CN116200131B - Modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, preparation method thereof and solar cell module - Google Patents
Modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, preparation method thereof and solar cell module Download PDFInfo
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- CN116200131B CN116200131B CN202310298681.3A CN202310298681A CN116200131B CN 116200131 B CN116200131 B CN 116200131B CN 202310298681 A CN202310298681 A CN 202310298681A CN 116200131 B CN116200131 B CN 116200131B
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- polyvinyl butyral
- film
- thermoplastic elastomer
- modified polyvinyl
- polyolefin thermoplastic
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- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 206
- 239000002313 adhesive film Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 26
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- 229920002725 thermoplastic elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 122
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000003431 cross linking reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims description 137
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000326 ultraviolet stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000010096 film blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000012945 sealing adhesive Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-phenylpropan-2-ylperoxy)propan-2-ylbenzene Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XMNIXWIUMCBBBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2,4-dichlorobenzoyl) 2,4-dichlorobenzenecarboperoxoate Chemical compound ClC1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1C(=O)OOC(=O)C1=CC=C(Cl)C=C1Cl WRXCBRHBHGNNQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 3
- GXBCWRMJQPLZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-2-propan-2-ylperoxypropane Chemical compound CC(C)OOC(C)(C)C GXBCWRMJQPLZDU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 abstract description 49
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 23
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000012752 auxiliary agent Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 7
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- SAJFQHPVIYPPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-ditert-butyl-4-(dioctadecoxyphosphorylmethyl)phenol Chemical group CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCOP(=O)(OCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)CC1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C)=C1 SAJFQHPVIYPPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000004806 packaging method and process Methods 0.000 description 6
- JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol, 2,4-bis(1,1-dimethylethyl)-, phosphite (3:1) Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(C(C)(C)C)=CC=C1OP(OC=1C(=CC(=CC=1)C(C)(C)C)C(C)(C)C)OC1=CC=C(C(C)(C)C)C=C1C(C)(C)C JKIJEFPNVSHHEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 229940116351 sebacate Drugs 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000004611 light stabiliser Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 4
- CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L sebacate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CCCCCCCCC([O-])=O CXMXRPHRNRROMY-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000005038 ethylene vinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- CCNDOQHYOIISTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-bis(2-tert-butylperoxypropan-2-yl)benzene Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C1=CC=CC=C1C(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C CCNDOQHYOIISTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000003679 aging effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC BJQHLKABXJIVAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 2
- MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisobutyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)COC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC(C)C MGWAVDBGNNKXQV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000010030 laminating Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000004383 yellowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- FJIKTDQUFVLFPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-ethylbutanoyloxy)ethyl 2-ethylbutanoate Chemical compound CCC(CC)C(=O)OCCOC(=O)C(CC)CC FJIKTDQUFVLFPH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002390 adhesive tape Substances 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002238 attenuated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisononyl phthalate Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCCCCC(C)C HBGGXOJOCNVPFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- -1 hydrogen ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 1
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Natural products C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012785 packaging film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006280 packaging film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002161 passivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012797 qualification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000565 sealant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/10—Adhesives in the form of films or foils without carriers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F255/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00
- C08F255/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers of hydrocarbons as defined in group C08F10/00 on to polymers of olefins having two or three carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J129/00—Adhesives based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by an alcohol, ether, aldehydo, ketonic, acetal, or ketal radical; Adhesives based on hydrolysed polymers of esters of unsaturated alcohols with saturated carboxylic acids; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J129/14—Homopolymers or copolymers of acetals or ketals obtained by polymerisation of unsaturated acetals or ketals or by after-treatment of polymers of unsaturated alcohols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J151/00—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09J151/06—Adhesives based on graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Adhesives based on derivatives of such polymers grafted on to homopolymers or copolymers of aliphatic hydrocarbons containing only one carbon-to-carbon double bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J7/30—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by the adhesive composition
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
- H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
- H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
- H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
- H01L31/0481—Encapsulation of modules characterised by the composition of the encapsulation material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2203/00—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2203/322—Applications of adhesives in processes or use of adhesives in the form of films or foils for the production of solar panels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
- C09J2301/00—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils
- C09J2301/20—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself
- C09J2301/208—Additional features of adhesives in the form of films or foils characterized by the structural features of the adhesive itself the adhesive layer being constituted by at least two or more adjacent or superposed adhesive layers, e.g. multilayer adhesive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a preparation method and a solar cell module. The modified polyvinyl butyral film comprises a polyvinyl butyral film layer and a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer arranged on the surface of the polyvinyl butyral film layer; the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 6.0 portions of maleic anhydride. The modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film has good transparency, adhesion and weather resistance. The solar cell module has the advantages of tight adhesion of each layer, good sealing and good aging performance.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of solar cells, in particular to a modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a preparation method and a solar cell module.
