CN116199520A - Ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116199520A CN116199520A CN202310258851.5A CN202310258851A CN116199520A CN 116199520 A CN116199520 A CN 116199520A CN 202310258851 A CN202310258851 A CN 202310258851A CN 116199520 A CN116199520 A CN 116199520A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- fly ash
- ceramsite
- sio
- solid wastes
- recycling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 239000010881 fly ash Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 62
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 21
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000004480 active ingredient Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004566 building material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 45
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 42
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 30
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 27
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 25
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 23
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 22
- 239000010813 municipal solid waste Substances 0.000 description 19
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 19
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 15
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 14
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 13
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 10
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 9
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 8
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 6
- KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxin Chemical compound O1C=COC=C1 KVGZZAHHUNAVKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 description 5
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 208000035473 Communicable disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052612 amphibole Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002738 chelating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011278 co-treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002013 dioxins Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 208000015181 infectious disease Diseases 0.000 description 2
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000704 physical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052573 porcelain Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021646 siderite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013589 supplement Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 206010008631 Cholera Diseases 0.000 description 1
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005909 Kieselgur Substances 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004115 Sodium Silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 208000037386 Typhoid Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000700605 Viruses Species 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCMNWZWXVTUJPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[P].[S] Chemical compound [C].[P].[S] UCMNWZWXVTUJPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012211 aluminium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UJLAZCWHXKMWJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum calcium iron(2+) oxygen(2-) silicon(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2].[Fe+2].[Si+4].[Al+3] UJLAZCWHXKMWJN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum;sodium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[Na+].[Al+3] ANBBXQWFNXMHLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052661 anorthite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001570 bauxite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001748 carbonate mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001413 cellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003841 chloride salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001804 chlorine Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- -1 chlorine ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910001919 chlorite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052619 chlorite group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorous acid Chemical compound OCl=O QBWCMBCROVPCKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;calcium;disilicate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[Ca+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GWWPLLOVYSCJIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dialuminum;dioxosilane;oxygen(2-);hydrate Chemical compound O.[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3].O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O GUJOJGAPFQRJSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipotassium dioxosilane oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O--].[K+].[K+].O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O YGANSGVIUGARFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010433 feldspar Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001679 gibbsite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052598 goethite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010438 granite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005469 granulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003179 granulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000383 hazardous chemical Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000036541 health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011372 high-strength concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003837 high-temperature calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000001027 hydrothermal synthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxy(oxo)iron Chemical compound [O][Fe]O AEIXRCIKZIZYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052900 illite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000002458 infectious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000002484 inorganic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910010272 inorganic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(II,III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]O[Fe]=O SZVJSHCCFOBDDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000004792 malaria Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052901 montmorillonite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052863 mullite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052627 muscovite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L nonaaluminum;magnesium;tripotassium;1,3-dioxido-2,4,5-trioxa-1,3-disilabicyclo[1.1.1]pentane;iron(2+);oxygen(2-);fluoride;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[F-].[Mg+2].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[Al+3].[K+].[K+].[K+].[Fe+2].O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2.O1[Si]2([O-])O[Si]1([O-])O2 VGIBGUSAECPPNB-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000011022 opal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001858 part of experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005453 pelletization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005180 public health Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011028 pyrite Substances 0.000 description 1
- NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrite Chemical compound [Fe+2].[S-][S-] NIFIFKQPDTWWGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052683 pyrite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052611 pyroxene Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005067 remediation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012954 risk control Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001388 sodium aluminate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052911 sodium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium silicate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-][Si]([O-])=O NTHWMYGWWRZVTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009270 solid waste treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910001773 titanium mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000008297 typhoid fever Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000004017 vitrification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B38/00—Porous mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramic ware; Preparation thereof
- C04B38/009—Porous or hollow ceramic granular materials, e.g. microballoons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B33/00—Clay-wares
- C04B33/02—Preparing or treating the raw materials individually or as batches
- C04B33/13—Compounding ingredients
- C04B33/132—Waste materials; Refuse; Residues
- C04B33/135—Combustion residues, e.g. fly ash, incineration waste
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/656—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes characterised by specific heating conditions during heat treatment
- C04B2235/6567—Treatment time
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/65—Aspects relating to heat treatments of ceramic bodies such as green ceramics or pre-sintered ceramics, e.g. burning, sintering or melting processes
- C04B2235/66—Specific sintering techniques, e.g. centrifugal sintering
- C04B2235/661—Multi-step sintering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/74—Physical characteristics
- C04B2235/77—Density
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P40/00—Technologies relating to the processing of minerals
- Y02P40/60—Production of ceramic materials or ceramic elements, e.g. substitution of clay or shale by alternative raw materials, e.g. ashes
Abstract
The invention provides ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes and a preparation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of building materials. The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：40~70%，Al 2 O 3 ：10~20%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3~10%，CaO+MgO：2~15%，K 2 O+Na 2 O: 1.5-10%. Based on the technical scheme, on the basis of fully utilizing the dangerous waste fly ash, each performance of the ceramsite product meets the standard requirement of lightweight aggregate, and meanwhile, the strength of the ceramsite product is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and particularly relates to ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes and a preparation method thereof.
Background
Fly ash is the bottom ash settled at the bottom of a flue and a flue of a flue gas purification system of a household garbage incineration facility.
