CN116187460A

CN116187460A - Ion trap system and imaging method

Info

Publication number: CN116187460A
Application number: CN202111430212.XA
Authority: CN
Inventors: 李岳; 林毅恒; 沈杨超; 杜江峰
Original assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: University of Science and Technology of China USTC; Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2021-11-29
Filing date: 2021-11-29
Publication date: 2023-05-30

Abstract

An ion trap system and an imaging method are used for solving the problem that the quantum state information of ions in the ion trap system cannot be read quickly and with high fidelity in the prior art. Can be applied to the fields of quantum computation and the like. The ion trap system includes: the ion trapping module is used for trapping N ions, and N is an integer greater than 1; the space light regulating and controlling module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of at least one fluorescent light in N fluorescent light emitted by N ions from the ion trapping module, and propagating the regulated and controlled N fluorescent light to the detection module; the detection module is used for converting the received N bundles of fluorescence into an electric signal used for determining quantum state information of N ions; the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the regulated N bundles of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points needed by the detection module. The space light regulation and control module regulates and controls the image points of N ions into a distribution form which is matched with the image points required by the detection module, so that the speed and the fidelity of the detection module for reading the quantum state information of the ions can be improved.

Description

Ion trap system and imaging method

Technical Field

The application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, in particular to an ion trap system and an imaging method.

Background

With the development of information technology, quantum computing is attracting more and more attention. The core of quantum computing is to realize general quantum computing by utilizing a quantum system. The basic principle of quantum computing is to encode information with qubits (such as ions). The states of the single qubit not only have two classical states of 0 and 1, but also can be a superposition state of 0 and 1, as shown in fig. 1, the qubit can be in a half probability of 0 state and a half probability of 1 state. n qubits can be at 2 simultaneously ⁿ The superposition of the individual quantum states can thereby increase the speed of computation.

One of the platforms for realizing quantum computing is an ion trap system, which mainly comprises an electrode structure for trapping ions and ions, wherein the ions can be trapped in a space by a specific structure by applying a specific electromagnetic field on the electrode structure and combining with coulomb action among the ions, and then a light beam (which can be called detection light) is beaten onto the trapped ions, so that quantum state detection of the ions can be realized. In the detection of the quantum state of an ion, reading the information of the quantum state of the ion is a major part of the detection of the quantum state. At present, fluorescence emitted by ions is detected mainly by an optical imaging means, so that quantum state information of the ions is obtained.

In the prior art, for one-dimensional uniformly distributed ion short chains, a photomultiplier tube (photo multiplier tube, PMT) can be used for reading quantum state information of the ions. However, with one-dimensional long-chain or two-dimensional distributed ions or three-dimensional distributed ions, quantum state information of the ions cannot be read quickly and with high fidelity through the PMT.

Disclosure of Invention

The application provides an ion trap system and an imaging method, which are used for rapidly and high-fidelity reading quantum state information of ions.

In a first aspect, the present application provides an ion trap system. The ion trap system comprises an ion trapping module, a space light regulating and controlling module and a detecting module. The ion trapping module is used for trapping N ions, wherein N is an integer greater than 1; the space light regulating and controlling module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of at least one of N bundles of fluorescence emitted by N ions from the ion trapping module, and propagating the regulated and controlled N bundles of fluorescence to the detection module, wherein the first distribution information of image points corresponding to the regulated and controlled N bundles of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; the detection module is used for converting the received N bundles of fluorescence into an electric signal used for determining quantum state information of the N ions.

Based on the scheme, after N fluorescence emitted by N ions reaches the space light regulation and control module, the propagation direction of at least one fluorescence in the N fluorescence can be changed through the space light regulation and control module, so that the N fluorescence finally reaches the detection module according to a set path, and the detection module can rapidly and high-fidelity read quantum state information of the ions. It can also be understood that the spatial light regulation module regulates and controls the distribution form of the image points of the ions trapped in the ion trapping module into the distribution form of the image points required by the adaptive detection module, so that the speed and the fidelity of the detection module for reading the quantum state information of the ions can be improved.

In one possible implementation, the second distribution information includes a position of an image point required by the detection module and a spacing between image points required by two adjacent detection modules.

The second distribution information can be used for characterizing the distribution form of the image points which can be detected by the detection module.

In one possible implementation, the pixels required by the detection modules are distributed in one dimension, and the intervals between the pixels required by any two adjacent detection modules are the same. It is also understood that the distribution of the image points that the detection module can detect is one-dimensional and equally spaced.

In one possible implementation, the N ions in the ion trapping module correspond to third distribution information, where the third distribution information includes positions of the N ions and a space between two adjacent ions in the N ions; it is also understood that the third distribution information may characterize the distribution of ions trapped by the ion trapping module. Further, optionally, the ion trap system further includes a control module, configured to determine a propagation direction of each of the N fluorescence beams according to a mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information, generate a control signal according to the propagation direction of each of the N fluorescence beams, and send the control signal to the spatial light modulation module, where the control signal is used to control and modulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescence beams.

The spatial light modulation module can be controlled by the control module to regulate and control the propagation direction of at least one fluorescence in the N fluorescence beams.

In one possible implementation, the spatial light modulation module includes a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) mirror array for modulating a deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the received control signal.

The propagation direction of at least one fluorescence in the N fluorescence can be regulated and controlled by regulating and controlling the deflection angle of at least one MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array.

In one possible implementation, the N ions are distributed in different regions and the intervals between ions in different regions are different.

Generally, ions are trapped in different regions respectively, so that different types of operations can be performed simultaneously, thereby being beneficial to expanding quantum computing.

In one possible implementation, the detection module includes M optical fibers and corresponding detectors. The following illustrates exemplary possible configurations of the detection module based on the type of corresponding detector.

In an example one, the detection module includes M optical fibers and a first PMT of P channels, where P is an integer greater than or equal to M, one ion corresponds to one optical fiber, and one optical fiber corresponds to one channel.

Based on the above, the spatial light modulation module is configured to modulate a propagation direction of each of the N bundles of fluorescence, and couple the N bundles of fluorescence in the modulated N bundles of fluorescence into corresponding N optical fibers in the M optical fibers, where the N optical fibers couple the received corresponding fluorescence into a channel corresponding to the first PMT.

N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped into N image points through the space light regulating module, and one channel of the first PMT can read fluorescence corresponding to one image point, so that each channel of the first PMT can be fully utilized, and crosstalk between the channels can be effectively reduced.

In an example two, the detection module includes M optical fibers and H second PMTs, where H is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than or equal to N, one ion corresponds to one optical fiber, and one optical fiber corresponds to one second PMT.

