CN116197534A - Laser welding method and laser welding processing technology - Google Patents
Laser welding method and laser welding processing technology Download PDFInfo
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- CN116197534A CN116197534A CN202310503697.3A CN202310503697A CN116197534A CN 116197534 A CN116197534 A CN 116197534A CN 202310503697 A CN202310503697 A CN 202310503697A CN 116197534 A CN116197534 A CN 116197534A
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- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 362
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 80
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 50
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 title abstract description 13
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 230000008713 feedback mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000008685 targeting Effects 0.000 claims description 40
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 38
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 82
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005493 welding type Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000007817 Olea europaea Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/20—Bonding
- B23K26/21—Bonding by welding
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
- B23K26/702—Auxiliary equipment
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K37/00—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups
- B23K37/04—Auxiliary devices or processes, not specially adapted to a procedure covered by only one of the preceding main groups for holding or positioning work
Abstract
The invention discloses a laser welding method and a laser welding processing technology, which relate to the field of processing of 3C communication electronic products and aim to solve the problems that the existing laser welding metal piece processing production data is not timely fed back, the laser welding technological parameters cannot be timely adjusted, and a large number of unqualified or scrapped products are easy to appear, and the technical scheme is as follows: the welding device is provided with a feedback mechanism for collecting and feeding back parameters of a welded product, a numerical control mechanism for connecting and controlling laser welding equipment, the production parameters of the welded product can be collected through the feedback mechanism and converted into control signals according to the production parameters, and the numerical control mechanism is used for controlling the laser welding equipment to automatically correct processing actions so as to improve technological parameters. The invention can improve the processing precision and efficiency of the welding parts and effectively prevent the products from being unqualified or scrapped in batches.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of laser welding, in particular to a laser welding method and a laser welding processing technology.
Background
The laser welding is an important part processing technology on 3C (namely, the combination of a Computer (Computer), communication (Communication) and a consumer electronic product (Consumer Electronics)) Communication electronic products, and is mainly used for compounding the connecting function between a welding piece with an elastic function and a bearing structural part (a welded main part), so that the welded welding product has multiple composite functions, and the functional requirement of the 3C Communication electronic product on an elastic electronic contact is met.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the welded article 3 includes a welded main member 1 and at least one welded member 2, wherein an end portion of the welded member 2 (e.g., an elastic member) is bent to a certain shape, and a fixing hole is provided in a middle position of the welded main member 1.
When the solder 3 is mounted on a 3C communication electronic product, the cross-position portion of the soldered main part 1 and the elastic member need to be fixed. Because the position and the outline of the electronic contact on the elastic member have a certain three-dimensional difference relative to the cross-position part of the rod body, the high precision requirement of laser welding can be ensured, and the electronic contact on the elastic member can be fixed at a specified position when the electronic contact is fixed on the welded main member 1.
Most of the existing laser welding production and processing modes are as follows: firstly, processing a welded product 3, and then placing the welded product 3 in a detection tool for detection; if the detection is passed, judging that the product is qualified and entering the next link; if the detection is not passed, judging that the welding product is an unqualified product, then placing the welding product on a correction device for correction, detecting the welding product after the correction is finished, and entering the next link after the welding product 3 is detected to be qualified.
When the welded product 3 is manufactured in the above manner, the electronic contact parameters on the elastic member of the welded product 3 cannot be output in time, and the parameters of the processing technology cannot be accurately adjusted in time, so that a large number of unqualified products are easy to appear, and even the products are scrapped in batches, that is, the processing precision and the processing efficiency are greatly affected, so that a new scheme is required to be provided to solve the problem.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the defects and shortcomings in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a laser welding method and a laser welding processing technology, which are used for solving the problems that parameters of a welded product cannot be timely output and parameters of the processing technology cannot be timely and accurately adjusted in the prior art.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the invention provides a laser welding method, which comprises the following steps:
establishing a post-welding intelligent compensation system, wherein the post-welding intelligent compensation system comprises a feedback mechanism and a numerical control mechanism connected with the feedback mechanism, the feedback mechanism collects and feeds back welded welding parameters to the numerical control mechanism, the numerical control mechanism is connected with and controls laser welding equipment and deformation adjusting equipment, and a post-welding compensation algorithm is preset, and the welding parameters comprise position parameters of a welded main part and a welded part;
calculating post-welding compensation quantity, wherein the post-welding compensation quantity comprises a position coordinate system of a welded product preset by the numerical control mechanism, and a standard targeting circle is defined in the position coordinate system according to tolerance zones of position parameters of a main part to be welded and the welded part, and the numerical control mechanism converts the position parameters of the main part to be welded and the welded part into targeting coordinate points in the position coordinate system; presetting a reference coordinate point in a standard targeting circle, calculating dimension difference values of the targeting coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction by the numerical control mechanism, and converting the dimension difference values into post-welding compensation quantities which are required to be adjusted after welding of the laser welding equipment and the deformation adjusting equipment according to a compensation algorithm;
and the compensation and correction comprises that the numerical control mechanism controls the laser welding equipment to correct the machining action and controls the deformation adjusting equipment to adjust the deformation of the welding product according to the post-welding compensation quantity.