As known from the definition of fly ash, the main source of fly ash is waste from incineration of household garbage. The history of garbage incineration can be traced to the middle and later 19 th century, and is mainly used for public health and safety, and the objects of infectious viruses such as cholera, typhoid, malaria and the like possibly carried by infectious disease epidemic areas are incinerated to control the spread and transmission of infectious diseases. In a sense, the method is the earliest solid waste treatment engineering of garbage by using an incineration mode. The Nottingham market in 1874 united kingdom manufactured the first open hearth. Refuse incineration plants were built in succession in 1885 united states, 1896 germany, 1898 france. Because of the original technology at the time, the combustibility ratio is low, the environment pollution caused by the burning of a great amount of dense smoke and odor is quite serious, and the garbage burning is not a main treatment mode until the 60 th century.
With the development of technology, developed countries continue to present large mechanical fire grates and efficient flue gas purification systems composed of mechanical dust removal, electrostatic dust removal, washing technologies and the like. The incinerator is also transformed to various and automatic development, and the incineration efficiency and pollution control are greatly improved.
At present, the main disposal mode of domestic garbage in China is incineration power generation, and fly ash generated by incineration is dangerous waste which is difficult to treat.
Due to the continuous construction of household garbage incineration equipment in recent years, the generation of fly ash is correspondingly accelerated, a large amount of fly ash is stored up, and the problem of fly ash is solved, so that the problem is solved. There is a need for a scientific, advanced and thorough fly ash treatment method and means to protect the environment and prevent secondary pollution from refuse incineration.
In the prior art, CN1830885A discloses a ceramsite using waste incineration fly ash as a raw material and a preparation method thereof, wherein the raw material comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 20% -80% of fly ash, and the balance of clay; preparing a ceramsite product by proportioning, granulating and calcining at high temperature; the sintering temperature of the high-temperature calcination is 1000-1400 ℃.
CN113387715a discloses a method for preparing fly ash ceramsite with low sintering temperature. The preparation method of the fly ash ceramsite comprises the following steps: 1. and respectively drying and crushing fly ash, diatomite, soil and composite fluxing agent obtained by incinerating the garbage. 2. The fly ash is washed with water. 3. Diatomaceous earth is mixed with fly ash and subjected to a hydrothermal reaction. 4. And (3) mixing the fly ash mixture obtained in the step (III) with soil and a composite fluxing agent, rounding and granulating, and sintering at 900-1000 ℃.
CN111233505a discloses a method for preparing fly ash ceramsite by incinerating garbage. The method comprises the steps of incinerating fly ash by garbage, house soil and flint clay, wherein the percentage of the incinerated fly ash by garbage is more than or equal to 30% of the roadbed material, the rest is house soil and flint clay, and the percentage of the house soil and flint clay is more than or equal to 10% of the roadbed material. The preparation method comprises pulverizing the raw materials, mixing, adding water, drying, and sintering.
CN113213891a discloses a method for preparing ceramsite by utilizing waste incineration fly ash and the prepared ceramsite. The invention takes the waste incineration fly ash as the raw material, and limestone and high silicon substances are added, and the mass ratio of the main components is regulated and controlled: caO/SiO 2 ＝0.2～0.35，(SiO 2 +Al 2 O 3) /(CaO+Fe 2 O 3 +MgO) =5-8 to control the liquid phase yield during roasting, so as to raise the cylinder pressure strength of haydite and lower the roasting temperature. Uniformly mixing the waste incineration fly ash, limestone, high-silicon substances and water which meet the mass ratio of the components, pelletizing, drying, and roasting at 800-1200 ℃ for 5-30 min to obtain the ceramsite with excellent performance.
The technical proposal adopts the traditional raw materials such as clay, diatomite, mill soil, flint clay and/or limestone, and the like, wherein some raw material resources are scarce and not easy to obtain, so that the treatment of fly ash and the production and application popularization of fly ash ceramsite are obviously limited; in addition, the fly ash is washed, so that the difficulty of process treatment and the possibility of secondary pollution are increased.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the ceramsite produced by recycling the fly ash and other solid wastes, and on the basis of fully utilizing the hazardous waste fly ash, other solid wastes are scientifically matched, so that the ceramsite product meets the quality requirement of light aggregate, and meanwhile, the strength of the ceramsite product is improved.
The invention aims to solve the other technical problem of providing a method for producing ceramsite by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way aiming at the defects of the prior art.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
the ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：40~70%，Al 2 O 3 ：10~20%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3~10%，CaO+MgO：2~15%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：1.5~10%。
The active ingredients of the invention have the following functions in the ceramsite:
SiO 2 : the main strength material influences the temperature of the ceramic particle sintering expansion, and the mass percentage is preferably 40-70%. Too high a content can result in too high strength of the glass phase, too high burning and expanding temperature and poor expansion effect. Too low a content can result in the ceramsite not forming balls and being fragile.
Al 2 O 3 : the mass percentage is preferably 10-20%, the ceramic is fired to a certain temperature to form a glass phase, after the ceramic is cooled down, the excessive high alumina component can cause the material to be molten at an excessive high temperature, the insufficient strength of the glass phase can be caused by the excessive low content of the alumina component, and the ceramic is broken by bubbles, so that the ceramic is easy to crack and is not formed.