Based on the above, the spatial light modulation module is configured to modulate a propagation direction of each of the N bundles of fluorescence, and couple the N bundles of fluorescence in the modulated N bundles of fluorescence into corresponding N optical fibers in the M optical fibers, where the N optical fibers couple the received corresponding fluorescence into the corresponding second PMT.

In an example three, the detection module includes single photon detection (superconducting nanowire single photon detection, SNSPD) of M optical fibers and K superconducting nanowires, K is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than or equal to N, one ion corresponds to one optical fiber, and one optical fiber corresponds to one SNSPD.

Based on the above, the spatial light modulation module is configured to modulate a propagation direction of each of the N bundles of fluorescence, and couple the N bundles of fluorescence in the modulated N bundles of fluorescence into corresponding N optical fibers in the M optical fibers, where the N optical fibers couple the received corresponding fluorescence into the corresponding SNSPDs.

In example four, the detection module includes M optical fibers, and a combination of any two or three of the P-channel first PMT, the H second PMT, and the K SNSPDs.

In another possible implementation, the detection module includes an array of pixels.

Based on the above, the spatial light modulation module is configured to modulate a propagation direction of each of the N fluorescence beams, and propagate the N fluorescence beams of the modulated N fluorescence beams to the pixel array. For example, if the N fluorescence beams in the adjusted N fluorescence beams are one-dimensional equally spaced, the spatial light modulation module may transmit the N fluorescence beams distributed in the one-dimensional distribution to one column or one row of the detection module.

Because the reading speed of the single-column (or row) pixels is high, and the pixels of other columns (or rows) do not need to be gated, the single-column (or row) pixels can be fully utilized, the pixel resources are not wasted, and redundant information generated by blank pixels without information can not occur. Further, reading fluorescence through a pixel array has a high quantum efficiency, for example tens of photons emitted by a single ion can be detected in the order of hundreds of microseconds, and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

In yet another possible implementation, the detection module includes the M optical fibers and corresponding detectors, and the pixel array.

Based on the above, the spatial light regulation module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of each fluorescence in the N-beam fluorescence and regulating N in the regulated N-beam fluorescence ₁ The beam fluorescence is coupled into the corresponding n of the M optical fibers ₁ A plurality of optical fibers for adjusting N in the regulated N-beam fluorescence ₂ Beam fluorescence propagates to the array of pixels, n ₁ +n ₂ =n; the optical fibers are used to propagate the coupled-in fluorescence to the corresponding detectors.

When ions trapped in the ion trapping module are discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane and the types of the ions in the different areas are different, the quantum state information of the ions can be read according to a structure with higher quantum efficiency, which is selected according to the fluorescent wavelength emitted by the ions in the corresponding area, because the fluorescent wavelength emitted by the ions in the different types is different, so that higher signal to noise ratio can be achieved for fluorescent collection of the different wavelengths.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an imaging method. The method can be applied to an ion trap system, wherein the ion trap system comprises an ion trapping module, a space light modulation and control module and a detection module. The method comprises the steps of determining third distribution information of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module and second distribution information of image points required by the detection module; according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, controlling the spatial light regulating module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ions, wherein the regulated N fluorescence beams propagate to the detection module, and the first distribution information of image points corresponding to the regulated N fluorescence beams is identical to the second distribution information of image points required by the detection module; and controlling the detection module to collect the regulated N-beam fluorescence, wherein the regulated N-beam fluorescence is used for quantum state information of the N ions.

In one possible implementation, the spatial light modulation module comprises a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror array; further, a deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array may be determined according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information; and generating a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector, and sending the control signal to the MEMS reflector array, wherein the control signal is used for regulating and controlling the deflection angle of at least one MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array so as to change the propagation direction of at least one fluorescent light in N fluorescent light beams.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a control device for implementing any one of the methods of the second aspect or the second aspect, including corresponding functional modules, for implementing the steps in the above methods, respectively. The functions may be realized by hardware, or may be realized by hardware executing corresponding software. The hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the functions described above.

In one possible implementation, the control device is, for example, a chip or a system of chips or logic circuits, etc. The advantages can be seen from the description of the second aspect, and are not repeated here. The control device may include: a transceiver module and a processing module. The processing module may be configured to support the control apparatus to perform the corresponding functions in the method of the second aspect above, the transceiver module being for supporting interaction between the control apparatus and other modules in the ion trap system or with devices external to the ion trap system, etc. The transceiver module may be an independent receiving module, an independent transmitting module, a transceiver module with integrated transceiver function, etc.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a qubit provided herein;

FIG. 2a is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the specific pull strength and the beam coordinates provided in the present application;

FIG. 2b is a schematic diagram of a pixel array provided herein;

fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of an ion trap system provided herein;

FIG. 4a is a schematic diagram of an ion distribution pattern provided herein;

FIG. 4b is a schematic illustration of yet another ion distribution pattern provided herein;

FIG. 4c is a schematic illustration of yet another ion distribution pattern provided herein;

FIG. 5a is a schematic diagram of an ion trapping module according to the present application;

FIG. 5b is a schematic diagram of an ion trapping module according to the present disclosure;

FIG. 6a is a schematic diagram of a MEMS mirror array provided herein;

FIG. 6b is a schematic view of a beam dump assembly provided herein;

FIG. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided in the present application;

FIG. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided in the present application;

fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of yet another ion trap system provided herein;

fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of yet another ion trap system provided herein;

FIG. 10 is a flow chart of an imaging method provided herein;

fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided in the present application.

Detailed Description

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, some terms in the present application will be explained. It should be noted that these explanations are for the convenience of those skilled in the art, and do not limit the scope of protection claimed in the present application.

1. Sweep of Raratio oscillations

The scanning of the ratio oscillation means that different oscillation signals are obtained by loading light beams with different durations on ions, an oscillation period T is obtained by fitting different oscillation signals corresponding to different durations, and the ratio strength of a position can be determined according to the relation omega=1/T between the ratio strength and the oscillation period. By changing the position where the beam impinges on the ion, a different pull-specific intensity Ω can be obtained. I.e. the positions of the beam irradiated onto the ions are different, the resulting specific pull strengths Ω are also different, and the measured specific pull strengths are maximum when the beam and the ions are perfectly aligned. Fig. 2a shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between the specific pull strength and the beam coordinates. As shown in fig. 2a, the beam coordinate is X ₀ When the corresponding tensile strength is maximum, is omega ₀ Description of the coordinates of the light beam as X ₀ When the beam is perfectly aligned with the irradiated ions.