By adopting the technical scheme, the feedback mechanism can be used for collecting the position parameters of the welded part and the main part to be welded which are welded by laser and transmitting the position parameters to the numerical control mechanism, and the numerical control mechanism can calculate the compensation parameters of the processing technology through the compensation algorithm according to the position parameters of the welded part and the main part to be welded and automatically control the processing equipment to finish correction; because the laser welding parameters are fed back timely and the process parameters can be adjusted timely, the generation of large-batch scrapping or the unqualified large-batch products can be prevented and the correction is needed, so that the laser welding processing precision and efficiency are improved.
The invention further provides an optimized compensation scheme, comprising:
step H1, the numerical control mechanism records and stores each targeting coordinate point, and a plurality of targeting coordinate points form a targeting cloud picture in an end hole coordinate system;
step H2, controlling the laser welding equipment to correct and process the motion by the numerical control mechanism for a plurality of times according to the post-welding compensation quantity until the target coordinate point falls in the standard target circle, and recording and correcting the correction combination to form a compensation path by the numerical control mechanism;
step H3, when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target ring again, the numerical control mechanism repeats the step H2;
and H4, after repeating the step H2 for a plurality of times, when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target circle again, the numerical control mechanism screens out an optimal compensation scheme, and controls the correction processing action of the laser welding equipment according to the optimal compensation scheme, wherein the optimal compensation scheme is a compensation path with the minimum correction times of the laser welding equipment.
The invention further provides a pre-welding intelligent compensation method, which comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps that an intelligent compensation system before welding is built, the intelligent compensation system comprises a feedback mechanism and a numerical control mechanism connected with the feedback mechanism, the feedback mechanism collects and feeds back parameters of a main part to be welded before welding to the numerical control mechanism, the numerical control mechanism is connected with and controls the laser welding equipment, a pre-welding compensation algorithm is preset, and the parameters of the main part to be welded comprise position parameters of the main part to be welded;
calculating a pre-welding compensation quantity, wherein the pre-welding compensation quantity comprises the steps of presetting a position coordinate system of a welded product through the numerical control mechanism, defining a standard targeting circle in the position coordinate system according to a tolerance zone of position parameters of a main part to be welded, and converting the position parameters of the main part to be welded into targeting coordinate points in the position coordinate system through the numerical control mechanism; and presetting a reference coordinate point in a standard targeting circle, calculating dimension difference values of the targeting coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction by the numerical control mechanism, and converting the dimension difference values into pre-welding compensation quantity which needs to be adjusted before welding of the laser welding equipment according to a compensation algorithm.
The invention is further provided with: the feedback mechanism comprises a position sensor, the numerical control mechanism comprises an industrial control computer, the position sensor is connected with the industrial control computer and feeds back position parameters of a welded main part and a welded part, and the industrial control computer is connected with the control laser welding equipment and the deformation adjusting equipment.
The invention is further provided with: the post-weld compensation algorithm includes a parallel algorithm, the parallel algorithm including:
s1, obtaining welding parameters of the laser welding equipment;
s2, presetting an included angle alpha between the normal direction and the radial direction of a welding product, wherein the industrial control computer calculates to obtain a multi-dimensional component according to a trigonometric function of welding parameters and the included angle alpha, wherein the multi-dimensional component comprises an X-dimensional component and a Y-dimensional component … N-dimensional component;
s3, generating a targeting coordinate point in a coordinate system according to the multidimensional component;
the invention is further provided with: the post-weld compensation algorithm includes an adjustment algorithm, the adjustment algorithm including,
step W1, acquiring dimension difference values of a target coordinate point and a reference coordinate point in each dimension direction, and converting the dimension difference values into multidimensional components in equal proportion;
w2, substituting the dimension difference value into a parallel algorithm, and reversely deducing the parallel algorithm to obtain the forming parameters of the laser welding equipment;
and step W3, obtaining the post-welding compensation quantity of the laser welding equipment according to the molding parameters and the transmission ratio of the driving mechanism of the laser welding equipment.
The invention also provides a laser welding processing technology, which is applied to the laser welding method, and comprises the following steps:
a1, laser welding, namely setting and processing a welded product according to laser welding processing parameters;
a2, correcting the technological parameters, wherein the numerical control mechanism acquires the position parameters of the welded product through the feedback mechanism, and controls the laser welding equipment to correct the machining action according to the laser welding method;
step A3, checking, namely checking the welded product manufactured in the step A1 by adopting a tool checking fixture; when the laser welding passes the inspection, qualified welding products are obtained; when the laser welding inspection fails, the welding product waits for correction;
step A4, correcting the laser welding, obtaining a post-welding compensation amount obtained by a laser welding method, and controlling a deformation adjusting device to adjust welding products according to the post-welding compensation amount and a checking result of a tool checking fixture;
a5, final inspection, namely simulating the installation state of the welding product on the 3C communication electronic product, acquiring the position parameters of the welding product in the installation state through the data feedback mechanism, marking a targeting coordinate point in a limit range of a position coordinate system according to a laser welding method, and judging whether the welding product accords with the quality standard and the stability of the manufacturing process;
and A6, feeding back production parameters, establishing a data acquisition center, configuring a host computer by the data acquisition center, connecting and transmitting the production parameters to the host computer by the numerical control mechanism, and transmitting the production parameters to a cloud server accessed by a client side by the host computer, wherein the production parameters comprise a target cloud image.
