CN116188626A - Automatic deriving method for large scale topographic map complex symbol - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to an automatic deriving method of a large scale topographic map complex symbol, which comprises the following steps: step A: determining derived modes of four large-scale topographic map complex symbols through structural features of the deconstructed complex symbols, and establishing a mode layer comprising a characteristic point mode, a centroid mode, a characteristic line mode and a parallel line mode; and (B) step (B): based on the four modes determined in the step A, according to the types of complex symbols, single use or combined use of various modes is used for deriving the complex symbols, and a logic layer is established; step C: based on the mode layer established in the step A and the logic layer established in the step B, fully automatic deriving complex symbols in actual production of the topographic map; the method directly operates the geographic entity data, the local limit of the topographic map drawing is greatly reduced, and the drawing result visualization effect is good; compared with the prior art, the drawing efficiency is improved by more than 10 times.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of map graphics, in particular to an automatic deriving method for complex symbols of a large-scale topographic map.
Background
The scale bar is' 1:500"," 1:1000 "and" 1:2000 "of large scale topography plays a very important role in economic construction, and mapping practitioners have much work on the basis of such maps, so readability of topography is important;
in order to make the topography map intuitively readable, topography map symbols are used to express the positions and types of space elements in the mapping process; the topographic map symbols provide a map language means for the transmission of spatial information, and the scale relationships can be divided into non-scale symbols, semi-scale symbols and scale symbols;
in China, symbols and usage of the topographic map are unified according to the map specification of the national basic scale map, but a plurality of complex symbols, such as linear symbols of steep slopes, power lines and the like, are difficult to manufacture; how to make the symbols of the topographic map drawings according to the standard is a problem to be solved;
in the prior art, the AutoCAD is adopted to draw the complex topographic symbol of the large scale topographic map: the method mainly comprises the steps of defining punctuation marks by attribute blocks, defining and manufacturing linear files and surface filling files according to built-in grammar of AutoCAD, wherein the existing technology adopts AutoCAD drawing, the drawing process is long in time consumption, large in labor quantity and needs built-in command interaction;
in the prior art, the ArcGIS is also utilized to realize the drawing of the topographic map symbols with large scale, and the drawing of part of topographic map symbols is mainly finished in a combined mode by mainly depending on the symbolization function provided by the platform; the similar prior art also has platforms such as MicroStation, qinghua mountain View and the like, and is a research of drawing a custom symbol under the self graphic editing function of the existing software; the drawing mode uses the symbol editing function provided by the platform, so that the drawing efficiency is low, and particularly, the drawing efficiency is extremely low for drawing complex symbols;
in the prior art, a topographic map symbol automatic drawing technology based on programming is also provided, most of complex symbol editing at present is basically performed on the basis of the interface of the platform for secondary development to expand the symbolization function so as to achieve the purpose of automatically drawing complex symbols; the existing topographic map symbol automatic drawing technology based on program design specifically comprises the steps of splitting symbols, analyzing and forming graphic elements, interacting with a platform interface through a program language such as VBA and the like, and combining different graphic elements to finish drawing of complex symbols;
compared with the prior art adopting AutoCAD, arcGIS, the automation degree is improved to a certain extent, but the topographic map symbol automatic drawing technology based on programming is limited by the point line-plane type interaction mode under the platform interface, and the drawing capability of certain complex symbols still has limitation; for example, when the method is used for drawing the shed, the method cannot locate the position of the corner line, so that the shed corner line cannot be drawn;
therefore, those skilled in the art have focused on developing an automatic derivation method for complex symbols of large scale topographic maps, which aims to solve the problems of the prior art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art, the present invention aims to solve the technical problems that in the prior art, the drawing process based on AutoCAD consumes a long time, has large labor capacity, and requires built-in command interaction; the symbol editing function provided by the platform itself must be used based on ArcGIS, and the drawing efficiency is low, especially for the drawing of complex symbols, the drawing efficiency is extremely low; the topographic map symbol automatic drawing technology based on programming is limited by the interactive mode under the dotted line and the plane under the platform interface, and the drawing capability of some complex symbols still has limitation and cannot be drawn.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides an automatic deriving method for complex symbols of a large scale topographic map, comprising the following steps:
step A: determining derived modes of four large-scale topographic map complex symbols through structural features of the deconstructed complex symbols, and establishing a mode layer comprising a characteristic point mode, a centroid mode, a characteristic line mode and a parallel line mode;
and (B) step (B): based on the four modes determined in the step A, according to the types of complex symbols, single use or combined use of various modes is used for deriving the complex symbols, and a logic layer is established;
step C: based on the mode layer established in the step A and the logic layer established in the step B, fully automatic deriving complex symbols in actual production of the topographic map;
in the step a, the feature point mode is as follows: feature points mainly refer to key nodes on line entities or plane entity boundaries, and the nodes often show obvious angle changes relative to other nodes;
in the step a, centroid mode: centroid patterns are the locations of certain symbols, including the locations relative to other symbols and the absolute locations of the symbols themselves, by taking the centroid of the surface entity;
in the step a, the characteristic line mode is as follows: the characteristic line mode is mainly to acquire lines with obvious characteristics or hidden characteristics on or in the surface entity;
in the step a, parallel line mode: the parallel line mode is mainly used for a scene that after the characteristic point mode analysis, only four surface entities of the characteristic points are filled with a plurality of parallel or approximately parallel lines.
