CN116196101A - 一种基于模糊pid的心血管介入导管控制方法及其应用 - Google Patents
一种基于模糊pid的心血管介入导管控制方法及其应用 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法及其应用,方法的步骤如下:通过导管上的超声传感器实时获取血管内的超声图像流;依次标定所述超声图像流的所有图像的血管轮廓,确定所有图像的血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心;整合所有图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,作为导管的最优轨迹;比对超声图像流中的目标帧图像的几何中心和导管的最优轨迹与目标帧图像对应的位置,如两者的间距小于等于目标阈值则维持导管当前运动的状态继续动作,反之基于模糊PID进行模糊推理,再将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量,基于清晰输出量调节导管驱动端。本发明能够直接反馈血管内信息且可应用于控制心血管介入导管。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及智能医疗器械技术领域,涉及一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法及其应用,特别是涉及一种利用模糊PID控制器与血管内超声图像的心血管介入导管控制方法及其应用。
背景技术
经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)手术是一种从周围血管插入导管并送至心脏及大血管各处的技术。这类手术具有操作精确、手术时间短、手术创伤小、术后恢复时间短、患者遭受的痛苦轻等优势,逐渐成为治疗心血管疾病的主要手段之一。
传统的PCI手术的操作方式主要是心内科医生手动对患者进行导管介入治疗,通常包括导管的插入、穿刺、递送、捻转等。由于医生手动操作的局限性,在具体手术过程医生会因长时间持握导管而发生疲劳,进而发生抖动,影响导管的姿态与在血管内的位置。这种位姿的改变会存在一定概率导致导管误触到血管壁,发生可能的误穿刺。此外在心血管介入手术中,心血管医生也需要身着厚重的防护服在具有辐射环境中进行工作。
目前,工程技术人员研制了心血管介入手术机器人辅助医生完成介入微创手术,以缓解上述问题。医生通过远程遥操作的方式,能够在无X射线的安全环境中远程控制心血管介入手术机器人完成心血管介入手术。目前,心血管介入手术机器人大多是依赖于医生远程的操作,其导管前进后退旋转的动作还依赖于医生的手势,而医生手动控制也难免会出现差错。为此,为了实现机器人手术过程的自动化,提高机器人手术的安全性,我们需要探索一种心血管介入导管的智能控制算法,利用这种算法能够实现对介入导管位姿的实时调控。
目前,也有一些团队在探索研制心血管介入手术机器人的智能控制算法。CN202110353072.4公开了一种基于模糊PID控制器的主从同步控制方法及装置,其P、I、D参数初值取决于检测系统的主端与从端之间的交互指令在通信网络中的传输时延等级,对输入变量进行处理,得到用于控制机器人从端的清晰控制量,按照清晰控制量控制从端运动,通过该方案可以提高采用遥操作的血管介入手术机器人系统主从运动一致性,但是该方案依赖于传输时延,对血管内情况的反馈不多;日本香川大学的Shuxiang Guo等也提出了一种基于模糊PID的血管介入手术机器人力反馈控制方法(Guo,Jian;He,Lixin;Guo,Shuxiang.Study on Force Feedback Control of the Vascular InterventionalSurgical Robot based on Fuzzy PID[A].2020IEEE International Conference onMechatronics andAutomation(ICMA)[C],2020),该方法能够提高主从力反馈的精度和稳定性,为血管介入手术机器人力反馈系统的构建提供了可靠方法,但是该方法仍缺少血管内信息的直接反馈,不太适合应用于血管介入手术机器人的自主控制中。
因此,开发一种能够直接反馈血管内信息且可应用于控制心血管介入导管的方法极具现实意义。
发明内容
由于现有技术存在上述缺陷,本发明提供了一种能够直接反馈血管内信息且可应用于控制心血管介入导管的方法,应用该方法能够自主进行位姿调整,其具体是利用血管内超声图像结合模糊PID控制器完成的。
为了实现上述目的,本发明提供以下技术方案:
一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)通过导管上的超声传感器实时获取血管内的超声图像流;
(2)依次标定所述超声图像流的所有图像的血管轮廓,确定所有图像的血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心;
(3)整合所有图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,作为导管的最优轨迹;
(4)比对超声图像流中的目标帧图像的几何中心和导管的最优轨迹与目标帧图像对应的位置,如两者的间距小于等于目标阈值则维持导管当前运动的状态继续动作,反之基于模糊PID进行模糊推理,再将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量,基于清晰输出量调节导管驱动端。
本发明的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,步序设计合理,简化了位姿检测方式(只需比较识别出的血管几何中心与图像中心),能够直接根据血管内信息进行反馈完成对心血管介入导管的控制,其反馈直接且效率高,基于模糊PID完成位姿调整,能够提高心血管介入导管主从运动一致性,极具应用前景。
作为优选的技术方案:
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,所述步骤(2)具体为:
(2.1)将超声图像流逐帧分割,获取超声图像流中每一帧的图像;
(2.2)对以上图像进行中值滤波、灰度操作(减少数据量,提高运算速度)以及自适应阈值的二值化处理;
(2.3)标定以上图像的血管轮廓。
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,所述步骤(3)具体为:
