CN116187460A - Ion trap system and imaging method - Google Patents

Abstract

An ion trap system and an imaging method are used for solving the problem that the quantum state information of ions in the ion trap system cannot be read quickly and with high fidelity in the prior art. Can be applied to the fields of quantum computation and the like. The ion trap system includes: the ion trapping module is used for trapping N ions, and N is an integer greater than 1; the space light regulating and controlling module is used for regulating and controlling the propagation direction of at least one fluorescent light in N fluorescent light emitted by N ions from the ion trapping module, and propagating the regulated and controlled N fluorescent light to the detection module; the detection module is used for converting the received N bundles of fluorescence into an electric signal used for determining quantum state information of N ions; the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the regulated N bundles of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points needed by the detection module. The space light regulation and control module regulates and controls the image points of N ions into a distribution form which is matched with the image points required by the detection module, so that the speed and the fidelity of the detection module for reading the quantum state information of the ions can be improved.

Description

An ion trap system and imaging method

technical field

The present application relates to the technical field of quantum computing, in particular to an ion trap system and an imaging method.

Background technique

With the development of information technology, quantum computing has attracted more and more attention. The core of quantum computing is to use the quantum system to realize general quantum computing. The basic principle of quantum computing is to use qubits (such as ions) to encode information. The state of a single qubit not only has two classical states of 0 and 1, but also a superposition state of 0 and 1. As shown in Figure 1, the qubit can be in the 0 state with half the probability and the 1 state with half the probability. n qubits can be in the superposition state of 2 ⁿ quantum states at the same time, thereby improving the calculation speed.

One of the platforms for realizing quantum computing is the ion trap system. The ion trap system mainly includes electrode structures and ions that trap ions. Imprisonment in a specific structure, and then a light beam (which can be called a probe light) is hit on the imprisoned ions to realize the detection of the quantum state of the ions. In the quantum state detection of ions, reading the quantum state information of ions is the main part of the quantum state detection. At present, optical imaging is mainly used to detect the fluorescence emitted by ions, so as to obtain the quantum state information of ions.

In the prior art, for a short chain of ions uniformly distributed in one dimension, a photomultiplier tube (photomultiplier tube, PMT) can be used to read the quantum state information of the ions. However, for one-dimensional long chains, or two-dimensionally distributed ions, or three-dimensionally distributed ions, it is impossible to read the quantum state information of ions quickly and with high fidelity through PMT.

Contents of the invention

The present application provides an ion trap system and an imaging method for reading quantum state information of ions quickly and with high fidelity.

In a first aspect, the present application provides an ion trap system. The ion trap system includes an ion trapping module, a spatial light regulation module and a detection module. Wherein, the ion trapping module is used to trap N ions, and the N is an integer greater than 1; the spatial light regulation module is used to regulate at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions from the ion trapping module The propagation direction of the fluorescent beams, and the adjusted N beams of fluorescent light are transmitted to the detection module, the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the adjusted N beams of fluorescent light and the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module The same; the detection module is used to convert the received N beams of fluorescence into electrical signals for determining the quantum state information of the N ions.

Based on the above scheme, after the N beams of fluorescence emitted by N ions reach the spatial light control module, the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence can be changed through the spatial light control module, so that the N beams of fluorescence finally arrive at the detector according to the set path module, so that the detection module can read the quantum state information of ions quickly and with high fidelity. It can also be understood that, through the spatial light control module, the distribution form of the image points of the trapped ions in the ion trapping module is regulated to match the distribution form of the image points required by the detection module, so that the quantum state information of the ions read by the detection module can be improved. speed and fidelity.

In a possible implementation manner, the second distribution information includes positions of image points required by the detection modules, and intervals between image points required by two adjacent detection modules.

The distribution form of the image points that can be detected by the detection module can be characterized through the second distribution information.

In a possible implementation manner, the image points required by the detection modules are distributed in one dimension, and the intervals between the image points required by any two adjacent detection modules are the same. It can also be understood that the distribution form of the image points that can be detected by the detection module is one-dimensional and equally spaced.

In a possible implementation manner, the N ions in the ion trapping module correspond to third distribution information, and the third distribution information includes the positions of the N ions, and the positions of the N ions adjacent to each other. It can also be understood that the third distribution information can represent the distribution form of ions trapped by the ion trapping module. Further, optionally, the ion trap system further includes a control module, configured to determine the propagation direction of each fluorescent beam in the N fluorescent beams according to the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information, And generate a control signal according to the propagation direction of each fluorescent beam in the N beams of fluorescent light, and send the control signal to the spatial light regulation module, wherein the control signal is used to control and regulate at least one of the N fluorescent beams The direction of propagation of fluorescence.

The control module can control the spatial light regulation module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescent beams.

In a possible implementation manner, the spatial light regulation module includes a microelectromechanical system (microelectro-mechanical system, MEMS) mirror array, which is used to regulate the light in the MEMS mirror array according to the received control signal. The deflection angle of the at least one MEMS mirror.

By adjusting the deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array, the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescent light can be adjusted.

In a possible implementation manner, the N ions are distributed in different regions, and intervals between ions in different regions are different.

Trapping ions separately, often in different regions, allows different types of operations to be performed simultaneously, helping to scale quantum computing.

In a possible implementation manner, the detection module includes M optical fibers and corresponding detectors. The following exemplarily shows the possible structure of the detection module based on the type of the corresponding detector.

Example 1, the detection module includes a first PMT with M optical fibers and P channels, where P is an integer greater than or equal to M, one ion corresponds to one optical fiber, and one optical fiber corresponds to one channel.

Based on this, the spatial light control module is used to control the propagation direction of each fluorescent light in the N fluorescent light beams, and couple the N fluorescent light beams in the adjusted N fluorescent light beams into the corresponding optical fibers in the M optical fibers. N optical fibers, and the N optical fibers couple the corresponding received fluorescence into the channel corresponding to the first PMT.

The N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped to N image points through the spatial light regulation module, and one channel of the first PMT can read the fluorescence corresponding to one image point, so each channel of the first PMT can be fully utilized , so that the crosstalk between channels can be effectively reduced.

Example 2, the detection module includes M optical fibers and H second PMTs, H is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, M is an integer greater than or equal to N, one ion corresponds to one optical fiber, and one optical fiber corresponds to one second PMT .

Based on this, the spatial light control module is used to control the propagation direction of each fluorescent light in the N fluorescent light beams, and couple the N fluorescent light beams in the adjusted N fluorescent light beams into the corresponding optical fibers in the M optical fibers. N optical fibers, and the N optical fibers couple the corresponding received fluorescence into the corresponding second PMT.

Example 3, the detection module includes M optical fibers and K superconducting nanowire single photon detection (superconducting nanowire single photon detection, SNSPD), K is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to N , one ion corresponds to one fiber, and one fiber corresponds to one SNSPD.

