CN116179884A - Vacuum induction smelting method for preparing titanium-coated NbB 2 Method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nano particles - Google Patents
Vacuum induction smelting method for preparing titanium-coated NbB 2 Method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nano particles Download PDFInfo
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- 229910010038 TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 140
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 138
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 129
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 113
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 98
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 43
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 58
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 29
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011812 mixed powder Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000011049 filling Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910019742 NbB2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910000943 NiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Raney nickel Chemical compound [Al].[Ni] NPXOKRUENSOPAO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 229910019748 NbB Inorganic materials 0.000 description 105
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 22
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 10
- 229910006281 γ-TiAl Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000153 supplemental effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002441 X-ray diffraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021325 alpha 2-Ti3Al Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011268 retreatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000498 ball milling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000838 Al alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;titanium Chemical compound [AlH3].[Ti] UQZIWOQVLUASCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011882 ultra-fine particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000265 homogenisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000601 superalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/10—Alloys containing non-metals
- C22C1/1036—Alloys containing non-metals starting from a melt
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C32/00—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ
- C22C32/0047—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents
- C22C32/0073—Non-ferrous alloys containing at least 5% by weight but less than 50% by weight of oxides, carbides, borides, nitrides, silicides or other metal compounds, e.g. oxynitrides, sulfides, whether added as such or formed in situ with carbides, nitrides, borides or silicides as the main non-metallic constituents only borides
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction smelting 2 A method of nanoparticle reinforcing a TiAl alloy, comprising: 1. preparation of titanium coated NbB 2 A nanoparticle; 2. placing TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction smelting furnace, and coating NbB with titanium 2 Putting the nano particles into a feeding port of a vacuum induction melting furnace; 3. argon is filled into the smelting chamber, so that the pressure of the smelting chamber is kept between 40000Pa and 50000Pa; the smelting furnace starts to heat, and the heating power is gradually increased until the TiAl alloy is completely melted; 4. coating NbB with titanium in a feed inlet 2 Adding nano particles into TiAl alloy melt in a water-cooled copper crucibleThe method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The water-cooled copper crucible forms a Lorentz force field to suspend and spontaneously stir the melt, so that the NbB is coated by the titanium 2 After the nano particles are fully dispersed in the TiAl melt, adding Al powder to obtain an enhanced TiAl alloy melt; 5. casting the reinforced TiAl alloy melt in a smelting chamber by using a mould; after casting and cooling, obtaining the titanium-coated NbB 2 The nano particles strengthen the TiAl alloy.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of preparing high-performance particle reinforced TiAl alloy, and particularly relates to a method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by a vacuum induction smelting method 2 A method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nano particles.
Background
In recent years, the aerospace industry is greatly developed in China, and meanwhile, higher requirements are put on the adopted materials, so that high-temperature materials used for preparing the aero-engine are more important. TiAl alloy is widely paid attention to because of the advantages of light weight, high specific strength, high-temperature strength, good corrosion resistance and the like, and is expected to replace nickel-based superalloy in high-performance aeroengines as a potential novel structural material. At present, the TiAl alloy has been successfully applied to the fields of low-pressure turbine blades of aerospace engines, racing engines and the like, and has wide application prospects at 650-800 ℃. However, despite the exciting prospect of commercial application, ongoing research shows that the room temperature ductility of TiAl alloys is low, and the strength and oxidation resistance are insufficient after temperatures above 800 ℃, which will certainly limit the commercial application thereof, and therefore, we need to further improve the high temperature performance and use temperature thereof.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for preparing titanium-coated NbB2 nano-particle reinforced TiAl alloy by a vacuum induction melting method, and compared with the traditional particle reinforced TiAl alloy, the method adopts titanium-coated NbB 2 The nano particles are easier to disperse, have more excellent interface combination with TiAl matrix, and add NbB 2 After the nano particles, the high-temperature mechanical property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy are obviously improved.