The invention is further provided with: the feedback mechanism comprises a position sensor, the numerical control mechanism comprises an industrial control computer, the position sensor is connected with the industrial control computer and feeds back position parameters of a welded main part and a welded part, and the industrial control computer is connected with and controls the laser welding equipment and the deformation adjusting equipment.
The invention is further provided with: the feedback mechanism comprises an image sensor for collecting the profile parameters of the welded product, and the image sensor is connected with the numerical control mechanism and feeds back the profile parameters of the welded product to the numerical control mechanism.
The invention is further provided with: the numerical control mechanism presets standard profile parameters of laser welding, the numerical control mechanism compares the profile parameters of a welding product with the standard profile parameters of the welding product, a profile difference value is obtained, the step A2 further comprises controlling the laser welding equipment to correct machining actions according to the profile difference value, and the step A4 further comprises controlling the deformation adjusting equipment to adjust the welding product according to the profile difference value.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the production parameters of the welded product can be collected through the feedback mechanism, and the laser welding equipment is controlled by the numerical control mechanism according to the production parameters to automatically correct the processing action, so that the technological parameters are improved, thereby preventing the generation of a large number of unqualified products or waste products, and further effectively improving the processing precision and efficiency;
2. after correction work is carried out for a plurality of times on a plurality of working procedures, if the accuracy is insufficient again in comparison of the collected data of the welding products, the fastest compensation scheme can be selected according to the past compensation records, and the laser welding equipment is used for guiding the correction of the technological parameters to be more rapidly adjusted.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a welded article.
FIG. 2 is a second schematic diagram of the structure of the solder.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a single laser welding forming process according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a forming process of the present invention for multiple laser welding.
Fig. 5 is a flowchart of a laser welding method according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 6 is a second flowchart of a laser welding method according to the first embodiment of the invention.
Fig. 7 is a flow chart of a laser welding processing process according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 8 is a block diagram of the intelligent compensation system of the present invention, mainly used for showing the control structure of the numerical control mechanism.
Fig. 9 shows the deformation angle of the welded article according to the present invention.
Fig. 10 shows an adjustment angle of the solder product according to the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a welded master; 2. a welding member; 3. a welded article; 10. a feedback mechanism; 11. a position sensor; 12. an image sensor; 20. a numerical control mechanism; 21. an industrial control computer; 30. a host computer; 40. the cloud server; 50. a laser welding apparatus; 60. deformation adjusting device.
Detailed Description
In order to further describe the technical means and effects adopted by the present invention and achieve the preset purpose, the following detailed description refers to the specific implementation, structure, characteristics and effects of the laser welding method and the laser welding processing technology according to the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and preferred embodiments, wherein:
the invention is designed based on the requirement of high precision of laser welding, the requirement of high-efficiency production laser welding and the requirement of high-quality experience of consumers on 3C communication electronic products.
The invention has the main effects that: 1. the production parameters of laser welding can be collected, and the processing equipment (the laser welding equipment 50) is controlled to automatically compensate (namely, automatically correct the error of laser welding) according to the production parameters, so that the technological parameters are improved; 2. after correction work is carried out for many times, if the precision is insufficient again due to the problems of abrasion of processing equipment, temperature change of laser welding and the like, the invention can select the fastest compensation scheme according to the past compensation record, and the compensation scheme is used as guide to quickly adjust the processing equipment to finish the process parameter correction so as to manufacture the welded product 3 with higher precision later; 3. the error superposition effect of the multiple welding is compensated through an optimal path, so that the thermal deformation influence of the multiple welding is counteracted.
In the first embodiment, the laser welding processing technology can be classified into: a single laser welding process and a plurality of laser welding processes, the single laser welding process being suitable for a case where the welding surfaces of one or more welding pieces 2 are located on the same plane, and the plurality of laser welding processes being suitable for a case where the welding surfaces of the plurality of welding pieces 2 are located on different planes. The two welding processes are respectively operated as follows, as shown in fig. 1 to 4.
The welding process of the single laser welding comprises the following steps:
step a1, single clamping and positioning, wherein after the welded main part 1 and one or more welding parts 2 are clamped and positioned once, the laser welding equipment 50 (fig. 8) performs a complete laser welding process, that is, one or more welding parts 2 are welded on the welded main part 1 through one clamping and positioning and one laser welding process. Regardless of the welding process with a plurality of welding spots and welding sequences, the parameters (such as geometric characteristic parameters, technological parameters, deformation and the like) of the main part 1 to be welded are taken as the whole parameters, and the welded product 3 with certain functions is obtained;
in step a2, as in step a1, the welded product (welded product 3) is used as a semi-finished product in the next welding step, and if laser welding is required for a plurality of times, the welded product in step a1 is used as a welded sub-part in the next welding step. By adjusting different welding parameters of the laser welding equipment 50, the mechanical properties such as penetration, thrust, tension and the like can meet the welding requirements;
step a3, a strain adjusting device 60 (fig. 8 and 10) adjusts the strain of the welded master member 1 before welding and the welded product 3 after welding. However, before the adjustment, the deformation amounts of the welded master member 1 and the welded product 3 before welding need to be detected.