2. Gating pixels

The strobe image refers to a pixel array (refer to fig. 2b, for a 5×5 array), in which row addresses may be on the abscissa and column addresses may be on the ordinate, and row and column strobe signals may be used to extract data at specified locations (i.e., specified rows and columns) in the memory, and the pixels corresponding to the extracted specified locations are the strobed pixels. Further, the pixels in the pixel array may store the detected signals in a corresponding memory.

Based on the above, when it is necessary to detect a plurality of ions simultaneously, the detection light irradiates the corresponding ions, the ions are photoluminescent to generate fluorescence, and quantum state information of the ions can be obtained by collecting the generated fluorescence. However, when the distribution form of the ions is not matched with the distribution form which can be detected by the detection module, the detection module cannot accurately and with high fidelity read the quantum state information of the ions. For example, the ions are distributed in two dimensions, and the detection module can detect that the distribution is one-dimensional, and at this time, the detection module cannot quickly read quantum state information of each ion.

In view of this, the application proposes an ion trap system, and the ion trap system regulates and controls the distribution form of the image points of the ions trapped in the ion trapping module into the distribution form of the image points required by the adaptation detection module through the space light regulating and controlling module, so that the speed and the fidelity of the detection module for reading the quantum state information of the ions can be improved.

Based on the foregoing, the ion trap system proposed in the present application will be specifically described with reference to fig. 3 to 9.

Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of an ion trap system provided in the present application. The ion trap system 300 may include an ion trapping module 301, a spatial light modulation module 302, and a detection module 303. The ion trapping module 301 is configured to trap N ions, where N is an integer greater than 1, and one ion can emit fluorescent light under the action of the detection light. The spatial light modulation module 302 is configured to modulate a propagation direction of at least one of the N bundles of fluorescence, and propagate the modulated N bundles of fluorescence to the detection module 303, where first distribution information of an image point corresponding to the modulated N bundles of fluorescence is the same as second distribution information of an image point required by the detection module 303, specifically, the first distribution information may represent a distribution form of an image point of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module 301 after the spatial light modulation module 302 modulates the propagation direction, and the second distribution information may represent a distribution form of an image point required by the detection module 303. The second distribution information of the pixels required by the detection module 303 is also understood to mean that the detection module 303 can accurately and rapidly detect the pixels distributed according to the second distribution information. The detection module 303 is configured to convert the received N fluorescence beams into quantum state information electrical signals for determining N ions. In other words, the detection module 303 is configured to photoelectrically convert the received N-beam fluorescence.

Based on the ion trap system, after N fluorescence emitted by N ions reaches the space light regulation and control module, the propagation direction of at least one fluorescence in the N fluorescence can be changed through the space light regulation and control module, so that the N fluorescence finally reaches the detection module according to a set path, and the detection module can rapidly and high-fidelity read quantum state information of the ions. It can also be understood that the spatial light regulation module regulates and controls the distribution form of the image points of the ions trapped in the ion trapping module into the distribution form of the image points required by the adaptive detection module, so that the speed and the fidelity of the detection module for reading the quantum state information of the ions can be improved.

The following description describes the respective functional modules shown in fig. 3 to give an exemplary implementation. For convenience of explanation, the ion trapping module, the space light control module and the detection module are not marked with numbers.

1. Ion trapping module

In one possible implementation, the ion trapping module is used to trap ions, and the trapped ions may be distributed in any distribution form. For example, a one-dimensional ion chain with any length may be used, and the intervals between adjacent ions may be the same or different, and referring to fig. 4a, an example is shown in which the intervals between adjacent ions are different and the one-dimensional ion chain. For another example, an ion array may be two-dimensionally distributed, see fig. 4b. For another example, the ions may be dispersed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane, and referring to fig. 4c, for example, the two different regions are taken as examples, and the distances between the ions in the different regions are typically in the order of hundred micrometers. For large-scale quantum computing, it is often necessary to bind ions in different regions separately to perform different types of operations (e.g., ion cooling, quantum state detection, quantum state readout, etc.) simultaneously, thereby achieving scalable quantum computing. For another example, the distribution may be three-dimensional. It should be noted that, in general, ions trapped in the ion trapping module have the characteristic of dense middle and sparse two ends.

In one possible implementation, the distribution form of the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module may be characterized by a third distribution information. In particular, the third distribution information may include, but is not limited to, the locations of ions and the spacing between adjacent ions. Further alternatively, the position of the ion may be represented by two-dimensional coordinates (x, y).

Fig. 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trapping module according to the present application. The ion trapping module includes a Direct Current (DC) electrode and a Radio Frequency (RF) electrode that may be disposed on a substrate (e.g., the electrodes may be micromachined, printed circuit, etc. etched on the substrate). The DC electrode and RF electrode may also be referred to as trapping electrodes. Further, the ion trapping module may further include an electromagnetic field generating device (e.g., a power supply). The DC electrode and the RF electrode are both connected to an electromagnetic field generating device (such as a power supply), and after being energized, the RF electrode can generate an alternating radio frequency electric field, the DC electrode can generate a direct current electric field, and the radio frequency electric field and the direct current electric field cooperate to generate a trapping potential well for trapping ions, so that ion trapping can be realized, and the principle can be seen in fig. 5b. The curve in fig. 5b shows the distribution of electric field lines at a certain moment, and after a half radio frequency period, the electric field lines are reversed, and ions are trapped in the trapping well where the electric field lines are rapidly and reciprocally changed, so that the average effect is that the ions are stably trapped on the surface of the electrode by the trapping well.

It should be noted that the structure of the ion trapping module provided above is only schematic, and all the structures that can trap ions are within the protection scope of the application. For example, the ion trapping module may also be a "paul ion trap" (also referred to as a quadrupole ion trap), which may be implemented by adding front and rear end caps using a four-stage rod structure, focusing ions on a line, increasing the storage of ions, and helping to avoid space charge effects and simplify the electrode structure, and the quadrupole ion trap may also be referred to as a linear ion trap, or a blade trap, or a chip trap (surface trap), etc., which is not limited in this application.

In one possible implementation, the species of ions trapped in the ion trapping module may be the same, or may be different, or may be partially the same. For example, the caged ions may include, but are not limited to, any one or a combination of any of ytterbium (Yb) ions, calcium (Ca) ions, beryllium (Be) ions, or the like. The wavelengths of fluorescence emitted by different species of ions are different.

In order to prevent the trapped ions from being collided by other external particles, the quantum state of the trapped ions is destroyed, and even the trapped ions are lost, the trapped ions are usually required to be arranged in a vacuum system or an ultra-high vacuum system (or referred to as a vacuum chamber) to be isolated from the external environment.