Background
In the packaging of solar cell modules, it is often necessary to provide a polymer packaging film in the solar cell module to provide protection to the solar cell string. The polymer packaging adhesive film materials commonly used at present mainly comprise POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer ) adhesive films, EVA (ETHYLENE VINYL ACETATE Copolymer, vinyl acetate Copolymer) adhesive films and PVB (PolyVinyl Butyral Film, polyvinyl butyral) adhesive films.
The POE adhesive film has good electrical insulation, but the adhesive film has poor adhesion with glass and a back plate, and the qualification rate is reduced due to easy slipping in the preparation process of the solar cell module. In the use process of the packaging assembly, the auxiliary agent in the POE adhesive film can migrate to the bonding interface, so that the bonding performance is further deteriorated, and the adhesive film is delaminated or stripped; meanwhile, the aging performance, the light transmittance and the insulating sealing performance of the adhesive film are poor due to precipitation of the auxiliary agent, so that the service life of the assembly and the efficiency of the assembly are further influenced. Acetic acid can be generated in the aging process of the EVA film packaged solar cell module, so that the solar cell is corroded. The conventional PVB adhesive film has the problems of poor electrical insulation, poor PID (Potential Induced Degradation resistance to potential induced attenuation) resistance and the like due to the fact that the molecule is provided with a hydrocarbon-based structure, and the PVB adhesive film is easy to absorb water when exposed in air.
Therefore, developing a plastic film with better adhesion and aging performance to improve the service life and the assembly efficiency of the solar cell assembly has become one of the important research directions in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
Based on the above, it is necessary to provide a modified polyvinyl butyral film having good adhesion and good aging performance, a preparation method thereof, and a solar cell module.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
According to a first aspect of the present invention, there is provided a modified polyvinyl butyral film comprising a polyvinyl butyral film and a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer provided on the surface of the polyvinyl butyral film; the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 6.0 portions of maleic anhydride.
In some embodiments, the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 4.0 parts of maleic anhydride. Further preferably 4.0 parts.
In some of these embodiments, the polyvinyl butyral film is provided with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film on both opposing surfaces.
In some of these embodiments, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer has a thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm.
In some of these embodiments, the polyvinyl butyral film layer has a thickness of 200 μm to 300 μm.
In some of these embodiments, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer has a thickness of from 70 μm to 100 μm.
In some of these embodiments, the polyvinyl butyral film layer has a thickness of 200 μm to 260 μm.
In some of these embodiments, the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer has a hydroxyl number of 10% to 22% and a melt index of 4g/10min to 8g/10min.
In some embodiments, the crosslinking agent is one or more of dicumyl peroxide, bis (2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, di (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, and 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane.
According to a second aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method for producing the modified polyvinyl butyral film of the first aspect of the present invention, comprising the steps of:
melt blending the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, a silane coupling agent, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer to form a mixture I;
Melt blending polyvinyl butyral, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer to form a mixture II; and
And carrying out coextrusion film blowing on the mixture I and the mixture II.
In some of these embodiments, the process for preparing a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the steps of: mixing the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the cross-linking agent and the maleic anhydride according to the proportion, and carrying out melt grafting at the temperature of 180-190 ℃.
According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided a solar cell module comprising: the solar cell comprises a front cover plate, a front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a solar cell, a back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a back cover plate and a side sealing adhesive layer;
The front cover plate, the front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, the solar cell, the back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film and the back cover plate are sequentially laminated;
The side surface sealing glue layer seals the side surfaces of the solar cell, the front surface modified polyvinyl butyral glue film and the back surface modified polyvinyl butyral glue film;
The front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film are both the modified polyvinyl butyral film of the first aspect of the invention, the front side cover plate is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer in the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film, and the back side cover plate is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer in the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film.
In some embodiments, at least one of the front cover plate and the back cover plate is a glass cover plate.
In some of these embodiments, the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film each comprise the polyvinyl butyral film layer with the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer disposed on only one of the surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film layer.
In some of these embodiments, the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film each comprise the polyvinyl butyral film layer having the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer disposed on opposite surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film layer.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
According to the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the surface of the polyvinyl butyral film is provided with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer, and the grafting amount of maleic anhydride is controlled, so that the chemical bonding force between the film and the cover plate in the solar cell module can be increased, and the adhesion between the film and the cover plate is improved; the compatibility between POE and the auxiliary agent can be increased, and the auxiliary agent is prevented from migrating to a bonding interface in the using process; the interlayer compatibility and the cohesiveness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer and the polyvinyl butyral film layer in the adhesive film can be increased, and the interlayer stripping and delamination problems are solved; and the crystallinity of POE can be reduced, the light transmittance of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is increased, and the efficiency of the solar cell module is increased. Compared with the pure PVB, the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film has lower cost, good transparency, impact resistance and excellent weather resistance.
The solar cell module adopts the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film disclosed by the invention, so that all layers of the solar cell module are tightly adhered into a whole, PVB can be effectively prevented from contacting water in the air, and the PID effect of the module in the use process is reduced. The solar cell module has the advantages of tight adhesion of each layer, good sealing, good aging performance and long service life.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a modified polyvinyl butyral film according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a modified polyvinyl butyral film according to another embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a solar cell module according to an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a solar cell module according to another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a solar cell module according to another embodiment of the invention.
