CN116183465A - Mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device and method - Google Patents
Mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device and method Download PDFInfo
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- G09B—EDUCATIONAL OR DEMONSTRATION APPLIANCES; APPLIANCES FOR TEACHING, OR COMMUNICATING WITH, THE BLIND, DEAF OR MUTE; MODELS; PLANETARIA; GLOBES; MAPS; DIAGRAMS
- G09B23/00—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes
- G09B23/40—Models for scientific, medical, or mathematical purposes, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes for geology
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/0806—Details, e.g. sample holders, mounting samples for testing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N15/00—Investigating characteristics of particles; Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface-area of porous materials
- G01N15/08—Investigating permeability, pore-volume, or surface area of porous materials
- G01N15/082—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample
- G01N15/0826—Investigating permeability by forcing a fluid through a sample and measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. permeation rate or pressure change
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/30—Assessment of water resources
Abstract
The application provides a mine water permeability simulation experiment device and a method, which relate to the field of mine water permeability evolution process simulation, wherein the system comprises a coal mine physical simulation module, an overburden loading module, a bottom plate water pressure loading module, a water source control module, a water flow speed monitoring module, a pressure monitoring module and an experiment data acquisition module, wherein the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating a rock stratum; the overburden loading module is used for generating pressure for the coal mine physical simulation module; the bottom plate water pressure loading module is used for relatively generating pressure to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value; the design can carry out water permeability simulation on the mine through the physical device, and can establish an experimental method based on the mine water permeability simulation experimental device, which has important significance for exploring the mine water permeability influence factors and mechanisms. Therefore, various damage problems can be intuitively and vividly simulated by means of the similarity simulation test.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of mine water permeability evolution process simulation, in particular to a mine water permeability simulation experiment device and method.
Background
In the existing technology, most of researches on the mine water permeability process depend on theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. However, theoretical analysis and numerical modeling lack critical parameters, both based on a certain theoretical framework or on certain assumptions, are relatively abstract, and cannot replace the role of experiments. In terms of the reliability of the results of numerical simulations and physical experiments: in the simulation analysis process, the numerical simulation method is often simplified in terms of boundary conditions and material properties, so that analysis results are affected, the structure discretization forms are different, the obtained results and precision are different, the randomness is high, and the reliability is reduced. Due to the limitations of the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, the mine water permeability problem cannot be comprehensively analyzed and researched.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides a mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device and method, which can accurately simulate the mine water permeability condition.
The embodiment of the application provides a mine simulation modeling experiment device that permeates water, includes:
the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating rock strata;
the overburden loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and used for generating pressure on the coal mine physical simulation module;
the bottom plate water pressure loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for generating pressure relative to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value;
the water source control module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module and controlling the water quantity and the water delivery pressure when delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module;
the water flow speed monitoring module is arranged at the side of the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for detecting the water flow speed in the coal mine physical simulation module;
the pressure monitoring module is arranged on the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for monitoring the pressure change of the coal mine physical simulation module;
and the experimental data acquisition module is connected with the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module and is used for acquiring data monitored by the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module.
In the mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device that this application provided, colliery physics simulation module includes top stratum, whitewashed sandstone layer, limestone layer, sandy mudstone, coal seam, bottom rock layer, lava water layer, toughened glass and the pressure device of setting in both sides, top stratum the whitewashed sandstone layer lime layer sandy mudstone coal seam the bottom rock layer the lava water layer is overlapped from top to bottom in proper order, toughened glass sets up the both sides at the stratum.
