CN116191630B - Battery charging and discharging seamless switching system and method, double-quadrant power supply and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Battery charging and discharging seamless switching system and method, double-quadrant power supply and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116191630B CN116191630B CN202310467509.6A CN202310467509A CN116191630B CN 116191630 B CN116191630 B CN 116191630B CN 202310467509 A CN202310467509 A CN 202310467509A CN 116191630 B CN116191630 B CN 116191630B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/0068—Battery or charger load switching, e.g. concurrent charging and load supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
- H02J7/0071—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage with a programmable schedule
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Abstract
The invention discloses a battery charging and discharging seamless switching system, a method, a double-quadrant power supply and electronic equipment. The charging and discharging mode can be switched in the us-level time, so that the battery can be depolarized by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The circuit has simple framework, power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, and seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of power supplies, in particular to a seamless battery charging and discharging switching system and method, a double-quadrant power supply and electronic equipment.
Background
Batteries are an important component of modern electronic tools, and have a wide range of applications, and testing of devices with batteries in research and development and production requires high power supplies and loads to provide power input to the tested items and to absorb the energy they release. The current main current charging mode is divided into three stages, namely constant current charging and constant voltage charging to the final floating charging stage. The constant current charging stage current is kept constant, the battery voltage is quickly increased to the charging cut-off voltage, then the constant voltage charging mode is switched to, the charging current is gradually reduced, and finally the floating charging mode is entered to make up for the internal loss of the battery to keep the battery in a full state. However, in such a charging mode, particularly in the constant current charging stage, although the charging efficiency is improved to some extent, the concentration of positive and negative ions is also easily increased, and the polarization is increased.
At present, a lot of front-end battery research and development mechanisms start to propose an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method for depolarizing the battery. In addition, the charging efficiency is not reduced by the mode, meanwhile, the capacity is fully filled, and the service life of the capacity is prolonged. The most common method in the market at present is to use two single-machine schemes, use a single power supply to supply power, and then use a load to absorb the energy released by the tested piece. Such as a dc power supply + an electronic load. The positive and negative pulses are switched in a power supply loading mode, so that the scheme using two single machines in the market at present is not fast enough, the actual test requirements cannot be met, and wiring, configuration and complexity are realized. The method can not realize continuous conversion of power supply and load functions, and can not use a pulse charging mode, and is greatly different from the actual working condition of the system. Moreover, high power on diodes, switches, relays, etc. must be used in the system, which is very complex and often not as reliable and repeatable.
In addition, the market also has a double-image power supply which fully integrates the functions of power supply output and power absorption into a single instrument or system, but short jump and incoherence exist in the middle when positive and negative current switching is realized. Meanwhile, a double-quadrant direct current power supply with power of tens of kilowatts is difficult to find. In addition, the tested piece is active and dynamic, and needs to be switched back and forth between output power and absorption power according to the state and working condition of the tested piece, so that seamless switching cannot be realized.
Disclosure of Invention
The present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. Therefore, the invention provides a battery charging and discharging seamless switching system, a method, a double-quadrant power supply and electronic equipment, which can realize a pulse charging mode of a high-power battery, can realize seamless switching between positive current and negative current, and can convert between output power and absorption power according to the battery state to quickly respond.
The battery charging and discharging seamless switching system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention comprises a battery terminal, a battery terminal and a battery terminal, wherein the battery terminal is used for connecting a battery; the power supply end is used for connecting a power supply; the MOS tube unit comprises an NMOS tube and a PMOS tube, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the battery end and the positive electrode of the power end, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube as reference ground, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power end, and the common end of the NMOS tube and the common end of the PMOS tube are connected with the negative electrode of the battery end through a sampling resistor; the MCU is provided with a programming signal output end and a switching signal output end; the analog switch module is internally provided with a first switch and a second switch, the switching signal output end is connected with the control end of the analog switch module and used for switching the first switch and the second switch, and the programming signal output end is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch and the second switch; the amplifier unit comprises a first error amplifier and a second error amplifier, wherein the output end of the first switch is connected with the in-phase end of the first error amplifier, the output end of the second switch is connected with the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor is respectively connected with the inverting ends of the first error amplifier and the second error amplifier through a feedback circuit, the output end of the first error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube, and the output end of the second error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube.
