CN116204962A - BIM-based structural design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of building structures of building engineering, and particularly relates to a structural design method based on BIM. Comprising the following steps: s1, creating a preliminary structural grid curve by using parameterized modeling software according to the topological relation of the appearance curved surface of a building model and the arrangement condition inside a building; s2, creating a structural wire film according to the preliminary structural grid curve; s3, creating a structural calculation model according to the structural linear film; s4, converting the structure calculation model by using the plug-in to generate a preliminary structure BIM model; s5, judging whether the BIM of the primary structure meets the professional design requirement; s6, refining the initial structure BIM model to form a final structure BIM model; and S7, creating and releasing a construction drawing and a model file based on the three-dimensional BIM model. The invention provides a BIM-based structural design method, which can rapidly realize the whole design flow from scheme to structural calculation to construction drawing, and improve the working efficiency and the design quality.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building structures of building engineering, and particularly relates to a structural design method based on BIM.
Background
With the development of building materials and digital technology, more and more buildings are not limited to a vertical orthogonal building system, and building forms with free curved surfaces are continuously emerging. As architectural forms become more and more complex, traditional planar-based designs have become unwieldy, and the development of digital technology, and in particular BIM technology, has brought more solutions to designers.
BIM is Building Information Modeling, chinese definition is a building information model, is defined as an engineering data model based on three-dimensional digital technology and integrated with various related information of a building engineering project, and is a detailed digital expression of the related information of the engineering project. The BIM-based design method has the characteristics of visualization, synergy, simulation, diagrammability and the like. And combining the models for collaborative design in the same platform by each specialty, and generating a two-dimensional design drawing based on the three-dimensional BIM model.
Currently, the BIM design software commonly used in the building design field mainly includes Rhinoceros, catia, sketchup, revit and the like. Wherein Rhinoceros, catia, sketchup is mainly used for the scheme stage and Revit is mainly used for the construction drawing stage. Rhinoceros and Catia have strong curved surface modeling capability and are commonly applied to building projects with complex modeling. Sketchup is rich in function and simple to operate, but the curved surface modeling capability is weak, so that Sketchup is mainly applied to scheme treatment of conventional buildings. Revit has strong multi-specialty collaborative design and graphic capability, and is suitable for the stage of project expansion and construction graphic; however, revit is based on a planar design concept and has poor curved surface modeling capability, so that the Revit is difficult to apply to complex modeling projects.
In engineering practice, for conventional buildings, each specialty can synchronize the design from solution to construction diagram under the Revit platform. However, for a building with a complex modeling, a plurality of software are often required to complete the design of each stage. In terms of structural expertise, a scheme model, a calculation model and a construction drawing model are required to be respectively modeled, so that inconsistent calculation and drawing and repeated modeling results are caused. Therefore, a method is needed to realize the rapid conversion of multiple software on the basis of ensuring design intent and work efficiency, and complete the whole design flow from modeling to calculation to drawing
The information disclosed in this background section is only for enhancement of understanding of the general background of the invention and should not be taken as an acknowledgement or any form of suggestion that this information forms the prior art already known to a person skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a BIM-based structural design method for solving the technical problems in the prior art.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a BIM-based structural design method, which comprises the following steps:
s1, creating a preliminary structural grid curve by using parameterized modeling software according to the topological relation of the appearance curved surface of a building model and the arrangement condition inside the building, wherein the grid curve is parameterized and can be quickly adjusted according to different parameters;
s2, creating a structural wire film according to the preliminary structural grid curve;
s3, creating a structural calculation model according to the structural linear film;
s4, converting the structure calculation model into a preliminary structure BIM model by using an insert;
s5, judging whether the BIM of the primary structure meets the professional design requirement or not:
if the judgment result is negative, returning to the step S1 or the step S3;
if yes, executing step S6;
and S6, refining the initial structure BIM model to form a final structure BIM model.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of:
s7, creating a construction drawing by utilizing the final structure BIM model, and distributing a construction drawing file.