And (B) step (B): based on the four modes determined in the step A, carrying out complex symbol derivation according to complex symbol types;
the step B, the complex symbol deriving method comprises the following steps: feature point mode derivation, centroid mode derivation, feature line mode derivation, parallel line mode derivation and mode combination derivation;
the basic principle of feature point mode derivation in the step B is divided into four steps:
(1) calculating the angle of each node in the line-face entity data;
(2) filtering to obtain nodes within a preset angle range as characteristic points;
(3) secondarily screening or expanding the feature point set according to symbol patterns corresponding to the geographic entities in the standard;
(4) finally, deriving detailed symbols based on the processed feature point set;
the basic principle of centroid mode derivation in the step B is divided into three steps:
(1) determining the centroid of solid data, wherein the centroid of convex solid data is a geometric center; the centroid of the concave entity data is determined according to the magnitude of concavity;
(2) locating the absolute position of the complex symbol based on the centroid position;
(3) extracting feature points of the complex symbol in the feature point mode, and drawing the complex symbol according to the feature point set and the centroid;
the basic principle of feature line mode derivation in the step B is divided into three steps:
(1) identifying a characteristic line;
(2) extracting required characteristic lines according to symbol patterns corresponding to geographic entities in the standard;
(3) based on the feature line extraction result, carrying out corresponding complex symbol derivation;
the basic principle of parallel line mode derivation in the step B is divided into four steps:
(1) determining a reference edge;
(2) copying and equally inserting parallel lines of a plurality of reference edges at intervals to derive complex symbols;
(3) further processing the situation of parallel lines in the detail of the symbol, namely 'hanging' situation, and subdividing the situation into two situations of external hanging and internal hanging of the entity data;
(4) finally, based on the processed detailed symbols, carrying out corresponding complex symbol derivation;
further, in the step a, if there are other derived patterns, decomposing the graph according to the actual situation to obtain a plurality of parallel patterns with four feature points;
further, the parallel line mode is different from the characteristic line mode, and parallel lines derived from the parallel line mode do not belong to the original characteristics of the line-plane entity, so that the mode needs to be summarized;
further, the mode combination in the step B is derived, and the complex symbols of the large-scale topographic map can be automatically derived by decomposing the composition of the complex symbols and singly or in combination using the four modes of the characteristic point mode, the centroid mode, the characteristic line mode and the parallel mode;
by adopting the scheme, the automatic deriving method of the complex symbols of the large-scale topographic map has the following advantages:
(1) According to the automatic deriving method of the large-scale topographic map complex symbol, interaction is not carried out between the platform interface and the dot-line surface class, so that the geographic entity data is directly operated, no matter how complex the symbol is designed, the symbol can be still decomposed and drawn, and the limitation of topographic map drawing is greatly reduced; the drawing achievement has good visualization effect;
(2) Compared with the symbol editing function or the plug-in for secondary development provided by the software platform in the prior art, the automatic deriving method of the large-scale topographic map complex symbol directly operates the geographic entity data without participation of drawing staff in cooperation or built-in command interaction, directly operates the geographic entity data, and has high drawing efficiency; the method is high in efficiency for drawing complex symbols, and the production efficiency of the topographic map is greatly improved; compared with the manual interactive drawing, one person/day can finish 1 to 2 topographic map drawing tasks; the method can complete 20 topographic map drawing achievements by one person/day after automatic derivation, and the efficiency is improved by more than 10 times;
in summary, the automatic deriving method of the large-scale topographic map complex symbol disclosed by the invention directly operates the geographic entity data, and no matter how complex the symbol is designed, the symbol can still be decomposed and drawn, so that the limitation of topographic map drawing is greatly reduced; the drawing achievement has good visualization effect; compared with the prior art, the drawing efficiency is improved by more than 10 times.
