CN116207990A - 机动车电力转换器 - Google Patents

机动车电力转换器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116207990A
CN116207990A CN202211427085.2A CN202211427085A CN116207990A CN 116207990 A CN116207990 A CN 116207990A CN 202211427085 A CN202211427085 A CN 202211427085A CN 116207990 A CN116207990 A CN 116207990A
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Prior art keywords
capacitors
voltage
power converter
subset
switches
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CN202211427085.2A
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Inventor
宋延涛
葛宝明
陈礼华
塞尔达·哈基·约纳克
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33561—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having more than one ouput with independent control
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L1/00—Supplying electric power to auxiliary equipment of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/40—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/20—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by converters located in the vehicle
    • B60L53/24—Using the vehicle's propulsion converter for charging
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/50—Charging stations characterised by energy-storage or power-generation means
    • B60L53/53—Batteries
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
    • B60L58/20—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having different nominal voltages
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R16/00—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for
    • B60R16/02—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements
    • B60R16/03—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for
    • B60R16/033—Electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for; Arrangement of elements of electric or fluid circuits specially adapted for vehicles and not otherwise provided for electric constitutive elements for supply of electrical power to vehicle subsystems or for characterised by the use of electrical cells or batteries
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/34—Parallel operation in networks using both storage and other dc sources, e.g. providing buffering
    • H02J7/342—The other DC source being a battery actively interacting with the first one, i.e. battery to battery charging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M3/00—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output
    • H02M3/22—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac
    • H02M3/24—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters
    • H02M3/28—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac
    • H02M3/325—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M3/335—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M3/33569—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
    • H02M3/33576—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H02M3/33592—Conversion of dc power input into dc power output with intermediate conversion into ac by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate ac using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements having at least one active switching element at the secondary side of an isolation transformer having a synchronous rectifier circuit or a synchronous freewheeling circuit at the secondary side of an isolation transformer
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
    • H02M7/219—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/483—Converters with outputs that each can have more than two voltages levels
    • H02M7/487—Neutral point clamped inverters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2210/00—Converter types
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
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    • H02J2207/00—Indexing scheme relating to details of circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J2207/20—Charging or discharging characterised by the power electronics converter
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
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    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

本公开提供“机动车电力转换器”。一种用于车辆的电力系统包括：牵引电池，所述牵引电池具有输出电压；变压器，所述变压器包括线圈；以及电力转换器，所述电力转换器包括多个电容器和多个开关，所述多个电容器和多个开关被布置成使得当所述开关的第一子集接通时，所述电容器中的两个电容器并联，所述线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且所述电容器中的所述两个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是所述输出电压的一半。

Description

机动车电力转换器
技术领域
本公开涉及用于机动车辆的电力系统。
背景技术
电动化车辆可能包括牵引电池和辅助电池。牵引电池可以用于为电机供电以进行推进。辅助电池可以用于为娱乐系统、内部照明系统等供电。牵引电池和辅助电池可以布置成使得一个可以给另一个充电。
发明内容
一种用于车辆的电力系统包括：牵引电池，所述牵引电池具有输出电压；变压器，所述变压器包括线圈；以及电力转换器，所述电力转换器电连接在牵引电池和变压器之间、包括多个电容器和多个开关，所述多个电容器和多个开关被布置成使得当开关的第一子集接通时，电容器中的两个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且电容器中的所述两个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是输出电压的一半，并且当开关的第二子集接通时，两个电容器中的一个电容器和所述电容器中的另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且所述两个电容器中的所述一个电容器和所述电容器中的所述另一个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是输出电压的一半。
一种操作包括牵引电池、变压器和电力转换器的电力系统的方法包括：命令电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集接通，使得电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是牵引电池的输出电压的一半；以及命令电力转换器的多个开关的第二子集接通，使得多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器两端的电压是输出电压的一半。
一种车辆具有电力系统，所述电力系统包括牵引电池、变压器、电连接在牵引电池和变压器之间的DC/AC电力转换器、负载以及电连接在变压器和负载之间的AC/DC电力转换器。所述车辆还具有控制器，所述控制器生成用于DC/AC电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集的命令，使得所述DC/AC电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是牵引电池的输出电压的一半。控制器还生成用于电力转换器的多个开关的第二子集的命令，使得多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器两端的电压是输出电压的一半。