The technical scheme provided by the invention is as follows:
a method for preparing a titanium-coated NbB2 nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy by a vacuum induction melting method comprises the following steps:
step one, preparing titanium coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 A nanoparticle;
step two, placing TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, and coating NbB with titanium 2 Putting the nano particles into a feeding port of a vacuum induction melting furnace;
wherein the vacuum degree in the smelting chamber is kept between 5Pa and 10Pa;
step three, filling argon into the smelting chamber to keep the pressure of the smelting chamber at 40000 Pa-50000 Pa; heating the smelting furnace, and gradually increasing the heating power until the TiAl alloy is completely melted to obtain a TiAl alloy melt;
step four, coating NbB with titanium in a feed port 2 Adding the nano particles into a TiAl alloy melt in a water-cooled copper crucible; the water-cooled copper crucible forms a Lorentz force field to suspend and spontaneously stir the melt, so that the NbB is coated by the titanium 2 Fully dispersing the nano particles in the TiAl melt to obtain an enhanced TiAl alloy melt;
wherein, the titanium coats NbB 2 The addition amount of the nano particles is 0.1wt.% to 0.5wt.% of the TiAl alloy melt;
step five, in the smelting chamber, casting reinforced TiAl alloy melt by using a mould; after casting and cooling, obtaining the titanium-coated NbB 2 The nano particles strengthen the TiAl alloy.
Preferably, in the first step, the high-frequency induction plasma method is used for preparing the titanium-coated NbB 2 A nanoparticle comprising the steps of:
step 1, titanium powder and NbB 2 Mixing the powder, and putting the mixture into a mixer for homogenization treatment to obtain mixed powder;
wherein the grain diameter of the titanium powder is 20-300 microns, nbB 2 The particle size of the powder is 10-150 microns; the mixed powder is prepared from the following components;
step 3, coating NbB with the titanium 2 Selecting particles below 300 nanometers from the powder, namely the titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) nanoparticles.
Preferably, in the step 2, the air pressure of the vacuum reaction chamber filled with the inert gas is 10Pa to 40Pa.
Preferably, in the step 2, the mixed powder is blown into the vacuum reaction chamber at a speed of 3 m/s to 20 m/s.
Preferably, during the preparation of the NiAl alloy melt in the third step, the heating power is raised by 4kW to 7kW each time and maintained for 4 to 8 minutes.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the titanium coats the NbB 2 After the nano particles are fully dispersed in the TiAl melt for 30 to 60 seconds, adding Al powder.
Preferably, in the fourth step, the casting is performed after adding the Al powder for 1 to 2 minutes.
Preferably, in said step five, the power of the smelting equipment is gradually reduced to 0 during the casting process.
Preferably, in the fifth step, casting is performed using a graphite mold.
Preferably, in the fifth step, before casting, the mold is further placed in a vacuum melting chamber in advance and is adjacent to the cold copper crucible for preheating.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
compared with the traditional particle reinforced TiAl alloy, the method for preparing the titanium-coated NbB2 nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy by using the vacuum induction smelting method provided by the invention has the advantages that 2 The nano particles are easier to disperse, and have more excellent interface combination with the TiAl matrix; adding NbB 2 After the nano particles, the high-temperature mechanical property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy are obviously improved; has important practical application value for improving the service temperature of TiAl alloy and preparing high-performance aeroengines.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an X-ray diffraction phase analysis of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows the microstructure morphology of comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is an engineering stress strain curve at 700℃for comparative example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 4 shows an X-ray diffraction phase analysis of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 5 shows the microstructure morphology of example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is an engineering stress strain curve at 700℃for example 1 of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is an X-ray diffraction phase analysis of example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a microstructure morphology according to example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is an engineering stress strain curve at 700℃for example 2 of the present invention.
FIG. 10 is an X-ray diffraction phase analysis of example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 11 shows the microstructure morphology of example 3 of the present invention.
FIG. 12 is an engineering stress strain curve at 700℃for example 3 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention by referring to the description.
The invention provides a method for preparing titanium-coated NbB2 nano-particle reinforced TiAl alloy by a vacuum induction melting method, which comprises the following specific preparation processes in a vacuum induction melting furnace.