The conception, specific technical scheme, and technical effects produced by the present invention will be further described in conjunction with the specific embodiments below to fully understand the objects, features, and effects of the present invention.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap of an automatic deriving method for complex symbols of a large scale topographic map of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of automatic deriving of a shed in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic point encryption process in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing centroid pattern derivation of convex entities in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing centroid pattern derivation of a concave entity in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a derivative of the characteristic line pattern according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the derivation of the "unreinforced ramp" symbol in example 1 of the present invention;
fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of four feature point extraction according to embodiment 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic representation of a parallel line derivative of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the third parallel line derivative of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of a "gantry crane" according to example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a pattern exploded concept;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram of the map drawing result of a large scale topographic map of an area completed by the method of the present invention;
fig. 14 is a scene reference diagram of deriving complex symbols after other patterns are used in combination.
Detailed Description
The following describes a number of preferred embodiments of the present invention to make its technical contents more clear and easy to understand. This invention may be embodied in many different forms of embodiments which are exemplary of the description and the scope of the invention is not limited to only the embodiments set forth herein.
Noun interpretation:
geographic entity: a geographic entity refers to an object in the real world that has a geographic characteristic, such as a house, a road, etc., and more in a topography represents an artificial geographic entity.
Example 1,
As shown in the figure, FIG. 1 is a technical roadmap of an automatic deriving method of complex symbols of a large scale topographic map of the present invention; in this example 1, step a: determining derived modes of four large-scale topographic map complex symbols through structural features of the deconstructed complex symbols, and establishing a mode layer comprising a characteristic point mode, a centroid mode, a characteristic line mode and a parallel line mode;
and (B) step (B): based on the four modes determined in the step A, according to the types of complex symbols, single use or combined use of various modes is used for deriving the complex symbols, and a logic layer is established;
step C: based on the mode layer established in the step A and the logic layer established in the step B, fully automatic deriving complex symbols in actual production of the topographic map;
in the step a, the feature point mode is as follows: feature points mainly refer to key nodes on line entities or plane entity boundaries, and the nodes often show obvious angle changes relative to other nodes;
in the step a, centroid mode: centroid patterns are the locations of certain symbols, including the locations relative to other symbols and the absolute locations of the symbols themselves, by taking the centroid of the surface entity;
in the step a, the characteristic line mode is as follows: the characteristic line mode is mainly to acquire lines with obvious characteristics or hidden characteristics on or in the surface entity;
in the step a, parallel line mode: the parallel line mode is mainly used for a scene that after the characteristic point mode analysis, only four surface entities of the characteristic points are filled with a plurality of parallel or approximately parallel lines.
In the step A, if the derivative mode of other conditions exists, decomposing the graph according to the actual conditions to obtain a plurality of parallel line modes with four characteristic points;
the parallel line mode is different from the characteristic line mode, and the parallel lines derived from the parallel line mode do not belong to the original characteristics of the line-plane entity and need to be summarized in different modes;
in specific implementation, the feature point mode derivation in step B described in embodiment 1 includes two parts, namely feature point extraction firstly, and then feature point processing, and complex symbols are derived based on feature points;
(1) the characteristic point extraction comprises the following specific steps:
step 1: calculating the angle of each node in the line-plane entity according to the formula (1), wherein A ie And A si Respectively referring to azimuth angles of a front node e and a rear node e and s by a node i; if angle A i Greater than 180 °,180 ° is subtracted;
step 2: characteristic points are selected according to the angle filtering conditions, wherein the angle filtering conditions comprise two types:
1) Selecting a neighborhood: the selection range is R epsilon A O -A δ ,A O +A δ ]，A O For the upper limit of the range of candidate angles, A δ Upper and lower floatable range values for the upper limit of the range, e.g. the angle threshold is set to 90 °, A δ Preset to 20 °, then angle a i In the range of 70 DEG, 110 DEG]The node corresponding to the inner is selected as a characteristic point;
2) Neighborhood negation: the selection range is
For example A δ Preset to 20 °, then angle a i At [160 DEG, 180 DEG]The corresponding node in the range cannot be selected as the feature point.
