CN102708587A - Method and system for acquiring three-dimensional building information rapidly - Google Patents
Method and system for acquiring three-dimensional building information rapidly Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and system for acquiring the three-dimensional building information rapidly. The method comprises the following steps: preparing data, processing data and generating data. The method comprises the following specific steps: (1) preprocessing the original data; (2) acquiring the critical elevation value; (3) guiding the data into service processing software; (4) converting a coordinate system; (5) classifying the point layer data; (6) establishing a digital terrain model and acquiring a terrain continuously-varying interval; (7) checking and extracting points on buildings; (8) calculating the height of the buildings; and (9) establishing and displaying the digital three-dimensional models of the buildings. A method for constructing a digital city rapidly according to the buildings in a set area is designed by using the system integrating mode, and the three-dimensional models of the city buildings can be established and displayed rapidly. The method can be applied to the fields of land utilization condition survey, the digital city construction and the like. The method and the system can be used for acquiring the three-dimensional building information rapidly and effectively at low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to obtain the three-dimensional building areas of information technology; Relate in particular to a kind of LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging that obtains fast; Laser radar) method and system of cloud data and DLG (Digital Line Graphic, digital line layout figure) data integration three-dimensional building information.
Background technology
Accelerated development along with industrialization, urbanization; The hysteresis quality of urban information becomes the problem that current development presses for solution, and how quick, effective, the cheap City Building information of obtaining is set up the digital city is the problem that current city managers generally are concerned about.In addition, when carrying out the land consolidation saving utilization evaluation of cities and towns village, it also is a very important aspect that building information obtains, and obtaining City Building information fast also is a vital technical support for the land consolidation saving evaluation of cities and towns village.
At present, obtaining building space information sets up the method for buildings digital three-dimensional and mainly contains three types: (1) artificial method of extracting; (2) aerophotographic method; (3) method of laser scanning.
The artificial method of extracting is exactly that interpretation according to the people is from image or read out the information of each buildings on the spot, owing to fully extract according to people's experience and method, thereby speed is slow, the man power and material of labor.
Aerophotographic method mainly is to adopt stereogram; Rebuild buildings 3D model through characteristic matching and collinearity condition equation, wherein matching algorithm has directly determined result's correctness and integrality, and individual image of employing is also arranged in addition; Utilize the buildings shade to calculate the building object height; Set up the buildings three-dimensional digital model, but can only be applied to the buildings of regular geometry usually, and reliability and precision all can not effectively be guaranteed.
The method that adopts laser scanning to set up three-dimensional model building is recent development a kind of technology of getting up; Main mode is to adopt airborne or ground three-dimensional laser scanner, makes up laser point cloud, thereby sets up three-dimensional model building; This kind method precision is high; But need to handle a large amount of cloud datas, workload is big, process is complicated, the processing time is long, yet we do not need so high precision to obtaining of three-dimensional model building yet in application.
In addition; The mode that at present adopts the aviation image data to combine with laser scanning data is in addition obtained the mode of three-dimensional model building; Main adopt high-resolution aviation image to obtain buildings face profile information, adopt laser scanning data to obtain elevation information, this mode of obtaining the architecture enclosing profile by aviation image need adopt respective algorithms to extract contour of building; And only suitable, and also have a lot of contour of building effectively to extract to the buildings of profile rule.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to design a kind of novel method of obtaining three-dimensional building information fast, address the above problem.
To achieve these goals, the technical scheme of the present invention's employing is following:
A kind of method of obtaining three-dimensional building information fast comprises:
Data are prepared, and obtain the raw data line data format conversion of going forward side by side;
Data processing imports the data after the said format conversion and obtains critical height value, and data and critical height value after the said format conversion that imports are carried out data processing;
The result generates, and sets up buildings digital three-dimensional model according to the data of gained after the said data processing.
Said raw data comprises that laser point cloud data and digital line draw diagram data, and said laser point cloud data is a depth of building information, and it is the contour of building cartographic information that said digital line is drawn diagram data.