(1) Preparation of titanium-coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 Nanoparticles:
(1a) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Powder mixture configuration and uniform mixing:
70-90wt.% of micron NbB in total mass of the mixed powder 2 The powder (the size is 10-150 micrometers, the purity is 99.5 weight percent) and the micrometer titanium powder (the size is 20-300 micrometers, the purity is 99.5 weight percent) accounting for 10-30 percent of the total mass of the mixed powder are premixed in a premixing machine for 30-90 minutes and then are put into a mixer for mixing for 10-30 hours at the speed of 10-60 r/min; powder obtained by ball millingTaking out the materials for standby.
(1b) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Preparation of titanium-coated NbB from powder mixture by high-frequency induction plasma 2 Nanoparticles:
and filling inert protective atmosphere into the vacuum reaction chamber, wherein the air pressure is 10-40Pa, and generating stable inert mixed gas thermal plasma by using a high-frequency power supply and a direct-current power supply. Using inert gas to make micrometer titanium powder and micrometer NbB 2 The powder mixture is blown into the reaction chamber at the speed of 3-20 m/s, when high-energy density thermal plasma acts on the mixed powder, the plasma is generated, and in the diffusion process, the plasma continuously collides with inert gas atoms, the energy is rapidly lost by using a cooling device to cool, the powder mixture spontaneously nucleates and coalesces to generate ultra-fine particle clusters, after the clusters are formed, the ultra-fine particle clusters rapidly leave a supersaturation zone through the action of gas convection and finally are deposited on the wall of a particle collecting device due to NbB 2 High melting point, early nucleation and solidification, low titanium melting point and then the formed NbB 2 Surface nucleation for realizing NbB of titanium 2 Coating of particles.
(1c) Titanium coated NbB 2 Particle size screening and re-refining:
screening, namely collecting the titanium-coated NbB 2 The granule powder is used for screening out granules below 300 nanometers to be used as a finished product;
larger titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) particle retreatment treatment: taking particles with the size larger than 300 nanometers as raw materials, and then carrying out the step (1 b) until the collected titanium coats NbB 2 The particle size is 300 nm or less.
(2) Coating the prepared titanium with NbB 2 The nanoparticles are added into TiAl alloy and are uniformly dispersed:
(2a) Placing the TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, avoiding the contact of TiAl alloy raw materials with the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (except the bottom), and ensuring that the height of the TiAl alloy is not more than 5 cm; coating NbB with titanium 2 Nanoparticle (titanium coated NbB) 2 The content of the nano particles accounts for 0.1wt.% to 0.5wt.% of the mass of the TiAl alloy) is placed in the feed portFor subsequent addition.
(2b) In order to avoid alloy oxidation and ensure experimental safety, the melting chamber of the vacuum induction melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 5-10Pa before melting is started, and then argon is filled, so that the pressure of the melting chamber is kept between 40000Pa and 50000Pa.
(2c) Gradually increasing the heating power by 4-7kW each time and keeping for 4-8 minutes until the TiAl alloy is melted; titanium-coated NbB placed in a feed port before adding immediately after TiAl alloy is melted 2 Nanoparticles, nbB, which suspend and spontaneously stir the melt due to the Lorentz force field formed by the water-cooled copper crucible 2 The nanoparticles may be uniformly dispersed in the TiAl alloy melt. Adding titanium coated NbB 2 The nano-particles were then added with supplemental Al to maintain the ratio of Ti to Al after 30-60 seconds, and casting was performed after 1-2 minutes of aluminum addition.
(3) Titanium coated NbB 2 Casting and forming the nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy:
(3a) The graphite mould used for casting is placed in a smelting chamber of a vacuum induction smelting furnace before smelting, and is placed at a position which is 10 cm lower than the water-cooled copper crucible and 3 cm away from the water-cooled copper crucible so as to ensure that casting can be smoothly carried out.
(3b) Due to the radiation heat dissipation of the TiAl alloy melt, the graphite mold is fully preheated before casting, so that the TiAl alloy melt and the graphite mold are prevented from having excessive temperature difference.
(3c) In TiAl alloy melting and NbB 2 Casting can be performed after the nano particles are fully dispersed; gradually reducing the power to 0kW while casting in the casting process; and (5) taking out the TiAl alloy after the casting is completed and the TiAl alloy is cooled to room temperature.