附图说明
图1是用于机动车辆的电力系统的框图。
图2是12V电池电压的模拟图。
图3是牵引电池或DC链路电压的模拟图。
图4是链路电容器电压的模拟图。
图5和图6是半导体开关电压的模拟图。
图7是12V电池电压的模拟图。
图8是牵引电池或DC链路电压的模拟图。
图9是链路电容器电压的模拟图。
图10和图11是半导体开关电压的模拟图。
具体实施方式
本文描述了实施例。然而，应理解，所公开的实施例仅是示例并且其他实施例可采用不同和替代的形式。附图不一定按比例绘制。一些特征可被放大或最小化以示出特定部件的细节。因此，本文所公开的具体结构细节和功能细节不应被解释为是限制性的，而是仅仅作为教导本领域技术人员的代表性基础。
参考附图中的任何一个示出和描述的各种特征可与一个或多个其他附图中示出的特征组合以产生未明确示出或描述的实施例。所示特征的组合提供用于典型应用的代表性实施例。然而，对于特定的应用或实施方式，可能期望与本公开的教导一致的对特征的各种组合和修改。
在电动车辆的典型DC-DC转换器中，车载辅助电力模块将能量从高压电池传送到低压电池，用于低压电子负载。在此布置中，半导体开关是串联连接的对，其限定彼此并联的支路，并且可以是金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管、绝缘栅双极晶体管或其他有源半导体装置。这些半导体装置上的电压应力由DC链路电压决定，所述DC链路电压是与支路并联的DC链路电容器上的电压。在DC链路电压低于450V的应用中，可以选择具有低于650V的额定电压的半导体装置。如果DC链路电压大于450V，则应选择具有大于650V的额定电压的半导体装置。高压半导体装置的常见问题包括有限的选择、较高的费用和可能较低的性能(例如，电压降、反向恢复损耗、漏电流、减小的开关速度等)。对于必须使用金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管来提高转换器开关频率和减小转换器尺寸的一些应用，此类具有大于650V的额定电压的源可能具有挑战性。
为了满足高驱动能力电动车辆的日益增长的需求，牵引逆变器和马达的电力能力正在增加。此不断增长的电力需求对逆变器/电机和高压电缆系统的设计提出了挑战。增加电动车辆驱动系统的电力能力的一个选项是增加牵引电池的电压。一些制造商已经将牵引电池电压提高到500V、600V，甚至800V。增加的电池电压在不增加逆变器/马达和高压电缆系统的额定电流的情况下增加了牵引逆变器/马达的电力能力。然而，较高的电池电压对应于较高的DC链路电压，并且增加了半导体装置上的电压应力，即需要使用具有超过650V的额定电压的半导体装置。例如，如果电池电压为800V，则半导体装置上的电压应力为800V，并且因此应使用具有1200V的额定电压的半导体装置。对于辅助电力模块应用，通常选择金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管来实现高开关频率操作。因此，可以减小无源部件的尺寸并且可以优化辅助电力模块封装尺寸和费用。随着额定电压增加到650V以上，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管装置的导通电阻和费用急剧增加，导致辅助电力模块费用更高并且辅助电力模块效率更低。
这里，提出了一种三电平DC-DC变换器，所述三电平DC-DC变换器减小了电源开关上的电压应力。参考图1，用于车辆12的电力系统10包括牵引电池14、DC/AC转换器16、变压器18、一个或多个AC/DC转换器20、一个或多个负载22(例如，辅助电池等)以及一个或多个控制器23。DC/AC转换器16电连接在牵引电池14和变压器18之间。变压器18电连接在DC/AC转换器16和AC/DC转换器20之间。并且AC/DC转换器20电连接在变压器18和负载22之间。牵引电池14因此可以经由DC/AC转换器16、变压器18和AC/DC转换器20向负载22提供能量。
DC/AC转换器16包括链路电容器24、26、28和半导体开关30、32、34、36、38、40。链路电容器24、26串联电连接，半导体开关30、32、38、40串联电连接，并且半导体开关34、36串联电连接。链路电容器28、串联连接的半导体开关30、32和串联连接的半导体开关34、36并联电连接。串联连接的链路电容器24、26和串联连接的开关30、32、38、40与牵引电池14并联电连接。
在此示例中，变压器18包括线圈42、44和芯部46，使得线圈42、44可以电磁耦合。其他布置也是可能的。
AC/DC转换器20各自包括半导体开关48、50、52、54(例如，金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管、绝缘栅双极晶体管、其他有源半导体装置等)和电容器56。半导体开关48、50串联电连接并且半导体开关52、54串联电连接。串联连接的半导体开关48、50、串联连接的开关52、54和电容器55与对应的负载22并联电连接。
线圈42的一个端子(上端子)电连接在串联连接的链路电容器24、26和串联连接的开关30、32之间。线圈42的另一个端子(下端子)电连接在串联连接的开关34、36之间。对于AC/DC转换器20中的每个，线圈44的一个端子电连接在所述串联连接的半导体开关48、50之间。线圈44的另一个端子电连接在串联连接的半导体开关52、54之间。
此布置将半导体开关30至40上的电压应力减小到DC链路电压的一半，所述DC链路电压是串联连接的链路电容器24、26两端的总电压。当半导体开关30、36和40接通时，链路电容器26和28并联，并且线圈42两端的AC电压处于正半周期(在线圈42的上端子上为正)。当半导体开关32、34和38接通时，链路电容器24、28并联，并且线圈42两端的AC电压处于负半周期(在线圈42的下端子上为正)。在此电路中，链路电容器24、26、28中的每个电容器两端的电压都是相同的并且等于DC链路电压的一半。对应地，半导体开关30至40中的每个上的电压应力是链路电容器24、26、28中的每个电容器两端的电压并且等于DC链路电压的一半。因此，具有较低额定电压的半导体装置可以用于半导体开关30至40，诸如金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管、绝缘栅双极晶体管或具有较低额定电压的其他有源半导体装置。