Described digital line is drawn diagram data and is drawn diagram data for the large scale digital line.
Described critical height value is to carry out the statistical study of equidistance elevation frequency histogram through the elevation attribute to cloud data to obtain.
Described data handling procedure comprises:
(1) data importing imports the raw data after the said Data Format Transform;
(2) obtain said critical height value;
(3) origin coordinate system transform is carried out origin coordinate system transform to the data that import;
(4) point diagram layer data classification;
(5) set up DEM (Digital Elevation Model, digital terrain model) and obtain the continuous variation range of landform;
(6) point on check and the extraction buildings;
(7) calculate the depth of building value.
Described origin coordinate system transform is laser point cloud data and digital line to be drawn diagram data be converted under the unified coordinate system framework.
Said point diagram layer data classification; Be as standard the point diagram layer to be divided into greater than the point diagram layer of said critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of said critical height value according to its elevation property value, generate point diagram layer and ground point diagram layer on the buildings respectively with said critical height value.
Describedly setting up digital terrain model and obtain the continuous variation range of landform, is to adopt in the gram golden interpolation to carry out space interpolation on said ground point diagram layer, generates digital terrain model, obtains the continuous variation span of landform.
Said check is also extracted the check described in the point on the buildings, is to adopt the continuous variation span of said landform that the point diagram layer on the said buildings is screened once more, removes the point of said critical height value in the landform variation range.
Point on the said extraction buildings is that said digital line is drawn diagram data and carried out overlay analysis through the point diagram layer on the garbled buildings of said digital terrain model.
Said calculating depth of building value is the height value of drawing the point data in the contour of building in the diagram data according to said digital line, takes summation to average to calculate average height to compose to buildings as property value.
As basic elevation, the height attributes that adopts said digital line to draw buildings in the diagram data is set up and is shown that said digital line draws the three-dimensional model of owned building in the diagram data with said digital terrain model.
A kind of system that obtains three-dimensional building information fast comprises origin coordinate system transform module, data qualification function, interpolating module, overlay analysis module, computing module and 3-D display module;
Described origin coordinate system transform module is drawn diagram data with laser point cloud data and digital line and is converted under the unified coordinate system framework;
Said data qualification module; Be as standard the point diagram layer to be divided into greater than the point diagram layer of said critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of said critical height value according to its elevation property value, generate point diagram layer and ground point diagram layer on the buildings respectively with said critical height value;
Said interpolating module carries out space interpolation with golden interpolation in the said ground point diagram layer employing gram, generates said digital terrain model, obtains the continuous variation span of landform;
Said laminating module is drawn said digital line diagram data and is carried out overlay analysis through the point diagram layer on the garbled buildings of said digital terrain model;
Said computing module is the height value of drawing the point data in the contour of building in the diagram data according to said digital line, takes summation to average to calculate average height to compose to buildings as property value;
Said display module, as basic elevation, the height attributes that adopts said digital line to draw buildings in the diagram data is set up and is shown that said digital line draws the three-dimensional model of owned building in the diagram data with said digital terrain model.
Beneficial effect of the present invention can be summed up as follows:
1. the present invention is through the profile information of the buildings that obtains in the large scale DLG data; Positional information; Adopt the airborne laser scanner to obtain the elevation information of buildings, its profile, positional information are accurate, are a kind of quick, effective, cheap methods of setting up the digital city.
2. in the present invention imports raw data in the industry process software, adopt to obtain numerical value after analyzing by SPSS, the each several part functional module of flow chart of data processing is mutually integrated, realized the robotization of flow chart of data processing and rapid.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall technology process flow diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is raw data pretreatment process figure of the present invention.
Fig. 3 carries out the altitude figures analysis process for the present invention adopts SPSS.
Fig. 4 is the equidistant histogram of the unjustified original elevation of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is that the present invention is through the equidistant histogram of adjusted elevation.