(3.1)根据几何关系,确定每帧图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,记作点a;
(3.2)再将各帧i进行整合,各ai的整合即为导管的最优轨迹。
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,所述目标阈值为0.2mm。
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,所述基于模糊PID进行模糊推理是指基于模糊PID依照相应的模糊推理规则,获得对应的模糊控制量。
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,所述将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量是利用重心法获取的。
如上所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,在获取清晰控制量前,基于检测到心血管介入导管在血管内的位姿确定与当前的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值,心血管介入导管即在与系统的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值下工作直至获取清晰控制量调整导管驱动端,从而避免了模糊PID控制器在运行过程中过长时间调整P、I、D参数值至与系统的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数值的过程。
本发明还提供一种计算机设备,所述计算机设备包括:
至少一个处理器;以及,
与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;其中,
所述存储器存储有计算机可读指令,所述处理器执行所述计算机可读指令时实现如上所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
此外,本发明还提供了一种计算机可读存储介质,所述计算机可读存储介质上存储计算机可读指令,所述计算机可读指令被处理器执行时实现如上所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
以上技术方案仅为本发明的一种可行的技术方案而已,本发明的保护范围并不仅限于此,本领域技术人员可根据实际需求合理调整具体设计。
上述发明具有如下优点或者有益效果:
(1)本发明的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,简化了位姿检测方式,只需比较识别出的血管几何中心与图像中心,即可判断导管的位姿是否发生偏移;
(2)本发明的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,采取模糊PID控制策略,相较传统PID,模糊PID的调整速度更快,能做到迅速的调整;
(3)本发明的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,系统流程简便,可行性高,极具应用前景。
附图说明
通过阅读参照以下附图对非限制性实施例所作的详细描述,本发明及其特征、外形和优点将会变得更加明显。在全部附图中相同的标记指示相同的部分。并未可以按照比例绘制附图,重点在于示出本发明的主旨。
图1为本发明基于血管内超声图像的位姿检测的示意图;
图2为本发明的血管内超声图像位姿检测流程图;
图3为本发明基于模糊PID的控制方法流程图;
图4为本发明的系统流程图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和具体的实施例对本发明中的结构作进一步的说明,但是不作为本发明的限定。
实施例1
一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,包括如图2所示的以下步骤:
(1)通过导管上的超声传感器实时获取血管内的超声图像流;
(2)依次标定超声图像流的所有图像的血管轮廓,确定所有图像的血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,具体为:
(2.1)将超声图像流逐帧分割,获取超声图像流中每一帧的图像;
(2.2)对以上图像进行中值滤波(有效过滤掉噪声)、灰度操作以及自适应阈值的二值化处理,在本实施例中,thresh=60,maxval=64;
(2.3)依据某点像素值与周围点像素值的差异,标定以上图像的血管轮廓,标定结果如图1所示;
(3)整合所有图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,作为导管的最优轨迹,具体为:
(3.1)根据几何关系,确定每帧图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,记作点a;
(3.2)再将各帧i进行整合,各ai的整合即为导管的最优轨迹;
(4)比对超声图像流中的目标帧图像的几何中心bi和ai,如两者的间距(即|bi-ai|)小于等于目标阈值(0.2mm)则维持导管当前运动的状态继续动作,反之基于模糊PID依照相应的模糊推理规则,获得对应的模糊控制量,再利用重心法将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量,基于清晰输出量调节导管驱动端,在获取清晰控制量前,基于检测到心血管介入导管在血管内的位姿确定与当前的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值,心血管介入导管即在与系统的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值下工作直至获取清晰控制量调整导管驱动端。
为实现上述模糊控制,本实施例建立以下的模糊调节规则表。对不同时刻kp、ki、kd参数在控制系统中的作用及相互之间的关联关系,有如下模糊调节规则表:
表1.kp调节的模糊规则表
表2.ki调节的模糊规则表
表3.kd调节的模糊规则表
如图3所示,模糊PID控制器在设定P、I、D参数初值后,便可以将血管轮廓的几何中心与图像几何中心的偏差和偏差变化率,作为输入变量,进行模糊化描述,之后,基于设置的模糊控制规则并采用Zadeh近似推理方法进行推导求解模糊关系方程,获得对应的位移模糊控制量。
为了获得准确的控制量,就要求模糊方法能够很好的表达输出隶属度函数的计算结果。在本发明中使用重心法计算模糊推理的最终输出值,其公式为:
进而通过对应的输出量可以控制介入导管的驱动装置,从而实现对导管位姿的自主控制,使导管尽可能在血管中心轴线上进行自主运动。
为实现本发明方法,其系统(如图4所示)主要由位姿检测模块与位姿控制模块组成,在位姿检测模块中包括血管内超声传感器作为位姿检测的传感器与实现血管轮廓标定,血管轮廓中心与图像中心比较两个功能的图像处理模块;位姿控制模块包括模糊PID控制模块以及对应的驱动器,驱动器通常为驱动导管的伺服电机,也可以是形状记忆合金的温控电路,相应驱动器视实际情况而定。
实施例2
一种计算机设备,包括:至少一个处理器以及与至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;
其中,存储器存储有计算机可读指令,处理器执行计算机可读指令时实现如实施例1所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
实施例3
一种计算机可读存储介质,计算机可读存储介质上存储计算机可读指令,计算机可读指令被处理器执行时实现如实施例1所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
上述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时,可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解,本发明的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来,该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中,包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机,服务器,或者网络设备等)执行本发明各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括:U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(ROM,Read-Only Memory)、随机存取存储器(RAM,Random Access Memory)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
本领域技术人员应该理解,本领域技术人员在结合现有技术以及上述实施例可以实现变化例,在此不做赘述。这样的变化例并不影响本发明的实质内容,在此不予赘述。
以上对本发明的较佳实施例进行了描述。需要理解的是,本发明并不局限于上述特定实施方式,其中未尽详细描述的设备和结构应该理解为用本领域中的普通方式予以实施;任何熟悉本领域的技术人员,在不脱离本发明技术方案范围情况下,都可利用上述揭示的方法和技术内容对本发明技术方案做出许多可能的变动和修饰,或修改为等同变化的等效实施例,这并不影响本发明的实质内容。因此,凡是未脱离本发明技术方案的内容,依据本发明的技术实质对以上实施例所做的任何简单修改、等同变化及修饰,均仍属于本发明技术方案保护的范围内。
Claims (9)
1.一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
(1)通过导管上的超声传感器实时获取血管内的超声图像流;
(2)依次标定所述超声图像流的所有图像的血管轮廓,确定所有图像的血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心;
(3)整合所有图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,作为导管的最优轨迹;
(4)比对超声图像流中的目标帧图像的几何中心和导管的最优轨迹与目标帧图像对应的位置,如两者的间距小于等于目标阈值则维持导管当前运动的状态继续动作,反之基于模糊PID进行模糊推理,再将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量,基于清晰输出量调节导管驱动端。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(2)具体为:
(2.1)将超声图像流逐帧分割,获取超声图像流中每一帧的图像;
(2.2)对以上图像进行中值滤波、灰度操作以及自适应阈值的二值化处理;
(2.3)标定以上图像的血管轮廓。
3.根据权利要求2所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,所述步骤(3)具体为:
(3.1)根据几何关系,确定每帧图像中血管轮廓所围成区域的几何中心,记作点a;
(3.2)再将各帧i进行整合,各ai的整合即为导管的最优轨迹。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,所述目标阈值为0.2mm。
5.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,所述基于模糊PID进行模糊推理是指基于模糊PID依照相应的模糊推理规则,获得对应的模糊控制量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,所述将模糊控制量转化为清晰输出量是利用重心法获取的。
7.根据权利要求6所述的一种基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法,其特征在于,在获取清晰控制量前,基于检测到心血管介入导管在血管内的位姿确定与当前的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值,心血管介入导管即在与系统的传输函数相匹配的P、I、D参数初值下工作直至获取清晰控制量调整导管驱动端。
8.一种计算机设备,其特征在于:所述计算机设备包括:
至少一个处理器;以及,
与所述至少一个处理器通信连接的存储器;其中,
所述存储器存储有计算机可读指令,所述处理器执行所述计算机可读指令时实现如权利要求1~7任一项所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
9.一种计算机可读存储介质,其特征在于:所述计算机可读存储介质上存储计算机可读指令,所述计算机可读指令被处理器执行时实现如权利要求1~7任一项所述的基于模糊PID的心血管介入导管控制方法。
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