Reference numerals illustrate:
10. A modified polyvinyl butyral film; 11. a polyvinyl butyral film layer; 12. a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer; 20. a front cover plate; 30. a solar cell; 40. a back cover plate; 50. a side surface sealing adhesive layer; 100. a solar cell module.
Detailed Description
The following detailed description of the present invention will provide further details in order to make the above-mentioned objects, features and advantages of the present invention more comprehensible. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in many other forms than described herein and similarly modified by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit of the invention, whereby the invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying a relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated. Thus, a feature defining "a first" or "a second" may explicitly or implicitly include at least one such feature. In the description of the present invention, the meaning of "plurality" means at least two, for example, two, three, etc., unless specifically defined otherwise.
In the present invention, unless explicitly specified and limited otherwise, the terms "mounted," "connected," "secured," and the like are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; either directly or indirectly, through intermediaries, or both, may be in communication with each other or in interaction with each other, unless expressly defined otherwise. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art according to the specific circumstances.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. The terminology used herein in the description of the invention is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. The term "and/or" as used herein includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items.
Referring to fig. 1 and 2, a modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 is provided according to an embodiment of the present invention. The modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 comprises a polyvinyl butyral film 11 and a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film 12 provided on the surface of the polyvinyl butyral film 11. And, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer in the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 6.0 portions of maleic anhydride.
The invention forms a modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 by arranging a specific grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on the surface of a polyvinyl butyral film layer 11; wherein the preparation raw materials of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprise specific amounts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer (POE), maleic anhydride and crosslinking agent; the POE is grafted and modified by a specific amount of maleic anhydride, a carboxyl group can be introduced into POE molecules, and the introduction of the carboxyl group with strong polarity can increase the chemical bonding force between the POE film layer and the cover plate in the solar cell module, so that the adhesiveness between the grafted and modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 and the cover plate is increased; the introduction of the carboxyl groups with strong polarity can also increase the compatibility between POE and auxiliary agents (silane coupling agent, antioxidant, ultraviolet stabilizer and the like) and avoid migration of the auxiliary agents in the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 to a bonding interface in the use process; in addition, the introduction of carboxyl groups can also increase the interlayer compatibility and cohesiveness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 and the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 in the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10, so that the interlayer stripping and delamination problems are effectively solved; furthermore, the grafted carboxyl groups destroy the regularity of the POE molecular chain, reduce the crystallinity of POE, and increase the light transmittance of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12, thereby increasing the efficiency of the solar cell module.
Compared with PVB (polyvinyl butyral) adhesive film with the same volume, the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film 10 has lower cost and good transparency; the grafted and modified POE molecules have random and flexible ether bonds, and the free volume of the molecular chains is larger, so that the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film 10 has better impact resistance; the hydroxyl and ether bond in the grafted and modified POE molecular chain are extremely stable, and are difficult to be oxidized and degraded under the action of ultraviolet light, oxygen and water, so that the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film 10 has excellent weather resistance.
The modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 is used for packaging a solar cell module, can enable all layers in the solar cell module to be tightly adhered into a whole, and can effectively prevent the polyvinyl butyral film 11 (PVB film) from being contacted with air, so that the PVB film can be protected and insulated, and the PID effect of the solar cell module in the use process is reduced. Meanwhile, the layers of the whole solar cell module are tightly adhered, so that the possibility of silver lines generated when the module is impacted by the outside is reduced, the impact resistance of the solar cell module can be improved, and the service life of the module is prolonged.
In some of these embodiments, the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 4.0 parts of maleic anhydride.
The inventors have found that properly increasing the grafting amount of maleic anhydride in the graft modified POE (i.e., increasing the amount of maleic anhydride in the raw material) within the scope of the present invention helps to increase the peel force of the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 and can reduce the volume resistivity of the film. The main reason is that the content of polar groups is increased to enhance the bonding force between the adhesive film and the surface of the cover plate and reduce the dielectric constant of the adhesive film material. When the amount of maleic anhydride is increased from 2.0 parts to 4.0 parts, the peel strength of the adhesive film increases, the volume resistivity decreases, and the light transmittance increases. The reason is that when the using amount of the maleic anhydride is small, the grafting points are dispersed, and the irregularity of the system molecules is increased, so that the crystallinity of the system is reduced.
When the amount of maleic anhydride is increased to 6.0 parts, grafting sites of maleic anhydride are partially concentrated, so that a strong conjugated structure is formed in or between molecular chains, and the light transmittance of the adhesive film is rapidly reduced. In addition, as the grafting amount of maleic anhydride increases, the yellowing index (delta YI) of the solar cell module after ultraviolet aging gradually increases, and the aging performance is reduced. The main reason is that with the further increase of polar groups in POE, more ultraviolet light can be absorbed in the aging process, and the aging of the adhesive film is accelerated. Therefore, in view of various performances of the adhesive film and the solar cell module, the amount of maleic anhydride is preferably controlled to be 2.0 parts to 4.0 parts, wherein 4.0 parts of maleic anhydride is more preferable in grafting amount.