Fig. 6 obtains three-dimensional building infosystem synoptic diagram fast for the present invention.
Fig. 7 is industry data processing software process flow diagram in the present invention.
Embodiment
Clearer for technical matters, technical scheme and beneficial effect that the present invention is solved, below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment appearance appearance described herein in order to explanation the present invention, and be not used in qualification the present invention.
Overall technology process flow diagram of the present invention as shown in Figure 1, main contents comprise: data preparation, data processing and result generate three partial contents and form, and its concrete implementation comprises the steps:
Step S101, the raw data pre-service.Said raw data comprises LiDAR cloud data (* .1as form) and the survey region large scale DLG data of from map data base, obtaining.To the pre-service of raw data, comprise adopt Global Mapper software with the LiDAR cloud data of las form through the data that the respective projection origin coordinate system transform becomes the shapefile form are set.For by the large scale DLG data of obtaining in the map data base, because form is different, can transfer large scale DLG data to the shapefile form through corresponding method, when conversion, also can adopt identical method to carry out through Global Mapper.
Step S102 obtains critical height value.By SPSS data statistic analysis instrument, the elevation attribute of LiDAR cloud data is carried out the statistical study of equidistance elevation frequency histogram.Because the elevation of raw data LiDAR cloud data is a continuous interval, when setting up the elevation frequency histogram, should choose suitable elevation statistical interval, close height value is merged, with the suitable characteristics that reflect the data elevation.Though buildings is more in the city in addition; But the elevation frequency of exposed ground still shows as a maximum crest; Write down the height value of two troughs that crest is adjacent therewith, all cloud datas in this elevation interval can be regarded ground point temporarily, think that the point outside this elevation interval is a culture point; Therefore from analysis result, can obviously tell the otherness that height value changes, selection differences point is as the critical height value on buildings and ground.
Step S103, data importing.Data importing data processing module with step S101 format conversion.
Step S104, origin coordinate system transform.Its data characteristics is: what the LiDAR data generally adopted is the WGS-84 coordinate system, and general four peaces 80 or the local coordinate system of adopting of DLG data united.Can convert cloud data under the DLG data coordinate system, also can the DLG data-switching be become the coordinate system under the cloud data.
Step S105, the classification of point diagram layer data.The point diagram layer is classified; Be with the critical height value obtained among the step S102 as standard with the point diagram layer; Be divided into greater than the point diagram layer of critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of critical height value, use in step S106 as point diagram layer on the buildings and ground point diagram layer respectively.
Step S106 sets up DEM and obtains the continuous variation range of landform.Its objective is in step S107 the point diagram layer on the buildings of step S105 generation is done check; Concrete steps are to adopt gram Li Jinfa to carry out space interpolation on the ground point diagram layer that generates among the step S105; Generate DEM; Because landform is a continually varying curved surface, can obtain the span that a landform changes.
Step S107, check is also extracted the point on the buildings.Because the point diagram layer on the buildings that step S105 generates can not guarantee to be on the buildings fully; Also might be because the bigger point of elevation that topographic relief causes is selected in the buildings; Adopt the landform variation range that obtains among the step S106 once more the point diagram layer on the buildings to be screened; Can remove the point of height value in the landform variation range in the buildings, guarantee that all point data that obtain all meet the demands.
Point on the said extraction buildings; Be because the point on some buildings might be point data and the data itself of non-buildings such as trees and the existence and the accumulation of error in carrying out origin coordinate system transform; Point on the buildings that can not guarantee to be obtained all the zone in contour of building in; Therefore, therefore need to carry out overlay analysis with the DLG data and through the point diagram layer on the buildings of checking.
Step S108 calculates the depth of building value.Concrete grammar is in interior industry process software, and summation is averaged and calculated average height and compose to buildings as property value according to the height value of the point data in the contour of building in the DLG data.This process can generate the attribute of a record depth of building value automatically in DLG data plot layer, the height value that calculates is composed in the height attributes to corresponding buildings.