The welding process of the multiple laser welding comprises the following steps:
and b1, clamping and positioning for multiple times, wherein the clamping and positioning for one or more times are carried out on the welded sub-piece and one or more welding pieces 2, and the laser welding equipment 50 carries out one or more complete laser welding processes, namely, the multiple laser welding is carried out on the welding piece 2 again on the basis of single laser welding. Such as secondary laser welding: the welded main part 1 and the welding part 2 are subjected to primary complete laser welding to form a first welding sub-part, the first welding sub-part and the other welding part 2 are subjected to primary complete laser welding to form a secondary laser welding finished product, and the like. Regardless of the welding process with a plurality of welding spots and welding sequences, except that the first welding takes the parameters of the main part 1 to be welded as the integral parameters, the subsequent welding takes the parameters (such as geometric characteristic parameters, technological parameters, deformation and the like) of the sub-parts to be welded as the integral parameters;
step b2, one or more sub-parts to be welded need to be moved integrally, positioned and welded with other welding parts 2 again;
and step b3, the welding sub-parts, the semi-finished products and the welded main part 1 are provided with stable and reliable positioning modes, and the parameter adjustment in the welding process calculates the optimal parameters through a program and completes the automatic setting of the welding parameters of the laser welding equipment 50. The deformation after welding can be detected in time, and the pre-deformation amount of the welded sub-piece is adjusted according to the optimal route selection so as to resist the deformation generated in the last welding process. And (3) performing finished product detection again, driving the deformation adjusting device 60 to adjust the deformation of the welded sub-piece, and circulating the previous procedure until the position parameter of the finally inspected welded product 3 accords with the range defined by the target ring.
Since metal workpieces can undergo a certain thermal deformation after laser welding, multiple laser welding requires multiple scans (detection) and multiple corrections, i.e., scanning and correction are required for each weld.
Through the two processes, welding semi-finished products of single welding and multiple welding can be respectively and preliminarily processed, and finally, the welded sub-parts are spliced into the welded product 3. In the process of processing and preparing, the laser welding preferably adopts all-level automatic robots (such as mechanical arms) to automatically process and finish carrying work so as to carry out intelligent factory transformation by matching with the invention, thereby effectively improving the production efficiency.
The laser welding method is applied to the above two processes, and referring to fig. 5, 6 and 8, includes:
step one: establishing a post-welding intelligent compensation system (namely an intelligent compensation system after welding), comprising a feedback mechanism 10 and a numerical control mechanism 20 connected with the feedback mechanism 10, wherein the feedback mechanism 10 collects and feeds back welded welding parameters to the numerical control mechanism 20, the numerical control mechanism 20 is connected with and controls a laser welding device 50 and a deformation adjusting device 60, and a post-welding compensation algorithm is preset; the welding parameters include at least the position parameters of the welded main part 1 and the welded part 2, and the position parameters are, for example, geometric solid dimensions, parallelism, flatness and other shape parameters of the welded main part 1 and the welded part 2 after welding.
The feedback mechanism 10 comprises a position sensor 11, the position sensor 11 preferably being a LMI (Local ManagementInterface) collector; the numerical control mechanism 20 includes an industrial control computer 21. The position sensor 11 is connected to the industrial computer 21 to feed back data to the industrial computer 21, and the industrial computer 21 is connected to a controller/system of processing equipment (such as the laser welding equipment 50 and the deformation adjusting equipment 60) at each stage of laser welding so as to output control instructions to control the processing equipment. Because of the large number of sensors, the sensors of the present invention are preferably connected to the data acquisition unit first, and then the data acquisition unit transmits the data to the industrial control computer 21.
When the laser welding method is applied to the single laser welding process, the position sensor 11 is disposed at the step a2, that is, the position sensor 11 is used for collecting information on the position parameters of the welded article 3 subjected to the laser welding. The installation mode of the position sensor 11 can be that after the tooling of the laser welding equipment 50 is improved, the position sensor is installed on an automatic module of the laser welding equipment 50 or is directly installed on another mechanical arm driving the welded product 3 to move, so that data can be collected when needed, and the position sensor can be retracted in time when not needed, so that the obstruction of the conveying of laser welding parts is avoided. The following other sensors are arranged in a similar manner.
When the laser welding method is applied to the multiple laser welding process, the position sensor 11 is disposed at the stage b3, that is, the position sensor 11 is used for collecting the position parameters of the multiple welded parts 2 and the welded main part 1 of the welded product 3 after the multiple laser welding is completed. The data that the position sensor 11 collects feedback includes an X-dimensional component, a Y-dimensional component ….
Step two: calculating a post-welding compensation amount, wherein the post-welding compensation amount comprises a position coordinate system (such as a contour coordinate system of the welding product 3) of the welding product 3 preset by the numerical control mechanism 20, namely a position coordinate system comprising the welding part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded; and defines a standard targeting ring (irregular round shape, and because of the multidimensional, the standard targeting ring is strictly irregular olive shape) in a position coordinate system according to the tolerance zone of the position parameters of the welding piece 2 and the main piece 1 to be welded.