Fe 2 O 3 : the main foaming material reacts with the reducing substances in the materials to generate carbon dioxide, and the mass percentage is preferably 3-10%. If the content is too low, bubbles are fewer, and the sintered ceramsite has large volume and is not an expanded ceramsite. If the content is too high, the glass phase on the surface of the ceramsite in a molten state can be broken, so that the ceramsite is not formed.
CaO+MgO: mainly adjusts the melting temperature of the porcelain granules, and the melting temperature of the material is reduced when the content of the porcelain granules and the melting temperature of the material are increased. However, if the content of the two components is too high, the heavy metal ions react in the ceramsite to generate soluble heavy metal water-soluble salt, so that the preferable content range is 2-15%.
K 2 O+Na 2 O: the main effects of the magnesium oxide are similar to those of calcium oxide and magnesium oxide, the corresponding effects are stronger, and the preferable content range is 1.5-10%.
Furthermore, on the basis of the effective components, the invention takes the fly ash of dangerous wastes as a principle, selects the solid wastes and the fly ash to be matched as raw materials for preparing the ceramsite, and the solid wastes are preferably one or more than two of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag.
The physical properties and effects of the above raw materials used in the present invention were analyzed as follows:
fly ash: fly ash is the bottom ash settled at the bottom of a flue and a flue of a flue gas purification system of a household garbage incineration facility. The yield and quality of fly ash are related to the garbage type, incineration conditions, incinerator type and flue gas treatment process. The main heavy metals in fly ash are: lead, copper, cadmium, chromium, zinc and other elements. The fly ash contains a large amount of chlorine Cl element, mainly CaCl 2 Is collected in the fly ash, contributes to the formation of a vitreous phase, and is advantageous for molten vitrification. CaCl (CaCl) 2 Only 772 ℃ above the melting point, and volatilize. The excessive Cl element can cause the increase of the flue gas amount at high temperature, and increase the load of flue gas treatment. There are large differences in the composition levels of fly ash in different regions. Taking fly ash in the Luoyang area as an example, the main composition of the fly ash is as follows: siO (SiO) 2 2.0~6.0%，Al 2 O 3 0.5~2%，Fe 2 O 3 0.1~2.0%，CaO+MgO40~50%，K 2 O+Na 2 O5-20%, wherein the content of CaO and MgO is seriously beyond the content value required by firing the ceramsite. And Al is 2 O 3 、Fe 2 O 3 、SiO 2 These main substances are very few and cannot meet the firing requirements of the ceramsite.
Molybdenum ore tailings: molybdenum is about 0.1% of mine content, and other components are separated into molybdenum ore tailings. Molybdenum ores have a "mountain man" metaphor. Therefore, the molybdenum ore tailings are rich in solid waste, and are solid waste materials which are relatively easy to obtain in the Yuxi region. The chemical composition of the molybdenum mine tailings varies from region to region. By way of example, molybdenum ore tailings contain a relatively high content of SiO 2 、Fe 2 O 3 And CaO, typically consisting essentially of: siO (SiO) 2 40~55%，Al 2 O 3 5~6%，Fe 2 O 3 10~20%，CaO+MgO15~30%，K 2 O+Na 2 O1-2.5% is an important material for forming a ceramic glass phase and is an important framework material in the ceramic forming process.
Coal gangue: the gangue is solid waste discharged in the coal mining process and the coal washing process, and is a hard rock which is formed by organic and inorganic compounds deposited together with a coal bed in the coal forming process. The gangue mineral composition is complex and mainly comprises substances such as kaolin, quartz, illite, montmorillonite, limestone, alumina and the like, and the main component is Al 2 O 3 、SiO 2 In addition, fe is contained in different amounts 2 O 3 、CaO、MgO、Na 2 O、K 2 O、SO 3 And trace rare elements, al in gangue 2 O 3 、SiO 2 、Fe 2 O 3 The total content is above 80%, and the main composition of the composition is as follows: siO (SiO) 2 40~55%，Al 2 O 3 20~30%，Fe 2 O 3 2.0~3.5%，CaO+MgO0.5~2.0%，K 2 O+Na 2 O is 1.5-3.0%. Because of the relatively high organic content, the loss on ignition is large. The invention selects gangue as fly ash haydite material, which mainly contains a large amount of SiO 2 And a very small amount of oxide, which can be beneficial to supplementing the framework material formed by the ceramsite. And the medicine is available in a large amount in the Yuxi area.
Stone powder: the stone powder is fine particle solid waste which is generated in the cutting and polishing processes of stone and is smaller than 0.16 mm. The main components are carbonate minerals (calcite, dolomite) and granite minerals (quartz, feldspar, amphibole, pyroxene, mica, etc.). Stone powderMost of them are sediments and have high water content. Stone powder contains a large amount of SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 And less oxide, which, illustratively, consists essentially of: siO (SiO) 2 60~75%，Al 2 O 3 10~20%，Fe 2 O 3 0.1~1.0%，CaO+MgO1.0~2.0%，K 2 O+Na 2 O6.0-7.0%; the material can be supplemented, the compressive strength of the fly ash ceramsite is ensured, and the defect of the framework material can be fully supplemented.