In the specific implementation, one or two angle filtering conditions can be selected according to the actual situation;
(2) feature point processing and complex symbol derivation
The feature point set obtained by initial extraction may not satisfy the drawing of some complex symbols, and there are two problems: firstly, the number of feature point sets is large, which can interfere the drawing of some complex symbols; secondly, the number is smaller, and the rendering interpretation of some complex symbols is lower; for these two problems, the processing scenario of the feature point set is divided into two types:
i, secondary filtering of characteristic point set
According to the complex symbol type, selecting whether to filter the characteristic point mode for the second timeThe specific method of the feature point set comprises the following steps: according to formula (2), the node internal angle IA is used i Or external angle OA i Further filtering; the outer angle and the inner angle are determined according to the direction, when the angle is calculated clockwise, the right angle in the advancing direction is the inner angle, and the left angle in the advancing direction is the outer angle; on the contrary, when looking up anticlockwise, the left corner of the advancing direction is the inner corner, and the right corner of the advancing direction is the outer corner. If the external angle OA i Negative, 360 ° added;
as shown in the figure, fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of automatic deriving of the shed in embodiment 1 of the present invention; according to the canopy angle line generation requirement, the angle of the canopy inner angle greater than 180 degrees does not need to generate the canopy angle line, but the inner angle IA of the feature point "3" in fig. 2 (a) 3 Greater than 180 °, thus discarding the feature point; obtaining an angular line generated after the shed as shown in the figure 2 (b) generates an angular bisector according to the retained characteristic points and the internal angle information, wherein the length of the angular line is determined according to the national basic scale topographic map graphic standard;
feature Point set encryption
Selecting whether to supplement a feature point set obtained by feature point mode selection according to the complex symbol type; for example, the sign of a power line is composed of points representing a 'telegraph pole' and arrows extending outwards based on the points, and after feature points are extracted through a feature point mode, for the purpose of uniformly symbolizing the power line, it is generally required to further judge whether the feature points are far apart;
as shown in the figure, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a characteristic point encryption process in embodiment 1 of the present invention; in the figure, feature point set { P i＝1...n In the two feature points P, there are a head point s, a tail point e j And P k It can be seen that P j And P k The distance between the two is longer;
wherein the distance between the two is calculated by using Euclidean distance formula (3), wherein (x j ，y j )，(x k ，y k ) Respectively the characteristic points P j And P k Coordinates of (c); if the distance D between the two is greater than a certain distance D ε And there is no other characteristic point between the two points, which needs to be at P j And P k Performing characteristic point encryption; wherein D is ε The encryption principle is that, according to the general distance d between two telegraph poles in the real world, the encryption principle can be set as 2 d: if the distance D between the two is more than 2D, judging whether the original node of the wired entity exists in each D distance, and if so, adding the node or the node group into the feature point set;
in particular, the centroid pattern derivation in step B described in this embodiment 1 includes two parts: firstly, determining a centroid; secondly, drawing complex symbols based on centroid;
in the specific implementation, according to the concave-convex characteristics of the surface entity, two processing conditions exist:
(1) centroid mode derivation of convex entity:
FIG. 4 is a diagram showing centroid pattern derivation of convex entities in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
the centroid of the convex entity is the geometric center, as shown in fig. 4, taking the suspended corridor as an example, extracting the corner points by using the characteristic point mode, and connecting the corner points by the centroid to obtain the cross line.