2. Space light regulating and controlling module

In one possible implementation, the spatial light modulation module is configured to modulate a propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescence beams from the ion trapping module, so that the modulated fluorescence beam can be accurately detected by the detection module. It is also understood that the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescence beams from the ion trapping module can be regulated by the spatial light regulating module. The fluorescence emitted by the ions can form image points of the ions, the image points of the ions can be rearranged after being regulated by the space light regulating module, and the distribution form of the image points of the rearranged ions is matched with (or is called consistent with) the distribution form required by the detection module. In other words, the space light regulation and control module maps the distribution form of ions in the ion trapping module into the distribution form which can be accurately detected by the detection module, so that the detection module can rapidly read quantum state information of the ions trapped by the ion trapping module with high fidelity.

In one possible implementation, the spatial light modulation module may comprise, for example, an array of MEMS mirrors, see fig. 6a. The MEMS mirror array includes at least N MEMS mirrors, one MEMS mirror corresponding to each ion, and it is also understood that one MEMS mirror may be used to modulate fluorescence from one ion. It should be appreciated that fig. 6a is an illustration of a MEMS mirror array comprising 5 MEMS mirrors.

For example, if the distribution form required by the detection module is one-dimensional equidistant distribution, the distribution form of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module is discrete distribution in different areas of the two-dimensional plane (see fig. 4 c), the spatial light modulation module adjusts the image points of the N ions to one-dimensional equidistant distribution consistent with the distribution form required by the detection module by modulating the fluorescence propagation directions of the ions discrete distribution in the different areas of the two-dimensional plane. It is also understood that the spatial light modulation module may map ions discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane to image points of ions distributed in one dimension, and may modulate the interval of the image points of ions distributed in one dimension. In other words, the third distribution information is mapped into the second distribution information by the spatial light modulation module.

As shown in Table 1, a mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is provided, wherein the mapping relationship comprises the deflection angle theta of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array when the third distribution information is mapped into the second distribution information _i 。

Table 1 mapping relation of third distribution information and second distribution information

It should be noted that, the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is shown in a table, which is merely an example, and the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information in the present application may be also shown in other manners, which is not limited in the present application.

It should be noted that, the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information may be various, for example, the third distribution information is distribution information of one-dimensional non-equidistant ions, and the second distribution information is distribution information of one-dimensional equidistant ions. For another example, the third distribution information is distribution information of ions discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, and the second distribution information is distribution information of one-dimensional equidistant ions. For another example, the third distribution information is distribution information of ions discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, and the second distribution information is distribution information of ions of one-dimensional non-equidistant spacing. And are not listed here.

It should be noted that, when mapping the third distribution information into the second distribution information, it is necessary to follow the principle that the optical paths of the image points of all the ions are similar; moreover, the difference between the maximum optical path and the minimum optical path is smaller than the depth of field of the imaging optical path. Therefore, N fluorescence beams after passing through the space light modulation module can be focused on the detection module.

In one possible implementation manner, the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information may be pre-stored, or may also be that the control module sends the mapping relationship to the regulation module in real time.

If the mapping relation between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is pre-stored. The deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array may be adjusted in the ion trap initialization process (see the ion initialization process specifically), and after fluorescence emitted by N ions trapped in the ion trapping module passes through the spatial light modulation module, the first distribution information of the image points of the N ions after modulation is consistent with the second distribution information required by the detection module. It will also be appreciated that based on this, the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array is preset, the third distribution information of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module is fixed, and the second distribution information required by the detection module is also fixed.

And if the mapping relation between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is that the control module sends the third distribution information and the second distribution information to the space light modulation and control module in real time. Mapping the third distribution information to the second distribution information may be accomplished by changing the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array. Illustratively, it may be that the control module sends control signals to the MEMS mirror array to change the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array. Specifically, the deflection angle of the first MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array can be changed to change the propagation direction of fluorescence emitted by the corresponding ions, and further, the distance between image points can be adjusted at will within a certain range, wherein the first MEMS mirror is at least one of the MEMS mirror arrays. The angle of deflection of which MEMS mirror or mirrors in the MEMS mirror array, and how much the deflection is changed, is particularly required to be changed, can be controlled by the control signal. Based on this, the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array can be flexibly controlled, and the second distribution information required by the detection module is also flexibly selected, for example, the control module can control which one or more of the

structures

1 and 2 given below is/are selected for the detection module.

Through the space light regulating and controlling module, the distribution form of the image points of the ions trapped in the ion trapping module can be regulated and controlled freely, so that the reading efficiency and the signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum state information of the ions can be optimized. Further, the range of ions trapped in the ion trapping module may exceed the visual field range of the detection module, and the specific ratio is that for the ions discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, after the fluorescence emitted by the ions is regulated and controlled by the space light regulating module, the image points of the ions can be compressed into the visual field range of the detection module, so that the blank redundant information can be reduced.

Further optionally, the spatial light modulation module may further comprise a beam collection assembly, which is mainly used to collect fluorescence emitted by the ions and propagate the collected fluorescence to the MEMS mirror array. The beam collection assembly may also be used to scale up the image point corresponding to the fluorescence emitted by the ions.

Illustratively, the beam dump assembly may be a lens set comprising at least one lens. Fig. 6b is a schematic structural diagram of a beam-collecting element provided in the present application. The beam dump assembly is illustrated as including a lens. It is noted that the number of lenses included in the lens group is not limited in the present application, and may be more than the above-described fig. 6b, or may be less than the above-described fig. 6b, and the type of lenses is not limited in the present application, and the lenses may also include other lenses or combinations of other lenses, such as plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, and the like. Furthermore, the lens group may be rotationally symmetric about the optical axis. For example, the lenses in the lens group may be single-piece spherical lenses or may be a combination of multiple pieces of spherical lenses. Alternatively, the lens set may be non-rotationally symmetrical. For example, the lenses in the lens group may be single-piece aspherical lenses, or may be a combination of a plurality of aspherical lenses. The combination of the spherical lenses and/or the aspherical lenses is beneficial to improving the imaging quality of the lens group and reducing the aberration of the lens group.

In one possible implementation, the material of the lenses in the lens group may be an optical material such as glass, resin, or crystal. When the material of the lens is resin, this helps to reduce the mass of the detection system. When the material of the lens is glass, this helps to further improve the imaging quality of the ion trap system. Further, to effectively inhibit temperature drift, the lens set includes at least one lens of a glass material.