The position coordinate system of the welding part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded is set by a user according to the three-dimensional diagram of the product welded by the laser and the installation state of the 3C communication electronic product, and the position of the welding part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded in the ideal state of laser welding is taken as an origin to establish the coordinate system. The dimensional component of the position sensor 11 can be understood here as: the components of the welded part 2 and the welded main part 1 measured in real time are deviated from the origin, i.e., ideal positions, in the directions of the respective dimensions.
The tolerance zone of the position parameters of the welded part 2 and the welded main part 1 is the allowable error range between the welded part 2 and the welded main part 1 in the laser welding, and can be divided into two types: the specific setting of the tolerance zone can be selected by a user according to actual requirements.
The numerical control mechanism 20 converts the position parameters of the welding piece 2 and the welded main piece 1 into target coordinate points in a position coordinate system. For example, the position parameters of the welding member 2 and the welded main member 1 are: x-dimensional component=1, y-dimensional component=2, and z-dimensional component=3, the target coordinate point is (1, 2, 3).
The reference coordinate point is preset in the standard targeting circle, and can be determined by a user, can be a coordinate origin, or can be one or more points which are arbitrarily arranged in the standard targeting circle.
The numerical control mechanism 20 calculates the dimension difference between the target coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction, and converts the dimension difference into a post-weld compensation amount required to be adjusted by the laser welding device 50 according to a compensation algorithm, i.e. the compensation amount required to be adjusted after the last welding or welding for a plurality of times.
The compensation algorithm is preset in the industrial control computer 21, and the industrial control computer 21 processes the information fed back by the position sensor 11 according to the compensation algorithm after receiving the information; the compensation algorithm includes a parallel algorithm and an adjustment algorithm.
Wherein the parallel algorithm comprises:
step S1, obtaining welding parameters of the laser welding device 50, where the welding parameters include any one or more of welding light spot, focal length, current, penetration, welding speed, multi-point welding sequence, frequency, and laser energy.
In order to match the invention, the laser welding equipment 50 adopts serial external parameter setting as a control program to realize higher-precision control, and meanwhile, dynamic comparison display is carried out on a welding display screen.
Step S2, presetting an angle α (not shown) between the normal direction and the radial direction of the welded product 3, and calculating by the industrial control computer 21 according to the correction parameter and the trigonometric function of the angle α to obtain a multi-dimensional component, wherein the multi-dimensional component includes an X-dimensional component and a Y-dimensional component … N-dimensional component.
Taking the example of the correction parameters including the step length: the radial direction is the stepping direction of the correction module, the X-dimensional component is equal to cos alpha times the stepping length of the correction module, and the Y-dimensional component is equal to sin alpha times the stepping length of the correction module.
And S3, generating a targeting coordinate point in a coordinate system according to the multidimensional component, wherein the targeting coordinate point is (1, 2) when the X-dimensional component is 1 and the Y-dimensional component is 2.
Wherein the adjustment algorithm comprises:
step W1, acquiring dimension difference values of a target coordinate point and a reference coordinate point in each dimension direction, and converting the dimension difference values into multidimensional components in equal proportion;
step W2, substituting the dimension difference value into a parallel algorithm, and deducing the parallel algorithm reversely to obtain welding parameters of the laser welding equipment 50;
step W3, obtaining a post-welding compensation amount of the laser welding apparatus 50 according to the position parameter of the laser welding and the transmission ratio of the driving mechanism of the laser welding apparatus 50, for example, when the driving mechanism is a servo motor: servo motor control pulse number screw pitch rotation angle/360 = step length. The above formula is reversed to calculate the number of pulses that the laser welding apparatus 50 needs to correct.
The parallel algorithm is a compensation method of three stages (namely welding parameters, multidimensional components and targeting coordinate points are used at the same time), and has the advantages of being capable of adjusting the geometric shape change of a welded main part 1 and a welded part 2 in a wider range, being synchronous and parallel, and having the defect of being required to correct the proportional parameters after n+1th adjustment; the adjustment algorithm is based on the principle of maximum influence, and performs a single adjustment, and then cooperates with other fine adjustments. The adjustment algorithm is advantageous for many times in the case of relatively small changes in the geometry of the welded body 1 and the welded body 2.
Step three: the compensation correction includes the control of the laser welding apparatus 50 by the numerical control mechanism 20 according to the compensation amount to correct the machining operation and the control of the deformation adjusting apparatus 60 to adjust the deformation of the welded article 3, for example, in fig. 9 and 10, the deformation angle of the welded article 3 is β1, the adjustment angle β2 of the welded article 3 is calculated, and the deformation of the welded article 3 is adjusted by the deformation adjusting apparatus 60.
The laser welding type of the machining is different or the compensation amount is different, and the machining equipment and the action for making the correction action in the step are different. For example, when the laser welding is single welding and the compensation amount is the processing parameter of the a module of the laser welding apparatus 50, the industrial control computer 21 controls the a module of the laser welding apparatus 50 to perform the correction operation according to the compensation amount.