Referring to fig. 1, in one specific example, a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is provided on only one surface of a polyvinyl butyral film layer 11. When the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 having such a structure is used for packaging a solar cell module, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 in the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 needs to be directly bonded to a cover plate.
Referring to fig. 2, in another specific example, a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is provided on each of opposite surfaces of a polyvinyl butyral film layer 11. When the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 with the structure is used for packaging a solar cell module, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on one surface of the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 can be directly attached to the cover plate.
In some of these embodiments, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on one side of the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 has a thickness of 50 μm to 100 μm. It was found that the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 has an important influence on the weather resistance of the solar cell module. Too small a thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 can cause degradation of the ultraviolet aging test Pmax, degradation of the damp-heat aging Pmax, degradation of the PID resistance Pmax of the solar cell module, and poor aging performance.
The thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is controlled to be 50-100 mu m, so that the solar cell module has good ageing performance. It is understood that the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 can be, but is not limited to, 50 μm, 55 μm, 60 μm, 65 μm, 70 μm, 75 μm, 80 μm, 85 μm, 90 μm, 95 μm, 100 μm.
In some of these embodiments, the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 has a thickness of from 70 μm to 100 μm. Experimental research has found that when the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is gradually increased from 50 μm to 70 μm, the power attenuation of the ultraviolet aging test, the damp heat aging test and the PID test of the component is gradually reduced, which means that the aging performance of the component is gradually improved. And when the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 exceeds 70. Mu.m, the film thickness thereof has little influence on the power attenuation of the component.
The possible reasons for this are: the molecular chain of the grafted POE resin does not contain a branched structure, the PVB has good fluidity after lamination and melting when the assembly is packaged, and the PVB has poorer fluidity after the melting due to the branched structure, and meanwhile, the molecular chain is softer, so that the heat shrinkage is relatively larger in the lamination process, and the POE melt can be pressed into shrinkage holes of the PVB by external pressure in the shrinkage process; when the grafted POE layer is thinner, the POE layer solidifies relatively quickly during lamination, leaving behind microscopic holes that are less than full of PVB shrinkage, thus resulting in components that experience greater attenuation of power Pmax during humid heat aging, uv aging, and PID testing. From the viewpoint of improving the aging property of the component, the thickness of the graft-modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is preferably 70 μm to 100 μm in the present invention. Further preferably 70 μm in combination.
In some of these embodiments, the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 in the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 is 200 μm to 300 μm. It is understood that the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 may be, but is not limited to, 200 μm, 210 μm, 220 μm, 230 μm, 240 μm, 250 μm, 260 μm, 270 μm, 280 μm, 290 μm, 300 μm.
Further, in some embodiments, the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 is 200 μm to 260 μm. The thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film 11 may be adjusted according to the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film 12. For example, when the thickness of the graft-modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is large, the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 can be reduced accordingly; when the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is small, the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 can be increased accordingly so that the overall thickness of the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 is substantially uniform.
In some of these embodiments, the POE in the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 has a hydroxyl number of 10% to 22% and a melt index of 4g/10min to 8g/10min. It is understood that the hydroxyl number of POE may be, but is not limited to, 10%, 12%, 14%, 16%, 18%, 20%, 22%; the melt index of POE may be, but is not limited to, 4g/10min, 5g/10min, 6g/10min, 7g/10min, 8g/10min.
In some of these embodiments, the crosslinking agent may employ one or more of dicumyl peroxide, bis (2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl) peroxide, di (t-butylperoxyisopropyl) benzene, and 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (t-butylperoxy) hexane.
An embodiment of the present invention also provides a method for preparing the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10, which comprises the following steps S100 to S300.
Step S100: adding the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the silane coupling agent, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet stabilizer into a high-speed mixer for melt blending to form a mixture I.
In some of these embodiments, the antioxidants employed include primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants; wherein the main antioxidant is 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester; the auxiliary antioxidant can be any one or more of tri (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester and tri (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
In some of these embodiments, the ultraviolet light stabilizer used is bis-2, 6-tetramethylpiperidinol sebacate, N, any one or more of N-bis- (2, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) -1, 6-hexanediamine, 2,4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine and bis (1, 2, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidine) sebacate are used in combination.
In one specific example, the mass ratio of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the silane coupling agent, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet light stabilizer is 100:0.5:0.5:0.5.
Step S200: adding polyvinyl butyral, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer into a high-speed mixer for melt blending to form a mixture II.
In some of these embodiments, the plasticizer used is any one or more of ethylene glycol bis (2-ethylbutyrate) (abbreviated as 3 GH), diisobutyl phthalate, di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, and diisononyl phthalate.
In some of these embodiments, the antioxidants employed include primary antioxidants and secondary antioxidants; wherein the main antioxidant is 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester; the auxiliary antioxidant can be any one or more of tri (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite, 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzyl phosphonic acid dioctadecyl ester and tri (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite.