Based on this, the spatial light control module is used to control the propagation direction of each fluorescent light in the N fluorescent light beams, and couple the N fluorescent light beams in the adjusted N fluorescent light beams into the corresponding optical fibers in the M optical fibers. N optical fibers, and the N optical fibers couple the corresponding received fluorescence into the corresponding SNSPD.

Example 4, the detection module includes M optical fibers, and a combination of any two or three of P channels of first PMTs, H second PMTs, and K SNSPDs.

In another possible implementation manner, the detection module includes a pixel array.

Based on this, the spatial light regulation module is used for regulating the propagation direction of each of the N fluorescent beams, and propagating the adjusted N fluorescent light beams to the pixel array. For example, if the adjusted N beams of fluorescent light are one-dimensionally distributed at equal intervals, the spatial light control module can propagate the N beams of fluorescent light distributed in this dimension to one column or row of the detection module.

Since the read speed of a single column (or row) of pixels is fast and there is no need to strobe pixels of other columns (or rows), the fast read speed of a single column (or row) of pixels can be fully utilized without wasting pixel resources and without There will be redundant information generated by blank pixels with no information, etc. Further, reading fluorescence through a pixel array has high quantum efficiency, for example, dozens of photons emitted by a single ion can be detected in a time of several hundred microseconds, and has a high signal-to-noise ratio.

In yet another possible implementation manner, the detection module includes the M optical fibers, corresponding detectors, and the pixel array.

Based on this, the spatial light control module is used to control the propagation direction of each fluorescent light in the N fluorescent light beams, and couple n ₁ fluorescent light beams in the adjusted N fluorescent light beams into the corresponding M optical fibers. n ₁ optical fibers for propagating n ₂ of the regulated N fluorescent beams to the pixel array, n ₁ +n ₂ =N; the optical fiber is used for propagating the coupled fluorescent light to the pixel array the corresponding detector.

When the ions trapped in the ion trapping module are discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, and the types of ions in different areas are different, since the fluorescence wavelengths emitted by different types of ions are different, quantum can be selected for the fluorescence wavelengths emitted by ions in the corresponding areas. The structure with higher efficiency reads the quantum state information of ions, so that the fluorescence collection of different wavelengths can achieve a higher signal-to-noise ratio.

In a second aspect, the present application provides an imaging method. The method can be applied to an ion trap system, and the ion trap system includes an ion trapping module, a spatial light regulation module and a detection module. The method includes determining third distribution information of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module, and second distribution information of image points required by the detection module; according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, Controlling the spatial light regulation module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions, the regulated N beams of fluorescence propagate to the detection module, and the regulated N beams The first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; the detection module is controlled to collect the regulated N beams of fluorescence, and the regulated N beams of fluorescence are used for all Describe the quantum state information of N ions.

In a possible implementation manner, the spatial light regulation module includes a microelectromechanical system MEMS mirror array; further, according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, it is possible to determine The deflection angle of each MEMS mirror; according to the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror, a control signal is generated, and the control signal is sent to the MEMS mirror array, and the control signal is used to regulate the MEMS reflection The deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the mirror array is used to change the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescent light.

In a third aspect, the present application provides a control device, which is used to implement the second aspect or any one of the methods in the second aspect, and includes corresponding functional modules, respectively used to implement the steps in the above methods. The functions may be implemented by hardware, or may be implemented by executing corresponding software through hardware. Hardware or software includes one or more modules corresponding to the above-mentioned functions.

In a possible implementation manner, the control device is, for example, a chip or a chip system or a logic circuit. For the beneficial effects, reference may be made to the description of the second aspect above, and details are not repeated here. The control device may include: a transceiver module and a processing module. The processing module can be configured to support the control device to perform the corresponding functions in the method of the second aspect above, and the transceiver module is used to support the communication between the control device and other modules in the ion trap system or with devices outside the ion trap system, etc. interaction between. Wherein, the transceiver module may be an independent receiving module, an independent transmitting module, a transceiver module integrated with transceiver functions, and the like.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a qubit provided by the present application;

Figure 2a is a schematic diagram of the relationship between Rabi intensity and beam coordinates provided by the present application;

Figure 2b is a schematic diagram of a pixel array provided by the present application;

FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap system provided by the present application;

Figure 4a is a schematic diagram of an ion distribution form provided by the present application;

Figure 4b is a schematic diagram of another ion distribution form provided by the present application;

Figure 4c is a schematic diagram of another ion distribution form provided by the present application;

Figure 5a is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trapping module provided by the present application;

Figure 5b is a schematic diagram of the principle of trapping ions by an ion trapping module provided by the present application;

Figure 6a is a schematic structural view of a MEMS mirror array provided by the present application;

Fig. 6b is a schematic structural diagram of a light beam collection assembly provided by the present application;

Fig. 7a is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided by the present application;

Fig. 7b is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided by the present application;

FIG. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another ion trap system provided by the present application;

FIG. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another ion trap system provided by the present application;

FIG. 10 is a schematic flow chart of an imaging method provided by the present application;

FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a control device provided by the present application.

Detailed ways

Embodiments of the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Hereinafter, some terms used in this application will be explained. It should be noted that these explanations are for the convenience of those skilled in the art to understand, and do not limit the scope of protection required by the present application.

1. Scanning of Rabi oscillations

The scanning of Rabi oscillation refers to loading ions with beams of different durations to obtain different oscillation signals. The oscillation period T is obtained by fitting different oscillation signals corresponding to different durations. According to the relationship between the Rabi intensity and the oscillation period Ω=1 /T to determine the Rabi strength of a location. By changing the position where the beam irradiates on the ion, different Rabi intensities Ω can be obtained. That is to say, the position where the beam irradiates the ion is different, and the obtained Rabi intensity Ω is also different. When the beam and the ion are completely aligned, the measured Rabi intensity is the largest. Fig. 2a shows a schematic diagram of the relationship between Rabi intensity and beam coordinates. As shown in Fig. 2a, when the beam coordinate is X ₀ , the corresponding Rabi intensity is the largest, which is Ω ₀ , indicating that when the beam coordinate is X ₀ , the beam and the irradiated ions are completely aligned.

2. Strobe pixels

The strobe image means that in the pixel array (see Figure 2b, a 5×5 array), the row address can be used as the abscissa, and the column address can be used as the ordinate, and the row and column strobe signals can be used to extract the specified location in the memory (that is, the specified row and column), the pixel corresponding to the extracted specified position is the gated pixel. Further, the pixels in the pixel array can store the detected signals in the corresponding memory.

Based on the above, when multiple ions need to be detected at the same time, the detection light is irradiated on the corresponding ions, and the ions will undergo photoluminescence to generate fluorescence, and the quantum state information of the ions can be obtained by collecting the generated fluorescence. However, when the distribution form of the ions does not match the distribution form that the detection module can detect, the detection module cannot read the quantum state information of the ions accurately and with high fidelity. For example, ions are in a two-dimensional distribution form, and the detection module can detect that the distribution form is a one-dimensional distribution form. At this time, the detection module cannot quickly read the quantum state information of each ion.