In the mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device provided by the application, the overburden loading module comprises a load object with set mass, and the load object is arranged at the top of the coal mine physical simulation module.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device that this application provided, bottom plate water pressure loading module includes: lifting mechanism, first pressure controller, steel sheet, be connected with on the lifting mechanism the steel sheet, parallel placement is in bottom plate department, lifting mechanism with first pressure controller electricity is connected, first pressure controller can be adjusted lifting mechanism's output pressure size, lifting mechanism can with real-time pressure gives first pressure controller.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device that this application provided, the water source control module includes: the water pump is connected with the water bag, the water pump is electrically connected with the water flow control console, and the water flow control console can control the flow of the water pump.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device that this application provided, the rivers speed monitoring module includes: the device comprises a double-pulse laser, a cylindrical mirror, trace particles, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, an image collector and an image analyzer, wherein the CCD camera is connected with the image collector, the image collector is connected with the image analyzer, the trace particles are scattered in water flow, the cylindrical mirror is arranged below the double-pulse laser, the double-pulse laser can form an area to be detected in the water flow through the cylindrical mirror, and the CCD camera is used for shooting the trace particles in the water flow.
The application also provides a mine water permeability simulation experiment method based on the mine water permeability simulation experiment device, which comprises the following steps:
obtaining the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel when the simulated experiment system permeates water, and multiplying the water flow speed by the sectional area of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the water permeation quantity of the simulated mine tunnel;
obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine tunnel and the similarity simulation experiment device;
according to the geometric similarity ratio, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel and the water permeability of the simulated mine tunnel, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel are calculated.
In the mine water permeability similar simulation experiment method provided by the application, the calculation obtains the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel, and the method comprises the following steps:
multiplying the water flow spreading time of the simulated mine tunnel by one half of a time scale to obtain the water flow spreading time of the actual mine tunnel;
according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel, calculating the water flow speed of the actual mine tunnel;
multiplying the simulated mine tunnel water permeability by the fifth half of the geometric similarity ratio to obtain the actual mine tunnel water permeability;
calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the rock stratum gravity of the actual mine tunnel;
calculating the geometric similarity ratio and the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel;
and calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the energy loss of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the energy loss of the actual mine tunnel.
In the method for simulating the mine water permeability similarity, the step of obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine roadway to the simulation experiment device comprises the following steps:
the width of the actual mine tunnel is A, the height is H, the length is L, the width of the simulated mine tunnel is a, the height is H, and the length is L, and the geometric similarity scale is the same as the width of the simulated mine tunnel
。
In the simulation experiment method for mine water permeability similarity provided by the application, the calculating of the water flow speed of the actual mine tunnel according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel comprises the following steps:
after twice exposure by a CCD camera, two adjacent images are obtained, m (x 1, y 1) is set as the tracer particle on one image, and n (x 2, y 2) is set as the tracer particle on the other image;
processing the two images respectively through an image analyzer, wherein the method for processing the images comprises the following steps: setting the exposure time difference of the two images as
t1-t2, and further obtaining the average speed vm of the simulated mine tunnel trace particles according to the following formula;
the actual mine tunnel water penetration flow speed vp is calculated by the following formula,
The application provides a mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device which mainly comprises a coal mine physical simulation module, an overburden loading module, a bottom plate water pressure loading module, a water source control module, a water flow speed monitoring module, a pressure monitoring module and an experiment data acquisition module, wherein the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating a strata; the overburden loading module is used for generating pressure for the coal mine physical simulation module; the bottom plate water pressure loading module is used for relatively generating pressure to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value; the water source control module is used for delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module and controlling the water quantity and the water delivery pressure when delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module; the water flow speed monitoring module is used for detecting the water flow speed in the coal mine physical simulation module; the pressure monitoring module is used for monitoring the pressure change of the coal mine physical simulation module; and the experimental data acquisition module is used for acquiring the data monitored by the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module. The design can carry out water permeability simulation on the mine through the physical device, and can establish an experimental method based on the mine water permeability simulation experimental device, which has important significance for exploring the mine water permeability influence factors and mechanisms. Therefore, various damage problems can be intuitively and vividly simulated by means of the similarity simulation test.
It is to be understood that both the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the application.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, the drawings needed in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are some embodiments of the present application, and other drawings may be obtained according to these drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a diagram of a mine water permeability simulation experiment device provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 2 is a graph of simulated formation distribution of coal mine physics provided in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of water flow rate monitoring according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 4 is a flowchart of an image analyzer process provided in an embodiment of the present application;
fig. 5 is a schematic flow chart of a mine water permeability simulation experiment method according to an embodiment of the application.