Step S109 sets up and demonstration buildings digital three-dimensional model.Concrete grammar is that the DEM that in interior industry process software, generates in automatically with step S106 is as basic elevation; The height attributes that adopts the interior buildings of DLG data among the step S108 is as the building object height; Set up and show the three-dimensional model of owned building in the DLG data, make display effect better in the industry process software in also can image data being imported.
Like Fig. 2 is raw data pretreatment process figure, in data are prepared, mainly is the conversion of airborne laser scan-data (LiDAR data) and the large scale DLG data from map data base, obtained being done form.
Step S201 is with original LiDAR data and DLG data importing Global Mapper software.
Step S202, Global Mapper software is provided with corresponding optical projection system with original LiDAR data and DLG data.
Step S203, the output of Global Mapper software is set to the Shapefile form.
Original LiDAR data are the las form, and adopting Global Mapper is the shapefile form with the las format conversion.Global Mapper supports nearly all format map, can edit, change all kinds of map graph files, and is also very outstanding with the compatibility of GIS software.In Global Mapper software, open the LiDAR data of las form, corresponding projection pattern is set, output format is set to shapefile and exports then.For the DLG data of non-shapefile form, also can use Global Mapper to convert the face figure layer of Shapefile form into.
Like Fig. 3 is altitude figures analysis process under the SPSS.
Step S301 opens the attribute list data of LiDAR data in SPSS software,
Step S302 uses the function of the statistical analysis module among the Analyze to carry out the statistical study of elevation frequency histogram.
Step S303 after opening the function of statistic analysis module, selects the elevation attribute as analytic target, generates the elevation frequency histogram.
Step S304 adjusts analysis to the elevation frequency histogram that generates, according to the maximal value and the minimum value of current histogram adjustment statistics.
Step S305, maximal value and the minimum value of adjusting statistics according to histogram are provided with the elevation statistical interval, generate the most tangible elevation frequency histogram of otherness in order to distinguish the point on ground point and the buildings.
Step S306 selects discrepancy as critical height value.
Like Fig. 4 is the elevation otter rate histogram that unjustified cloud data elevation generates under SPSS.The equidistant histogram height value of unjustified original elevation concentrates between the 0-60, and big crest that wherein occurs is the exposed face of land.
Like Fig. 5 is the elevation frequency histogram that under SPSS, generates through adjusted cloud data elevation, and extraction interval is the elevation change scope between the 0-60, is adjusted into histogram shown in Figure 5 after dwindling the elevation statistical interval.From analysis result, can obviously tell the otherness that height value changes, selection differences point is as the critical height value on buildings and ground.
Be illustrated in figure 6 as the system schematic of obtaining three-dimensional building information fast, comprise that origin coordinate system transform module, data qualification function, interpolating module, overlay analysis module, computing module and 3-D display module are mutually integrated.
The origin coordinate system transform module, its data characteristics is: what the LiDAR data generally adopted is the WGS-84 coordinate system, general four peaces 80 or the local coordinate system of adopting of DLG data united.Can convert cloud data under the DLG coordinate system, also can the DLG data-switching be become the coordinate system under the cloud data.Because the present invention is less demanding to plane precision, the plane precision of Google Earth Pro software can meet the demands, and adopts 7 parameter models that generally use, and the DLG data-switching is become the WGS-84 coordinate system.Concrete grammar is to adopt Google Earth Pro to gather some reference mark in survey region to calculate conversion parameters, in interior industry process software through the conversion that corresponding conversion parameter carries out coordinate system is set.
The data qualification module; The point diagram layer is classified; Be according to critical height value; In interior industry process software, as standard the point diagram layer is divided into greater than the point diagram layer of critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of critical height value, respectively as point diagram layer on the buildings and ground point diagram layer with critical height value.
Interpolating module adopts gram Li Jinfa to carry out space interpolation on the ground point diagram layer that generates, and generates DEM, because landform is a continually varying curved surface, can obtain the span that a landform changes.