In some of these embodiments, the ultraviolet light stabilizer used is bis-2, 6-tetramethylpiperidinol sebacate, N, any one or more of N-bis- (2, 6-tetramethyl-4-piperidinyl) -1, 6-hexanediamine, 2,4, 6-trichloro-1, 3, 5-triazine and bis (1, 2, 6-pentamethyl-4-piperidine) sebacate are used in combination.
In one specific example, the mass ratio of the polyvinyl butyral, the plasticizer, the antioxidant and the ultraviolet light stabilizer is 100:30:0.5:0.5.
Step S300: and (3) putting the mixture I prepared in the step (S100) and the mixture II prepared in the step (S200) into a coextrusion film blowing machine to perform coextrusion film blowing to obtain the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10.
In some of these embodiments, the co-extrusion blown film results in a modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 having a two-layer structure. As shown in fig. 1, the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the two-layer structure includes a polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 and a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 provided on one surface of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11.
In some of these embodiments, the co-extrusion blown film results in a modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 having a three-layer structure. As shown in fig. 2, the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the three-layer structure includes a polyvinyl butyral film 11, and a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film 12 is provided on both surfaces opposite to the polyvinyl butyral film 11. In some specific examples, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on opposite surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 is controlled to be uniform during the coextrusion film blowing process.
In some of these embodiments, the process for preparing the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer in step S100 is as follows: according to the raw material proportion of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the cross-linking agent and the maleic anhydride are mixed and melt grafted at the temperature of 180-190 ℃ to prepare the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer. Maleic anhydride is grafted into polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer molecules by a melt grafting method to modify the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer molecules. It is understood that the temperature of melt grafting can be, but is not limited to 180 ℃, 181 ℃, 182 ℃, 183 ℃, 184 ℃, 185 ℃, 186 ℃, 187 ℃, 188 ℃, 190 ℃.
Referring to fig. 3 to 6, some embodiments of the present invention further provide a solar cell module 100. The solar module 100 includes a front cover sheet 20, a front modified polyvinyl butyral film, a solar cell 30, a back modified polyvinyl butyral film, a back cover sheet 40, and a side sealant layer 50.
Wherein the front cover plate 20, the front modified polyvinyl butyral film, the solar cell 30, the back modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back cover plate 40 are sequentially laminated; the side seal adhesive layer 50 seals the sides of the solar cell 30, the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film, and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film.
The front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film both use the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the present invention. And, the front cover sheet 20 is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 in the front modified polyvinyl butyral film; the back cover sheet 40 is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 in the back modified polyvinyl butyral film.
In the solar cell module 100, a front-side modified polyvinyl butyral film is provided between the solar cell 30 and the front cover plate 20, and a back-side modified polyvinyl butyral film is provided between the solar cell 30 and the back cover plate 40; the front cover plate 20 is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 in the front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, and the back cover plate 40 is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 in the back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, so that the impact resistance and ageing performance of the solar cell module 100 can be effectively improved, and the service life of the solar cell module 100 can be prolonged; and can provide the solar cell module 100 with good transparency and improve the module efficiency.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, in some embodiments, both the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film of the solar module 100 employ the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the present invention in a two-layer structure. In the solar cell module 100 of these structures, the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film is in direct contact with the front side cover sheet 20; the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film is in direct contact with the back side cover 40.
Referring to fig. 5 and 6, in some embodiments, both the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film of the solar module 100 employ the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the present invention in a three-layer structure. In the solar cell module 100 of these structures, the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 of either surface on the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film can be brought into direct contact with the front side cover sheet 20; the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 on either surface of the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film is brought into direct contact with the back side cover 40.
In the solar cell module 100 of the present invention, at least one of the front cover plate 20 and the back cover plate 40 is a glass cover plate. That is, the front cover plate 20 and the rear cover plate 40 may be both glass cover plates or only one of them may be glass cover plates. When the front cover plate 20 and the back cover plate 40 are both glass cover plates, the solar cell module 100 is a double glass solar cell module; when one of the front cover plate 20 and the rear cover plate 40 is a glass cover plate, the solar cell assembly 100 is a single glass solar cell assembly.
Referring to fig. 3 and 5, in some embodiments, the front cover plate 20 and the back cover plate 40 are both glass cover plates, and the solar cell module 100 is a dual-glass solar cell module. Referring to fig. 4 and 6, in some embodiments, the front cover 20 is a glass cover, and the back cover 40 is a CPC structure cover (transparent back plates coated with functional layers on both sides of the PET substrate), and the solar cell module 100 is a single glass solar cell module.
In some of these embodiments, the solar cells 30 in the solar module 100 are solar cell strings formed by a plurality of solar cell sheets connected in series. The solar cell may be TOPcon cells (Tunnel Oxide Passivated Contact solar cell, tunnel oxide passivation contact solar cells).