The lens group should satisfy a large numerical aperture (numerical aperture, NA), an appropriate magnification, and the like. Wherein the numerical aperture is a dimensionless number that is used to measure the range of deflection angles over which the lens set is capable of collecting light. In this application, the numerical aperture describes the size of the cone angle of acceptance of the lens set, and the larger the numerical aperture, the more capable the lens set receives fluorescence, thereby helping to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the ion trap system. In connection with fig. 6b described above, the object side numerical aperture is equal to n ₁ ×sinθ ₁ ，θ ₁ Is half of the aperture angle, which is the angle formed by the object point on the optical axis of the lens and the effective diameter of the lens, n ₁ Is the refractive index of the medium between the object and the lens. The numerical aperture of the image side is equal to n ₂ ×sinθ ₂ ，θ ₂ Half the aperture angle, which is the angle formed by the image point on the optical axis of the lens and the effective diameter of the lens, n ₂ Is the refractive index of the medium between the image and the lens.

3. Detection module

In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of reading the quantum state information of the ions, it is often necessary to collect enough fluorescence in a set detection time. However, in order to achieve fast and high fidelity operation on ions, it is desirable to compress the detection time as much as possible, for example, a detection time of hundred microseconds. This requires the detection module to have a read rate of thousands of times per second. Typically, the time for a single operation on an ion is typically ten microseconds to milliseconds, etc.

In one possible implementation, the detection module also needs to have the ability to detect fluorescence of multiple ions simultaneously. The following exemplary shows two possible structural diagrams of the detection module.

The structure 1, the detection module includes M optic fibre and corresponding detector.

Wherein the optical fiber may be referred to as a fluorescence transmitting portion and the corresponding detector may be referred to as a fluorescence reading portion. That is, the detection module may include a fluorescence transmitting portion and a fluorescence reading portion. The M optical fibers may also be referred to as an array of optical fibers.

Based on the difference in detector types, the following exemplarily shows the structures of three possible detection modules.

1.1, the detection module includes M optical fibers and a first PMT.

It is also understood that the corresponding detector is a first PMT, which includes P channels. Based on this structure 1.1, p may be an integer greater than or equal to M, which is an integer greater than or equal to N.

In one possible implementation, M fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with M channels of the P channels, which is also understood to be one fiber for each channel. N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped by the space light regulation module to obtain image points of the N ions, the image points of the N ions are matched with N optical fibers in the M optical fibers, and the image points of the N ions after being mapped can be accurately coupled into the matched (or called corresponding) optical fibers and can be transmitted (such as total reflection) to corresponding channels through the corresponding optical fibers.

Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided in the present application. The detection module is exemplified by a first PMT comprising 5 optical fibers (optical fibers 1-5) and 5 channels (channels 1-5). The optical fiber 1 corresponds to the channel 1, in other words, fluorescence propagating through the optical fiber 1 is coupled into the channel 1; the optical fiber 2 corresponds to the channel 2, in other words, fluorescence propagating through the optical fiber 2 is coupled into the channel 2; and so on.

Further, taking 5 ions trapped in the ion trapping module as an example, 5 image points (image points 1 to 5) regulated and controlled by the space light regulating module are in one-to-one correspondence with 5 optical fibers, fluorescence corresponding to the image point 1 can be coupled into the optical fiber 1, fluorescence corresponding to the image point 2 can be coupled into the optical fiber 2, and so on.

In one possible implementation, the P channels included in the first PMT may be equally spaced, or may be non-equally spaced, which is not limited in this application. Correspondingly, the optical fiber intervals corresponding to the intervals among the image points of the N ions regulated and controlled by the space light regulating and controlling module are consistent. In connection with the above-mentioned fig. 7a, the spacing between the

optical fibers

1 and 2 is equal to the spacing between the image points 1 and 2, the spacing between the optical fibers 2 and 3 is equal to the spacing between the image points 2 and 3, and so on. It should be understood that fig. 7a is illustrated with the fibers being equally spaced.

Based on the structure 1.1, N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped into image points of N ions through the space light regulating module, and one channel of the first PMT can read fluorescence corresponding to one image point, so that each channel of the first PMT can be fully utilized, and crosstalk between channels can be effectively reduced. Furthermore, if the image points of the N ions regulated by the space light regulation and control module are distributed in one-dimensional equidistant mode, the PMT can be compatible with the existing PMT.

Structure 1.2, the detection module includes M optical fibers and H second PMTs.

It is also understood that the corresponding detector is H second PMTs, which may be single channel PMTs, H is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to N. Wherein, the H optical fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with the H second PMTs, which may also be understood as one optical fiber corresponds to one second PMT. The H second PMTs may also be referred to as PMT arrays.

In one possible implementation manner, the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped by the spatial light modulation module to obtain image points of the N ions, where the image points of the N ions are matched with N optical fibers in the M optical fibers, and it may be understood that the image points of the N ions after mapping may be accurately coupled into the matched (or referred to as corresponding) optical fibers, and may be propagated (such as totally reflected) to the corresponding second PMT through the corresponding optical fibers.

As shown in fig. 7b, a schematic structural diagram of another detection module provided in the present application is shown. The detection module is exemplified by including 5 optical fibers (optical fibers 1 to 5) and 5 second PMTs. The optical fiber 1 corresponds to the second PMT1, in other words, fluorescence propagating through the optical fiber 1 is coupled into the second PMT1; the optical fiber 2 corresponds to the second PMT2, in other words, fluorescence propagating through the optical fiber 2 is coupled into the second PMT2; and so on. For the correspondence between the ions trapped in the ion trapping module and the optical fiber, see the above description.

Based on the structure 1.2, N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped into image points of N ions through the space light regulating module, and one second PMT can read fluorescence corresponding to one image point, so that crosstalk between different fluorescence can be effectively reduced.

Structure 1.3, the detection module comprises single photon detection (superconducting nanowire single photon detection, SNSPD) of M optical fibers and K superconducting nanowires.

It is also understood that the corresponding detectors are K SNSPDs, K being a positive integer greater than or equal to M based on this structure 1.3. Wherein, M optical fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with M SNSPDs in the K SNSPDs, namely one optical fiber is corresponding to one SNSPD.

In one possible implementation manner, N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped by the spatial light modulation module to obtain image points of the N ions, where the image points of the N ions are matched with N optical fibers in the K optical fibers, and it may be understood that the image points of the N ions after mapping may be accurately coupled into the matched (or referred to as corresponding) optical fibers, and may be propagated (such as totally reflected) to the corresponding SNSPD through the corresponding optical fibers.

It should be noted that, the structure of the detection module may be referred to in fig. 7b, and specifically, the second PMT in fig. 7b may be replaced by the SNSPD. In addition, K may be greater than, less than, or equal to H.

The structure 2, the detection module comprises an array of pixels.

In one possible implementation, the pixel array may be an electron multiplying charge coupled device (electron multiplying charge coupled deviceE, EMCCD) array, or may also be a high-speed Photodiode (PD) array.