Example 1
The embodiment is that the vacuum induction melting method is used for preparing the titanium coated NbB which is added with 0.1wt.% of titanium accounting for the mass of the TiAl alloy 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys (consisting of 50at.% Ti and 50at.% Al) are specified as follows:
(1) Preparation of titanium-coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 Nanoparticles:
(1a) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Powder mixture formulationPlacing and uniformly mixing:
70wt.% (70 wt.%) of the total mixed powder was taken up with micron NbB 2 Powder (size 10 microns, purity 99.5 wt.%) and 30wt.% of micron titanium powder (size 180 microns, purity 99.5 wt.%) were pre-mixed in a pre-mixer for 60 minutes and then placed in the mixer for 30 hours at a speed of 10 r/min; taking out the powder after ball milling for later use.
(1b) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Preparation of titanium-coated NbB from powder mixture by high-frequency induction plasma 2 Nanoparticles:
and filling inert protective atmosphere into the vacuum reaction chamber, wherein the air pressure is 10Pa, and generating stable inert mixed gas thermal plasma by using a high-frequency power supply and a direct-current power supply. Using inert gas to make micrometer titanium powder and micrometer NbB 2 Blowing the powder mixture into a reaction chamber at a speed of 15 m/s to generate the titanium-coated NbB 2 Particle size.
(1c) Titanium coated NbB 2 Particle size screening and re-refining:
screening: collecting the titanium-coated NbB 2 The granule powder is used for screening out granules below 300 nanometers to be used as a finished product;
larger titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) particle retreatment treatment: taking particles with the size larger than 300 nanometers as raw materials, and then carrying out the step (1 b) until the collected titanium coats NbB 2 The particle size is 300 nm or less.
(2) Coating the prepared titanium with NbB 2 The nanoparticles are added into TiAl alloy and are uniformly dispersed:
(2a) Placing the TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, avoiding the contact of TiAl alloy raw materials with the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (except the bottom), and ensuring that the height of the TiAl alloy is not more than 5 cm; coating NbB with 0.1wt.% titanium 2 The nano particles and the supplemental Al are respectively put into a feed port in sequence for subsequent addition.
(2b) In order to avoid alloy oxidation and ensure experimental safety, the melting chamber of the vacuum induction melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 10Pa before melting is started, and then argon is filled, so that the pressure of the melting chamber is kept at 50000Pa.
(2c) Gradually increasing the heating power by 7kW each time and keeping for 4 minutes until the TiAl alloy is melted; titanium-coated NbB placed in a feed port before adding immediately after TiAl alloy is melted 2 Nanoparticles, nbB, which suspend and spontaneously stir the melt due to the Lorentz force field formed by the water-cooled copper crucible 2 The nanoparticles may be uniformly dispersed in the TiAl alloy melt. Adding titanium coated NbB 2 After 40 seconds of nanoparticle addition of supplemental Al to maintain the ratio of Ti to Al, casting was performed after 2 minutes of aluminum addition.
(3) Titanium coated NbB 2 Casting and forming the nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy:
(3a) The graphite mould used for casting is placed in a smelting chamber of a vacuum induction smelting furnace before smelting, and is placed at a position which is 10 cm lower than the water-cooled copper crucible and 3 cm away from the water-cooled copper crucible so as to ensure that casting can be smoothly carried out.
(3b) Due to the radiation heat dissipation of the TiAl alloy melt, the graphite mold is fully preheated before casting, so that the TiAl alloy melt and the graphite mold are prevented from having excessive temperature difference.
(3c) In TiAl alloy melting and NbB 2 Casting can be performed after the nano particles are fully dispersed; gradually reducing the power to 0kW while casting in the casting process; and (5) taking out the TiAl alloy after the casting is completed and the TiAl alloy is cooled to room temperature.