Step four: optimizing a compensation scheme, comprising:
step H1, the industrial control computer 21 records and stores each targeting coordinate point, and a plurality of targeting coordinate points form a targeting cloud image on the position coordinate system of the welding piece 2 and the welded main piece 1;
step H2, the industrial computer 21 controls the laser welding equipment 50 to correct the machining action according to the compensation quantity for a plurality of times, and the industrial computer 21 records the correction combination as a compensation path until the target coordinate point falls in the standard target circle; that is, the industrial control computer 21 records and adjusts the number of complete corrections, the amount of each correction and the corrected module of the qualified product processed by the laser welding device 50, and stores the above as a complete compensation path;
step H3, when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target circle again, the industrial control computer 21 repeats the step H2;
and step H4, repeating the step H2 for a plurality of times, and when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target circle again, screening an optimal compensation scheme by the industrial control computer 21, and controlling the correction processing action of the laser welding equipment 50 according to the optimal compensation scheme, wherein the optimal compensation scheme is a compensation path with the minimum correction times of the laser welding equipment 50.
For example: the compensation path 1 is adjusted: 1 module of equipment A and 2 modules of equipment B; the path number 2 is the adjustment: the 1 module of the a module, the 2 module of the B device, and the 1 module of the C device, the No. 1 compensation path is preferably used as the compensation scheme at this time, and the compensation industrial control computer 21 completes the complete No. 1 path at a time. If the coordinate point of the next laser welding target still falls outside the standard target circle after the execution of the No. 1 compensation path, the compensation control is continued according to the compensation algorithm.
The position parameters of the welded part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded which are welded by laser can be collected by a laser welding method, and the laser welding processing parameters can be adjusted in time, so that the condition that products are scrapped in batches is prevented; the laser welding method is applied to a laser welding processing technology.
In this embodiment, the laser welding method further includes pre-welding compensation, that is, before welding, compensation is performed according to the position parameters of the main part 1 to be welded through the previous targeting cloud image, so as to perform mechanical compensation of a certain pre-deformation, and a compensation scheme for adjusting welding parameters, such as focal length adjustment, energy adjustment, spot size adjustment, and welding speed adjustment, is a scheme for avoiding a scheme with the largest deformation caused by comparison, and unavoidable thermal deformation is reduced as much as possible through re-setting of the welding parameters.
The pre-weld compensation includes:
the method comprises the steps of establishing a pre-welding intelligent compensation system (i.e. the pre-welding intelligent compensation system) and comprising a feedback mechanism 10 and a numerical control mechanism 20 connected with the feedback mechanism 10, wherein the feedback mechanism 10 collects and feeds back pre-welding main part parameters to the numerical control mechanism 20, the numerical control mechanism 20 is connected with and controls a laser welding device 50, and a pre-welding compensation algorithm is preset, and the main part parameters to be welded comprise position parameters of the main part 1 to be welded (such as geometric entity basic size, parallelism, flatness and other shape parameters of the main part 1 to be welded).
Calculating the pre-welding compensation quantity, wherein the pre-welding compensation quantity comprises the steps of presetting a position coordinate system of a welded product 3 through a numerical control mechanism 20, defining a standard target ring in the position coordinate system according to a tolerance zone of position parameters of a main part 1 to be welded, and converting the position parameters of the main part 1 to be welded into target coordinate points in the position coordinate system through the numerical control mechanism 20; the reference coordinate point is preset in the standard targeting circle, the numerical control mechanism 20 calculates dimension difference values of the targeting coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction, and converts the dimension difference values into pre-welding compensation quantities which need to be adjusted before welding of the laser welding equipment 50 according to a compensation algorithm.
In a second embodiment, a laser welding process, applied to a laser welding method, referring to fig. 7 and 8, includes:
a1, laser welding, namely setting and processing a welded product 3 according to laser welding processing parameters; the laser welding processing method may be operated according to the content of the first embodiment, with a certain difference depending on whether the processed welded product 3 is one-time welding or a plurality of times welding.
In step A2, the numerical control mechanism 20 obtains the position parameters of the welded part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded through the feedback mechanism 10, and controls the processing parameters and the correction parameters of the laser welding device 50 to perform the processing action according to the laser welding method, specifically, refer to the first embodiment. The corrected machining operation is also different in the laser welding type, the mounting position of the feedback mechanism 10, and the position of the information collection.
Step A3, checking, namely checking the welded product 3 manufactured in the step A1 by adopting a tool checking fixture; when the laser welding inspection passes, qualified welded products 3 are obtained; when the laser welding inspection is not passed, the welded article 3 waits for correction. When the tool is used for laser welding inspection, the most basic inspection is to arrange the welded product 3 on the tool for detection (namely, the welded product 3 is arranged on a preset product tool for detection), and through image processing, the position parameters of the welded part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded are out of the limit of a target graph, so that the welded part is unqualified, and the welded part is required to wait for subsequent correction and even scrapping.
And A4, correcting the laser welding, obtaining the compensation amount after the welding by the laser welding method, and controlling the deformation adjusting equipment 60 to adjust the welding product 3 according to the compensation amount after the welding and the checking result of the tool.
And A5, final inspection, namely simulating the installation state of the welding product 3 on the 3C communication electronic product, collecting the position parameters of the welding part 2 and the main part 1 to be welded in the installation state through the position sensor 11, marking a targeting coordinate point in a position coordinate system according to a laser welding method, and judging whether the welding product 3 accords with the quality standard and the stability of the manufacturing process.