The space light regulation and control module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of each of the N fluorescent lights and propagating the N fluorescent lights in the regulated and controlled N fluorescent lights to the pixel array. Further, alternatively, taking the pixel point of N ions as a one-dimensional distribution as an example, one column of the readout fluorescence in the pixel array may be gated or one row of the readout fluorescence in the pixel array may be gated.

Because the single-column (or row) pixel reading speed is high, and the pixels of other columns (or rows) do not need to be gated, the single-column (or row) pixel reading speed can be fully utilized, pixel resources are not wasted, and redundant information generated by blank pixels without information is not generated. Further, reading fluorescence through a pixel array has a high quantum efficiency, for example tens of photons emitted by a single ion can be detected in the order of hundreds of microseconds, and a high signal-to-noise ratio.

It should be noted that the detection module may be a combination of the

above structures

1 and 2. Particularly, when ions trapped in the ion trapping module are discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane and the types of the ions in the different areas are different, the quantum state information of the ions can be read according to a structure with higher quantum efficiency, which is selected according to the fluorescent wavelength emitted by the ions in the corresponding area, because the fluorescent wavelength emitted by the ions in the different types is different, so that higher signal to noise ratio can be achieved for fluorescent collection of different wavelengths.

It should be further noted that the detectors corresponding to the M optical fibers in the detection module may also be any combination of two or three of the first PMT, the second PMT, and the SNSPD. Wherein P, H and K are greater than or equal to M, that is, the sum of the number of channels included in the first PMT, the number of second PMTs, and the number of SNSPDs needs to be greater than or equal to M.

It will be appreciated that the second distribution information of each of the above structures 1 may be different from or the same as the second distribution information of the structure 2. For example, the second distribution information of the structure 1.1 and the second distribution information of the structure 2 may be distributed in a one-dimensional and equidistant manner. For another example, the second distribution information of the structure 1.1 may be a one-dimensional non-equidistant distribution, and the second distribution information of the structure 2 may be a one-dimensional equidistant distribution.

In this application, the ion trap system may further include a control module, which is described in detail below.

4. Control module

In one possible implementation, the control module may be used to control the spatial light modulation module, and may also be used to control the detection module, as described in more detail below.

In one aspect, the control module is configured to control the spatial light modulator.

Taking the space light modulation module as an MEMS reflector array as an example, the control module can determine the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, and generate a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector. It is also understood that the control module may determine the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror that needs to be adjusted when the third distribution information is mapped to the second distribution information. The process may also be determined during an ion trap system initialization process, and a description of a specific ion trap system initialization process is not repeated here.

Further, the control module may send a control signal to the spatial light modulation module. Correspondingly, the space light regulating and controlling module can regulate and control the deflection angle of a first MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array according to the received control signal.

In the second case, the control module is used for controlling the detection module.

In one possible implementation, the control module may also obtain quantum state information of the ions read by the detection module from the detection module.

Further, optionally, the control module may further feedback and regulate parameters of the spatial light modulation module in real time according to third distribution information of the ions acquired from the detection module, for example, a deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array, so that the third distribution information may be accurately mapped into the second distribution information, thereby maintaining signal reading quality for a long time.

In yet another possible implementation, if the detection module is the structure 2 above, the control module may further control which column or row of pixels in the gate pixel array.

By way of example, the control module may include one or more processing units, which may be, for example, a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller, an application processor (application processor, AP), a graphics processor (graphics processing unit, GPU), an image signal processor (image signal processor, ISP), a controller, a digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), an application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), or other programmable logic device, a transistor logic device, a hardware component, or any combination thereof, or the like. Wherein the different processing units may be separate devices or may be integrated in one or more processors.

Based on the foregoing, two specific implementations of the ion trap system described above are presented below in connection with specific hardware configurations. To facilitate a further understanding of the architecture of the ion trap system described above. It should be noted that, in the above-presented modules, if there is no specific description or logic conflict, other possible ion trap systems may be formed by combining according to the inherent logic relationship. The two ion trap systems given below are examples only.

Fig. 8 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of yet another ion trap system provided herein. The ion trap system may include an ion trapping module 801, a MEMS mirror array 802, a detection module 803, and a control module 804. The detection module 803 includes an optical fiber array 8031 and a first PMT8032, the ion trapping module 801 is used for trapping 5 ions, the distribution form of the 5 ions is a non-equidistant two-dimensional distribution, the optical fiber array 8031 is used for including 5 optical fibers, the MEMS mirror array 802 is used for including 5 MEMS mirrors, and the first PMT8032 is used for including 5 channels (i.e., channel 1, channel 2, channel 3, channel 4, and channel 5). For detailed descriptions of the ion trapping module 801, the MEMS mirror array 802, the detection module 803, and the control module 804, reference is made to the foregoing related descriptions, respectively, and no further description is given here.

Based on fig. 8, when the third distribution information of 5 ions in the ion trapping module is mapped to the second distribution information (i.e. one-dimensional equidistant) required by the detection module, the target deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 802 is determined, and the control module controls each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 802 to rotate to the target deflection angle through the control signal. The 5 ions respectively emit fluorescence (namely fluorescence 1-5) under the action of the detection light, 5 image points distributed in one dimension at equal intervals are formed after passing through the MEMS reflector array 802 under the target deflection angle, the fluorescence corresponding to the 5 image points is coupled into the corresponding optical fiber, specifically, the fluorescence 1 is coupled into the optical fiber 1, the fluorescence 2 is coupled into the optical fiber 2, the fluorescence 3 is coupled into the optical fiber 3, the fluorescence 4 is coupled into the optical fiber 4, and the fluorescence 5 is coupled into the optical fiber 5. Further, fiber 1 totally reflects fluorescence 1 to channel 1, fiber 2 totally reflects fluorescence 2 to channel 2, fiber 3 totally reflects fluorescence 3 to channel 3, fiber 4 totally reflects fluorescence 4 to channel 4, and fiber 5 totally reflects fluorescence 5 to channel 5.

Fig. 9 is a schematic diagram of an architecture of yet another ion trap system provided herein. The ion trap system may include an ion trapping module 901, a MEMS mirror array 902, a detection module 903, and a control module 904. The detection module 903 includes an optical fiber array 9031, a first PMT9032, and a pixel array 9033. Ion trapping module 901 is shown as trapping 5 ions, with ions a, B, and C being distributed in two different areas of a two-dimensional plane, ion D and ion E being distributed in area 1, fiber array 9031 being shown as comprising 5 fibers, MEMS mirror array 902 being shown as comprising 5 MEMS mirrors, and first PMT9032 being shown as comprising 5 channels (channel 1, channel 2, channel 3, channel 4, and channel 5). For detailed descriptions of the ion trapping module 901, the MEMS mirror array 902, the detection module 903, and the control module 904, reference is made to the foregoing related descriptions, respectively, and no further description is given here.