(2) Centroid mode derivation of concave entity:
FIG. 5 is a diagram showing centroid pattern derivation of a concave entity in embodiment 1 of the present invention; the basic principle is as follows:
step 1: as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the centroid P of the concave entity A is obtained o Obtaining a minimum circumscribed rectangle R and a centroid R of a concave entity A o Wherein to distinguish R from a, R is represented by a dotted line and a is represented by a solid line;
step 2: as shown in FIG. 5 (b), the centroid R o A diagonal line of the minimum circumscribed rectangle R is made;
step 3: as shown in FIG. 5 (c), according to centroid R o And centroid P o Is to make the diagonal line flat as a wholeMove to centroid P o A location;
step 4: as shown in fig. 5 (d), the diagonal outside the concave entity a is cut and discarded, and if the end point of the cut diagonal is not on the surface entity a, it is extended to the boundary of the surface entity a, and finally the intersection line of the surface entity a is obtained.
In specific implementation, the process of deriving the characteristic line pattern in step B in this embodiment 1 includes two parts: firstly, feature line identification and secondly, drawing complex symbols based on the feature lines;
(1) and (3) characteristic line identification:
as shown in the figure, fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of a derivative of the characteristic line pattern in embodiment 1 of the present invention;
taking the identification of the feature lines of the upper and lower edge lines of the surface entity as an example, the steps of how the upper and lower edge feature lines are identified will be described with reference to fig. 6:
step 1: as shown in fig. 6 (a), constructing a face entity constraint Delaunay triangle network, and acquiring a face entity main skeleton line;
step 2: as shown in fig. 6 (b), constructing a dot line topology of a main skeleton line and a face entity, and dividing an arc segment of the face entity data into two parts by utilizing a head end point s and a tail end point e of the main skeleton line, wherein the left side of the advancing direction of the main skeleton line is defined as a left curve, and the right side is defined as a right curve;
step 3: as shown in fig. 6 (c), four feature points are acquired using a feature point pattern;
step 4: as shown in fig. 6 (d), arc segments between the feature points and the head and tail ends of the main skeleton line are deleted, so as to obtain upper and lower edge lines of the face entity.
(2) Deriving complex symbols based on feature lines:
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the derivation of the "unreinforced ramp" symbol in accordance with embodiment 1 of the present invention; based on the identification results of the characteristic lines of the upper edge and the lower edge, taking the derivation of the sign of the 'unreinforced slope' as an example, the derivation steps are as follows:
step 1: only one of the upper and lower edge lines (generally the upper edge line) is reserved according to the requirement, and the length L of the edge line is calculated;
step 2: calculating the sampling number N of the characteristic points on the edge line S ，N S ＝L/D S Wherein D is S The sampling interval for the shorter side is dependent on the drawing standard. According to D S Distance to insert N on edge line S Feature points;
step 3: as shown in fig. 7 (a), taking an upper edge line as an example, the vertical line of each feature point perpendicular to the upper edge line is extended inwards, and the distance between the vertical lines is determined according to the distance between the upper edge line and the lower edge line, so that a plurality of tooth lines of unreinforced slopes can be obtained;
step 4: as shown in fig. 7 (b), among the feature points on the edge line, a midpoint is taken between every two feature points, the feature points extend inwards to form perpendicular lines perpendicular to the upper edge line at the respective midpoints, the distance between the perpendicular lines is one third of the length of a single tooth line, and then a plurality of foot lines of the unreinforced slopes are obtained, and the derivation of unreinforced slope symbols is completed.
In particular, the parallel line mode derivation process in step B described in this embodiment 1 includes two parts: firstly, determining reference edges of parallel lines, and secondly, copying and inserting parallel lines of a plurality of reference edges at equal intervals to derive complex symbols;
(1) reference edge determination:
as shown in the figure, fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of four feature point extraction in embodiment 1 of the present invention; as shown in fig. 8, first, feature points "a", "b", "c", "d" of a surface entity are acquired by using feature point patterns, and if the start point of the node set of the surface entity is "a", then the edge E is defined clockwise bc As reference edge E Base All parallel lines are formed opposite the reference edge.