The method for manufacturing the solar cell module 100 of the present invention is as follows:
the layers of the solar cell module 100 are stacked in the following order: the front cover plate 20, the front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, the solar cell 30, the back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film and the back cover plate 40 are sealed by placing a polyisobutylene adhesive tape at a position 5cm away from the edges of the front cover plate 20 and the back cover plate 40 to form a side sealing adhesive layer 50.
And placing the stacked solar cell module 100 at the temperature of 135-145 ℃ for heating for 5-10 min, vacuumizing and applying pressure for hot pressing, wherein the vacuum degree is 200-300 Pa, and the applied pressure is 70-80 kPa.
And heating the solar cell module 100 after hot pressing to 160-180 ℃ for lamination, wherein the lamination pressure is 1.0-1.5 MPa, and the lamination time is 10-15 min.
And cooling the laminated solar cell module 100 to 20-30 ℃ to obtain a finished product of the solar cell module 100 with the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film 10.
In general, in the modified polyvinyl butyral film 10 of the present invention, a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 is provided on the surface of a polyvinyl butyral film layer 11. The chemical bonding force of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 and the cover plate in the solar cell module 100 can be increased by grafting the modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer with maleic anhydride, so that the adhesiveness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 and the cover plate is increased; the compatibility between POE (polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer) and auxiliary agents (silane coupling agent, antioxidant and ultraviolet stabilizer) can be increased, and the auxiliary agents are prevented from migrating to a bonding interface in the use process; the interlayer compatibility and the cohesiveness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12 and the polyvinyl butyral film layer 11 in the adhesive film can be increased, and the interlayer stripping and delamination problems can be effectively solved; and the crystallinity of POE can be reduced, increasing the light transmittance of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer 12, and further increasing the efficiency of the solar cell module 100.
The invention adopts polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer to prepare the layered co-extrusion adhesive film, which has lower cost compared with the pure PVB, and simultaneously has good transparency, impact resistance and excellent weather resistance.
According to the solar cell module 100, the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film 10 is adopted, all layers of the solar cell module 100 can be tightly adhered into a whole, the periphery of the module is sealed through the side surface sealing adhesive layer 50, PVB can be effectively prevented from being contacted with water in the air, protection and insulation of PVB are achieved, and PID effect of the module in the use process is reduced. The whole solar cell module 100 has the advantages of tight bonding and good sealing of each layer, can reduce the possibility of silver streaks generated when the module is impacted by the outside, improves the shock resistance of the module, and prolongs the service life of the module.
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples and comparative examples, which should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention.
Example 1:
1. Preparation of a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer:
The preparation raw materials of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer are as follows in parts by weight: 100 parts of POE resin, 0.1 part of dicumyl peroxide and 2.0 parts of maleic anhydride; the raw materials are prepared into the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer by adopting a melt grafting method at 185 ℃.
2. Preparing a modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film:
(1) The prepared grafting modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, a silane coupling agent, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:0.5:0.5:0.5 is added to a high speed mixer and melt blended to form a homogeneous mixture I.
(2) PVB, plasticizer, antioxidant and ultraviolet stabilizer are mixed according to the mass ratio of 100:30:0.5:0.5 is added into a high-speed mixer and is melt blended to form a uniform mixture II.
(3) And (3) putting the mixture I prepared in the step (1) and the mixture II prepared in the step (2) into a coextrusion film blowing machine, and coextrusion film blowing to obtain the modified polyvinyl butyral film with the three-layer structure. The three-layer co-extrusion adhesive film comprises a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer, a polyvinyl butyral film layer and a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer from top to bottom, wherein the thicknesses of the upper layer and the lower layer of grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer are controlled to be consistent, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is 100 mu m, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer is 200 mu m. The ultraviolet stabilizer adopts bis-2, 6-tetramethyl piperidinol sebacate. The antioxidant is as follows: dioctadecyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate: tris (2, 4-di-tert-butylphenyl) phosphite: dioctadecyl 3, 5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxybenzylphosphonate=3:1:1 (mass ratio).
3. Preparation of a solar cell module:
the solar cell module is prepared by adopting the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film:
(1) The layers were stacked in the following order: the front glass, the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, the N-type battery string, the modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film and the CPC backboard are sealed by placing polyisobutylene adhesive at a position 5cm away from the edge of the front glass.
(2) And (3) placing the solar cell module sealed in the step (1) at 140 ℃ for heating for 8min, vacuumizing to the vacuum degree of 250Pa, and applying 75kPa pressure to the module for hot pressing.
(3) And (3) heating the assembly subjected to the hot pressing in the step (2) to 170 ℃ to laminate the assembly, wherein the laminating pressure is 1.2MPa, and the laminating time is 12min.
(4) And cooling the laminated solar cell module to 25 ℃ to obtain a finished product of the solar cell module.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 1.
Example 2:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: in the preparation step of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the amount of maleic anhydride used was 4.0 parts.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 1.
Example 3:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 1, except that: in the preparation step of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the amount of maleic anhydride used was 6.0 parts.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 1.
Comparative example 1:
This comparative example is substantially identical to example 1, except that: the preparation of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is not performed, and the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is replaced with a conventional polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer in the preparation step of the polyvinyl butyral film.