Main elements and symbol description:
1a, coal mine distribution positions; 2b, toughened glass; 3c, two-side pressurizing facilities; 4d, overburden pressurization facilities; 5e, a first pressure controller; 6f, a first pressure monitor; 7g, a second pressure controller; 8h, a pressure sensing wire; 9i, steel plate; 10j, a water pump; 11k, water bag; 12l, a water flow control console; 13m, a second pressure monitor; 14n, a multi-way data collector; 15o, data processor; 16p, computer; 17r, top formation; 18s, siltstone layer; 19t, lime strata; 20u, sandstone layer; 21v, coal seam; 22w, bottom formation; 23x, water bag; 24y, CCD camera; 25A, a double pulse laser; 26B, cylindrical mirrors; 27C, tracer particles; 28D, an image collector; 29E, image analyzer.
Detailed Description
The following description of the embodiments of the present application will be made clearly and fully with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which it is evident that the embodiments described are some, but not all, of the embodiments of the present application. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden from the present disclosure, are within the scope of the present disclosure.
Some embodiments of the present application are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments and features of the embodiments may be combined with each other without conflict.
It is to be understood that the terminology used in the description of the present application is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the application. As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms "a," "an," and "the" are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.
It should be understood that, in order to clearly describe the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application, in the embodiments of the present application, the words "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish the same item or similar items having substantially the same function and effect. For example, the first groove and the second groove are merely for distinguishing between different grooves, and are not limited in order. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the words "first," "second," and the like do not limit the amount and order of execution, and that the words "first," "second," and the like do not necessarily differ.
It should be further understood that the term "and/or" as used in this specification and the appended claims refers to any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, and includes such combinations.
The application provides a mine water permeability simulation experiment device and a method, wherein the mine water permeability simulation experiment device comprises a coal mine physical simulation module, an overburden loading module, a bottom plate water pressure loading module, a water source control module, a water flow speed monitoring module, a pressure monitoring module and an experiment data acquisition module, wherein the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating a rock stratum; the overburden loading module is used for generating pressure for the coal mine physical simulation module; the bottom plate water pressure loading module is used for relatively generating pressure to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value; the water source control module is used for delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module and controlling the water quantity and the water delivery pressure when delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module; the water flow speed monitoring module is used for detecting the water flow speed in the coal mine physical simulation module; the pressure monitoring module is used for monitoring the pressure change of the coal mine physical simulation module; the experimental data acquisition module is used for acquiring the data monitored by the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module. The design can carry out the water permeation simulation on the mine through the physical device, an experimental method based on the mine water permeation simulation experimental device can be established, the water permeation flow speed, the water permeation spreading time, the flow quantity, the bottom plate pressure, the gravity of each rock stratum, the bottom plate pressure, the energy loss and the like in the model can be determined through the monitoring module, and then the corresponding key parameters of the real mine such as the water permeation flow speed, the water permeation spreading time, the flow quantity, the bottom plate pressure, the gravity of each rock stratum, the bottom plate pressure, the energy loss and the like can be known according to the similar principle, so that the design has important significance for the research of the key parameters when the mine permeates water.
Referring to fig. 1-4, embodiments of the present application provide a mine water penetration simulation experiment apparatus, comprising:
the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating rock strata;
the overburden loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and used for generating pressure on the coal mine physical simulation module;
the bottom plate water pressure loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for generating pressure relative to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value;
the water source control module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module and controlling the water quantity and the water delivery pressure when delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module;
the water flow speed monitoring module is arranged at the side of the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for detecting the water flow speed in the coal mine physical simulation module;
the pressure monitoring module is arranged on the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for monitoring the pressure change of the coal mine physical simulation module;
and the experimental data acquisition module is connected with the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module and is used for acquiring data monitored by the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module.
According to the scheme, the mine can be subjected to water permeation simulation through the physical device, and an experimental method based on the mine water permeation simulation experimental device can be established. Parameters such as the water flow speed, the flow rate, the water permeation spreading time, the bottom plate pressure and the like of an actual roadway can be determined through a similar principle, and a means for acquiring multi-element information is provided for the water permeation condition of a mine.