The overlay analysis module; Because the point diagram layer on the buildings that generates can not guarantee to be on the buildings fully; Also might be because the bigger point of elevation that topographic relief causes is selected in the buildings; The landform variation range that adopts interpolating module to obtain is screened the point diagram layer on the buildings once more, removes the point of height value in the landform variation range in the buildings, guarantees that all point data that obtain all meet the demands.Point on the said extraction buildings; Be because the point on some buildings might be point data and the data itself of non-buildings such as trees and the existence and the accumulation of error in carrying out origin coordinate system transform; Therefore point on the buildings that can not guarantee to be obtained is all in the contour of building in the zone, needs DLG data and point diagram layer on the process buildings of checking are carried out overlay analysis.
Computing module calculates the depth of building value, and concrete grammar is in interior industry process software, averages according to the height value summation of the point data in the contour of building in the DLG data and calculates average height and compose to buildings as property value.This process can generate the attribute of a record depth of building value automatically in DLG data plot layer, the height value that calculates is composed in the height attributes to corresponding buildings.
The 3-D display module; Set up and demonstration buildings digital three-dimensional model; Concrete grammar is that the DEM that in interior industry process software, automatically interpolating module generated is as basic elevation; The three-dimensional model of owned building in the DLG data is set up and shown to the height attributes that adopts buildings in the step computing module DLG data as the building object height, makes display effect better in the industry process software in also can image data being imported.
To this patent data characteristics, the present invention adopts incorporate thought to make up interior industry data handling system, and is with strong points, processing speed is fast, efficient is high.
As shown in Figure 7, be interior industry data processing software process flow diagram, concrete steps are following:
Step S701 imports the point diagram layer of shapefile form and the face figure layer of DLG data in the interior industry data processing software.
Step S702 obtains the some reference mark of survey region, the coordinates computed conversion parameter in Google Earth Pro.
Step S703 adopts coordinate transferring in interior industry data processing software, the conversion parameter that input calculates carries out the conversion of DLG figure layer coordinate system to the WGS-84 coordinate system.
Step S704; Adopt the function of data qualification; The critical height value of in the attribute list of point diagram layer, the elevation attribute being obtained with SPSS is a standard, will will operate respectively greater than the point diagram layer as on the buildings of critical height value less than the ground point diagram layer of the conduct of critical height value.
Step S705 adopts interpolating module that ground point diagram layer is carried out space interpolation, and concrete steps are as shown in Figure 7, at first select corresponding interpolation model that corresponding interpolation parameter is set, and can form DEM and obtain landform continually varying value range.
Step S706; Adopting the function of data qualification once more is that standard is checked the point diagram layer on the buildings with landform continually varying value range; Filter out the point of elevation numerical value in the DEM scope and delete then, the point that retains after this process can think it is the point on the buildings fully.
Step S707 adopts the overlay analysis module that DLG figure layer and point diagram layer on the buildings are carried out overlay analysis, obtains all interior point data of contour of building on the DLG data.
Step S708 adopts the numerical evaluation function to calculate the average height value that each buildings calculates point data in the profile, and this height value is added in the DLG data layer properties as attribute automatically.
Step S709, in the 3-D display module with DEM as basic elevation, generate the three-dimensional model of owned building in the DLG data automatically as depth of building with average height.
Complicacy, hysteresis quality and the expensive property obtained to present three-dimensional model building; The present invention adopts the DLG data as the base map that obtains contour of building information; Adopt the airborne laser scan-data to obtain depth of building, can satisfy rapidity, high efficiency and the low price property of obtaining three-dimensional model building.The present invention can obtain the City Building three-dimensional information fast, is city planning, and land valuation, dynamic monitoring and construction of Digital City provide information service timely and effectively.