Preferably, the method further comprises the steps of:
s8, exporting the final structure BIM model to be used as a final model release file.
Preferably, step S1 includes: and creating a preliminary structural grid curve in the Rhinoceros according to the topological relation of the outline curved surface of the building model and the arrangement condition of the interior of the building.
Preferably, step S2 includes: and breaking the preliminary structural grid curve at each curve intersection point, reducing the order of each segmented curve into a straight line segment, taking the straight line segment as a structural line model for calculation, and deriving the straight line segment into a dxf format.
Preferably, step S3 includes: and (3) importing the structural wire film in the dxf format into structural calculation software Midas Gen, creating structural units based on the wire film, giving cross section, material, load and boundary condition information to each unit, calculating, analyzing and optimizing to obtain a designed structural calculation model, and exporting the model into a mgt file.
Preferably, step S4 includes:
s41: opening a plug-in program, reading in a generated mgt file, and extracting structural units, nodes, coordinates, materials, sections and boundary condition information related to a structural calculation model, wherein wall units and plate units are selectively input according to requirements;
s42: carding and converting the structural information obtained by the structural calculation model into component positioning, family and family type information for Revit modeling, wherein the components correspond to units in the structural calculation model one by one, the family and family type to be loaded are stored in a temporary file 1, and the related information of the components is stored in a temporary file 2; for the lever unit, the information stored in the temporary file 1 includes parameters of a family name, a family type name, and a family type; the information stored in the temporary file 2 comprises a unit number, a node coordinate, an alignment mode, an eccentric value, a section rotation angle, a family and a family type;
s43: extracting family and family type information stored in the temporary file 1, and loading corresponding family and family types in the Revit; before loading, traversing the loaded families and family types in the current Revit document through the api, and if the corresponding families are not loaded, loading the family files according to the set positions or manually; if the loaded family has no corresponding family type, creating a new family type and inputting related parameters according to family type information;
s44: and reading component information in the temporary file 2, calling the family and the family type in the Revit, respectively creating each component according to the positioning, and generating a preliminary structure BIM model.
Preferably, whether the preliminary structure BIM model meets the requirements of each professional design is judged:
if the judgment result is negative and the adjustment range is smaller, returning to the step S3;
if the judgment result is negative and the adjustment range is large, returning to the step S1;
if yes, go to step S6.
By adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention provides a BIM-based structural design method, which can rapidly realize the whole design flow from scheme to structural calculation to construction drawing, and improve the working efficiency and the design quality.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the following description will briefly explain the drawings needed in the embodiments or the prior art, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present invention and that other drawings can be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a design method provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a three-dimensional model of a building provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Rhinoceros structure wire mold provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a Midas Gen structure calculation model provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a mgt file import Revit modeling plug-in interface provided by an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a Revit structure BIM model according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a plan view of an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 8 is an elevation view provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the embodiments
The following description of the embodiments of the present invention will be made apparent and fully in view of the accompanying drawings, in which some, but not all embodiments of the invention are shown. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The following describes specific embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the drawings. It should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating and illustrating the invention, are not intended to limit the invention.
The present embodiment provides a structural design method based on BIM, to make the present embodiment clearer, explain the technical terms that appear:
rhinoceros: professional 3D modeling software developed by Robert McNeel & Assoc, usa, is used to create structural wire models.
Midas Gen: the general analysis and design software is used for structural calculation analysis.
mgt: a text-formatted data storage file of Midas Gen software is used for accessing structural calculation model data.
Revit: BIM modeling design software is used for BIM modeling, professional collaboration, plotting and the like.
The family: all primitives in Revit are created based on a family, which is a class of primitives in a class.
Family type: each family may have multiple types, a family type being a family of specific parameters.