In some embodiments, the coal mine physical simulation module comprises a top rock layer, a silty sandstone layer, a lime rock layer, a sandstone mudstone, a coal layer, a bottom rock layer, a lava water layer, toughened glass and pressurizing devices arranged on two sides, wherein the top rock layer, the silty sandstone layer, the lime rock layer, the sandstone mudstone, the coal layer, the bottom rock layer and the lava water layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and the toughened glass is arranged on two sides of the rock layer.
In the embodiment, each rock stratum adopts a mixture of small stones, fine sand, lime and gypsum in different proportions as a simulated rock stratum, and transparent toughened glass with scales is arranged on two sides of the simulated physical experiment device, so that whether the simulated mine tunnel is permeable and the permeable position can be clearly seen. The pressurizing facilities on two sides are arranged on two sides of the simulation physical experiment device and are used for simulating the pressure of two sides in an actual mine roadway to the roadway. The distribution diagram of the coal mine physical simulation rock stratum is shown in fig. 2.
In some embodiments, the overburden loading module includes a weight object that is configured to have a set mass and that is positioned at a load bearing location of the coal mine physical simulation module. In this application, the load bearing location may be the top of the coal mine physical simulation module.
The overburden loading module simulates overburden pressure using a 260kg load object and the load is placed directly on the top formation.
In some embodiments, the floor water pressure loading module comprises: lifting mechanism, first pressure controller, steel sheet, be connected with on the lifting mechanism the steel sheet, parallel placement is in bottom plate department, lifting mechanism with first pressure controller electricity is connected, first pressure controller can be adjusted lifting mechanism's output pressure size, lifting mechanism can with real-time pressure gives first pressure controller.
The lifting mechanism may be a jack.
The base plate water pressure loading module further comprises: a pressure sensing line; the bottom plate water pressure loading module is replaced by 24 specific pressure lifting mechanisms, each 3 specific pressure lifting mechanisms are set to be one group, 8 groups are arranged in total, a steel plate is welded on the upper edge of each group, and each two groups are placed at the bottom plate in parallel. The pressure lifting mechanism transmits real-time pressure to the first pressure controller through the pressure sensing wire, and meanwhile, the first pressure controller adjusts the output pressure of the special pressure lifting mechanism through the pressure sensing wire.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device that this application provided, the water source control module includes: the water pump is connected with the water bag, the water pump is electrically connected with the water flow control console, and the water flow control console can control the flow of the water pump.
A water bag is arranged in a water layer below the bottom plate rock to simulate a bottom plate water source, the water pump is connected with the water bag through a water pipe, and the water pump is connected with the water flow control console through a connecting line. The water permeability of the water source of the bottom plate can be controlled through the water flow control console, and the pressure intensity during water permeability is controlled.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device that this application provided, the rivers speed monitoring module includes: the device comprises a double-pulse laser, a cylindrical mirror, trace particles, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, an image collector and an image analyzer, wherein the CCD camera is connected with the image collector, the image collector is connected with the image analyzer, the trace particles are scattered in water flow, the cylindrical mirror is arranged below the double-pulse laser, the double-pulse laser can form an area to be detected in the water flow through the cylindrical mirror, and the CCD camera is used for shooting the trace particles in the water flow.
The CCD (Charge Coupled Device-CCD) camera is a semiconductor imaging device, so that the CCD camera has the advantages of high sensitivity, strong light resistance, small distortion, small volume, long service life, vibration resistance and the like, and can be directly purchased in the market.
The water flow speed monitoring module comprises: the system comprises a double pulse laser, a cylindrical mirror, trace particles, a CCD camera, an image collector, an image analyzer and a computer. The water flow speed monitoring module of the invention is shown in fig. 3. The trace particles are uniformly dispersed in the water flow; the cylindrical mirror is arranged below the double-pulse laser, and the double-pulse laser can form a large-scale area to be tested in water flow through the cylindrical mirror; the CCD camera is arranged at the left side of the mine tunnel and used for shooting trace particles in water flow, the CCD camera is connected with the image collector, the image collector is connected with the image analyzer, the image analyzer transmits the analyzed image to the data collector, and the analyzed image is transmitted to the computer and the result is output.