More than through the detailed description of concrete and preferred embodiment the present invention; But those skilled in the art should be understood that; The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment; All within spirit of the present invention and principle, any modification of being done, be equal to replacement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (13)
1. a method of obtaining three-dimensional building information fast is characterized in that: comprise
Data are prepared, and obtain the raw data line data format conversion of going forward side by side;
Data processing imports the data after the said format conversion and obtains critical height value, and data and critical height value after the said format conversion that imports are carried out data processing;
The result generates, and sets up buildings digital three-dimensional model according to the data of gained after the said data processing.
2. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: said raw data; Comprise that laser point cloud data and digital line draw diagram data, said laser point cloud data is a depth of building information, and it is the contour of building cartographic information that said digital line is drawn diagram data.
3. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 2 is characterized in that: described digital line is drawn diagram data and is drawn diagram data for the large scale digital line.
4. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described critical height value is to carry out the statistical study of equidistance elevation frequency histogram through the elevation attribute to cloud data to obtain.
5. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described data handling procedure comprises:
(1) data importing imports the raw data after the said Data Format Transform;
(2) obtain said critical height value;
(3) origin coordinate system transform is carried out origin coordinate system transform to the data that import;
(4) point diagram layer data classification;
(5) set up digital terrain model and obtain the continuous variation range of landform;
(6) point on check and the extraction buildings;
(7) calculate the depth of building value.
6. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described origin coordinate system transform is laser point cloud data and digital line to be drawn diagram data be converted under the unified coordinate system framework.
7. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: said point diagram layer data classification; Be as standard the point diagram layer to be divided into greater than the point diagram layer of said critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of said critical height value according to its elevation property value, generate point diagram layer and ground point diagram layer on the buildings respectively with said critical height value.
8. according to claim 4 and the 6 described methods of obtaining three-dimensional building information fast; It is characterized in that: describedly set up digital terrain model and obtain the continuous variation range of landform; Be that golden interpolation in the said ground point diagram layer employing gram is carried out space interpolation; Generate digital terrain model, obtain the continuous variation span of landform.
9. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: said check is also extracted the check described in the point on the buildings; Be to adopt the continuous variation span of said landform that the point diagram layer on the said buildings is screened once more, remove the point of said critical height value in the landform variation range.
10. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: the point on the said extraction buildings is that said digital line is drawn diagram data and carried out overlay analysis through the point diagram layer on the garbled buildings of said digital terrain model.
11. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 4; It is characterized in that: said calculating depth of building value; Be the height value of drawing the point data in the contour of building in the diagram data according to said digital line, take summation to average to calculate average height to compose to buildings as property value.
12. the method for obtaining three-dimensional building information fast according to claim 1; It is characterized in that: as basic elevation, the height attributes that adopts said digital line to draw buildings in the diagram data is set up and is shown that said digital line draws the three-dimensional model of owned building in the diagram data with said digital terrain model.
13. a system that obtains three-dimensional building information fast is characterized in that: comprise origin coordinate system transform module, data qualification function, interpolating module, overlay analysis module, computing module and 3-D display module.
Described origin coordinate system transform module is drawn diagram data with laser point cloud data and digital line and is converted under the unified coordinate system framework;
Said data qualification module; Be as standard the point diagram layer to be divided into greater than the point diagram layer of said critical height value with less than the point diagram layer of said critical height value according to its elevation property value, generate point diagram layer and ground point diagram layer on the buildings respectively with said critical height value;
Said interpolating module carries out space interpolation with golden interpolation in the said ground point diagram layer employing gram, generates said digital terrain model, obtains the continuous variation span of landform;
Said laminating module is drawn said digital line diagram data and is carried out overlay analysis through the point diagram layer on the garbled buildings of said digital terrain model;
Said computing module is the height value of drawing the point data in the contour of building in the diagram data according to said digital line, takes summation to average to calculate average height to compose to buildings as property value;
Said display module, as basic elevation, the height attributes that adopts said digital line to draw buildings in the diagram data is set up and is shown that said digital line draws the three-dimensional model of owned building in the diagram data with said digital terrain model.
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