Step A6, production parameter feedback is performed, a data acquisition center is established, a host computer 30 is configured in the data acquisition center, the numerical control mechanism 20 is connected with and transmits the production parameters to the host computer 30, and the host computer 30 sends the production parameters to a cloud server 40 which can be accessed by a client side, wherein the production parameters at least comprise a target cloud image.
The establishment of the step A6 can effectively improve the purchasing experience of the customer, and can check the production real-time data of the welding product 3 according to the own demand, so that the quality of the product purchased by the customer is intuitively known, and the production supplier can reduce the step of providing quality inspection data according to the demand of the customer at the later stage so as to simplify and optimize the whole processing flow.
Since whether the welded article 3 is acceptable is affected not only by the positions of the welded article 2 and the welded main article 1 but also by the thermal deformation of the overall structure and laser welding process parameters, the feedback mechanism 10 further includes an image sensor 12. The image sensor 12 selects CCD (charge coupled devicecamera), which is used for collecting the overall profile parameters of the welded product 3, such as the overall profile patterns of the welded main part 1 and the welded part 2 after welding; the information acquisition of the profile parameters of the welded part 2 and the welded main part 1 selects a high-precision 3D (three-dimensional) camera CCD, and acquires the relevant parameter values of the welded product 3.
Standard profile parameters of the weld 3 are preset in the industrial control computer 21. In use, the industrial control computer 21 compares the profile parameters of the weld 3 with the standard profile parameters of the weld 3 and obtains a profile difference. At this time, the step A2 includes controlling the laser welding apparatus 50 to correct the machining operation based on the profile difference, and the step A4 includes controlling the strain adjusting apparatus 60 to adjust the weld 3 based on the profile difference.
Since the molding steps of the single laser welding process and the multiple laser welding processes have a difference, the arrangement of the position sensor 11 and the image sensor 12 has a difference.
When single laser welding is processed, the image sensor 12 is arranged in the step A3 and the inspection stage and is used for collecting the profile parameters of the welded product 3 placed on the tool inspection tool; at this time, the image sensor 12 is disposed at a stage before welding of the main member 1 to be welded in the compensation adjustment.
When the laser welding is performed for a plurality of times, the image sensor 12 is arranged in a plurality of single welding processes and is arranged after the welding of the welded main part 1 and the welding part 2 and the welding of the semi-finished product and the semi-finished product is generated and the deformation is compensated; at this time, the image sensor 12 sets a post-weld inspection stage.
In summary, the invention can timely feed back the processing parameters of the laser welding device 50 and automatically optimize the processing parameters according to the feedback result, thereby improving the processing precision of laser welding; because the product precision is improved, the workload of correction in the production process is less, and thus the production efficiency can be improved.
In this document, terms such as up, down, left, right, front, rear, etc. are defined by the positions of the structures in the drawings and the positions of the structures with respect to each other, for the sake of clarity and convenience in expressing the technical solution. It should be understood that the use of such orientation terms should not limit the scope of the protection sought herein. It should also be understood that the terms "first" and "second," etc., as used herein, are used merely for distinguishing between names and not for limiting the number and order.
The present invention is not limited to the preferred embodiments, but is capable of modification and variation in detail, and other modifications and variations can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A laser welding method, comprising:
establishing a post-welding intelligent compensation system, wherein the post-welding intelligent compensation system comprises a feedback mechanism and a numerical control mechanism connected with the feedback mechanism, the feedback mechanism collects and feeds back welded welding parameters to the numerical control mechanism, the numerical control mechanism is connected with and controls laser welding equipment and deformation adjusting equipment, and a post-welding compensation algorithm is preset, and the welding parameters comprise position parameters of a welded main part and a welded part;
calculating post-welding compensation quantity, wherein the post-welding compensation quantity comprises a position coordinate system of a welded product preset by the numerical control mechanism, and a standard targeting circle is defined in the position coordinate system according to tolerance zones of position parameters of a main part to be welded and the welded part, and the numerical control mechanism converts the position parameters of the main part to be welded and the welded part into targeting coordinate points in the position coordinate system; presetting a reference coordinate point in a standard targeting circle, calculating dimension difference values of the targeting coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction by the numerical control mechanism, and converting the dimension difference values into post-welding compensation quantities which are required to be adjusted after welding of the laser welding equipment and the deformation adjusting equipment according to a compensation algorithm;
and the compensation and correction comprises that the numerical control mechanism controls the laser welding equipment to correct the machining action and controls the deformation adjusting equipment to adjust the deformation of the welding product according to the post-welding compensation quantity.
2. The laser welding method of claim 1, further comprising optimizing a compensation scheme, the optimized compensation scheme comprising:
step H1, the numerical control mechanism records and stores each targeting coordinate point, and a plurality of targeting coordinate points form a targeting cloud picture in an end hole coordinate system;
step H2, controlling the laser welding equipment to correct and process the motion by the numerical control mechanism for a plurality of times according to the post-welding compensation quantity until the target coordinate point falls in the standard target circle, and recording and correcting the correction combination to form a compensation path by the numerical control mechanism;
step H3, when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target ring again, the numerical control mechanism repeats the step H2;
and H4, after repeating the step H2 for a plurality of times, when the target coordinate point falls outside the standard target circle again, the numerical control mechanism screens out an optimal compensation scheme, and controls the correction processing action of the laser welding equipment according to the optimal compensation scheme, wherein the optimal compensation scheme is a compensation path with the minimum correction times of the laser welding equipment.