In this embodiment, specifically, referring to fig. 1, the present embodiment proposes a structural design method based on BIM, which includes the following specific steps:
step 1: a preliminary structural grid curve is created in Rhino according to the contour surface topology of the building specialty BIM model and the internal layout of the building (see fig. 2).
Step 2: the preliminary structural curve model is subjected to breaking treatment at each curve intersection point, each segmented curve is reduced to be a straight line segment, the straight line segment is used as a structural line model for calculation (see fig. 3), and the dxf format is derived.
Step 3: the structure linear film in dxf format is led into structure calculation software Midas Gen, based on the linear film, the plate, wall and other surface units are created, the information of section, material, load, boundary condition and the like is given to each unit, and after calculation analysis and optimization, the designed structure calculation model is obtained (see figure 4), and is led out as mgt file.
And step 4 to step 7 are that the plug-in program calls api to be completed in the Revit in sequence.
Step 4: and opening a plug-in program (see fig. 5), reading in the generated mgt file, and extracting information about structural units, nodes, coordinates, materials, sections, boundary conditions and the like related to the structural calculation model, wherein wall units and plate units can be selectively input according to requirements.
Step 5: carding and converting structural information obtained by the calculation model into information such as component positioning, family type and the like for Revit modeling, wherein components correspond to units in the calculation model one by one, the family and family type to be loaded are stored in a temporary file 1, and related information of the components is stored in a temporary file 2; for the lever unit, the information stored in the temporary file 1 mainly includes parameters of a family name, a family type name, and a family type; the information stored in the temporary file 2 mainly includes a unit number, a node coordinate, an alignment mode, an eccentric value, a section rotation angle, a family and a family type.
Step 6: extracting family and family type information stored in the temporary file 1, and loading corresponding family and family types in the Revit; before loading, traversing the loaded families and family types in the current Revit document through the api, and if the corresponding families are not loaded, loading the family files according to the set positions or manually; if the loaded family has no corresponding family type, the family type is newly established and relevant parameters are input according to family type information.
Step 7: reading component information in the temporary file 2, calling the family and the family type in the Revit, respectively creating each component according to the positioning, and generating a preliminary structure BIM model (see figure 6);
step 8: the initial structure BIM model is linked into the building and MEP professional BIM models, after being matched by each professional design, if the adjustment range is smaller, the BIM model can be directly and locally adjusted in Revit, if the adjustment range is larger, the structure line film and the calculation model are readjusted in Rhino and structure calculation software, and after calculation and optimization are carried out again, an updated structure BIM model is obtained by using plug-in program;
step 9: the BIM model of the refined structure comprises a component alignment mode, component eccentricity, local adjustment of connecting nodes and the like;
step 10: the refined structure BIM model is linked into a building and MEP professional model, and is used as a final structure BIM model file after die assembly and inspection are completed;
step 11: and creating each view (see fig. 7 and 8) according to a plane, a vertical plane, a section and the like by utilizing the final BIM model, adding information such as notes, marks and the like into the views to serve as a final construction drawing, and exporting the final construction drawing into pdf and dwg formats to serve as a final drawing release file.
Step 12: the final BIM model is used to export formats such as ifc and nwc, and the formats are used together with rvt as a final model release file.
In summary, by adopting the technical scheme, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the initial line mode selection in the early stage is established in parameterized modeling software Rhinoceros, and compared with the operation in the structure calculation software directly, the modeling process is quick and efficient;
2. the structural calculation model is converted into the three-dimensional BIM model through the plug-in, so that secondary repeated modeling is avoided, modeling efficiency is improved, and human errors are reduced;
3. the method directly creates and generates plane, elevation and section drawings based on the three-dimensional BIM model, reduces links for drawing drawings in two-dimensional cad, and improves drawing efficiency.
4. In different stages of design, the invention combines the technical characteristics of various design software, fully exerts the technical advantages of different software and improves the design efficiency.