The polyvinyl butyral films prepared in this comparative example were tested for volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass, and uv aging performance, humid heat aging performance and PID resistance performance of solar cell modules, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1
| Experimental items | Example 1 | Example 2 | Example 3 | Comparative example 1 | Testing standards or methods |
| Volume resistivity/(Ω. Cm) of the adhesive film | 8.5×1015 | 6.0×1015 | 5.6×1014 | 9.4×1015 | GB/T 1410-1989 |
| Transmittance of visible region of adhesive film | 91.5 | 92 | 86.5 | 90.5 | 380-800nm |
| Peel strength of adhesive film and glass (N/cm) | 158.5 | 167.2 | 170.6 | 126.2 | ASTM D903-98 |
| Pmax attenuation for ultraviolet aging test of component | 1.45％ | 1.95％ | 3.15％ | 1.20％ | 180kwh/m2 |
| Component wet heat aging Pmax decay | 5.60％ | 3.20％ | 4.80％ | 10.30％ | RH85％,85℃,2000h |
| Component PID resistance Pmax decay | 2.20％ | 1.50％ | 3.60％ | 2.50％ | -1500V,192h |
Comparison of the test data of examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 shows that: increasing the grafting amount of maleic anhydride in the film layer of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is beneficial to increasing the stripping force of the adhesive film and reducing the volume resistivity of the product, which is mainly caused by the fact that the bonding force between the adhesive film and the glass surface is enhanced and the dielectric constant of the material is reduced due to the fact that the content of polar groups (carboxyl groups) is increased. When the amount of maleic anhydride is 4.0 parts or less (as in examples 1 and 2), the light transmittance of the adhesive film increases; and when the amount of maleic anhydride reaches 6.0 parts, the transmittance thereof rapidly decreases. The reason for this is probably that when the amount of maleic anhydride is small, the grafting points are scattered, and the irregularity of the system molecules is increased, so that the crystallization of the system is reduced; when the amount of maleic anhydride is increased to 6.0 parts, grafting sites thereof are partially concentrated, thereby causing formation of a strong conjugated structure within or between molecular chains, resulting in rapid decrease in light transmittance.
With the increase of the grafting amount of maleic anhydride, the yellowing index of the assembly gradually increases after ultraviolet aging, which is mainly due to the increase of polar groups in POE, more ultraviolet light is absorbed in the aging process, and the aging of the adhesive film is accelerated. After the assembly is subjected to wet heat aging, the attenuation rate of the comparative example 1 is larger, and the attenuation rate is mainly due to the fact that the conventional POE has no polar groups, and the auxiliary agent can be transferred to the layers in the aging process. The anti-PID performance of the assembly is greatly enhanced, wherein the anti-PID performance of example 2 is the best; in example 3, the carboxyl groups are ionized to generate hydrogen ions under the action of water vapor and rapidly migrate under the action of voltage due to more grafted maleic anhydride, so that the PID resistance is reduced. In view of the above test results, the amount of maleic anhydride was 4.0 parts as the optimum grafting amount.
Example 4:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: in the preparation step of the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer was controlled to be 50 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer was controlled to be 300 μm.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 2.
Example 5:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: in the preparation step of the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer was controlled to be 60 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer was controlled to be 280 μm.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 2.
Example 6:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: in the preparation step of the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer was controlled to be 70 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer was controlled to be 260 μm.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 2.
Example 7:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: in the preparation step of the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer was controlled to be 80 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer was controlled to be 240 μm.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 2.
Example 8:
This embodiment is substantially the same as embodiment 2, except that: in the preparation step of the modified polyvinyl butyral film, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer was controlled to be 90 μm, and the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer was controlled to be 220 μm.
The volume resistivity, visible light transmittance and peel strength with glass of the modified polyvinyl butyral film prepared in this example, and ultraviolet aging performance, wet heat aging performance and PID resistance of the solar cell module were tested, and the test results and test methods are shown in table 2.
TABLE 2
Examples 4 to 8 examined the effect of the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer on the performance of co-modified adhesive films and components thereof. From its performance test data it can be found that: the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer has little influence on the resistivity, the light transmittance and the peeling strength of the adhesive film. However, after fabrication into a solar module, the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer has an important effect on the weatherability of the module.
From the test data in table 2, it can be seen that: when the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is gradually changed from 50 mu m to 70 mu m, the power attenuation of the component ultraviolet aging test, the damp heat aging test and the PID resistance test is gradually reduced; and when the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer exceeds 70. Mu.m, the film thickness has little influence on the aging property of the component.
The possible reasons for this are as follows: the molecular chain of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer does not contain a branched structure, and has good fluidity after lamination and melting, while PVB has poorer fluidity after melting due to the branched structure, and meanwhile, the molecular chain is softer, so that the thermal shrinkage is relatively larger in the lamination process, and POE melt can be pressed into shrinkage holes of PVB by external pressure in the shrinkage process; when the thickness of the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is thinner, the POE layer is relatively faster to solidify in the lamination process, and PVB is not filled up enough in the shrinkage left tiny holes, so that the power Pmax of the assembly is attenuated in the wet heat aging, ultraviolet aging and PID test processes.