The battery charging and discharging seamless switching system according to the embodiment of the first aspect of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the charging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end and is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charging feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be on after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube. In the discharging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube; the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The invention adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch module, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, controls the charging and discharging programming signals to be the same, realizes seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching the analog switch module, has simple circuit, can switch the charge and discharge modes in us-level time, and ensures that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The MOS tube unit adopts a structure of upper N and lower P tubes, and the sources of the PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are used as the reference ground, so that the control voltage required by the MOS tube unit is reduced, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, and when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is further improved. The circuit has simple structure, the power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized. According to the method, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized, and quick response is converted between output power and absorption power according to the battery state.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feedback circuit includes a first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the two-phase limit power supply terminal is connected to the in-phase terminal of the first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the NMOS and PMOS tubes is connected to the inverting terminal of the first differential amplifier, and the output terminal of the first differential amplifier is connected to the inverting terminals of the first and second error amplifiers, respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feedback circuit includes a first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the battery terminal is connected to the in-phase terminal of the first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the NMOS and PMOS transistors is connected to the inverting terminal of the first differential amplifier, and the output terminal of the first differential amplifier is connected to the inverting terminals of the first and second error amplifiers, respectively.
According to some embodiments of the invention, an output end of the first differential amplifier is connected to a loop current extraction end of the MCU through a first ADC module.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the feedback circuit further comprises a third error amplifier, the programming signal output end comprises a current control signal output end and a voltage control signal output end, the current control signal output end is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch and the second switch through a first DAC, the voltage control signal output end is respectively connected with the same-phase end of the third error amplifier through a second DAC, the negative electrode of the battery end is connected with the opposite-phase end of the second differential amplifier, the positive electrode of the battery end is connected with the same-phase end of the second differential amplifier, the output end of the second differential amplifier is connected with the opposite-phase end of the third error amplifier, and the output end of the third error amplifier is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch and the second switch.
According to some embodiments of the invention, an output end of the second differential amplifier is connected to a loop voltage recovery end of the MCU through a second ADC module.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the MOS transistor units are arranged in a plurality of groups, and each group of MOS transistor units are connected in parallel.
According to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention, the seamless battery charge-discharge switching method comprises the following steps:
charging: the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end, switches the second switch to be conducted through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charged feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be conducted after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube;
discharge phase: the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the inverting end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube;
the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The battery charge-discharge seamless switching method according to the embodiment of the second aspect of the invention has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the charging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end and is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charging feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be on after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube. In the discharging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube; the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The invention adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch module, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, controls the charging and discharging programming signals to be the same, realizes seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching the analog switch module, has simple circuit, can switch the charge and discharge modes in us-level time, and ensures that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The MOS tube unit adopts a structure of upper N and lower P tubes, and the sources of the PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are used as the reference ground, so that the control voltage required by the MOS tube unit is reduced, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, and when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is further improved. The circuit has simple structure, the power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized. According to the method, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized, and quick response is converted between output power and absorption power according to the battery state.
According to some embodiments of the invention, the charging phase comprises a constant current charging phase and a constant voltage charging phase;
the MCU outputs control voltage through a current control signal output end, the second switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage of the current is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the first differential amplifier collects the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging current is obtained and is input into the reverse-phase end of the second error amplifier as a first feedback signal, the second error amplifier forms a first error signal according to the control voltage of the current and the first feedback signal to control the conduction degree of the PMOS tube, and a negative feedback constant-current loop is formed to charge a battery connected with the battery end;
the constant voltage charging stage is specifically as follows:
the MCU outputs control voltage through the voltage control signal output end and switches the second switch on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage of the voltage is input into the in-phase end of the third error amplifier, the second differential amplifier collects the voltage of the two ends of the battery, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging voltage is obtained and is input into the reverse-phase end of the third error amplifier as a second feedback signal, the third error amplifier forms a second error signal according to the control voltage of the voltage and the second feedback signal, and the second error signal controls the constant-current loop to pull out current required by constant voltage to charge the battery connected with the battery end.
According to the embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, the double-quadrant power supply comprises the battery charging and discharging seamless switching system.