Graphite tailings: the graphite tailings are tailings discharged in the graphite exploitation process, and the main mineral components comprise microclinite, quartz and muscovite, and contain a small amount of amphibole, hematite, chlorite and residual graphite from ore dressing. The graphite tailings mainly comprise SiO 2 50~80%，Al 2 O 3 5-20%, and a certain amount of MgO 0.5-10%, fe 2 O 3 0.1~10.0%，CaO0.1~5.0%，Na 2 O0.1~5%，K 2 O1-7%, which are the essential components for preparing the ceramsite; there are some differences in the composition content of graphite tailings in different regions, but still in SiO 2 、Al 2 O 3 Mainly, the contents of other components are different, and a small amount of other raw materials can be added to adjust and obtain proper ceramsite proportion.
Red mud: red mud is an industrial solid waste discharged when alumina is extracted in the aluminum production industry, the mineral composition is very complex, the main minerals are aragonite and calcite, the main minerals are opal, gibbsite and goethite, and the contents of titanium minerals, siderite, sodium silicate, sodium aluminate and caustic soda are low. Of these minerals, aragonite, calcite and siderite play a role both as a framework and as a cementing role. The main chemical components of the red mud consist of more than 60 percent of Al in the total amount of the red mud 2 O 3 、CaO、SiO 2 CaO/MgO=15-40%, about 15% of Fe 2 O 3 And Na (Na) 2 O. The difference of component content can be caused by the different bauxite, production process and storage years selected for producing the red mud.
Dredging sludge: the dredging sludge is a mud-water mixture produced by dredging sediment of water bodies such as rivers, lakes, sea openings and the like, and is mainlyThe component is SiO 2 And Al 2 O 3 Equal oxide, the content of which is 40-73.6 percent and 10.1-20.3 percent, wherein more than 67 percent of SiO in the sludge 2 The content is more than 60 percent, and simultaneously contains a certain amount of Na 2 O、K 2 O, caO, mgO, etc.
Slag: refers to waste residue (ash) discharged by industrial and civil boilers and other equipment for burning coal or other fuels, and the main chemical component of the waste residue (ash) is SiO 2 40~50%、Al 2 O 3 30~35%、Fe 2 O 3 4-20% of CaO and 1-5%. The mineral composition mainly comprises: anorthite, quartz, mullite, magnetite and pyrite, and a large number of siliceous glass bodies (Al 2 O 3 ·2SiO 2 ) And active SiO 2 Active Al 2 O 3 And a small amount of unburnt coal, etc.
In the invention, the fly ash provides a fluxing substance, and the sintering temperature is reduced; the molybdenum ore tailings mainly provide a framework material for forming a glass phase; the gangue and/or red mud and/or slag provide Al which acts as a skeletal support material and ensures ceramsite strength 2 O 3 And is beneficial to supplement with SiO 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The stone dust, graphite tailings and/or slag provide mainly the SiO required for the vitreous phase 2 And is beneficial to supplement with Al 2 O 3 The components are used for balancing the defects of other material components; the dredged silt particles are fine and are favorable for being matched with fly ash, and the ultra-light ceramsite is roasted.
The ceramsite is prepared from 0.1-30% of fly ash and the balance of solid waste, wherein the solid waste is one or a combination of more than two of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag.
Preferably, the mass percentage of the fly ash is 10-20%.
Preferably, the solid waste is a composition of at least one of stone powder, molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag, which is beneficial to preparing the high-strength lightweight aggregate.
Preferably, the solid waste is a combination of dredging sludge and at least one of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud and slag, which is beneficial to preparing ultra-light aggregate.
The invention also provides a method for producing the ceramsite by recycling the fly ash and other solid wastes, which comprises the steps of metering and stirring raw materials, granulating, roasting, cooling, screening and warehousing finished products.
As a preferable scheme, the metering and stirring are as follows: providing fly ash and solid waste, and automatically metering according to the weight ratio of each raw material, wherein the error is not more than 1%; after metering, the fly ash is respectively conveyed into a high-speed homogenizing device, and the fly ash cannot be conveyed in a naked way; the water content of the homogenized material is controlled to be 17+/-3 percent.
As a preferred embodiment, the granulation is: and (3) granulating by adopting a pair of rollers, wherein the diameter is controlled to be 10-15 mm.
As a preferred scheme, the roasting is as follows: roasting by adopting a plug-in rotary kiln.
Further preferably, the roasting process and parameters thereof include: preheating for 30-40 min at 200-600 ℃; or, preheating for 25-32 min at 150-400 ℃.
Further preferably, the roasting process and parameters thereof further include: firing at 600-1100 ℃ for 25-35 min, and firing at 1100-1200 ℃ for 12-18 min;
or firing at 400-800 ℃ for 25-35 min and at 800-1150 ℃ for 15-20 min.
Preferably, the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating for 30-40 min at 200-600 ℃, firing for 25-35 min at 600-1100 ℃ and firing for 12-18 min at 1100-1200 ℃;
alternatively, the roasting process and parameters thereof include: preheating for 25-32 min at 150-400 ℃, firing for 25-35 min at 400-800 ℃ and firing for 15-20 min at 800-1150 ℃.
Preferably, the cooling is as follows: cooling the product in a cooling kiln for 20-30 min after the product is taken out of the kiln
As a preferred scheme, the screening is as follows: and screening the products into corresponding models according to model standards and entering corresponding stores.
As a preferable scheme, the finished product is put in storage for inspection and sample reservation, and is packaged and put in storage.
The invention also provides application of the fly ash ceramsite in the field of building materials.