The technical features of the above-described embodiments may be arbitrarily combined, and all possible combinations of the technical features in the above-described embodiments are not described for brevity of description, however, as long as there is no contradiction between the combinations of the technical features, they should be considered as the scope of the description.
The above examples illustrate only a few embodiments of the invention, which are described in detail and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. It should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several variations and modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention, which are all within the scope of the invention. The scope of the invention is therefore intended to be covered by the appended claims, and the description and drawings may be interpreted in accordance with the contents of the claims.
Claims (14)
1. The modified polyvinyl butyral film is characterized by comprising a polyvinyl butyral film and a grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer arranged on the surface of the polyvinyl butyral film; the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 6.0 portions of maleic anhydride.
2. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to claim 1, wherein the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the following preparation raw materials in parts by weight: 90-110 parts of polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer; 0.05 to 1.0 part of cross-linking agent; 2.0 to 4.0 parts of maleic anhydride.
3. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to claim 1, wherein the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is provided on both of opposite surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film layer.
4. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is 50 μm to 100 μm.
5. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to claim 4, wherein the thickness of the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer is 70 μm to 100 μm.
6. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5, wherein the thickness of the polyvinyl butyral film layer is 200 to 300 μm.
7. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to claim 6, wherein the polyvinyl butyral film layer has a thickness of 200 μm to 260 μm.
8. The modified polyvinyl butyral film according to any one of claims 1 to 3, 5, 7, wherein the modified polyvinyl butyral film satisfies at least one of the following (1) to (2):
(1) The hydroxyl value of the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer is 10-22%, and the melt index is 4-8 g/10min;
(2) The cross-linking agent is one or more of dicumyl peroxide, di (2, 4-dichlorobenzoyl peroxide), di (tert-butyl isopropyl peroxide) benzene and 2, 5-dimethyl-2, 5-bis (tert-butyl peroxy) hexane.
9. A method of making the modified polyvinyl butyral film of any one of claims 1 to 8, comprising the steps of:
melt blending the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, a silane coupling agent, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer to form a mixture I;
Melt blending polyvinyl butyral, a plasticizer, an antioxidant and an ultraviolet stabilizer to form a mixture II; and
And carrying out coextrusion film blowing on the mixture I and the mixture II.
10. The method for preparing a modified polyvinyl butyral film according to claim 9, wherein the method for preparing a graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer comprises the steps of:
mixing the polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer, the cross-linking agent and the maleic anhydride according to the proportion, and carrying out melt grafting at the temperature of 180-190 ℃.
11. A solar cell module, comprising: the solar cell comprises a front cover plate, a front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a solar cell, a back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, a back cover plate and a side sealing adhesive layer;
The front cover plate, the front modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film, the solar cell, the back modified polyvinyl butyral adhesive film and the back cover plate are sequentially laminated;
The side surface sealing glue layer seals the side surfaces of the solar cell, the front surface modified polyvinyl butyral glue film and the back surface modified polyvinyl butyral glue film;
Wherein the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film are both the modified polyvinyl butyral films of any one of claims 1 to 8, and the front side cover plate is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer in the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film, and the back side cover plate is in direct contact with the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer in the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film.
12. The solar cell assembly of claim 11, wherein at least one of the front cover plate and the back cover plate is a glass cover plate.
13. The solar module of claim 11 or 12, wherein the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film each comprise the polyvinyl butyral film layer with the graft modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layer disposed on only one of the surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film layer.
14. The solar module of claim 11 or 12, wherein the front side modified polyvinyl butyral film and the back side modified polyvinyl butyral film each comprise the polyvinyl butyral film having the grafted modified polyolefin thermoplastic elastomer film layers on opposite surfaces of the polyvinyl butyral film.
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| CN110885641A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-17 | 陕西工业职业技术学院 | High-performance PVB (polyvinyl butyral) adhesive film for packaging solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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| US7943845B2 (en) * | 2007-02-07 | 2011-05-17 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Solar cells encapsulated with poly(vinyl butyral) |
| CN109370478B (en) * | 2017-07-25 | 2021-09-03 | 杭州星庐科技有限公司 | Packaging composition, packaging adhesive film containing same and electronic device assembly |
| CN111117498B (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2022-04-29 | 江苏鹿山新材料有限公司 | Photo-thermal dual-curing POE (polyolefin elastomer) packaging adhesive film for photovoltaic and preparation method thereof |
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| CN106634702A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-05-10 | 宁波华顺太阳能科技有限公司 | Snail track-resistant POE solar energy packaging adhesive film and preparation method thereof |
| CN110885641A (en) * | 2019-12-16 | 2020-03-17 | 陕西工业职业技术学院 | High-performance PVB (polyvinyl butyral) adhesive film for packaging solar cell and preparation method thereof |
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