According to the embodiment of the third aspect of the invention, the double-quadrant power supply has at least the following beneficial effects:
in the charging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end and is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charging feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be on after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube. In the discharging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube; the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The invention adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch module, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, controls the charging and discharging programming signals to be the same, realizes seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching the analog switch module, has simple circuit, can switch the charge and discharge modes in us-level time, and ensures that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The MOS tube unit adopts a structure of upper N and lower P tubes, and the sources of the PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are used as the reference ground, so that the control voltage required by the MOS tube unit is reduced, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, and when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is further improved. The circuit has simple structure, the power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized. According to the method, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized, and quick response is converted between output power and absorption power according to the battery state.
An electronic device according to an embodiment of the fourth aspect of the present invention includes the above-described dual-quadrant power supply.
The electronic device according to the fourth aspect of the present invention has at least the following advantages:
in the charging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end and is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charging feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be on after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube. In the discharging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube; the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The invention adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch module, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, controls the charging and discharging programming signals to be the same, realizes seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching the analog switch module, has simple circuit, can switch the charge and discharge modes in us-level time, and ensures that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The MOS tube unit adopts a structure of upper N and lower P tubes, and the sources of the PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are used as the reference ground, so that the control voltage required by the MOS tube unit is reduced, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, and when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is further improved. The circuit has simple structure, the power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized. According to the method, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized, and quick response is converted between output power and absorption power according to the battery state.
Additional aspects and advantages of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows, and in part will be obvious from the description, or may be learned by practice of the invention.
Drawings
The invention is further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples, in which:
FIG. 1 is a schematic circuit diagram of a seamless battery charge/discharge switching system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic circuit diagram of overlapping three sets of MOS transistor units in an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a flowchart of a seamless battery charge-discharge switching method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
Embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings, wherein like or similar reference numerals refer to like or similar elements or elements having like or similar functions throughout. The embodiments described below by referring to the drawings are illustrative only and are not to be construed as limiting the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the direction or positional relationship indicated with respect to the description of the orientation, such as up, down, etc., is based on the direction or positional relationship shown in the drawings, is merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and does not indicate or imply that the apparatus or element referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In the description of the present invention, plural means two or more. The description of the first and second is for the purpose of distinguishing between technical features only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly indicating the number of technical features indicated or implicitly indicating the precedence of the technical features indicated.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly defined otherwise, terms such as arrangement, installation, connection, etc. should be construed broadly and the specific meaning of the terms in the present invention can be reasonably determined by a person skilled in the art in combination with the specific contents of the technical scheme.
Referring to fig. 1, a battery charge-discharge seamless switching system includes: the device comprises a battery end, a power supply end, a MOS tube unit, an MCU (micro control unit), an analog switch module and an amplifier unit. Specifically, the battery end is connected with a battery, and the power end is connected with a charged bus power supply; the MOS tube unit comprises an NMOS tube Q1 and a PMOS tube Q2, in the embodiment, the MOS tube unit adopts a topology structure of N up and P down, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the battery end and the positive electrode of the power end, the source electrode of the NMOS tube Q1 is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube Q2, the source electrode connection point of the NMOS tube Q1 and the PMOS tube Q2 is used as the reference ground, the control voltage Vgs of the MOS tube can be reduced, the control voltage Vgs can be reduced to enable the control of the MOS tube to be more stable, therefore, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is improved. The drain electrode of the PMOS tube Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the power supply end, and the common end of the NMOS tube Q1 and the PMOS tube Q2 is connected with the negative electrode of the battery end through the sampling resistor R1, so that the sampling part only uses one sampling resistor R1 and is at the near-ground end, the common-mode voltage is reduced, and the current precision can be improved. The MCU is provided with a programming signal output end and a switching signal output end, and a voltage programming control signal or a current programming control signal is sent through the programming signal output end.
The analog switch module is internally provided with a first switch S1 and a second switch S2, the MCU is connected with the control end of the analog switch module through a switching signal output end, so that the switching of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 is realized, the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 are in a mutual exclusion state, only one switch is conducted at the same time, and the current programming signal output end is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2 through a first DAC module.
The amplifier unit comprises a first error amplifier AMP1, a second error amplifier AMP2 and a three error amplifier AMP5, wherein the output end of the first switch S1 is connected with the same-phase end of the first error amplifier AMP1, the output end of the second switch S2 is connected with the same-phase end of the second error amplifier AMP2, the sampling resistor R1 is respectively connected with the opposite-phase ends of the first error amplifier AMP1 and the second error amplifier AMP2 through a feedback circuit, the output end of the first error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube, and the output end of the second error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube.