In the mine water permeability analog simulation experiment device provided by the application, the pressure monitoring module comprises a first pressure monitor for monitoring the pressure change of the bottom plate rock stratum before and after water permeability.
The pressure monitoring module includes: 12 first pressure monitors were placed in the floor rock layer, 2 symmetrically distributed, 6 each discharged. The pressure change of the bottom plate rock stratum before and after water permeation in the physical experiment device can be known through the first pressure monitor, and then the pressure change of the bottom plate rock stratum before and after water permeation of a real mine can be obtained according to a similar principle.
In the mine water permeability similar simulation experiment device that this application provided, experimental data acquisition module includes multichannel data collector, multichannel data collector respectively with bottom plate water pressure loading module the water source control module the water flow speed monitoring module electricity is connected, water pressure loading module the water source control module the water flow speed monitoring module is with the data transmission who gathers for multichannel data collector.
The experimental data acquisition module comprises: a multipath data collector, a data processor and a computer; the multipath data collector is respectively connected with the second pressure controller, the water flow control console and the image analyzer. The second pressure controller, the water flow control console and the image analyzer transmit the collected data to the multi-path data collector. The multi-path data collector transmits the collected data to the data processor, the data processor transmits the processed data to the computer, and finally the computer calculates the result.
Referring to fig. 5, the application further provides a mine water permeability simulation experiment method based on the mine water permeability simulation experiment device, wherein the mine water permeability simulation experiment method comprises the following steps:
s10, acquiring the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel when the simulated experiment system permeates water, and multiplying the water flow speed by the sectional area of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the water permeation quantity of the simulated mine tunnel.
In the embodiment, the water flow spreading time of the mine tunnel is simulated to pass through an operatorThe operator observes whether the simulated roadway is permeable, and when permeable, the timer records the time t taken for water to flow through each position m 。
In the embodiment, the width of an actual mine tunnel is A, the height is H, the length is L, the width of a similar simulation experiment device is a, the height is H, and the length is L; geometric similarity ratio
The calculation is performed according to formula (1):
the simulated mine tunnel water flow speed is obtained through the following steps, and two adjacent images a and b are obtained after the simulated mine tunnel water flow speed is subjected to double exposure by the CCD camera. And taking the lower left corner point of the image as an origin O (0, 0), and respectively establishing rectangular coordinate systems for an x axis and a y axis on two sides. Let m (x 1, y 1) be the tracer particle on image a and n (x 2, y 2) be the tracer particle on image b.
The image analyzer processes the images a, b, the process flow of which is shown in fig. 4. And setting the difference of the exposure time of the two images as t1-t2, wherein t1 is the exposure time of the first image, and t2 is the exposure time of the second image, so as to calculate the average speed vm of the trace particles of the simulated mine tunnel according to the formula (3).
The mine tunnel water permeates and flows uniformly according to the open channel, and the flow is mainly based on gravity. According to the set geometric similarity ratio, the relationship between the geometric similarity ratio and the flow velocity ratio is obtained as formula (4):
（4）。
the rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine roadway can be measured when the simulated mine device is built.
The pressure to which the floor strata of the simulated mine roadway is subjected is obtained by a first pressure monitor arranged in the simulated mine floor strata.
The energy loss of the simulated mine tunnel can be known through the monitored water flow speed and the water flow loss coefficient when the simulated mine tunnel is permeable.
S20, obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine tunnel and the simulation experiment device.
In the embodiment, the width of an actual mine tunnel is A, the height is H, the length is L, the width of a similar simulation experiment device is a, the height is H, and the length is L; geometric similarity ratio
The calculation is performed according to formula (1):
s30, calculating to obtain the actual water flow spreading time, water flow speed, rock stratum gravity, pressure and energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum and the actual water penetration of the mine tunnel according to the geometric similarity ratio, the water flow spreading time, water flow speed, rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine tunnel, the pressure and energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum and the water penetration of the simulated mine tunnel.