(2) Parallel line derivatives:
as shown, fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of a parallel line derivative of embodiment 1 of the present invention;
according to the reference edge E Base Whether the degree of curvature is greater than the curvature ρ, there are two parallel line processing scenarios:
i reference edge E Base Curvature is less than the bending rate ρ:
step 1: calculation of E respectively ab And E is cd The longer side is denoted as L, and the shorter side is denoted as L;
step 4: similarly, if the node origin of the face entity is "d", then reference edge E Base For E ab The parallel line mode processing result is shown in fig. 9 (b);
II reference edge E Base Curvature is equal to or greater than the curvature rate ρ:
step 1: calculation of E respectively ab And E is cd The longer side is recorded as L;
step 2: duplicating L/SD reference edges E Base SD is the distance between parallel lines, and one parallel line is made for each SD distance;
step 3: discarding parallel lines outside the plane entity, cutting all copied parallel lines by using the plane entity, and if one or two ends of the copied parallel lines are inside the plane entity, extending a head line and a tail line until the head line and the tail line are on the boundary of the plane entity;
FIG. 10 is a schematic representation of the third parallel line derivative of example 1 of the present invention; after the processing, a plurality of parallel reference edges E as shown in FIG. 10 are obtained Base Is a parallel line of (c).
In specific implementation, mode combination derivation in step B described in this embodiment 1 is described with reference to fig. 11 and 12;
as shown in the figure, FIG. 11 is a symbol pattern diagram of a "gantry crane" according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, and FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a schematic view of a pattern decomposition concept;
the following is derived by decomposing the structure of the "gantry crane" symbol pattern shown in fig. 11, and performing pattern combination:
(1) decomposition idea
In the portal crane, an upper line and a lower line are parallel, a vertical line exists at the end points of the portal crane, a figure with a detail at the center position is connected with the upper line and the lower line of the detail figure, and the portal crane is decomposed by combining the idea of a derived mode, such as the decomposition idea of fig. 12, and three modes exist, including a characteristic line mode, a characteristic point mode and a centroid mode;
(2) derivation step
Step 1: acquiring upper and lower edge lines of a face entity through a characteristic line mode to obtain a first decomposition graph in FIG. 12;
step 2: positioning the head and tail end points of the upper and lower edge lines, making a vertical line of the edge line through the end points, wherein the vertical line is 2 times of the line width, and reversely extending for 1 time to obtain a second decomposed graph in FIG. 12;
step 3: obtaining the centroid of the surface entity through a centroid mode;
step 4: the length and width attributes of the specific detail graph are in the national topographic map drawing standard, the peripheral line can be drawn based on the centroid position, the detail graph can be obtained by connecting the corner points, and the detail graph is integrally translated to the centroid position, so that the third graph in FIG. 12 is obtained;
step 5: calculating the distance between the upper edge line and the lower edge line, calculating the length and the relative position of the fourth decomposition graph in FIG. 12 by calculating the length and the width of the detail graph, and inserting the graph in the connecting line direction between the centroid and the midpoint of the edge line based on the centroid position to finish the combined drawing of the 'gantry crane';
as shown, fig. 14 is a scene reference diagram of deriving complex symbols after other patterns are used in combination; in fig. 14, symbol expression examples of other different elements in the basic geographic entity data are listed, and by decomposing the composition of the complex symbols, the complex symbols of the large-scale topographic map can be automatically derived by using the characteristic point mode, the centroid mode, the characteristic line mode and the parallel line mode singly or in combination;
as shown in the figure, fig. 13 is a schematic diagram of the map drawing result of a large scale of a certain area comprehensively completed by adopting the method of the invention, and when the method is implemented, the actual investigation of the local map production working condition is known. According to statistics, under the condition of manual interactive drawing, one person/day can finish 1 to 2 topographic map drawing tasks; by using the method, 20 topographic map drawing achievements can be completed by one person/day after automatic derivation, and the efficiency is improved by more than 10 times.