控制器23与牵引电池14、DC/AC转换器16、变压器18、转换器20和一个或多个负载22通信且/或控制所述牵引电池、DC/AC转换器、变压器、转换器和一个或多个负载。因此，控制器23可以向半导体开关30、32、34、36、38、40发出命令以实现上述DC/AC转换条件。同样，控制器23可以向半导体开关48、50、52、54发出命令以实现AC/DC转换条件。
如果牵引电池14的电压是800V，链路电容器24、26、28中的每个电容器两端的电压都是400V，在半导体开关30至40中的每个上的电压应力是400V，因此例如600V金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管可以用于半导体开关30至40。相比之下，如果DC/AC转换器16具有标准拓扑，则需要使用1200V的半导体装置。
参考图1、图2、图3、图4、图5和图6，在300A充电电流的情况下，牵引电池14在800V下操作并且辅助电池22在12V下操作。从模拟中明显看出，开关30至40两端的电压不超过400V。
参考图1、图7、图8、图9、图10和图11，在300A充电电流的情况下，牵引电池14在600V下操作并且辅助电池22在12V下操作。从模拟中明显看出，开关30至40两端的电压不超过300V。
虽然上文描述了示例性实施例，但这些实施例并不意在描述权利要求所涵盖的所有可能形式。在说明书中使用的词语是描述性词语而非限制性词语，并且应理解，可以在不脱离本公开的精神和范围的情况下做出各种改变。例如，所提出的拓扑还可以应用于车载发电机，以减小电力半导体装置等上的电压应力。
如前所描述的，各个实施例的特征可以被组合以形成本发明的可能未被明确描述或示出的另外的实施例。虽然各种实施例可能已经被描述为就一个或多个期望的特性而言相较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式提供了优点或是优选的，但是本领域普通技术人员应认识到，一个或多个特征或特性可以被折衷以实现期望的总体系统属性，这取决于具体的应用和实施方式。这些属性可包括但不限于：强度、耐久性、可销售性、外观、包装、尺寸、可服务性、重量、可制造性、易组装性等。这样，描述为就一个或多个特性而言较其他实施例或现有技术实施方式不太期望的实施例不在本公开的范围之外，并且对于特定应用可能是期望的。
根据本发明，提供了一种用于车辆的电力系统，所述电力系统具有：牵引电池，所述牵引电池具有输出电压；变压器，所述变压器包括线圈；以及电力转换器，所述电力转换器电连接在牵引电池和变压器之间、包括多个电容器和多个开关，所述多个电容器和多个开关被布置成使得当开关的第一子集接通时，电容器中的两个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且电容器中的两个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是输出电压的一半，并且当开关的第二子集接通时，两个电容器中的一个电容器和电容器中的另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且所述两个电容器中的所述一个电容器和所述电容器中的所述另一个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是输出电压的一半。
根据实施例，所述两个电容器中的另一个电容器和所述电容器中的另一个电容器串联连接。
根据实施例，所述两个电容器中的另一个电容器和所述电容器中的另一个电容器与牵引电池并联。
根据实施例，辅助电池和另一个电力转换器，所述另一个电力转换器电连接在变压器和辅助电池之间。
根据实施例，电力转换器是DC/AC电力转换器并且另一个电力转换器是AC/DC电力转换器。
根据实施例，本发明的特征还在于控制器，所述控制器被编程为生成用于开关的命令。
根据实施例，所述开关是晶体管。
根据本发明，一种操作电力系统的方法，所述电力系统包括牵引电池、变压器和电力转换器，所述方法包括：命令电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集接通，使得电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是牵引电池的输出电压的一半；以及命令电力转换器的多个开关的第二子集接通，使得多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器两端的电压是输出电压的一半。
在本发明的一个方面，所述电力系统还包括负载和另一个电力转换器，所述另一个电力转换器电连接在所述变压器和负载之间，所述方法还包括命令所述另一个电力转换器的开关接通和断开以将电力从所述牵引电池传送到所述负载。
在本发明的一个方面，电力转换器是DC/AC电力转换器并且另一个电力转换器是AC/DC电力转换器。
在本发明的一个方面，负载是辅助电池。
根据本发明，提供了一种车辆，所述车辆具有：电力系统，所述电力系统包括牵引电池、变压器、电连接在牵引电池和变压器之间的DC/AC电力转换器、负载以及电连接在变压器和负载之间的AC/DC电力转换器；以及控制器，所述控制器被编程为：生成用于DC/AC电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集的命令，使得所述DC/AC电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是牵引电池的输出电压的一半；并且生成用于所述DC/AC电力转换器的多个开关的第二子集的命令，使得多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，线圈两端的AC电压处于负半周期，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器两端的电压是输出电压的一半。