In this embodiment, the calculation obtains the current spreading time, the current speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel, and includes:
multiplying the water flow spreading time of the simulated mine tunnel by one half of a time scale to obtain the water flow spreading time of the actual mine tunnel;
according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel, calculating the water flow speed of the actual mine tunnel;
multiplying the simulated mine tunnel water permeability by the fifth half of the geometric similarity ratio to obtain the actual mine tunnel water permeability;
calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the rock stratum gravity of the actual mine tunnel;
calculating the geometric similarity ratio and the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel;
and calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the energy loss of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the energy loss of the actual mine tunnel.
Specifically, the width of an actual mine tunnel is set to be A, the height is set to be H, the length is set to be L, the width of a similar simulation experiment device is set to be a, the height is set to be H, and the length is set to be L; geometric similarity ratio
The calculation is performed according to formula (1):
the time for water flow to flow through each position when water permeation occurs in the actual roadway is taken as the time for simulating the spreading time of water flow in the mine roadway multiplied by the square of the time scale. According to the formula (2), the time for water flow to flow through each position when water permeation occurs in the actual roadway can be calculated.
In the method, in the process of the invention,
the time for water flow to flow through each position when water permeation occurs in an actual roadway; t is t m The method is used for simulating the spreading time of the mine tunnel water flow; is a time scale. The calculation of the simulated mine tunnel water flow spreading time tm is to observe whether the simulated mine tunnel is permeable or not according to operators, and when the simulated mine tunnel is permeable, a timer is used for recording the time tm used when water flows through each position.
The calculation of the actual mine tunnel water penetration flow speed comprises the steps a-d.
And a step a, obtaining two adjacent images a and b after the CCD camera is subjected to double exposure. And taking the lower left corner point of the image as an origin O (0, 0), and respectively establishing rectangular coordinate systems for an x axis and a y axis on two sides. Let m (x 1, y 1) be the tracer particle on image a and n (x 2, y 2) be the tracer particle on image b.
And b, processing the images a and b by an image analyzer, wherein the processing flow is shown in fig. 4. Let the exposure time difference of two images be
And t1-t2, and further calculating the average speed vm of the simulated mine tunnel tracer particles according to the formula (3). />
And c, uniformly flowing the mine tunnel water according to the open channel, wherein the flowing of the mine tunnel water is mainly based on gravity. According to the set geometric similarity ratio, the relationship between the geometric similarity ratio and the flow velocity ratio is obtained as formula (4):
step d, calculating the actual mine tunnel permeable water flow speed vp according to the formula (5):
and multiplying the water permeable flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel by the sectional area of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the water permeable quantity of the simulated mine tunnel. Simulation of mine tunnel water penetration
The calculation can be performed according to formula (6):
according to the simulated mine tunnel water permeability
The fifth power of the geometric similarity ratio is multiplied as the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel. Water permeability of actual mine tunnel>
Calculation is performed according to formula (7):
calculating the gravity of each rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel according to a formula (8)
：/>
（8）
Wherein n is the width of the simulated mine rock stratum; hi is the thickness of each formation of the simulated mine; l is the length of the simulated formation;
to simulate the volume weight of each formation of the mine. Wherein (1)>
The measurement can be performed while the simulated mine device is being built.
When the mine is permeable, the pressure in the floor stratum can also change, so that the pressure change of the floor stratum when the actual mine is permeable can be known by monitoring the pressure in the floor stratum of the simulated mine. In an embodiment of the present invention, the pressure F in the actual floor strata is calculated according to equation (9):
where f is the pressure in the simulated mine roadway floor strata. Wherein f may be obtained by a first pressure monitor disposed in the simulated mine floor formation.