Based on fig. 9, when the third distribution information of 5 ions in the ion trapping module is mapped to the second distribution information (i.e. one-dimensional equidistant) required by the detection module, the target deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 902 is determined, and the control module controls each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 902 to rotate to the target deflection angle by the control signal. The 5 ions respectively emit fluorescence (namely fluorescence 1-5) under the action of the detection light, 5 image points which are distributed in one dimension at equal intervals are formed after passing through the MEMS reflector array 902 under the target deflection angle, the fluorescence corresponding to 3 image points in the 5 image points is coupled into corresponding optical fibers, specifically, the fluorescence 1 is coupled into the optical fiber 3, the fluorescence 2 is coupled into the optical fiber 4, and the fluorescence 3 is coupled into the optical fiber 5; further, fiber 3 totally reflects fluorescence 1 to channel 3, fiber 4 totally reflects fluorescence 2 to channel 4, and fiber 5 totally reflects fluorescence 3 to channel 5. The fluorescence 4 and fluorescence 5 corresponding to the image points propagate to a column in the pixel array. It should be noted that, which three optical fibers and the corresponding channels are selected may be flexibly determined according to the propagation optical path of the actual fluorescence, which is not limited in this application.

It will be appreciated that after the ion trap system is set up, it is necessary to initialize the ion trap system. Taking the parameter of the initialization space light control module as an example and taking the space light control module as an MEMS reflector array as an example, the initialization deflection angle of each MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array needs to be determined respectively in the initialization process. The specific process is as follows: after the MEMS mirror array is randomly placed at a deflection angle, by continuously adjusting the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array to change the transmission direction of the beam corresponding to the MEMS mirror pair, and performing the scan of the rader oscillation on the ion corresponding to the beam, a relationship diagram between the rader intensity and the coordinates of the beam as shown in fig. 2a can be obtained, and when the position of the beam is completely aligned with the corresponding ion, the measured rader intensity Ω is the largest, and the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror at this time is determined to be the initialized deflection angle. It will also be appreciated that after initialization of the ion trap system is complete, each MEMS mirror in the array of MEMS mirrors in the ion trap system is at a corresponding initialized deflection angle. It should be noted that the process of determining the initialized deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the first MEMS mirror array may be iterative automatic calibration and adjustment by a software program.

Based on the foregoing and the same, the present application provides a method for imaging an ion trap system, please refer to the description of fig. 10. The imaging method may be applied to the ion trap system described above in any of the embodiments of fig. 3-9. It will also be appreciated that the imaging method may be implemented based on the ion trap system described above in any of the embodiments of figures 3 to 9.

Fig. 10 is a schematic flow chart of an imaging method provided in the present application. The imaging method comprises the following steps:

in step 1001, the control module obtains third distribution information of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module.

In one possible implementation, the photographing device may slowly collect raw image information of N ions in the ion trapping module, where the raw image information includes third distribution information of the N ions. Illustratively, the photographing device may include, but is not limited to, a camera head, etc., having a function of photographing an image.

In step 1002, the control module obtains second distribution information required by the detection module.

In one possible implementation, the second distribution information of the detection module may be pre-stored. For example, the data may be stored in the control module, or may be stored in a memory that is callable by the control module, which is not limited in this application.

It should be noted that, there is no sequence between the step 1001 and the step 1002, and the step 1001 may be performed first and then the step 1002 may be performed, or the step 1002 may be performed first and then the step 1001 may be performed, or the step 1001 and the step 1002 may be performed synchronously.

In step 1003, the control module controls the spatial light modulation module to modulate a propagation direction of at least one fluorescence beam of the N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ion beams according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information.

In one possible implementation, the control module determines parameters of the spatial light modulation module when the third distribution information is to be mapped to the second distribution information. Specifically, taking the spatial light modulation module as an MEMS mirror array as an example, the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array can be determined when the third distribution information is to be mapped into the second distribution information. Further, the control module may generate a control signal based on the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror and send the control signal to the MEMS mirror array. Correspondingly, the MEMS reflector array regulates and controls the deflection angle of the first MEMS reflector according to the control signal.

It should be appreciated that the control signal may be indicative of modulating all of the MEMS mirrors in the MEMS mirror array, or may also be indicative of modulating some of the MEMS mirrors in the MEMS mirror array, the MEMS mirrors that need to be modulated may be collectively referred to as the first MEMS mirror.

For a specific process of the spatial light modulation module for modulating the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ions, reference is made to the foregoing related description, which is not repeated herein.

In step 1004, the control module controls the detection module to collect the regulated N-beam fluorescence.

The first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the regulated N bundles of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points needed by the detection module. Further, quantum state information of N ions can be determined according to the regulated N-beam fluorescence.

In one possible implementation manner, the control module may inverse transform the first distribution information into fourth distribution information according to a mapping relationship between third distribution information of ions trapped in the ion trapping module and second distribution information required by the detection module, and if the fourth distribution information is consistent with the third distribution information, it is illustrated that parameters of the spatial light modulation module are more accurate; if the parameters are inconsistent, the control module can also control and optimize the parameters of the space light modulation and control module. For example, the parameters of the spatial light control module can be set up or down according to preset rules. Taking a space light regulating module as an MEMS reflector array as an example, the parameter of the space light regulating module is the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array.

The principle of optimization is to maximize the photon energy of each ion radiation into the mapped detector while minimizing crosstalk to other detectors around.

In the operation flow, after the light field radiated by the multiple ions reaches the light field regulating device, the regulating device performs certain transformation, so that the path of the light field radiated by the ions is changed, and the transformation enables the light field of the ions to finally reach the image point acquisition device according to the setting.

Based on the above and the same concepts, fig. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible control device provided in the present application. These control means can be used to implement the method of the above-described method embodiment, as in fig. 10, and thus also achieve the advantages provided by the above-described method embodiment. In this application, the control device may be a control module in the ion trap system, or may be another independent control device (such as a chip).

As shown in fig. 11, the control device 1100 includes a processing module 1101, and further, optionally, a transceiver module 1102. The control device 1100 is used to implement the method described above in the method embodiment shown in fig. 10.

When the control device 1100 is used to implement the method of the method embodiment shown in fig. 10: the processing module 1101 determines third distribution information of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module and second distribution information of image points required by the detection module; according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, controlling the spatial light regulating module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ions, wherein the regulated N fluorescence beams propagate to the detection module, and the first distribution information of image points corresponding to the regulated N fluorescence beams is identical to the second distribution information of image points required by the detection module; and controlling the detection module to collect the regulated N-beam fluorescence, wherein the regulated N-beam fluorescence is used for quantum state information of the N ions.