In this example, 0.1wt.% titanium-coated NbB was added by vacuum induction melting 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys consisting of gamma-TiAl, alpha 2 -Ti 3 Al and NbB 2 Three phase composition (fig. 4); the microstructure is composed of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2 -Ti 3 Lamellar structure composition formed by Al (fig. 5), lamellar structure is further refined compared to comparative example; yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and strain at break at 700℃were 334.6MPa, 447.9MPa and 7.34%, respectively (Table 1 and FIG. 6), as compared to NbB coated without titanium addition 2 The nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys increased by 19.0%, 16.4% and 9.1%, respectively.
Example 2
The embodiment is vacuum inductionSmelting method for adding 0.3wt.% titanium coated NbB accounting for the mass of titanium-aluminum alloy 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys (consisting of 50at.% Ti and 50at.% Al) are specified as follows:
(1) Preparation of titanium-coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 Nanoparticles:
(1a) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Powder mixture configuration and uniform mixing:
will be 90wt.% micron NbB 2 Powder (90 microns in size, 99.5wt.% purity) and 10wt.% of micron titanium powder (20 microns in size, 99.5wt.% purity) were pre-mixed in a pre-mixer for 90 minutes and then placed in a mixer for 20 hours at a speed of 40 r/min; taking out the powder after ball milling for later use.
(1b) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Preparation of titanium-coated NbB from powder mixture by high-frequency induction plasma 2 Nanoparticles:
and filling inert protective atmosphere into the vacuum reaction chamber, wherein the air pressure is 30Pa, and generating stable inert mixed gas thermal plasma by using a high-frequency power supply and a direct-current power supply. Using inert gas to make micrometer titanium powder and micrometer NbB 2 Blowing the powder mixture into a reaction chamber at a speed of 3 m/s to generate the titanium-coated NbB 2 Particle size.
(1c) Titanium coated NbB 2 Particle size screening and re-refining:
screening, namely collecting the titanium-coated NbB 2 The granule powder is used for screening out granules below 300 nanometers to be used as a finished product;
larger titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) particle retreatment treatment: taking particles with the size larger than 300 nanometers as raw materials, and then carrying out the step (1 b) until the collected titanium coats NbB 2 The particle size is 300 nm or less.
(2) Coating the prepared titanium with NbB 2 The nanoparticles are added into TiAl alloy and are uniformly dispersed:
(2a) Placing the TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, avoiding the contact of TiAl alloy raw materials with the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (except the bottom), and ensuring that the height of the TiAl alloy does not exceed that of the water-cooled copperCrucible 5 cm; coating NbB with 0.3wt.% titanium 2 The nano particles and the supplemental Al are respectively put into a feed port in sequence for subsequent addition.
(2b) In order to avoid alloy oxidation and ensure experimental safety, the melting chamber of the vacuum induction melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 8Pa before melting is started, and then argon is filled, so that the pressure of the melting chamber is kept at 40000Pa.
(2c) Gradually increasing the heating power by 4kW each time and keeping for 6 minutes until the TiAl alloy is melted; titanium-coated NbB placed in a feed port before adding immediately after TiAl alloy is melted 2 Nanoparticles, nbB, which suspend and spontaneously stir the melt due to the Lorentz force field formed by the water-cooled copper crucible 2 The nanoparticles may be uniformly dispersed in the TiAl alloy melt. Adding titanium coated NbB 2 The nano-particles were then added with additional Al to maintain the ratio of Ti to Al, and casting was performed after 1.5 minutes of aluminum addition.
(3) Titanium coated NbB 2 Casting and forming the nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy:
(3a) The graphite mould used for casting is placed in a smelting chamber of a vacuum induction smelting furnace before smelting, and is placed at a position which is 10 cm lower than the water-cooled copper crucible and 3 cm away from the water-cooled copper crucible so as to ensure that casting can be smoothly carried out.
(3b) Due to the radiation heat dissipation of the TiAl alloy melt, the graphite mold is fully preheated before casting, so that the TiAl alloy melt and the graphite mold are prevented from having excessive temperature difference.
(3c) In TiAl alloy melting and NbB 2 Casting can be performed after the nano particles are fully dispersed; gradually reducing the power to 0kW while casting in the casting process; and (5) taking out the TiAl alloy after the casting is completed and the TiAl alloy is cooled to room temperature.