When the mine tunnel is permeable, the head blocking loss and friction in the mine tunnel are also key parameters, and the energy loss of the actual mine tunnel when permeable can be known through the monitored water flow speed, water flow loss coefficient and geometric similarity ratio. Calculating the actual mine roadway energy loss according to the formula (10):
in the formula, h p The energy loss of the actual mine tunnel is;
the water flow loss coefficient can be obtained through experiments; g 9.8m/s 2 。
In some embodiments, the calculating obtains a water flow spreading time, a water flow speed, a rock stratum gravity, a pressure and an energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and a water penetration amount of the actual mine tunnel, and the calculating comprises:
multiplying the water flow spreading time of the simulated mine tunnel by one half of a time scale to obtain the water flow spreading time of the actual mine tunnel;
according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel, calculating the water flow speed of the actual mine tunnel;
multiplying the simulated mine tunnel water permeability by the fifth half of the geometric similarity ratio to obtain the actual mine tunnel water permeability;
calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the rock stratum gravity of the actual mine tunnel;
calculating the geometric similarity ratio and the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel;
and calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the energy loss of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the energy loss of the actual mine tunnel.
In some embodiments, the obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine roadway to the simulation experiment device comprises:
the width of the actual mine tunnel is A, the height is H, the length is L, the width of the simulated mine tunnel is a, the height is H, and the length is L, and the geometric similarity scale is the same as the width of the simulated mine tunnel
。
In some embodiments, the calculating the water flow velocity of the actual mine tunnel from the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow velocity of the simulated mine tunnel comprises:
after twice exposure by a CCD camera, two adjacent images are obtained, m (x 1, y 1) is set as the tracer particle on one image, and n (x 2, y 2) is set as the tracer particle on the other image;
processing the two images respectively through an image analyzer, wherein the method for processing the images comprises the following steps: setting the exposure time difference of the two images as
t1-t2, and further obtaining the average speed vm of the simulated mine tunnel trace particles according to the following formula;
In the mine water permeability similar simulation experiment method provided by the application, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel when the simulated experiment system is permeable are obtained, and the water flow speed is multiplied by the sectional area of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the water permeability of the simulated mine tunnel; obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine tunnel and the similarity simulation experiment device; according to the geometric similarity ratio, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel and the water permeability of the simulated mine tunnel, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel are calculated. By the method, various monitor hardware facilities are arranged in the physical device model, the flow speed of mine water flow, the water flow and the bottom plate pressure can be monitored, and further the corresponding parameters in the real mine tunnel can be known by the calculation method, so that an effective method is provided for acquiring the parameters through water permeability of the floor of the mine tunnel. The water permeability of the mine tunnel bottom plate is simulated, so that the water permeability of the mine tunnel bottom plate can be truly reflected.
While the invention has been described with reference to certain preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and substitutions of equivalents may be made and equivalents will be apparent to those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application shall be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (10)
1. The mine water permeability simulation experiment device is characterized by comprising:
the coal mine physical simulation module is used for simulating rock strata;
the overburden loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and used for generating pressure on the coal mine physical simulation module;
the bottom plate water pressure loading module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for generating pressure relative to the coal mine physical simulation module and transmitting a pressure value;
the water source control module is connected with the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module and controlling the water quantity and the water delivery pressure when delivering water to the coal mine physical simulation module;
the water flow speed monitoring module is arranged at the side of the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for detecting the water flow speed in the coal mine physical simulation module;
the pressure monitoring module is arranged on the coal mine physical simulation module and is used for monitoring the pressure change of the coal mine physical simulation module;
and the experimental data acquisition module is connected with the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module and is used for acquiring data monitored by the water flow speed monitoring module and the pressure detection module.
2. The mine water permeability simulation experiment device according to claim 1, wherein the coal mine physical simulation module comprises a top rock layer, a silty sandstone layer, a lime rock layer, a sandstone mud layer, a coal layer, a bottom rock layer, a lava water layer, toughened glass and pressurizing devices arranged on two sides, wherein the top rock layer, the silty sandstone layer, the lime rock layer, the sandstone mud layer, the coal layer, the bottom rock layer and the lava water layer are sequentially stacked from top to bottom, and the toughened glass is arranged on two sides of the rock layer.