In summary, according to the technical scheme, because the platform interface is not interacted with the dotted line and the plane, the geographic entity data is directly operated, no matter how complex the symbol is designed, the symbol can still be decomposed and drawn, and the limitation of the topographic map drawing is greatly reduced; the drawing achievement has good visualization effect; compared with the prior art based on the symbol editing function or the plug-in of secondary development provided by the software platform, the method directly operates the geographic entity data without participation of cartographic personnel in cooperation or built-in command interaction, and directly operates the geographic entity data, so that the drawing efficiency is high; the method is high in efficiency for drawing complex symbols, and the production efficiency of the topographic map is greatly improved; compared with the manual interactive drawing, one person/day can finish 1 to 2 topographic map drawing tasks; the method can complete 20 topographic map drawing achievements by one person/day after automatic derivation, and the efficiency is improved by more than 10 times.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by a person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (9)
1. An automatic deriving method for complex symbols of a large scale topographic map is characterized by comprising the following steps:
step A: determining derived modes of four large-scale topographic map complex symbols through structural features of the deconstructed complex symbols, and establishing a mode layer comprising a characteristic point mode, a centroid mode, a characteristic line mode and a parallel line mode;
and (B) step (B): based on the four modes determined in the step A, according to the types of complex symbols, single use or combined use of various modes is used for deriving the complex symbols, and a logic layer is established;
step C: based on the mode layer established in the step A and the logic layer established in the step B, complex symbols are fully automatically derived in the actual production of the topographic map.
2. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
in the step a, the feature point mode is as follows: feature points mainly refer to key nodes on line entities or plane entity boundaries, and the nodes often show obvious angle changes relative to other nodes;
in the step a, centroid mode: centroid patterns are the locations of certain symbols, including the locations relative to other symbols and the absolute locations of the symbols themselves, by taking the centroid of the surface entity;
in the step a, the characteristic line mode is as follows: the characteristic line mode is mainly to acquire lines with obvious characteristics or hidden characteristics on or in the surface entity;
in the step a, parallel line mode: the parallel line mode is mainly used for a scene that after the characteristic point mode analysis, only four surface entities of the characteristic points are filled with a plurality of parallel or approximately parallel lines.
3. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
the step B, the complex symbol deriving method comprises the following steps: feature point pattern derivation, centroid pattern derivation, feature line pattern derivation, parallel line pattern derivation, pattern combination derivation.
4. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
the basic principle of feature point mode derivation in the step B is divided into four steps:
(1) calculating the angle of each node in the line-face entity data;
(2) filtering to obtain nodes within a preset angle range as characteristic points;
(3) secondarily screening or expanding the feature point set according to symbol patterns corresponding to the geographic entities in the standard;
(4) and finally, deriving the detail symbol based on the processed feature point set.
5. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
the basic principle of centroid mode derivation in the step B is divided into three steps:
(1) determining the centroid of solid data, wherein the centroid of convex solid data is a geometric center; the centroid of the concave entity data is determined according to the magnitude of concavity;
(2) locating the absolute position of the complex symbol based on the centroid position;
(3) and extracting characteristic points of the complex symbol by the characteristic point mode, and drawing the complex symbol according to the characteristic point set and the centroid.
6. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
the basic principle of feature line mode derivation in the step B is divided into three steps:
(1) identifying a characteristic line;
(2) extracting required characteristic lines according to symbol patterns corresponding to geographic entities in the standard;
(3) and based on the feature line extraction result, performing corresponding complex symbol derivation.
7. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
the basic principle of parallel line mode derivation in the step B is divided into four steps:
(1) determining a reference edge;
(2) copying and equally inserting parallel lines of a plurality of reference edges at intervals to derive complex symbols;
(3) further processing the situation of parallel lines in the detail of the symbol, namely 'hanging' situation, and subdividing the situation into two situations of external hanging and internal hanging of the entity data;
(4) and finally, based on the processed detail symbol, performing corresponding complex symbol derivation.
8. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
in the step A, if the derivative mode of other conditions exists, decomposing the graph according to the actual conditions to obtain a plurality of parallel line modes with four characteristic points;
the parallel line mode is different from the characteristic line mode, and parallel lines derived from the parallel line mode do not belong to the original characteristics of the line-plane entity, so that the mode needs to be summarized.
9. The automatic deriving method according to claim 1, wherein,
and B, deriving the mode combination, namely, decomposing the composition of the complex symbol, and singly or jointly using the characteristic point mode, the centroid mode, the characteristic line mode and the parallel line mode to automatically derive the complex symbol of the large-scale topographic map.
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| US20170352174A1 (en) * | 2014-12-19 | 2017-12-07 | Sergey Anatol'evich GORISHNIY | Method and system for visual data management |
| CN108022273A (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2018-05-11 | 中国测绘科学研究院 | A kind of figure number Detachable drafting method and system |
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