In view of this, the present application proposes an ion trap system, which regulates the distribution of image points of ions trapped in the ion trapping module to match the distribution of image points required by the detection module through the spatial light regulation module, thereby The speed and fidelity of reading the quantum state information of ions by the detection module can be improved.

Based on the above content, the ion trap system proposed by the present application will be described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawings 3 to 9 .

As shown in FIG. 3 , it is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trap system provided by the present application. The ion trap system 300 may include an ion trapping module 301 , a spatial light regulation module 302 and a detection module 303 . The ion trapping module 301 is used to trap N ions, where N is an integer greater than 1, the ions can emit fluorescence under the action of the detection light, and one ion can emit a beam of fluorescence under the action of the detection light. The spatial light control module 302 is used to control the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence, and propagate the adjusted N beams of fluorescence to the detection module 303, and the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the adjusted N beams of fluorescence and The second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module 303 is the same. Specifically, the first distribution information can represent the distribution form of the image points after the N ions imprisoned by the ion trapping module 301 are regulated by the spatial light control module 302 in the direction of propagation. The second distribution information may characterize the distribution form of the image points required by the detection module 303 . The second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module 303 can also be understood as that the detection module 303 can accurately and quickly detect the image points distributed according to the second distribution information. The detection module 303 is used for converting the received N beams of fluorescence into electrical signals for determining the quantum state information of N ions. In other words, the detection module 303 is used for photoelectric conversion of the received N beams of fluorescent light.

Based on the above ion trap system, after the N beams of fluorescence emitted by N ions reach the spatial light control module, the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence can be changed through the spatial light control module, so that the N beams of fluorescence finally follow the set path reach the detection module, so that the detection module can read the quantum state information of ions quickly and with high fidelity. It can also be understood that, through the spatial light control module, the distribution form of the image points of the trapped ions in the ion trapping module is regulated to match the distribution form of the image points required by the detection module, so that the quantum state information of the ions read by the detection module can be improved. speed and fidelity.

Each functional module shown in FIG. 3 is introduced and described below to give an exemplary specific implementation solution. For the convenience of explanation, the ion trapping module, spatial light regulation module and detection module in the following are not marked with numbers.

1. Ion trapping module

In a possible implementation manner, the ion trapping module is used to trap ions, and the trapped ions may be distributed in any distribution form. For example, it can be a one-dimensional ion chain of any length, and the intervals between adjacent ions can be the same or different. Please refer to FIG. 4a for an example of a one-dimensional ion chain with different intervals between adjacent ions. For another example, it can also be a two-dimensional distributed ion array, please refer to FIG. 4b. For another example, it can also be ions discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, please refer to Figure 4c, taking two different areas as an example, generally the difference in the distance between ions in different areas is on the order of hundreds of microns. For large-scale quantum computing, it is usually necessary to confine ions in different regions to simultaneously perform different types of operations (such as ion cooling, quantum state detection, quantum state readout, etc.), so as to achieve scalable quantum computing. For another example, it can also be a three-dimensional distribution. It should be noted that, usually, the trapped ions in the ion trapping module are dense in the middle and sparse in the two ends.

In a possible implementation manner, the distribution form of the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module can be characterized by the third distribution information. Specifically, the third distribution information may include, but not limited to, the positions of ions and the intervals between adjacent ions. Further, optionally, the position of the ion can be represented by two-dimensional coordinates (x, y).

As shown in Fig. 5a, it is a schematic structural diagram of an ion trapping module provided by the present application. The ion trapping module includes direct current (direct current, DC) electrodes and radio frequency (radio frequency, RF) electrodes, and the DC electrodes and RF electrodes can be arranged on the substrate (for example, the electrodes can be etched on the substrate by means of micromachining, printed circuit, etc. superior). DC electrodes and RF electrodes may also be referred to as trapping electrodes. Further, the ion trapping module may also include an electromagnetic field generating device (such as a power supply). Both the DC electrode and the RF electrode are connected to an electromagnetic field generating device (such as a power supply). After the power is turned on, the RF electrode can generate an alternating radio frequency electric field, and the DC electrode can generate a DC electric field. Potential well, so that ions can be trapped, the principle can be seen in Figure 5b. The curve in Figure 5b shows the distribution of electric field lines at a certain moment. After half a radio frequency cycle, the electric field lines are reversed, and the ions are trapped in the potential well where the electric field lines change rapidly. The average effect is that the ion is trapped in the potential well. imprisoned on the surface of the electrode.

It should be noted that the structure of the ion-trapping module given above is only illustrative, and any structure that can realize ion-trapping is within the protection scope of the present application. For example, the ion trapping module can also be a "Paul ion trap" (also known as a quadrupole ion trap). The quadrupole ion trap can be realized by adding a quadrupole structure to the front and rear end covers. It increases the storage capacity of ions, and helps avoid space charge effects and simplifies the electrode structure. Quadrupole ion traps are also called linear ion traps, or blade traps, or surface traps, etc. , which is not limited in this application.

In a possible implementation manner, the types of ions trapped in the ion trapping modules may be the same, or may also be different, or may also be partly the same. For example, trapped ions may include, but not limited to, any one or combination of ytterbium (Yb) ions, calcium (Ca) ions, or beryllium (Be) ions. Different kinds of ions emit fluorescence at different wavelengths.

It should be noted that, in order to prevent other particles from the outside world from colliding with the trapped ions, thereby destroying the quantum state of the trapped ions or even causing the loss of the trapped ions, the trapped ions usually need to be placed in a vacuum system or Ultra-high vacuum system (or called vacuum chamber) to achieve isolation from the external environment.

2. Spatial light control module

In a possible implementation manner, the spatial light regulation module is used to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescent beams from the ion trapping module, so that the modulated fluorescent light can be accurately detected by the detection module. It can also be understood that, through the spatial light regulation module, the propagation direction of at least one of the N fluorescent beams from the ion trapping module can be regulated. Since the fluorescence emitted by the ions can form the image points of the ions, the image points of the ions can be rearranged after being regulated by the spatial light regulation module, and the distribution form of the image points of the rearranged ions matches the distribution form required by the detection module ( or unanimous). In other words, the spatial light regulation module maps the distribution form of ions in the ion trapping module to the distribution form that can be accurately detected by the detection module, so that the detection module can quickly and high-fidelity read the quanta of ions trapped by the ion trapping module status information.

In a possible implementation manner, the spatial light regulation module may include, for example, a MEMS mirror array, please refer to FIG. 6 a . The MEMS mirror array includes at least N MEMS mirrors, and one MEMS mirror corresponds to one ion. It can also be understood that one MEMS mirror can be used to regulate the fluorescence from one ion. It should be understood that Fig. 6a is an example in which the MEMS mirror array includes 5 MEMS mirrors.