3. The mine water penetration simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the overburden loading module includes a weight object with a set mass, the weight object being disposed on top of the coal mine physical simulation module.
4. The mine water penetration simulation experiment apparatus of claim 1, wherein the base plate water pressure loading module comprises: lifting mechanism, first pressure controller, steel sheet, be connected with on the lifting mechanism the steel sheet, parallel placement is in bottom plate department, lifting mechanism with first pressure controller electricity is connected, first pressure controller can be adjusted lifting mechanism's output pressure size, lifting mechanism can with real-time pressure gives first pressure controller.
5. A mine water penetration simulation experiment apparatus as set forth in claim 3, wherein said water source control module comprises: the water pump is connected with the water bag, the water pump is electrically connected with the water flow control console, and the water flow control console can control the flow of the water pump.
6. The mine water penetration simulation experiment apparatus of claim 5, wherein the water flow rate monitoring module comprises: the device comprises a double-pulse laser, a cylindrical mirror, trace particles, a CCD (charge coupled device) camera, an image collector and an image analyzer, wherein the CCD camera is connected with the image collector, the image collector is connected with the image analyzer, the trace particles are scattered in water flow, the cylindrical mirror is arranged below the double-pulse laser, the double-pulse laser can form an area to be detected in the water flow through the cylindrical mirror, and the CCD camera is used for shooting the trace particles in the water flow.
7. A mine water permeability simulation experiment method based on the mine water permeability simulation experiment device as set forth in any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the mine water permeability simulation experiment method comprises:
obtaining the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel when the simulated experiment system permeates water, and multiplying the water flow speed by the sectional area of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the water permeation quantity of the simulated mine tunnel;
obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine tunnel and the similarity simulation experiment device;
according to the geometric similarity ratio, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel and the water permeability of the simulated mine tunnel, the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss suffered by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water permeability of the actual mine tunnel are calculated.
8. The mine water penetration simulation experiment method according to claim 7, wherein the calculating to obtain the water flow spreading time, the water flow speed, the rock stratum gravity, the pressure and the energy loss of the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel and the water penetration of the actual mine tunnel comprises the following steps:
multiplying the water flow spreading time of the simulated mine tunnel by one half of a time scale to obtain the water flow spreading time of the actual mine tunnel;
according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow speed of the simulated mine tunnel, calculating the water flow speed of the actual mine tunnel;
multiplying the simulated mine tunnel water permeability by the fifth half of the geometric similarity ratio to obtain the actual mine tunnel water permeability;
calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the rock stratum gravity of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the rock stratum gravity of the actual mine tunnel;
calculating the geometric similarity ratio and the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the pressure born by the bottom plate rock stratum of the actual mine tunnel;
and calculating the geometrical similarity ratio and the energy loss of the simulated mine tunnel to obtain the energy loss of the actual mine tunnel.
9. The method for simulating the water permeability of a mine according to claim 7, wherein the step of obtaining the geometric similarity ratio of the simulated mine tunnel to the simulated simulation experiment device comprises the steps of:
the width of the actual mine tunnel is A, the height is H, the length is L, the width of the simulated mine tunnel is a, the height is H, and the length is L, and the geometric similarity scale is the same as the width of the simulated mine tunnel
。
10. The mine water penetration simulation experiment method of claim 8, wherein the calculating the water flow velocity of the actual mine tunnel according to the geometric similarity ratio and the water flow velocity of the simulated mine tunnel comprises:
after twice exposure by a CCD camera, two adjacent images are obtained, m (x 1, y 1) is set as the tracer particle on one image, and n (x 2, y 2) is set as the tracer particle on the other image;
processing the two images respectively through an image analyzer, wherein the method for processing the images comprises the following steps: setting the exposure time difference of the two images as
t1-t2, and further obtaining the average speed vm of the simulated mine tunnel trace particles according to the following formula; />
，
The actual mine tunnel water penetration flow velocity v is calculated by the following formula p ，
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