Specifically, the feedback circuit in the invention comprises a first differential amplifier AMP3 and a second differential amplifier AMP4, wherein the common end of a sampling resistor R1 and a battery end is connected with the same-phase end of the first differential amplifier AMP3, the common end of the sampling resistor R1 and an NMOS tube Q1 and a PMOS tube Q2 is connected with the opposite-phase end of the first differential amplifier AMP3, and the output end of the first differential amplifier AMP3 is respectively connected with the opposite-phase ends of the first error amplifier AMP1 and the second error amplifier AMP 2. The output end of the first differential amplifier AMP3 is connected with the loop current extraction end of the MCU through a first ADC (analog-to-digital conversion) module, so that the MCU can collect loop current.
The voltage control signal output end is connected with the same phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5 through the second DAC, the negative electrode of the battery end is connected with the opposite phase end of the second differential amplifier AMP4, the positive electrode of the battery end is connected with the same phase end of the second differential amplifier AMP4, the output end of the second differential amplifier AMP4 is connected with the opposite phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5, and the output end of the third error amplifier AMP5 is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch S1 and the second switch S2. The output end of the second differential amplifier AMP4 is connected with the loop voltage extraction end of the MCU through the second ADC module, so that the MCU can collect loop voltage.
The working principle of the battery charge-discharge seamless switching system in the embodiment of the invention is described as follows:
the battery charging and discharging seamless switching system comprises a constant-current charging stage, a constant-voltage charging stage and a discharging state, wherein the PMOS tube Q2 is conducted in the charging state, the battery is charged through the power end at the moment, the current direction flows into the positive electrode of the battery through the +VBUS end, then flows into the negative electrode of the power end through the battery negative electrode, and flows into the negative electrode of the power end through the sampling resistor R1 and the PMOS tube Q2. In a discharging state, the NMOS tube Q1 is conducted, the television direction flows out from the positive electrode of the battery, flows back to the negative electrode of the battery through the NMOS tube Q1, and discharges the battery through the NMOS tube Q1, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
constant current charging stage: the current control signal output end of the MCU controls the first DAC module to output an analog control voltage I_CTRL of a current signal, the MCU controls the analog switch module to switch to the second switch S2, the control voltage of the current signal is input to the same-phase end of the first error amplifier AMP2, meanwhile, the first differential amplifier AMP3 obtains a voltage quantity I_MON proportional to charging current through the sampling resistor R1 and amplifies the voltage quantity I_MON, the voltage quantity I_MON is input to the inverting end of the second error amplifier AMP2, the second error amplifier AMP2 compares the output quantity of the first DAC module with the feedback quantity of the sampling resistor R1 to form a first error signal to control the conduction degree of the PMOS tube Q2, a constant current loop with negative feedback is realized, and therefore, as long as the output value of the current control signal output end is determined, the final output current can be kept constant, and constant current charging is realized. The output voltage of the first DAC module, together with the sampling resistor R1 and the first differential amplifier AMP3, determines the output current amplitude of the current source, that is, the MCU can control the charging current through the first DAC module by controlling the PMOS tube Q2.
Constant voltage charging phase: at this time, the constant current loop still works, but the constant current loop is not controlled to be constant by the current control signal output end, but the voltage control signal output end of the MCU controls the second DAC module to output an analog control voltage V_CTRL of a voltage signal, the control voltage of the voltage signal is input to the same-phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5, the second differential amplifier AMP4 collects two ends of the battery to obtain a voltage quantity V_MON proportional to the charging voltage and amplifies the voltage quantity V_MON, and then the voltage quantity V_MON is input to the opposite-phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5, the third error amplifier AMP5 forms a second error signal according to the feedback quantity of the charging voltage and the analog control voltage of the voltage signal, and the second error signal is used for controlling the constant current loop to pull out the current required by constant voltage. In the constant-current charging stage, only the constant-current loop works, and in the constant-voltage charging stage, the constant-current loop is nested in the constant-voltage loop, and constant-voltage charging is realized by controlling the constant-current loop through the constant-voltage loop.