For example, if the distribution form required by the detection module is a one-dimensional equidistant distribution, and the distribution form of the N ions imprisoned by the ion trapping module is discretely distributed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane (see Figure 4c), then the spatial light control module By adjusting the fluorescence propagation direction of ions discretely distributed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane, the image points of N ions are adjusted to a one-dimensional equidistant distribution consistent with the distribution form required by the detection module. It can also be understood that the spatial light regulation module can map ions discretely distributed in different regions of a two-dimensional plane into image points of one-dimensionally distributed ions, and can regulate the interval of image points of one-dimensionally distributed ions. In other words, the third distribution information is mapped to the second distribution information by the spatial light regulation module.

As shown in Table 1, it is a mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information provided by the present application, the mapping relationship includes when the third distribution information is mapped to the second distribution information, each MEMS mirror array The deflection angle θ _i of the MEMS mirror.

Table 1 Mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information

It should be noted that the representation of the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information in the form of a table is only an example, and the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information in this application can also be expressed in other ways. There is no limit to this.

It should also be noted that the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information can be various. For example, the third distribution information is the distribution information of one-dimensional non-equidistant ions, and the second distribution information is one-dimensional equidistant ion distribution information. The distribution information of the ions. For another example, the third distribution information is the distribution information of ions discretely distributed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane, and the second distribution information is the distribution information of ions with one-dimensional equidistant distances. For another example, the third distribution information is the distribution information of ions discretely distributed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane, and the second distribution information is the distribution information of one-dimensional unequal-spaced ions. They are not listed here.

It should also be noted that when the third distribution information is mapped to the second distribution information, it is necessary to follow the principle that the optical paths of the image points of all ions are similar; moreover, the difference between the maximum optical path and the minimum optical path is less than the imaging optical path depth of field. In this way, the N beams of fluorescence passing through the spatial light regulation module can be focused on the detection module.

In a possible implementation manner, the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information may be stored in advance, or may be sent by the control module to the regulation module in real time.

If the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is pre-stored. The deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array can be adjusted during the initialization process of the ion trap (see the ion initialization process for details). When the fluorescence emitted by the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module passes through the spatial light regulation module, the adjusted The first distribution information of the image points of the N ions is consistent with the second distribution information required by the detection module. It can also be understood that based on this, the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array is preset, the third distribution information of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module is fixed, and the second distribution information required by the detection module is also fixed.

If the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information is sent by the control module to the spatial light control module in real time. The third distribution information can be mapped to the second distribution information by changing the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array. Exemplarily, the control module may send a control signal to the MEMS mirror array to change the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array. Specifically, by changing the deflection angle of the first MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array, the propagation direction of the fluorescence emitted by the corresponding ions can be changed, and further, the distance between the image points can be adjusted arbitrarily within a certain range , wherein the first MEMS mirror is at least one of the MEMS mirror array. Specifically, it is necessary to change the deflection angle of which or several MEMS mirrors in the MEMS mirror array and how much the deflection is changed, both of which can be controlled by the control signal. Based on this, the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror array can be flexibly adjusted, and the second distribution information required by the detection module can also be flexibly selected. For example, the control module can control and select which of the structure 1 and structure 2 given below is used by the detection module. or which kinds of structures.

Through the spatial light regulation module, the distribution form of the image points of the trapped ions in the ion trapping module can be freely regulated, which helps to optimize the reading efficiency and signal-to-noise ratio of the quantum state information of the ions. Further, the range of trapped ions in the ion trapping module may exceed the field of view of the detection module. For ions discretely distributed in different regions of the two-dimensional plane, the fluorescence emitted by the ions can be regulated by the spatial light regulation module. The image points of ions are all compressed into the field of view of the detection module, which helps to reduce blank redundant information.

Further, optionally, the spatial light regulation module may also include a beam collection component, which is mainly used to collect fluorescence emitted by ions, and transmit the collected fluorescence to the MEMS mirror array. Moreover, the beam collecting component can also be used to scale up the image points corresponding to the fluorescence emitted by the ions.

Exemplarily, the light beam collecting assembly may be a lens set comprising at least one lens. As shown in FIG. 6 b , it is a schematic structural diagram of a light beam collection assembly provided by the present application. The light beam collecting assembly is illustrated as including a lens as an example. It should be noted that the application does not limit the number of lenses included in the lens group, which may be more than the above-mentioned Figure 6b, or may be less than the above-mentioned Figure 6b, and the application does not limit the type of lenses, and the lenses can also be Including other lenses or combinations of other lenses, such as plano-convex lenses, plano-concave lenses, etc. Furthermore, the lens set may be rotationally symmetric about the optical axis. For example, the lens in the lens group can be a single spherical lens, or a combination of multiple spherical lenses. Alternatively, the lens group may also be non-rotationally symmetric. For example, the lens in the lens group can be a single aspheric lens, or a combination of multiple aspheric lenses. The combination of multiple spherical lenses and/or aspheric lenses helps to improve the imaging quality of the lens group and reduce the aberration of the lens group.

In a possible implementation manner, the materials of the lenses in the lens group may be optical materials such as glass, resin, or crystal. When the lens material is resin, it helps to reduce the mass of the detection system. When the lens is made of glass, it helps to further improve the imaging quality of the ion trap system. Further, in order to effectively suppress temperature drift, the lens group includes at least one lens made of glass material.

It should be noted that the lens group needs to meet a large numerical aperture (numerical aperture, NA), a suitable magnification, and the like. Wherein, the numerical aperture is a dimensionless number, which is used to measure the range of deflection angles that the lens group can collect light. In this application, the numerical aperture describes the size of the light collection cone angle of the lens group. The larger the numerical aperture, the stronger the ability of the lens group to receive fluorescence, which helps to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the ion trap system. Combined with the above figure 6b, the numerical aperture of the object is equal to n ₁ × sinθ ₁ , θ ₁ is half of the aperture angle, the aperture angle refers to the angle formed by the object point on the optical axis of the lens and the effective diameter of the lens, and n ₁ is the object The refractive index of the medium between the lens and the lens. The numerical aperture of the image side is equal to n ₂ × sinθ ₂ , θ ₂ is half of the aperture angle, the aperture angle refers to the angle formed by the image point on the optical axis of the lens and the effective diameter of the lens, n ₂ is the distance between the image and the lens The refractive index of the medium.

3. Detection module

In order to improve the signal-to-noise ratio and the fidelity of reading the quantum state information of ions, it is usually necessary to collect enough fluorescence within the set detection time. However, in order to achieve fast and high-fidelity operation on ions, it is necessary to compress the detection time as much as possible, for example, the detection time is hundreds of microseconds. This requires a probe module with a read rate of thousands of reads per second. Generally, the time for a single operation on ions is usually from ten microseconds to milliseconds.