In the national hazardous waste directory, the categories of fly ash are: the HW18 incinerates and disposes residues, and the industrial sources are: the environmental remediation industry, the waste codes are: 772-002-18, dangerous properties: t (Toxicity).
The harm of fly ash is ultimately a hazard to human health. The high chlorine content is one of the most obvious characteristics of the fly ash in China, and also brings certain difficulty to the treatment and disposal of the fly ash, because many treatment processes are greatly interfered by chlorine. Acidic substances such as hydrogen chloride generated by burning and decomposing chlorine-containing plastics and the like in the household garbage react with alkaline substances in the flue gas purification system, the resultant enters the fly ash, and salt and the like in the kitchen garbage are also finally enriched in the fly ash. The chlorine content in the fly ash is up to more than 20%, and the chlorine element in the fly ash mainly exists in the form of soluble chlorine salt, such as sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium chloride and the like.
On the other hand, the fly ash has complex components and contains calcium-silicon-aluminum-iron oxide, chloride salt, carbon-sulfur-phosphorus elements and the like besides toxic and harmful substances such as heavy metals, dioxin and the like. And the fluctuation is large, the content of each substance (element) in the fly ash can generate large fluctuation along with the changes of the household garbage components, seasons, incineration conditions, flue gas purification levels and the like, and great difficulty is brought to the treatment and disposal of the fly ash.
The fly ash in China has high yield, is rich in heavy metals and dioxins, and has high volatile chlorine elements. Based on the basic properties of fly ash and the main way of risk control, the domestic fly ash treatment at present mainly has two technical routes of landfill disposal and building material utilization.
1. Landfill disposal: landfill treatment is to add a chelating agent to solidify harmful substances and then to fill the soil. The technology is relatively mature, has a short flow, and can effectively cut off the exposure path of pollutants, thereby achieving the aim of minimizing the environmental risk. Landfill has thus been the mainstay of technology for fly ash treatment, with wide acceptance and application. However, landfill treatment has a lot of defects, such as occupation of a large amount of land resources, no secondary treatment of wastewater and waste gas in innocent treatment, and various legacy problems such as heavy metal and dioxin leaching risks. More serious, because the garbage incineration plants are scattered, the supervision difficulty of the landfill process is high, and the garbage incineration plants are for controlling the cost, whether the chelating agent can be added and the landfill can be carried out in a standardized manner is questionable. Thus, landfill disposal is only a expedient.
2. And (3) building material utilization: cement kiln co-treatment: the chemical components contained in the fly ash are similar to cement materials, and the academic community begins to discuss, and the fly ash is used for replacing the cement materials to realize the recycling utilization. According to related experiments, after the fly ash is subjected to innocent treatment, the fly ash is used for preparing high-strength concrete, so that the seepage amount of heavy metals can be controlled. Cement and fly ash are mixed and prepared according to a certain proportion, and the mixture which is finally and uniformly stirred can be used for roadbed filling, so that the basic requirement of the standard on the filling can be met. The cement kiln is cooperatively treated, and after implementation, the treatment capacity is small, the landfill mode is needed for cooperative treatment, and in addition, the collection and treatment of wastewater and waste gas are difficult in harmless treatment. In addition, the influence of fly ash on cement performance is extremely large, the control of the amount of the fly ash input is required to be very accurate, and the existing cement production process cannot be satisfied. Meanwhile, the risk of leaching heavy metals and dioxins exists, and after the life of a building constructed by using the cement containing fly ash expires, the construction waste is inevitably complicated and heavy to treat.
Sintering and melting: the existing sintering technology is to mix the washed fly ash with other corresponding substances and sinter the mixture at high temperature to form the building lightweight aggregate. Sintering has similar advantages as cement kiln co-treatment. However, because the amount of sintering flue gas is relatively small, if heavy metals are "deliberately" driven into the flue gas during the sintering process and recycled or treated, heavy metal transfer or dilution can be avoided.
The melting is to melt the fly ash at a higher temperature than sintering, then solidify the fly ash into a glass body, and the heavy metal is trapped after the heavy metal is mostly volatilized into the flue gas, and the heavy metal is fixed in the mineral structure of the glass body in a small part, but the problems are that the process equipment is complex, the energy consumption is high and the cost is high.
Ceramsite as light aggregateThe composite material has the advantages of low density, high barrel pressure strength, high porosity, heat preservation, corrosion resistance, good shock resistance, good freezing resistance, alkali aggregate reaction resistance and the like. The remarkable characteristics are that the inner cellular multi-closed cell structure and the outer glaze are formed. During high-temperature firing, various substances are subjected to chemical reaction to generate partial gas, and the materials are melted at high temperature under the action of the auxiliary melting component to form a gas expansion barrier, so that a uniform closed pore system is formed. At present, two main substances exist for firing expansion, one is Fe 2 O 3 And other oxides generate bubbles through high temperature to generate expansion factors; and the second is that the inorganic carbon-based material in the proportioning material expands.
The main characteristics of the ceramsite determine the characteristics of the ceramsite, and the ceramsite has close relation to the formation of pores in both a drying stage and a roasting stage, and the control of each stage needs repeated tests and adjustment, so that the finished ceramsite has better performance and higher yield.