3. The laser welding method according to claim 1, characterized in that the laser welding method further comprises:
the method comprises the steps that an intelligent compensation system before welding is built, the intelligent compensation system comprises a feedback mechanism and a numerical control mechanism connected with the feedback mechanism, the feedback mechanism collects and feeds back parameters of a main part to be welded before welding to the numerical control mechanism, the numerical control mechanism is connected with and controls the laser welding equipment, a pre-welding compensation algorithm is preset, and the parameters of the main part to be welded comprise position parameters of the main part to be welded;
calculating a pre-welding compensation quantity, wherein the pre-welding compensation quantity comprises the steps of presetting a position coordinate system of a welded product through the numerical control mechanism, defining a standard targeting circle in the position coordinate system according to a tolerance zone of position parameters of a main part to be welded, and converting the position parameters of the main part to be welded into targeting coordinate points in the position coordinate system through the numerical control mechanism; and presetting a reference coordinate point in a standard targeting circle, calculating dimension difference values of the targeting coordinate point and the reference coordinate point in each dimension direction by the numerical control mechanism, and converting the dimension difference values into pre-welding compensation quantity which needs to be adjusted before welding of the laser welding equipment according to a compensation algorithm.
4. The laser welding method according to claim 1, wherein the feedback mechanism includes a position sensor, the numerical control mechanism includes an industrial control computer, the position sensor is connected to the industrial control computer and feeds back position parameters of the welded main part and the welding part, and the industrial control computer is connected to and controls the laser welding apparatus and the deformation adjusting apparatus.
5. The laser welding method of claim 4, wherein the post-weld compensation algorithm comprises a parallel algorithm comprising:
s1, obtaining welding parameters of the laser welding equipment;
s2, presetting an included angle alpha between the normal direction and the radial direction of a welding product, wherein the industrial control computer calculates to obtain a multi-dimensional component according to a trigonometric function of welding parameters and the included angle alpha, wherein the multi-dimensional component comprises an X-dimensional component and a Y-dimensional component … N-dimensional component;
and S3, generating a targeting coordinate point in the coordinate system according to the multidimensional component.
6. The laser welding method of claim 5, wherein the post-weld compensation algorithm comprises an adjustment algorithm, the adjustment algorithm comprising,
step W1, acquiring dimension difference values of a target coordinate point and a reference coordinate point in each dimension direction, and converting the dimension difference values into multidimensional components in equal proportion;
w2, substituting the dimension difference value into a parallel algorithm, and reversely deducing the parallel algorithm to obtain the forming parameters of the laser welding equipment;
and step W3, obtaining the post-welding compensation quantity of the laser welding equipment according to the molding parameters and the transmission ratio of the driving mechanism of the laser welding equipment.
7. A laser welding process, characterized in that the laser welding process is applied to the laser welding method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, the laser welding process comprising:
a1, laser welding, namely setting and processing a welded product according to laser welding processing parameters;
a2, correcting the technological parameters, wherein the numerical control mechanism acquires the position parameters of the welded product through the feedback mechanism, and controls the laser welding equipment to correct the machining action according to a laser welding method;
step A3, checking, namely checking the welded product manufactured in the step A1 by adopting a tool checking fixture; when the laser welding passes the inspection, qualified welding products are obtained; when the laser welding inspection fails, the welding product waits for correction;
step A4, correcting the laser welding, obtaining a post-welding compensation amount obtained by a laser welding method, and controlling the deformation adjusting equipment to adjust welding products according to the post-welding compensation amount and the inspection result of the tool inspection tool;
a5, final inspection, namely simulating the installation state of the welding product on the 3C communication electronic product, acquiring the position parameters of the welding product in the installation state through the data feedback mechanism, marking a targeting coordinate point in a limit range of a position coordinate system according to a laser welding method, and judging whether the welding product accords with the quality standard and the stability of the manufacturing process;
and A6, feeding back production parameters, establishing a data acquisition center, configuring a host computer by the data acquisition center, connecting and transmitting the production parameters to the host computer by the numerical control mechanism, and transmitting the production parameters to a cloud server accessed by a client side by the host computer, wherein the production parameters comprise a target cloud image.
8. The laser welding process of claim 7, wherein the feedback mechanism comprises a position sensor, the numerical control mechanism comprises an industrial control computer, the position sensor is connected to the industrial control computer and feeds back position parameters of the welded main part and the welded part, and the industrial control computer is connected to and controls the laser welding equipment and the deformation adjusting equipment.
9. The laser welding process of claim 7, wherein the feedback mechanism comprises an image sensor for acquiring profile parameters of the weld, the image sensor being coupled to the numerical control mechanism and feeding back the profile parameters of the weld to the numerical control mechanism.
10. The laser welding process according to claim 9, wherein the numerical control mechanism presets standard profile parameters of laser welding, the numerical control mechanism compares the profile parameters of the welded product with the standard profile parameters of the welded product, and obtains a profile difference value, the step A2 further comprises controlling the laser welding device to correct the machining action according to the profile difference value, and the step A4 further comprises controlling the deformation adjusting device to adjust the welded product according to the profile difference value.
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