In a possible implementation manner, the detection module also needs to have the ability to simultaneously detect the fluorescence of multiple ions. The structural diagrams of two possible detection modules are exemplarily shown below.

In structure 1, the detection module includes M optical fibers and corresponding detectors.

Wherein, the optical fiber may be called a fluorescence transmission part, and the corresponding detector may be called a fluorescence reading part. That is, the detection module may include a fluorescence transmitting portion and a fluorescence reading portion. The M optical fibers may also be referred to as an optical fiber array.

Based on the different types of detectors, the structures of three possible detection modules are exemplarily shown as follows.

Structure 1.1, the detection module includes M optical fibers and a first PMT.

It can also be understood that the corresponding detector is the first PMT, and the first PMT includes P channels. Based on the structure 1.1, P can be an integer greater than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to N.

In a possible implementation manner, the M optical fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with the M channels in the P channels, which can also be understood as that one optical fiber corresponds to one channel. The N ions imprisoned in the ion trapping module are mapped by the spatial light control module to obtain the image points of N ions, and the image points of the N ions are matched with the N optical fibers in the M optical fibers. It can also be understood that the mapped N An image point of an ion can be accurately coupled into a matched (or called corresponding) optical fiber, and can propagate (such as total reflection) to a corresponding channel through the corresponding optical fiber.

As shown in Fig. 7a, it is a schematic structural diagram of a detection module provided by the present application. The detection module takes the first PMT including 5 optical fibers (fiber 1-fiber 5) and 5 channels (channel 1-channel 5) as an example. Fiber 1 corresponds to channel 1, in other words, the fluorescence transmitted through fiber 1 will be coupled into channel 1; fiber 2 corresponds to channel 2, in other words, the fluorescence transmitted through fiber 2 will be coupled into channel 2; and so on.

Further, taking five ions trapped in the ion trapping module as an example, the five image points (image point 1 to image point 5) regulated by the spatial light regulation module correspond to the five optical fibers one by one, and image point 1 corresponds to The fluorescence corresponding to image point 2 can be coupled into fiber 1, the fluorescence corresponding to image point 2 can be coupled into fiber 2, and so on.

In a possible implementation manner, the P channels included in the first PMT may be equally spaced or unequally spaced, which is not limited in the present application. Correspondingly, the intervals between the image points of the N ions regulated by the spatial light regulation module correspond to the same optical fiber intervals. In conjunction with the above Figure 7a, the interval between optical fiber 1 and optical fiber 2 is equal to the interval between image point 1 and image point 2, and the interval between optical fiber 2 and optical fiber 3 is equal to the interval between image point 2 and image point 3 ,And so on. It should be understood that Fig. 7a is an example in which the optical fibers are arranged at equal intervals.

Based on the structure 1.1, the N ions imprisoned in the ion trapping module are mapped to the image points of N ions through the spatial light regulation module, and one channel of the first PMT can read the fluorescence corresponding to an image point, so it can make full use of Each channel of the first PMT can effectively reduce crosstalk between channels. Furthermore, if the image points of the N ions regulated by the spatial light regulation module are distributed at one-dimensional equal intervals, it can also be compatible with the existing PMT.

In structure 1.2, the detection module includes M optical fibers and H second PMTs.

It can also be understood that the corresponding detectors are H second PMTs, the second PMTs may be single-channel PMTs, H is a positive integer greater than or equal to M, and M is an integer greater than or equal to N. Wherein, the H optical fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with the H second PMTs, which can also be understood as that one optical fiber corresponds to one second PMT. It should be noted that the H second PMTs may also be referred to as a PMT array.

In a possible implementation, the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped by the spatial light control module to obtain the image points of N ions, and the image points of the N ions are matched with the N optical fibers in the M optical fibers. It can also be understood that the image points of the N ions after mapping can be accurately coupled into matching (or corresponding) optical fibers, and can be propagated (such as total reflection) to the corresponding second PMT through the corresponding optical fibers.

As shown in FIG. 7 b , it is a schematic structural diagram of another detection module provided by the present application. The detection module includes 5 optical fibers (fiber 1-fiber 5) and 5 second PMTs as an example. Optical fiber 1 corresponds to the second PMT1, in other words, the fluorescence transmitted through the optical fiber 1 will be coupled into the second PMT1; optical fiber 2 corresponds to the second PMT2, in other words, the fluorescence transmitted through the optical fiber 2 will be coupled into the second PMT2; and so on. For the corresponding relationship between the ion trapped in the ion trapping module and the optical fiber, please refer to the relevant description above.

Based on the structure 1.2, the N ions imprisoned in the ion trapping module are mapped to the image points of N ions through the spatial light regulation module, and a second PMT can read the fluorescence corresponding to an image point, so it can effectively reduce the Crosstalk between different fluorophores.

In structure 1.3, the detection module includes M optical fibers and K superconducting nanowire single photon detection (superconducting nanowire single photon detection, SNSPD).

It can also be understood that the corresponding detectors are K SNSPDs, and based on the structure 1.3, K is a positive integer greater than or equal to M. Wherein, the M optical fibers are in one-to-one correspondence with the M SNSPDs in the K SNSPDs, that is, one optical fiber corresponds to one SNSPD.

In a possible implementation, the N ions trapped in the ion trapping module are mapped by the spatial light control module to obtain the image points of N ions, and the image points of the N ions are matched with the N optical fibers in the K optical fibers. It can also be understood that the image points of the N ions after mapping can be accurately coupled into matching (or corresponding) optical fibers, and can propagate (such as total reflection) to the corresponding SNSPD through the corresponding optical fibers.

It should be noted that, the structure of the detection module may refer to the above-mentioned FIG. 7b, and specifically, the second PMT in FIG. 7b may be replaced with an SNSPD. Additionally, K may be greater than, less than or equal to H.

In structure 2, the detection module includes a pixel array.

In a possible implementation, the pixel array may be an electron multiplying charge coupled device (electron multiplying charge coupled deviceE, EMCCD) array, or may also be a high-speed photodiode (photo-diode, PD) array.

The spatial light regulation module is used for regulating the propagation direction of each fluorescent light in the N fluorescent light beams, and propagating the adjusted N fluorescent light beams in the N fluorescent light beams to the pixel array. Further, optionally, taking the one-dimensional distribution of image points of N ions as an example, one column in the pixel array may be selected to read fluorescence or one row in the pixel array may be selected to read fluorescence.

Due to the fast reading speed of single column (or row) pixels and the need not to strobe the pixels of other columns (or rows), the fast reading speed of single column (or row) pixels can be fully utilized without wasting pixel resources and will not Redundant information generated by blank pixels with no information appears. Further, reading fluorescence through a pixel array has high quantum efficiency, for example, dozens of photons emitted by a single ion can be detected in a time of several hundred microseconds, and has a high signal-to-noise ratio.