In the preparation of the ceramsite, the whole temperature control mainly comprises the following steps: 1. in the preheating stage, the moisture of the ceramic green body is evaporated and organic matters are decomposed; 2. in the firing stage, bubbles are generated and a liquid phase is formed, and the existence of the liquid phase is helpful for melting and solidifying heavy metal elements in the waste incineration fly ash; 3. and in the cooling stage, the ceramic green body is mainly controlled to be sintered into a qualified finished product on the basis of heat of heated radiation and heat conduction in a kiln.
Specifically, the preheating stage is slowly heated, the main purpose is to remove water, prevent the green body from bursting, and ensure the integrity of the green body; after the preheating stage, the material enters a firing stage, the temperature rises rapidly and is heated uniformly, and the material expansion is facilitated; along with the continuous rising of the temperature, a large amount of gas overflows to form pressure, so that the blank body is promoted to expand to form uniform closed-cell bubbles, the temperature is strictly controlled in the stage, and the bonding or clamping phenomenon is easy to occur due to the narrower foaming ball temperature zone; after the roasting stage is finished, the product enters a cooling stage, and is cooled to room temperature (25+/-5 ℃).
In the invention, the firing temperature of the fly ash ceramsite is 1100-1200 ℃, the retention time is proper, and dioxin at the moment is thoroughly decomposed; in the cooling stage, when the temperature is reduced to 300-500 ℃, chlorine ions and other components in the flue gas are synthesized into dioxin again, and the dioxin enters the flue gas for routine purification and can be discharged at high altitude.
Through a large number of experiments, the invention adopts the manufacturing process to fire qualified products, and proves that the material proportion is reasonable and the roasting temperature control interval is proper.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention takes the hazardous waste fly ash as the raw material, is matched with proper solid waste, and is manufactured into the ceramsite product through the firing process, so that the ceramsite product meets the relevant standard specification of lightweight aggregate on the basis of fully utilizing the fly ash, and the adverse effect of the hazardous substances in the fly ash on the ceramsite product is effectively avoided.
Compared with the chelating solidification landfill treatment, the method avoids the hidden danger of pollution of harmful substances such as waste water, waste gas and the like and the occupation of a large amount of land resources; compared with a method for cooperatively disposing fly ash in a cement kiln, the method does not need a water washing process, has low input cost, no secondary pollution and stable product quality; the invention also innovates in the aspect of raw materials, and is completely different from the traditional sintering using clay and shale as raw materials, and can completely utilize fly ash and other solid wastes; the ceramsite of the invention has wide application, and can be prepared into self-insulation building blocks, lightweight aggregate concrete, assembled building components, heat-insulation materials, filter materials, culture stone, sound-insulation plates and the like.
Generally, the soluble chlorine content in the fly ash is 18 to 25wt%. The content of soluble chlorine in the ceramsite prepared by utilizing the fly ash is lower than 2 weight percent, which accords with the specification of HJ1134 'technical Specification for pollution control of household garbage incineration fly ash'; the chloride content (calculated by mass of chloride ions) is lower than 0.02wt%, which accords with GB/T17431.1 light aggregate and the first part of the test method thereof: light aggregate.
The fly ash ceramsite prepared by the method is rich in resources, and materials are easy to obtain for preparation, so that ' hazardous waste + solid waste = novel green building materials ' are achieved, and all indexes meet ' light aggregate and first part of experimental method: the specification of the lightweight aggregate GB/T17431.1-2010 can be used for preparing lightweight aggregates or high-strength lightweight aggregates with different density grades of 300-800 kg/m, and the barrel pressure strength, the water absorption rate, the softening coefficient, the boiling quality loss, the loss on ignition, the sulfide and sulfate content, the chloride content (measured by chloride ions) and the radioactivity all meet the standard specification; compared with the existing fly ash ceramsite, the strength is more remarkable under the same density level.
Detailed Description
For a better understanding of the present invention, the following examples are set forth to further illustrate the invention, but are not to be construed as limiting the invention. In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details.
The fly ash ceramsite is prepared from 0.1-30% of fly ash and solid waste, wherein the balance is the solid waste, and the solid waste is one or a combination of more than two of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag.
As a preferable scheme, the mass percentage of the fly ash is selected to be 10-20%, and the balance is solid waste.
For solid waste, one can choose: the combination of the molybdenum ore tailings, the coal gangue and the stone powder, wherein the mass percentage of the molybdenum ore tailings, the coal gangue and the stone powder in the solid waste can be any value of 0.1-99.9%%;
or the combination of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder and slag, wherein the mass percentage of the molybdenum ore tailings, the coal gangue, the stone powder and the slag in the solid waste can be any value of 0.1-99.9%;
or the combination of stone powder and dredging sludge, wherein the mass percentage of the stone powder and the dredging sludge in the solid waste can be any value of 0.1-99.9%;
or the combination of slag, stone powder and red mud, wherein the mass percentage of the slag, the stone powder and the red mud in the solid waste can be any value of 0.1-99.9%.
In all examples shown and discussed herein, any specific values should be construed as merely illustrative, and not a limitation. Thus, other examples of the exemplary embodiments may have different values.