Discharge phase: the MCU controls the analog switch module to switch to the first switch S1, the control voltage output by the MCU is input to the same phase end of the first error amplifier AMP1, meanwhile, the first differential amplifier AMP3 obtains a voltage quantity proportional to the discharge current through the sampling resistor R1 and amplifies the voltage quantity, then the voltage quantity is input to the opposite phase end of the first error amplifier AMP1, the output quantity of the control voltage is compared with the feedback quantity of the sampling resistor R1 by the first error amplifier AMP1, a third error signal is formed to control the conduction degree of the NMOS tube Q1, and constant current closed loop discharge of negative feedback is realized.
In the charging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end and is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charging feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be on after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube. In the discharging stage, the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube; the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
The invention adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch module, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, controls the charging and discharging programming signals to be the same, realizes seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching the analog switch module, has simple circuit, can switch the charge and discharge modes in us-level time, and ensures that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charging method. The MOS tube unit adopts a structure of upper N and lower P tubes, and the sources of the PMOS tube and the NMOS tube are used as the reference ground, so that the control voltage required by the MOS tube unit is reduced, the output voltage of the amplifier unit is also reduced, and when the error amplifier with the same slew rate is adopted, the time for establishing a charging and discharging loop can be shortened, and the switching speed of charging and discharging is further improved. The circuit has simple structure, the power absorption and output are born by the power MOS tube unit, the group of circuits can be theoretically unlimited, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized. According to the method, the pulse charging mode of the high-power battery can be realized, seamless switching between positive current and negative current can be realized, and quick response is converted between output power and absorption power according to the battery state.
It should be noted that, in the present invention, the feedback circuit adopts the first differential amplifier AMP3 and the second differential amplifier AMP4, so that the precision of constant current and constant voltage can be improved, the feedback circuit can also directly connect the sampling resistor R1 to the inverting ends of the first error amplifier AMP1 and the second error amplifier AMP2 to form a simple closed loop to realize the current control of charge and discharge, which has the disadvantages that the loop precision formed by single-ended feedback is relatively low, the loop precision is easily interfered by common mode voltage, and the precision of constant voltage and constant current is relatively low, so that the precision of constant current is improved by setting the first differential amplifier AMP3, and the precision of constant voltage is improved by setting the second differential amplifier AMP4 in the embodiment of fig. 1 of the present invention.
It should be noted that in the embodiment of fig. 1 of the present application, only one set of MOS tube units is adopted, but in practical application, multiple sets of MOS tube units may be adopted, where each set of MOS tube units is connected in parallel, and multiple sets of MOS tube units may be stacked according to practical needs to realize high-power output and absorption of several kw. Referring to fig. 2, a schematic diagram of superposition of three sets of MOS transistor units is shown, the three sets of MOS transistor units are controlled by the same error signal output by the switch module, and the same current is controlled by the same control signal, so that power can be distributed evenly, and theoretically, infinite superposition can be achieved.
Referring to fig. 3, the invention also relates to a seamless battery charging and discharging switching method, which comprises the following steps:
s100, charging: the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, switches the second switch S2 to be conducted through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the second error amplifier AMP2, the sampling resistor R1 outputs a charged feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier AMP2 through a feedback circuit, the second error amplifier AMP2 outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube Q2 to be conducted after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube Q2;
s200, discharge stage: the MCU outputs control voltage through a programming signal output end, switches the first switch S1 to be conducted through a switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the same-phase end of the first error amplifier AMP1, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the opposite-phase end of the first error amplifier AMP1 according to the sampling resistor R1, the first error amplifier AMP1 outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube Q1 after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube Q1;
s300, the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
Specifically, the charging stage includes a constant current charging stage and a constant voltage charging stage;
the constant current charging stage is specifically as follows:
the MCU outputs control voltage through a current control signal output end, the second switch S2 is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage of current is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier AMP2, the first differential amplifier AMP3 collects the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor R1, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging current is obtained and is input into the inverting end of the second error amplifier AMP2 as a first feedback signal, the second error amplifier AMP2 forms a first error signal according to the control voltage of current and the first feedback signal to control the conduction degree of the PMOS tube Q2, and a negative feedback constant current loop is formed to charge a battery connected with the battery end;
the constant voltage charging phase is specifically as follows:
the MCU outputs control voltage through the voltage control signal output end and switches the second switch S2 to be conducted through the switching signal output end, the control voltage of the voltage is input to the same-phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5, the second differential amplifier AMP4 collects the voltage at two ends of the battery, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging voltage is obtained and is input to the opposite-phase end of the third error amplifier AMP5 as a second feedback signal, the third error amplifier AMP5 forms a second error signal according to the control voltage of the voltage and the second feedback signal, and the second error signal controls the constant-current loop to pull out current required by constant voltage to charge the battery connected with the battery end.