It should be noted that the detection module may also be a combination of the above structure 1 and structure 2. Especially when the ions trapped in the ion trapping module are discretely distributed in different areas of the two-dimensional plane, and the types of ions in different areas are different, since the fluorescence wavelengths emitted by different types of ions are different, the fluorescence wavelengths emitted by ions in the corresponding areas can be A structure with high quantum efficiency is selected to read the quantum state information of ions, so that a high signal-to-noise ratio can be achieved for fluorescence collection of different wavelengths.

It should also be noted that the detectors corresponding to the M optical fibers in the detection module may also be a combination of any two or three of the first PMT, the second PMT and the SNSPD. Wherein, P, H, and K are greater than or equal to M, that is to say, the sum of the number of channels included in the first PMT, the number of second PMTs, and the number of SNSPDs needs to be greater than or equal to M.

It can be understood that the second distribution information of each structure in structure 1 may be different from the second distribution information of structure 2, or may be the same. For example, the second distribution information of structure 1.1 and the second distribution information of structure 2 may both be in a one-dimensional and equidistant distribution form. For another example, the second distribution information of structure 1.1 may be in a one-dimensional non-equidistant distribution form, and the second distribution information of structure 2 may be in a one-dimensional equidistant distribution form.

In the present application, the ion trap system may further include a control module, which will be described in detail below.

4. Control module

In a possible implementation manner, the control module can be used to control the spatial light regulation module, and can also be used to control the detection module, which will be described in detail below by case.

In case one, the control module is used to control the spatial light regulation module.

Taking the spatial light control module as an example of a MEMS mirror array, the control module can determine the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, and according to the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror The deflection angle generates a control signal. It can also be understood that the control module can determine the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror that needs to be adjusted when the third distribution information is mapped to the second distribution information. This process can also be determined during the initialization process of the ion trap system, and the specific description of the initialization process of the ion trap system will not be repeated here.

Further, the control module can send a control signal to the spatial light regulation module. Correspondingly, the spatial light regulation module can regulate the deflection angle of the first MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the received control signal.

In the second case, the control module is used to control the detection module.

In a possible implementation manner, the control module may also acquire quantum state information of ions read by the detection module from the detection module.

Further, optionally, the control module can also feedback and control the parameters of the spatial light regulation module in real time according to the third distribution information of ions obtained from the detection module, such as the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array, The third distribution information can be accurately mapped to the second distribution information, so that the signal reading quality can be maintained for a long time.

In yet another possible implementation, if the detection module has the structure 2 above, the control module can also control which column or row of pixels in the pixel array is selected.

Exemplarily, the control module may include one or more processing units, and the processing unit may be, for example, a field programmable gate array (field programmable gate array, FPGA), a proportional-integral-derivative (proportional-integral-derivative, PID) control processor, application processor (application processor, AP), graphics processing unit (graphics processing unit, GPU), image signal processor (image signal processor, ISP), controller, digital signal processor (digital signal processor, DSP), An application specific integrated circuit (application specific integrated circuit, ASIC), a central processing unit (central processing unit, CPU), or other programmable logic devices, transistor logic devices, hardware components, or any combination thereof. Wherein, different processing units may be independent devices, or may be integrated in one or more processors.

Based on the above content, two specific implementations of the above-mentioned ion trap system are given below in combination with a specific hardware structure. In order to further understand the structure of the above-mentioned ion trap system. It should be noted that, among the modules given above, if there is no special instruction and logical conflict, other possible ion trap systems can be formed by combining according to their inherent logical relationships. The two ion trap systems given below are examples only.

As shown in FIG. 8 , it is a schematic structural diagram of another ion trap system provided by the present application. The ion trap system may include an ion trapping module 801 , a MEMS mirror array 802 , a detection module 803 and a control module 804 . Among them, the detection module 803 includes an optical fiber array 8031 and a first PMT8032. The ion trapping module 801 takes five ions as an example. For example, the MEMS mirror array 802 includes 5 MEMS mirrors as an example, and the first PMT 8032 includes 5 channels (ie, channel 1, channel 2, channel 3, channel 4, and channel 5) as an example. For the detailed introduction of the ion trapping module 801 , the MEMS mirror array 802 , the detection module 803 and the control module 804 , please refer to the above-mentioned relevant descriptions respectively, and will not repeat them here.

Based on the above-mentioned Fig. 8, when the third distribution information of the 5 ions in the ion trapping module is mapped to the second distribution information (i.e. one-dimensional equidistant) required by the detection module, determine the position of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 802 For the target deflection angle, the control module controls each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 802 to rotate to the target deflection angle through a control signal. Under the action of the probe light, the five ions respectively emit fluorescence (that is, fluorescence 1 to 5), and form five image points with one-dimensional equidistant distribution after passing through the MEMS mirror array 802 at the target deflection angle, and the five image points correspond to Fluorescence is coupled into corresponding optical fibers, specifically, fluorescence 1 is coupled into optical fiber 1 , fluorescence 2 is coupled into optical fiber 2 , fluorescence 3 is coupled into optical fiber 3 , fluorescence 4 is coupled into optical fiber 4 , and fluorescence 5 is coupled into optical fiber 5 . Further, fiber 1 totally reflects fluorescence 1 to channel 1, fiber 2 totally reflects fluorescence 2 to channel 2, fiber 3 totally reflects fluorescence 3 to channel 3, fiber 4 totally reflects fluorescence 4 to channel 4, fiber 5 totally reflects fluorescence 5 Total reflection to channel 5.

As shown in FIG. 9 , it is a schematic structural diagram of another ion trap system provided by the present application. The ion trap system may include an ion trapping module 901 , a MEMS mirror array 902 , a detection module 903 and a control module 904 . Wherein, the detection module 903 includes an optical fiber array 9031 , a first PMT 9032 and a pixel array 9033 . The ion trapping module 901 takes five ions as an example. These five ions are distributed in two different areas on the two-dimensional plane. Ions A, Ion B, and Ion C are distributed in Area 1, and Ions D and Ion E are distributed in Area 1. 2 as an example, the fiber array 9031 includes 5 optical fibers as an example, the MEMS mirror array 902 includes 5 MEMS mirrors as an example, and the first PMT9032 includes 5 channels (channel 1, channel 2, channel 3, channel 4 and channel 5) as an example. For the detailed introduction of the ion trapping module 901 , the MEMS mirror array 902 , the detection module 903 and the control module 904 , please refer to the above-mentioned relevant descriptions respectively, and will not repeat them here.