5. According to the method, the model information data in the calculation model, the BIM model and the construction drawing are related to each other, so that the situation that the model is not related to and inconsistent with the two-dimensional drawing in the traditional design method is avoided, and the error rate is reduced.
6. The final result of the invention is not only a two-dimensional construction drawing, the three-dimensional BIM model can be submitted together, the designed BIM model can be further continued in the links of subsequent construction, operation and maintenance and the like, and the advantages and effects of the BIM technology are fully exerted.
Finally, it should be noted that: the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the same; although the invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art that: the technical scheme described in the foregoing embodiments can be modified or some or all of the technical features thereof can be replaced by equivalents; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the invention.
Claims (8)
1. The BIM-based structural design method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, creating a preliminary structural grid curve by using parameterized modeling software according to the topological relation of the appearance curved surface of a building model and the arrangement condition inside a building;
s2, creating a structural wire film according to the preliminary structural grid curve;
s3, creating a structural calculation model according to the structural linear film;
s4, converting the structure calculation model into a preliminary structure BIM model by using an insert;
s5, judging whether the BIM of the primary structure meets the professional design requirement or not:
if the judgment result is negative, returning to the step S1 or the step S3;
if yes, executing step S6;
and S6, refining the initial structure BIM model to form a final structure BIM model.
2. The BIM-based structural design method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s7, creating a construction drawing by utilizing the final structure BIM model, and distributing a construction drawing file.
3. The BIM-based structural design method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:
s8, exporting the final structure BIM model to be used as a final model release file.
4. The BIM-based structural design method according to claim 1, wherein step S1 includes: and creating a preliminary structural grid curve in the Rhinoceros according to the topological relation of the outline curved surface of the building model and the arrangement condition of the interior of the building.
5. The BIM-based structural design method according to claim 1, wherein step S2 includes: and breaking the preliminary structural grid curve at each curve intersection point, reducing the order of each segmented curve into a straight line segment, taking the straight line segment as a structural line model for calculation, and deriving the straight line segment into a dxf format.
6. The BIM-based structural design method according to claim 1, wherein step S3 includes:
and (3) importing the structural wire film in the dxf format into structural calculation software Midas Gen, creating structural units based on the wire film, giving cross section, material, load and boundary condition information to each unit, calculating, analyzing and optimizing to obtain a designed structural calculation model, and exporting the model into a mgt file.
7. The BIM-based structural design method according to claim 6, wherein step S4 includes:
s41: opening a plug-in program, reading in a generated mgt file, and extracting structural units, nodes, coordinates, materials, sections and boundary condition information related to a structural calculation model, wherein wall units and plate units are selectively input according to requirements;
s42: carding and converting the structural information obtained by the structural calculation model into component positioning, family and family type information for Revit modeling, wherein the components correspond to units in the structural calculation model one by one, the family and family type to be loaded are stored in a temporary file 1, and the related information of the components is stored in a temporary file 2; for the lever unit, the information stored in the temporary file 1 includes parameters of a family name, a family type name, and a family type; the information stored in the temporary file 2 comprises a unit number, a node coordinate, an alignment mode, an eccentric value, a section rotation angle, a family and a family type;
s43: extracting family and family type information stored in the temporary file 1, and loading corresponding family and family types in the Revit; before loading, traversing the loaded families and family types in the current Revit document through the api, and if the corresponding families are not loaded, loading the family files according to the set positions or manually; if the loaded family has no corresponding family type, creating a new family type and inputting related parameters according to family type information;
s44: and reading component information in the temporary file 2, calling the family and the family type in the Revit, respectively creating each component according to the positioning, and generating a preliminary structure BIM model.
8. The BIM-based structure design method as recited in claim 7, wherein,
judging whether the preliminary structure BIM meets the requirements of each professional design or not:
if the judgment result is negative and the adjustment range is smaller, returning to the step S3;
if the judgment result is negative and the adjustment range is large, returning to the step S1;
if yes, go to step S6.
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