The invention also relates to a double-image power limit system, which comprises the battery charging and discharging seamless switching system of the embodiment.
The invention also relates to an electronic device comprising the double-quadrant power supply of the embodiment.
The battery charge-discharge seamless switching circuit is simple, the same set of control circuit is adopted for charge and discharge, stability and repeatability are guaranteed, programming signals for controlling charge and discharge are identical, the charge and discharge modes can be switched by controlling the first switch S1 and the second switch S2, the switching of the charge and discharge modes is limited by the speed of an analog switch and the loop establishment time, the switching frequency of most analog switches can reach 10M, and the loop establishment time is always less than 100us, so that the switching time of the whole charge and discharge modes can be easily controlled within 1mS, and seamless switching is realized.
In addition, the analog reference is taken at the connection midpoint of the NMOS tube and the PMOS tube, so that the sampling part shares one sampling resistor and is at the near-ground end, the common-mode voltage is reduced, the current precision can be improved, meanwhile, the output voltage is limited only by the withstand voltage of the power MOS tube, the constant-current output of high voltage can be realized by superposing the MOS tube units, and the power output and absorption of tens of kilowatts can be easily realized by connecting a plurality of power MOS tubes in parallel.
The method adopts the topological structure of the upper N and the lower P pipes, controls the conduction degree of the two groups of MOS pipes by switching programming signals through the analog switch, realizes constant-current or constant-voltage charge and discharge, and can simply realize seamless switching between positive current and negative current by switching charge and discharge modes in us-level time, thereby ensuring that the battery can depolarize by adopting an intermittent-positive and negative pulse charge method.
The novel high-power LED power supply is simple in wiring, does not have complex wiring, and does not need to use high-power conducting diodes, switches, relays and other devices to increase machine heat dissipation. The same resistor is used for collecting current and voltage at the same point, and the constant voltage and the constant current are more accurate. The circuit architecture is simple, the power absorption and output are born by the power mos tube, the group of circuits can be theoretically infinite, and the power output and absorption of more than tens of kilowatts can be simply realized.
The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and various changes can be made within the knowledge of one of ordinary skill in the art without departing from the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. A battery charge-discharge seamless switching system, comprising:
the battery end is used for connecting a battery;
the power supply end is used for connecting a power supply;
the MOS tube unit comprises an NMOS tube and a PMOS tube, the drain electrode of the NMOS tube is respectively connected with the positive electrode of the battery end and the positive electrode of the power end, the source electrode of the NMOS tube is connected with the source electrode of the PMOS tube as reference ground, the drain electrode of the PMOS tube is connected with the negative electrode of the power end, and the common end of the NMOS tube and the common end of the PMOS tube are connected with the negative electrode of the battery end through a sampling resistor;
the MCU is provided with a programming signal output end and a switching signal output end;
the analog switch module is internally provided with a first switch and a second switch, the switching signal output end is connected with the control end of the analog switch module and used for switching the first switch and the second switch, the first switch and the second switch are in mutually exclusive states, and the programming signal output end is respectively connected with the input ends of the first switch and the second switch;
the amplifier unit comprises a first error amplifier and a second error amplifier, wherein the output end of the first switch is connected with the in-phase end of the first error amplifier, the output end of the second switch is connected with the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor is respectively connected with the inverting ends of the first error amplifier and the second error amplifier through a feedback circuit, the output end of the first error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the NMOS tube, and the output end of the second error amplifier is connected with the grid electrode of the PMOS tube.
2. The battery charge-discharge seamless switching system according to claim 1, wherein the feedback circuit comprises a first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the battery terminal is connected with the in-phase terminal of the first differential amplifier, the common terminal of the sampling resistor and the NMOS tube and the PMOS tube is connected with the inverting terminal of the first differential amplifier, and the output terminal of the first differential amplifier is respectively connected with the inverting terminals of the first error amplifier and the second error amplifier.