Example 1
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：50.03%，Al 2 O 3 ：16.39%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3.57%，CaO+MgO：9.73%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：4.77%；
The method for producing the ceramsite by utilizing the fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the steps of metering and stirring raw materials, granulating, roasting, cooling, screening and warehousing finished products, wherein:
metering and stirring: 10 parts by weight of fly ash, 20 parts by weight of molybdenum ore tailings, 40 parts by weight of coal gangue and 30 parts by weight of stone powder are provided, and the automatic metering is carried out according to the weight ratio of the raw materials, so that the error is not more than 1%; after metering, the fly ash is respectively conveyed into a high-speed homogenizing device, and the fly ash cannot be conveyed in a naked way; the water content of the homogenized material is controlled to be 17+/-3 percent;
granulating: granulating by adopting a pair of rollers, wherein the diameter is controlled to be 10-15 mm;
roasting: roasting by adopting a plug-in rotary kiln, wherein the process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 200 ℃ for 40min; firing at 600 ℃ for 30min; continuously firing at 1100 ℃ for 15min;
and (3) cooling: cooling the product in a cooling kiln for 23min after the product is taken out of the kiln;
and (3) screening: and screening the products into corresponding models according to model standards and entering corresponding stores.
And (5) warehousing finished products: checking, bagging and warehousing.
Example 2
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：48.29%，Al 2 O 3 ：19.03%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3.07%，CaO+MgO：9.09%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：5.72%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 15 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of molybdenum ore tailings, 40 parts of coal gangue, 30 parts of stone powder and 5 parts of slag.
The preparation method is different from that of the example 1: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 300 ℃ for 38min; firing at 700 ℃ for 32min; the firing was continued at 1100℃for 18min.
Example 3
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：44.62%，Al 2 O 3 ：12.01%，Fe 2 O 3 ：9.89%，CaO+MgO：12.59%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：7.92%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 20 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of stone powder and 70 parts of dredging sludge.
The preparation process differs from that of example 1 in that: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 400 ℃ for 35min; firing at 850 ℃ for 30min; firing was continued at 1130℃for 15min.
Example 4
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：40.23%，Al 2 O 3 ：15.13%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3.02%，CaO+MgO：14.96%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：8.81%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 30 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of coal gangue, 20 parts of stone powder, 5 parts of graphite tailings and 10 parts of dredging sludge.
The preparation method is different from that of the example 1: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 500 ℃ for 32min; firing at 930 ℃ for 30min; firing is continued at 1150 ℃ for 15min.
Example 5
A haydite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes as resources, its active components and mass percentThe composition of the ratio is as follows: siO (SiO) 2 ：60.92%，Al 2 O 3 ：14.09%，Fe 2 O 3 ：4.15%，CaO+MgO：4.64%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：6.07%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 5 parts of fly ash, 5 parts of molybdenum ore tailings, 75 parts of stone powder, 10 parts of graphite tailings and 5 parts of red mud.
The preparation method is different from that of the example 1: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 600 ℃ for 30min; firing at 1000 ℃ for 27min; firing is continued at 1170 ℃ for 13min.
Example 6
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：45.05%，Al 2 O 3 ：11.53%，Fe 2 O 3 ：6.92%，CaO+MgO：14.65%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：5.73%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 12 parts of fly ash, 30 parts of molybdenum ore tailings, 10 parts of slag, 3 parts of graphite tailings and 45 parts of dredging sludge;
the preparation method is different from that of the example 1: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 600 ℃ for 35min; firing at 1100 ℃ for 25min; the firing is continued at 1200 ℃ for 15min.
Example 7
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：40.12%，Al 2 O 3 ：13.07%，Fe 2 O 3 ：7.23%，CaO+MgO：12.90%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：9.83%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 25 parts of fly ash and 75 parts of dredging sludge;
the preparation method is different from that of the example 2: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 150 ℃ for 32min; firing at 400 ℃ for 35min; the firing is continued at 800 ℃ for 20min.
Example 8
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：67.50%，Al 2 O 3 ：10.12%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3.41%，CaO+MgO：2.97%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：1.71%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 30 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of coal gangue, 40 parts of stone powder and 20 parts of graphite tailings;
the preparation method is different from that of the example 3: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 160 ℃ for 30min; firing at 500 ℃ for 32min; the firing is continued at 900 ℃ for 18min.
Example 9
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：57.23%，Al 2 O 3 ：12.35%，Fe 2 O 3 ：9.01%，CaO+MgO：8.24%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：3.01%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 25 parts of fly ash, 35 parts of stone powder, 10 parts of red mud and 30 parts of dredging sludge;
the preparation method is different from that of the example 4: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 300 ℃ for 27min; firing at 650 ℃ for 30min; the firing is continued at 1000 ℃ for 16min.
Example 10
The ceramsite produced by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：59.71%，Al 2 O 3 ：11.03%，Fe 2 O 3 ：5.11%，CaO+MgO：4.07%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：3.84%，
The raw materials of the composition are as follows: 20 parts of fly ash, 10 parts of molybdenum ore tailings, 20 parts of slag, 20 parts of graphite tailings and 30 parts of dredging sludge;
the preparation method is different from that of the example 5: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: preheating and drying at 400 ℃ for 25min; firing at 800 ℃ for 25min; firing is continued at 1150 ℃ for 15min.
The following is a comparative example.
Comparative example 1
The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes takes the fly ash as raw materials, and comprises the following active ingredients in percentage by mass: siO (SiO) 2 ：4.52%，Al 2 O 3 ：1.02%，Fe 2 O 3 ：0.72%，CaO+MgO：45.21%，K 2 O+Na 2 O:17.4%; the preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Experiments show that the fly ash can not be independently prepared into the formed ceramsite, so that the related index detection can not be performed.