Based on the above-mentioned Fig. 9, when the third distribution information of the 5 ions in the ion trapping module is mapped to the second distribution information (that is, one-dimensional equidistant) required by the detection module, determine the position of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 902 For the target deflection angle, the control module controls each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array 902 to rotate to the target deflection angle through a control signal. Under the action of the probe light, the five ions respectively emit fluorescence (that is, fluorescence 1 to 5), and after passing through the MEMS mirror array 902 at the target deflection angle, five image points in one-dimensional equidistant distribution are formed. The fluorescence corresponding to the three image points is coupled into the corresponding optical fiber, specifically, the fluorescence 1 is coupled into the optical fiber 3, the fluorescence 2 is coupled into the optical fiber 4, and the fluorescence 3 is coupled into the optical fiber 5; further, the optical fiber 3 totally reflects the fluorescence 1 to the channel 3, The optical fiber 4 totally reflects the fluorescent light 2 to the channel 4 , and the optical fiber 5 totally reflects the fluorescent light 3 to the channel 5 . Fluorescent light 4 and fluorescent light 5 corresponding to the image points propagate to a column in the pixel array. It should be noted that the selection of the three optical fibers and the corresponding channels can be flexibly determined according to the actual propagation path of the fluorescent light, which is not limited in this application.

It can be understood that after the ion trap system is built, the ion trap system needs to be initialized first. Taking the parameter initialization of the spatial light control module as an example, and taking the spatial light control module as an example of a MEMS mirror array, it is necessary to determine the initial deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array during the initialization process. The specific process is as follows: after the MEMS mirror array is randomly placed at a deflection angle, the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array is continuously adjusted to change the transmission direction of the light beam corresponding to the MEMS mirror pair, and Scan the Rabi oscillation of the ions corresponding to the beam, and the relationship between the Rabi intensity and the coordinates of the beam can be obtained as shown in Figure 2a above. When the position of the beam is completely aligned with the corresponding ion, the measured The Rabi intensity Ω is the largest, and it is determined that the deflection angle of the MEMS mirror at this time is the initial deflection angle. It can also be understood that after the initialization of the ion trap system is completed, each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array in the ion trap system is at a corresponding initialization deflection angle. It should be noted that, the process of determining the initial deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the first MEMS mirror array may be iterative automatic calibration and adjustment through a software program.

Based on the above content and the same idea, the present application provides an imaging method of an ion trap system, please refer to the introduction of FIG. 10 . The imaging method can be applied to the ion trap system shown in any one of the embodiments in FIG. 3 to FIG. 9 above. It can also be understood that the imaging method can be implemented based on the ion trap system shown in any one of the above-mentioned embodiments in FIG. 3 to FIG. 9 .

As shown in FIG. 10 , it is a schematic flowchart of an imaging method provided in the present application. The imaging method includes the following steps:

Step 1001, the control module obtains third distribution information of N ions trapped by the ion trapping module.

In a possible implementation manner, the photographing device may slowly collect raw image information of N ions in the ion trapping module, where the raw image information includes third distribution information of the N ions. Exemplarily, the photographing device may include, but not limited to, a camera, a camera, and other devices capable of photographing images.

Step 1002, the control module obtains the second distribution information required by the detection module.

In a possible implementation manner, the second distribution information of the detection modules may be pre-stored. For example, it may be stored in the control module, or may also be stored in a memory callable by the control module, which is not limited in the present application.

It should be noted that there is no sequence between the above step 1001 and step 1002, and step 1001 can be performed first and then step 1002 can be performed, or step 1002 can be performed first and then step 1001 can be performed, or step 1001 and step 1002 can also be performed synchronously.

Step 1003, the control module controls the spatial light regulation module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescent light emitted by the N ions according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information.

In a possible implementation manner, the control module determines the parameters of the spatial light regulation module when the third distribution information is to be mapped to the second distribution information. Specifically, taking the spatial light control module as an example of a MEMS mirror array, the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array can be determined when the third distribution information is to be mapped to the second distribution information. Further, the control module can generate a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror, and send the control signal to the MEMS mirror array. Correspondingly, the MEMS mirror array regulates the deflection angle of the first MEMS mirror according to the control signal.

It should be understood that the control signal may indicate the regulation of all MEMS mirrors in the MEMS mirror array, or may also indicate the regulation of some MEMS mirrors in the MEMS mirror array, and the MEMS mirrors that need to be regulated may be collectively referred to as the first MEMS mirror .

For the specific process of regulating the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions by the spatial light regulation module, please refer to the above-mentioned related descriptions, which will not be repeated here.

Step 1004, the control module controls the detection module to collect the regulated N beams of fluorescence.

Wherein, the first distribution information of image points corresponding to the regulated N beams of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of image points required by the detection module. Further, the quantum state information of N ions can be determined according to the regulated N beams of fluorescence.

In a possible implementation, the control module can inversely transform the first distribution information into the fourth distribution information according to the mapping relationship between the third distribution information of the trapped ions in the ion trapping module and the second distribution information required by the detection module If the fourth distribution information is consistent with the third distribution information, it means that the parameters of the spatial light regulation module are relatively accurate; if not, the control module can also control and optimize the parameters of the spatial light regulation module. For example, the parameters of the spatial light control module can be adjusted up or down according to preset rules. Taking the spatial light control module as an example of a MEMS mirror array, the parameter of the spatial light control module is the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array.

The principle of optimization is to maximize the photons irradiated by each ion can enter the mapped detector, and at the same time cause the least crosstalk to other detectors around.

In the operation process, after the light field radiated by multiple ions reaches the light field control device, the control device makes a certain transformation, thereby changing the path of the light field radiated by the ions, and the transformation makes the light field of the ions finally reach the image point according to the setting acquisition device.

Based on the above content and the same idea, FIG. 11 is a schematic structural diagram of a possible control device provided by the present application. These control devices can be used to implement the method shown in FIG. 10 in the above method embodiment, so the beneficial effects of the above method embodiment can also be realized. In the present application, the control device may be the control module in the above-mentioned ion trap system, or may be other independent control devices (such as chips).

As shown in FIG. 11 , the control device 1100 includes a processing module 1101 , and further, optionally, may also include a transceiver module 1102 . The control device 1100 is used to implement the method in the above method embodiment shown in FIG. 10 .

When the control device 1100 is used to implement the method of the method embodiment shown in FIG. 10: the processing module 1101 determines the third distribution information of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module, and the first image point required by the detection module Two distribution information; according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, control the spatial light regulation module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions, the regulation The final N beams of fluorescence propagate to the detection module, and the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the regulated N beams of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; the detection module is controlled to collect all The regulated N beams of fluorescence are used for the quantum state information of the N ions.

In a possible implementation, the spatial light control module includes a MEMS mirror array; the processing module 1101 can determine the MEMS mirror array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector, and generate a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS reflector, the control signal is used to regulate the deflection angle of at least one MEMS reflector in the MEMS reflector array, to Changing the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescent light; the transceiver module 1102 is configured to send the control signal to the MEMS mirror array.

It should be understood that the processing module 1101 in the embodiment of the present application may be implemented by a processor or processor-related circuit components, and the transceiver module 1102 may be implemented by an interface circuit and other related circuit components.