3. The battery charge-discharge seamless switching system according to claim 2, wherein the output end of the first differential amplifier is connected to the loop current extraction end of the MCU through a first ADC module.
4. The battery charge-discharge seamless switching system according to claim 2, wherein the amplifier unit further comprises a third error amplifier, the feedback circuit further comprises a second differential amplifier, the programming signal output terminal comprises a current control signal output terminal and a voltage control signal output terminal, the current control signal output terminal is respectively connected with the input terminals of the first switch and the second switch through a first DAC, the voltage control signal output terminal is connected with the same-phase terminal of the third error amplifier through a second DAC, the negative electrode of the battery terminal is connected with the opposite-phase terminal of the second differential amplifier, the positive electrode of the battery terminal is connected with the same-phase terminal of the second differential amplifier, the output terminal of the second differential amplifier is connected with the opposite-phase terminal of the third error amplifier, and the output terminal of the third error amplifier is respectively connected with the input terminals of the first switch and the second switch.
5. The seamless battery charge-discharge switching system according to claim 4, wherein the output end of the second differential amplifier is connected to the loop voltage extraction end of the MCU through a second ADC module.
6. The seamless battery charge-discharge switching system according to claim 1, wherein the MOS transistor units are in a plurality of groups, and each group of MOS transistor units are connected in parallel.
7. A battery charge-discharge seamless switching method applied to the system of any one of claims 1 to 6, comprising the steps of:
charging: the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end, switches the second switch to be conducted through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the sampling resistor outputs a charged feedback quantity to the inverting end of the second error amplifier through the feedback circuit, the second error amplifier outputs an error signal to control the PMOS tube to be conducted after comparing the control voltage with the feedback quantity, and the power end charges a battery connected with the battery end through the PMOS tube;
discharge phase: the MCU outputs control voltage through the programming signal output end, the first switch is switched on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage is input into the in-phase end of the first error amplifier, the feedback circuit outputs a charged feedback quantity to the inverting end of the first error amplifier according to the sampling resistor, the first error amplifier compares the control voltage with the feedback quantity and then outputs an error signal to control the conduction of the NMOS tube, and the battery discharges through the NMOS tube;
the MCU performs depolarization treatment on the battery through switching between a charging stage and a discharging stage.
8. The battery charge-discharge seamless switching method according to claim 7, wherein the charging phase includes a constant current charging phase and a constant voltage charging phase;
the constant current charging stage is specifically as follows:
the MCU outputs control voltage through a current control signal output end, the second switch is switched on through a switching signal output end, the control voltage of the current is input into the in-phase end of the second error amplifier, the first differential amplifier collects the voltage at two ends of the sampling resistor, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging current is obtained and is input into the reverse-phase end of the second error amplifier as a first feedback signal, the second error amplifier forms a first error signal according to the control voltage of the current and the first feedback signal to control the conduction degree of the PMOS tube, and a negative feedback constant-current loop is formed to charge a battery connected with the battery end;
the constant voltage charging stage is specifically as follows:
the MCU outputs control voltage through the voltage control signal output end and switches the second switch on through the switching signal output end, the control voltage of the voltage is input into the in-phase end of the third error amplifier, the second differential amplifier collects the voltage of the two ends of the battery, the voltage quantity proportional to the charging voltage is obtained and is input into the reverse-phase end of the third error amplifier as a second feedback signal, the third error amplifier forms a second error signal according to the control voltage of the voltage and the second feedback signal, and the second error signal controls the constant-current loop to pull out current required by constant voltage to charge the battery connected with the battery end.
9. A dual-quadrant power supply comprising a battery charge-discharge seamless switching system according to any one of claims 1 to 6.
10. An electronic device comprising the dual-quadrant power supply of claim 9.
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| CN202424264U (en) * | 2012-02-09 | 2012-09-05 | 广州市君盘实业有限公司 | Positive and negative pulse charge-discharge control system for power battery charger |
| CN104218646B (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-09 | 南通钰泰电子科技有限公司 | A kind of portable power source charging circuit |
| US10193366B2 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2019-01-29 | Potential Difference, Inc. | Rapid battery charging |
| CN106564393B (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2023-08-25 | 华南理工大学 | High-power intelligent rapid charging power supply system of electric automobile and control method |
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