根据实施例，多个开关的第一子集是三个开关并且多个开关的第二子集是三个开关，使得DC/AC电力转换器具有不超过六个开关。
根据实施例，六个开关中的四个开关串联连接。
根据实施例，多个电容器的第一子集是两个电容器，并且多个电容器的第一子集中的至少一个电容器和多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器是两个电容器，使得DC/AC电力转换器具有不超过三个电容器。
根据实施例，三个电容器中的两个电容器串联连接。
根据实施例，两者与牵引电池并联。
根据实施例，控制器还被编程为生成用于AC/DC电力转换器的开关的命令，以将电力从牵引电池传送到负载。
根据实施例，所述开关是晶体管。
根据实施例，负载是辅助电池。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于车辆的电力系统，其包括：
牵引电池，所述牵引电池具有输出电压；
变压器，所述变压器包括线圈；以及
电力转换器，所述电力转换器电连接在所述牵引电池和所述变压器之间、包括多个电容器和多个开关，所述多个电容器和所述多个开关被布置成使得
当所述开关的第一子集接通时，所述电容器中的两个电容器并联，所述线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且所述电容器中的所述两个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是所述输出电压的一半，并且
当所述开关的第二子集接通时，所述两个电容器中的一个电容器和所述电容器中的另一个电容器并联，所述线圈两端的所述AC电压处于负半周期，并且所述两个电容器中的所述一个电容器和所述电容器中的所述另一个电容器中的每个电容器两端的电压都是所述输出电压的一半。
2.如权利要求1所述的电力系统，其中所述两个电容器中的另一个电容器和所述电容器中的所述另一个电容器串联连接。
3.如权利要求2所述的电力系统，其中所述两个电容器中的所述另一个电容器和所述电容器中的所述另一个电容器与所述牵引电池并联。
4.如权利要求1所述的电力系统，其还包括辅助电池和另一个电力转换器，所述另一个电力转换器电连接在所述变压器和所述辅助电池之间。
5.如权利要求4所述的电力系统，其中所述电力转换器是DC/AC电力转换器并且所述另一个电力转换器是AC/DC电力转换器。
6.如权利要求1所述的电力系统，其还包括控制器，所述控制器被编程为生成用于所述开关的命令。
7.如权利要求1所述的电力系统，其中所述开关是晶体管。
8.一种操作电力系统的方法，所述电力系统包括牵引电池、变压器和电力转换器，所述方法包括：
命令所述电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集接通，使得所述电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，所述变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是所述牵引电池的输出电压的一半；以及
命令所述电力转换器的所述多个开关的第二子集接通，使得所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的至少一个电容器和所述多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，所述线圈两端的所述AC电压处于负半周期，并且所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的所述至少一个电容器和所述多个电容器中的所述至少另一个电容器两端的电压是所述输出电压的一半。
9.如权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述电力系统还包括负载和另一个电力转换器，所述另一个电力转换器电连接在所述变压器和所述负载之间，所述方法还包括命令所述另一个电力转换器的开关接通和断开以将电力从所述牵引电池传送到所述负载。
10.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述电力转换器是DC/AC电力转换器并且所述另一个电力转换器是AC/DC电力转换器。
11.如权利要求9所述的方法，其中所述负载是辅助电池。
12.一种车辆，其包括：
电力系统，所述电力系统包括牵引电池、变压器、电连接在所述牵引电池和所述变压器之间的DC/AC电力转换器、负载以及电连接在所述变压器和所述负载之间的AC/DC电力转换器；以及
控制器，所述控制器被编程为：生成用于所述DC/AC电力转换器的多个开关的第一子集的命令，使得所述DC/AC电力转换器的多个电容器的第一子集并联，所述变压器的线圈两端的AC电压处于正半周期，并且所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的每个电容器两端的电压都是所述牵引电池的输出电压的一半；并且生成用于所述DC/AC电力转换器的所述多个开关的第二子集的命令，使得所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的至少一个电容器和所述多个电容器中的至少另一个电容器并联，所述线圈两端的所述AC电压处于负半周期，并且所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的所述至少一个电容器和所述多个电容器中的所述至少另一个电容器两端的电压是所述输出电压的一半。
13.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其中所述多个开关的所述第一子集是三个开关并且所述多个开关的所述第二子集是三个开关，使得所述DC/AC电力转换器具有不超过六个开关。
14.如权利要求13所述的车辆，其中所述六个开关中的四个开关是串联连接的。
15.如权利要求12所述的车辆，其中所述多个电容器的所述第一子集是两个电容器，并且所述多个电容器的所述第一子集中的所述至少一个电容器和所述多个电容器中的所述至少另一个电容器是两个电容器，使得所述DC/AC电力转换器具有不超过三个电容器。
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