In one possible implementation, the spatial light modulation module comprises a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror array; the processing module 1101 may determine a deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, and generate a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror, where the control signal is used to regulate the deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array, so as to change a propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescent beams; transceiver module 1102 is configured to transmit the control signals to the MEMS mirror array.

It should be appreciated that the processing module 1101 in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by a processor or a processor related circuit component, and the transceiver module 1102 may be implemented by an interface circuit or the like.

Based on the above and the same conception, the present application provides a chip. The chip may include a processor and interface circuitry, and further, optionally, a memory, the processor being configured to execute computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, such that the chip performs the method of any of the possible implementations of fig. 10 described above.

The method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions may be comprised of corresponding software modules that may be stored in random access memory (random access memory, RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (ROM), programmable ROM (PROM), erasable Programmable ROM (EPROM), electrically Erasable Programmable ROM (EEPROM), registers, hard disk, removable disk, CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. In the alternative, the storage medium may be integral to the processor. The processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC. In addition, the ASIC may be located in an ion trap system. Of course, the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in an ion trap system.

In the various embodiments of the application, if there is no specific description or logical conflict, terms and/or descriptions between the various embodiments are consistent and may reference each other, and features of the various embodiments may be combined to form new embodiments according to their inherent logical relationships.

In this application, "uniform" does not mean absolutely uniform, and may allow for some engineering error. "vertical" does not mean absolute vertical and may allow for some engineering error. "at least one" means one or more, and "a plurality" means two or more. "and/or", describes an association relationship of an association object, and indicates that there may be three relationships, for example, a and/or B, and may indicate: a alone, a and B together, and B alone, wherein a, B may be singular or plural. "at least one of" or the like means any combination of these items, including any combination of single item(s) or plural items(s). For example, at least one (one) of a, b or c may represent: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c", wherein a, b, c may be single or plural. In the text description of the present application, the character "/", generally indicates that the associated object is an or relationship. In the formulas of the present application, the character "/" indicates that the front and rear associated objects are a "division" relationship. In addition, in this application, the term "exemplary" is used to mean serving as an example, instance, or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "exemplary" is not necessarily to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. It is to be understood that the use of the term "exemplary" is intended to present concepts in a concrete fashion and is not intended to be limiting.

It will be appreciated that the various numerical numbers referred to in this application are merely descriptive convenience and are not intended to limit the scope of embodiments of this application. The sequence number of each process does not mean the sequence of the execution sequence, and the execution sequence of each process should be determined according to the function and the internal logic. The terms "first," "second," and the like, are used for distinguishing between similar objects and not necessarily for describing a particular sequential or chronological order. Furthermore, the terms "comprise" and "have," as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such as a series of steps or elements. The method, system, article, or apparatus is not necessarily limited to those explicitly listed but may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.

Although the present application has been described in connection with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations can be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are merely exemplary of the arrangements defined in the appended claims and are to be construed as covering any and all modifications, variations, combinations, or equivalents that are within the scope of the application.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present application without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims and the equivalents thereof, the present application is intended to encompass such modifications and variations.

Claims

1. An ion trap system is characterized by comprising an ion trapping module, a space light regulating and controlling module and a detecting module;

the ion trapping module is used for trapping N ions, the ions are used for emitting fluorescence, and N is an integer greater than 1;

the space light modulating and controlling module is used for modulating the propagation direction of at least one of the N bundles of fluorescence from the ion trapping module, and propagating the modulated N bundles of fluorescence to the detection module, wherein the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the modulated N bundles of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module;

the detection module is used for converting the received N-beam fluorescence into an electric signal, and the electric signal is used for determining quantum state information of the N ions.

2. The system of claim 1, wherein the second distribution information includes a location of an image point required by the detection module and a spacing between adjacent two of the image points required by the detection module.

3. A system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image points required by the detection modules are one-dimensional and the spacing between any two adjacent image points required by the detection modules is the same.

4. The system of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the N ions in the ion trapping module correspond to third distribution information comprising positions of the N ions and a spacing between adjacent ones of the N ions;

the ion trap system further comprises a control module for:

determining the propagation direction of each fluorescence in the N fluorescence beams according to the mapping relation between the third distribution information and the second distribution information;

generating a control signal according to the propagation direction of each of the N fluorescent lights, wherein the control signal is used for controlling and regulating the propagation direction of at least one fluorescent light in the N fluorescent lights;

and sending the control signal to the space light regulation module.

5. The system of claim 4, wherein the N ions are distributed in different regions and the spacing between ions in different regions is different.

6. The system of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the spatial light modulation module comprises a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror array;

The MEMS reflector array is used for regulating and controlling the deflection angle of at least one MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array according to the received control signal.

7. The system of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the detection module comprises any one or a combination of any of the following:

the detector comprises M optical fibers and corresponding detectors, wherein the corresponding detectors comprise any one or any combination of a plurality of single photon detectors SNSPDs of P channels of first photomultiplier PMT, H second PMT or K superconductive nanowires, and the M, P, H and the K are positive integers; or,

a pixel array.

8. The system of claim 7, wherein the detection module comprises the M optical fibers and corresponding detectors, and the pixel array;

the space light regulating and controlling module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of each fluorescence in the N fluorescence beams and regulating the N in the N fluorescence beams after regulation ₁ The beam fluorescence is coupled into the corresponding n of the M optical fibers ₁ A plurality of optical fibers for adjusting N in the regulated N-beam fluorescence ₂ Beam fluorescence propagates to the array of pixels, the n ₁ And said n ₂ And is equal to said N;

the optical fiber is used for transmitting the coupled fluorescence to the corresponding detector.

9. An imaging method for an ion trap system comprising an ion trapping module, a spatial light modulation module, and a detection module, the method comprising:

determining third distribution information of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module and second distribution information of image points required by the detection module;

according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, controlling the spatial light regulating module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ions, wherein the regulated N fluorescence beams propagate to the detection module, and the first distribution information of image points corresponding to the regulated N fluorescence beams is identical to the second distribution information of image points required by the detection module;

and controlling the detection module to collect the regulated N-beam fluorescence, wherein the regulated N-beam fluorescence is used for quantum state information of the N ions.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the spatial light modulation module comprises a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror array;

the controlling the spatial light modulation module to modulate the propagation direction of at least one fluorescence among the N fluorescence beams emitted by the N ions according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information includes:

Determining a deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information;

generating a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector, wherein the control signal is used for regulating and controlling the deflection angle of at least one MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array;

the control signal is sent to the MEMS mirror array.