Comparative example 2
A ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes, which is different from example 1 in that: the active ingredients and the mass percentages thereof are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 ：35.2%，Al 2 O 3 ：15.21%，Fe 2 O 3 ：5.31%，CaO+MgO：25.24%，K 2 O+Na 2 O:3.45%; the preparation method is the same as in example 1.
Comparative example 3
The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes is different from example 2 in that: the roasting process and parameters thereof are that the roasting is carried out for 15min under the condition of 1200 ℃.
Comparative example 4
The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes is different from example 2 in that: preheating and drying the roasting process steps and parameters at 500 ℃ for 30min; heating to 1100 ℃ and continuously firing for 30min.
Next, the content of the evaluation test will be described.
The detection items, index requirements and reference standards are shown in the following table:
for the fly ash ceramsite prepared in the above examples 1 to 4 and comparative examples 2 to 4, the test was carried out according to the regulations, the results were averaged, and the detection results are shown in the following table:
the results show that all indexes of the fly ash ceramsite prepared by the method meet the requirements of the first part of lightweight aggregate and experimental method: the related regulations of the lightweight aggregate GB/T17431.1-2010 can prepare lightweight aggregates with different density grades, and the cylinder pressure strength of the ceramsite can reach the requirement of high-strength lightweight aggregates under the same density grade, thus representing remarkable progress.
Comparative example 2 compared with example 1, siO 2 The content is reduced, the content of CaO and MgO is increased, and the prepared ceramsite product is 700kg/m 3 Under the grade density, the barrel pressure strength does not meet the index requirement of high-strength lightweight aggregate, namely, the barrel pressure strength is less than 5.0, and the softening coefficient and the boiling mass loss rate are reduced. The ceramsite product prepared according to comparative example 3 also had a cylinder pressure strength not satisfying 800kg/m 3 The index requirement of the high-strength lightweight aggregate under the grade density is that the water absorption, the softening coefficient and the boiling quality loss rate are obviously deteriorated. The ceramsite product prepared according to comparative example 4 has improved indexes compared with comparative example 3, but has obvious differences from example 2 in the whole and the cylinder pressure degree does not meet 800kg/m 3 Index requirements of high-strength lightweight aggregate under grade density.
Therefore, the effective components of the fly ash ceramsite are scientifically and reasonably matched, the preparation process and the components are good in matching, and the ceramsite product with excellent performance is finally obtained, and especially the strength of the ceramsite can be synergistically improved.
The ceramsite product prepared by the invention can be used as light aggregate or high-strength light aggregate, and is used for preparing self-heat-insulation building blocks, light aggregate concrete, assembled building components, heat-insulation materials, filter materials, culture stone, sound-insulation plates and the like, and the ceramsite product is wide in application range.
In addition, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that although many problems exist in the prior art, each embodiment or technical solution of the present invention may be modified in only one or several respects, without having to solve all technical problems listed in the prior art or the background art at the same time. Those skilled in the art will understand that nothing in one claim should be taken as a limitation on that claim.
Finally, it is noted that the above-mentioned embodiments are merely for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and that other modifications and equivalents thereof by those skilled in the art should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes is characterized in that: the active ingredients and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 ：40~70%，Al 2 O 3 ：10~20%，Fe 2 O 3 ：3~10%，CaO+MgO：2~15%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：1.5~10%。
2. The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 1, wherein the ceramsite is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that: the active ingredients and the mass percentages of the components are as follows: siO (SiO) 2 ：40~55%，Al 2 O 3 ：12~18%，Fe 2 O 3 ：4~9%，CaO+MgO：5~12%，K 2 O+Na 2 O：2~7%。
3. A ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes is characterized in that: the fly ash is prepared from 0.1-30% by mass of fly ash and the balance of solid waste;
preferably, the mass percentage of the fly ash is 10-20%.
4. A ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 3, wherein: the solid waste is at least one of molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag.
5. The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 4, wherein the ceramsite is characterized in that: the solid waste is a composition of at least one of stone powder, molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, graphite tailings, red mud, dredging sludge and slag.
6. The ceramsite produced by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 4, wherein the ceramsite is characterized in that: the solid waste is a combination of at least one of dredging sludge, molybdenum ore tailings, coal gangue, stone powder, graphite tailings, red mud and slag.
7. A method for producing ceramsite by utilizing fly ash and other solid wastes in a recycling way is characterized in that: the method comprises the steps of metering and stirring raw materials, granulating, roasting, cooling, screening and warehousing finished products;
preferably, the roasting process and parameters thereof include: preheating at 200-600 ℃ for 30-40 min; or, preheating for 25-32 min at 150-400 ℃.
8. The method for producing ceramsite by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the roasting process and parameters thereof comprise: firing at 600-1100 ℃ for 25-35 min; continuously firing at 1100-1200 ℃ for 2-10 min;
or firing at 400-800 ℃ for 25-35 min and at 800-1150 ℃ for 15-20 min.
9. The method for producing ceramsite by recycling fly ash and other solid wastes according to claim 7, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and the cooling is carried out by cooling the product in a cooling kiln after the product is discharged from the kiln, wherein the cooling time is 20-30 min.
10. Use of the ceramsite according to any one of claims 1 to 6 or the ceramsite obtained by the method for producing ceramsite according to any one of claims 7 to 9 in building materials.
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