Based on the above content and the same idea, the present application provides a chip. The chip may include a processor and an interface circuit. Further, optionally, the chip may also include a memory, and the processor is used to execute computer programs or instructions stored in the memory, so that the chip performs any of the above-mentioned possible implementations in FIG. 10. method.

The method steps in the embodiments of the present application may be implemented by means of hardware, or may be implemented by means of a processor executing software instructions. The software instructions can be composed of corresponding software modules, and the software modules can be stored in random access memory (random access memory, RAM), flash memory, read-only memory (read-only memory, ROM), programmable read-only memory (programmable ROM) , PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (erasable PROM, EPROM), electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (electrically EPROM, EEPROM), register, hard disk, mobile hard disk, CD-ROM or known in the art any other form of storage medium. An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such the processor can read information from, and write information to, the storage medium. Of course, the storage medium may also be a component of the processor. The processor and storage medium can be located in the ASIC. Alternatively, the ASIC may be located in the ion trap system. Of course, the processor and storage medium can also exist as discrete components in the ion trap system.

In each embodiment of the present application, if there is no special explanation and logical conflict, the terms and/or descriptions between different embodiments are consistent and can be referred to each other, and the technical features in different embodiments are based on their inherent Logical relationships can be combined to form new embodiments.

In this application, "uniform" does not refer to absolute uniformity, and certain engineering errors may be allowed. "Vertical" does not refer to absolute verticality, and certain engineering errors are allowed. "At least one" means one or more, and "plurality" means two or more. "And/or" describes the association relationship of associated objects, indicating that there may be three types of relationships, for example, A and/or B, which can mean: A exists alone, A and B exist at the same time, and B exists alone, where A, B can be singular or plural. "At least one of the following" or similar expressions refer to any combination of these items, including any combination of single or plural items. For example, at least one item (piece) of a, b or c can mean: a, b, c, "a and b", "a and c", "b and c", or "a and b and c ", where a, b, c can be single or multiple. In the text description of this application, the character "/" generally indicates that the contextual objects are an "or" relationship. In the formulas of this application, the character "/" indicates that the front and back related objects are in a "division" relationship. Additionally, in this application, the word "exemplarily" is used to mean an example, illustration or illustration. Any embodiment or design described herein as "example" is not to be construed as preferred or advantageous over other embodiments or designs. Or it can be understood that the use of the word example is intended to present a concept in a specific manner, and does not constitute a limitation to the application.

It can be understood that the various numbers involved in the present application are only for convenience of description, and are not used to limit the scope of the embodiments of the present application. The size of the serial numbers of the above-mentioned processes does not mean the order of execution, and the execution order of each process should be determined by its functions and internal logic. The terms "first", "second" and similar expressions are used to distinguish similar objects, and are not necessarily used to describe a specific order or sequence. Furthermore, the terms "comprising" and "having", as well as any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, for example, of a sequence of steps or elements. A method, system, product or device is not necessarily limited to those steps or elements explicitly listed, but may include other steps or elements not explicitly listed or inherent to the process, method, product or device.

Although the application has been described in conjunction with specific features and embodiments thereof, it will be apparent that various modifications and combinations can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the application. Accordingly, the specification and drawings are merely illustrative of the solutions defined by the appended claims, and are deemed to cover any and all modifications, changes, combinations or equivalents within the scope of the application.

Obviously, those skilled in the art can make various changes and modifications to this application without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention. In this way, if the modifications and variations of the embodiments of the present application fall within the scope of the claims of the present application and their equivalent technologies, the present application is also intended to include these modifications and variations.

Claims (10)

1. An ion trap system, characterized in that it comprises an ion trapping module, a spatial light regulation module and a detection module; The ion trapping module is used to trap N ions, the ions are used to emit fluorescence, and the N is an integer greater than 1; The spatial light regulation module is used to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence from the ion trapping module, and propagate the regulated N beams of fluorescence to the detection module, and the regulated N The first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the beam fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; The detection module is configured to convert the received N beams of fluorescence into electrical signals, and the electrical signals are used to determine the quantum state information of the N ions. 2 . The system according to claim 1 , wherein the second distribution information includes the positions of the image points required by the detection modules and the distance between the image points required by two adjacent detection modules. 3 . 3. The system according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the image points required by the detection modules are distributed in one dimension, and the intervals between the image points required by any two adjacent detection modules are the same. 4. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the N ions in the ion trapping module correspond to third distribution information, and the third distribution information includes the N ions position, and the interval between two adjacent ions among the N ions; The ion trap system also includes a control module for: According to the mapping relationship between the third distribution information and the second distribution information, determine the propagation direction of each fluorescent beam in the N fluorescent beams; generating a control signal according to the propagation direction of each of the N beams of fluorescence, the control signal being used to control and regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence; Send the control signal to the spatial light regulation module. 5. The system according to claim 4, wherein the N ions are distributed in different regions, and the intervals between ions in different regions are different. 6. The system according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spatial light control module comprises a MEMS mirror array; The MEMS mirror array is used to adjust the deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the received control signal. 7. The system according to any one of claims 1-6, wherein the detection module includes any one or a combination of any of the following: M optical fibers and corresponding detectors, the corresponding detectors include any of the first photomultiplier tubes PMTs of P channels, the H second PMTs, or the single photon detectors SNSPD of K superconducting nanowires One or any combination, the M, P, H and K are all positive integers; or, pixel array. 8. The system according to claim 7, wherein the detection module comprises the M optical fibers and corresponding detectors, and the pixel array; The spatial light control module is used to control the propagation direction of each of the N fluorescent beams, and couple _n1 fluorescent beams of the adjusted N fluorescent beams into the corresponding n beams of the M optical fibers. ₁ optical fiber, propagating n ₂ beams of the regulated N beams of fluorescence to the pixel array, and the sum of n ₁ and n ₂ is equal to the N; The optical fiber is used to transmit the coupled fluorescent light to the corresponding detector. 9. An imaging method, characterized in that it is applied to an ion trap system, and the ion trap system includes an ion trapping module, a spatial light regulation module and a detection module, and the method includes: Determine the third distribution information of the N ions trapped by the ion trapping module, and the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; According to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, the spatial light control module is controlled to control the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions, and the adjusted N beams The fluorescence propagates to the detection module, and the first distribution information of the image points corresponding to the regulated N beams of fluorescence is the same as the second distribution information of the image points required by the detection module; The detection module is controlled to collect the regulated N beams of fluorescence, and the regulated N beams of fluorescence are used for quantum state information of the N ions. 10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the spatial light control module comprises a MEMS mirror array; According to the third distribution information and the second distribution information, controlling the spatial light regulation module to regulate the propagation direction of at least one of the N beams of fluorescence emitted by the N ions includes: determining the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array according to the third distribution information and the second distribution information; Generate a control signal according to the deflection angle of each MEMS mirror, and the control signal is used to regulate the deflection angle of at least one MEMS mirror in the MEMS mirror array; sending the control signal to the MEMS mirror array.

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