In this example, 0.3wt.% titanium-coated NbB was added by vacuum induction melting 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys consisting of gamma-TiAl, alpha 2 -Ti 3 Al and NbB 2 Three phase composition (fig. 7); the microstructure is composed of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2 -Ti 3 Lamellar structure composition formed by Al (fig. 8), lamellar structure is further refined compared to comparative example; 7Yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and strain at break at 00℃were 353.5MPa, 482.4MPa and 9.09%, respectively (Table 1 and FIG. 9), as compared to the non-titanium-added coated NbB 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys increased by 25.8%, 25.4% and 35.1%, respectively.
Example 3
The embodiment is that the vacuum induction melting method is used for preparing and adding the titanium coated NbB accounting for 0.5wt.% of the mass of the titanium-aluminum alloy 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys (consisting of 50at.% Ti and 50at.% Al) are specified as follows:
(1) Preparation of titanium-coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 Nanoparticles:
(1a) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Powder mixture configuration and uniform mixing:
will 80wt.% micron NbB 2 Powder (size 150 microns, purity 99.5 wt.%) and 20wt.% of micron titanium powder (size 300 microns, purity 99.5 wt.%) were pre-mixed in a pre-mixer for 30 minutes and then placed in the mixer for mixing at 60r/min for 10 hours; taking out the powder after ball milling for later use.
(1b) Micron titanium powder and micron NbB 2 Preparation of titanium-coated NbB from powder mixture by high-frequency induction plasma 2 Nanoparticles:
and filling inert protective atmosphere into the vacuum reaction chamber, wherein the air pressure is 40Pa, and generating stable inert mixed gas thermal plasma by using a high-frequency power supply and a direct-current power supply. Using inert gas to make micrometer titanium powder and micrometer NbB 2 Blowing the powder mixture into a reaction chamber at a speed of 20 m/s to generate the titanium-coated NbB 2 Particle size.
(1c) Titanium coated NbB 2 Particle size screening and re-refining:
screening, namely collecting the titanium-coated NbB 2 The granule powder is used for screening out granules below 300 nanometers to be used as a finished product;
larger titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) particle retreatment treatment: taking particles with the size larger than 300 nanometers as raw materials, and then carrying out the step (1 b) until the collected titanium coats NbB 2 The particle size is 300 nm or less.
(2) Coating the prepared titanium with NbB 2 The nanoparticles are added into TiAl alloy and are uniformly dispersed:
(2a) Placing the TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, avoiding the contact of TiAl alloy raw materials with the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (except the bottom), and ensuring that the height of the TiAl alloy is not more than 5 cm; coating NbB with 0.5wt.% titanium 2 The nano particles and the supplemental Al are respectively put into a feed port in sequence for subsequent addition.
(2b) In order to avoid alloy oxidation and ensure experimental safety, the melting chamber of the vacuum induction melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 5Pa before melting is started, and then argon is filled, so that the pressure of the melting chamber is kept at 45000Pa.
(2c) Gradually increasing the heating power, increasing 6kW each time, and keeping for 8 minutes until the TiAl alloy is melted; titanium-coated NbB placed in a feed port before adding immediately after TiAl alloy is melted 2 Nanoparticles, nbB, which suspend and spontaneously stir the melt due to the Lorentz force field formed by the water-cooled copper crucible 2 The nanoparticles may be uniformly dispersed in the TiAl alloy melt. Adding titanium coated NbB 2 The nanoparticles were then added with additional Al to maintain the Ti to Al ratio and aluminum was added for 1 minute to allow casting.
(3) Titanium coated NbB 2 Casting and forming the nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy:
(3a) The graphite mould used for casting is placed in a smelting chamber of a vacuum induction smelting furnace before smelting, and is placed at a position which is 10 cm lower than the water-cooled copper crucible and 3 cm away from the water-cooled copper crucible so as to ensure that casting can be smoothly carried out.
(3b) Due to the radiation heat dissipation of the TiAl alloy melt, the graphite mold is fully preheated before casting, so that the TiAl alloy melt and the graphite mold are prevented from having excessive temperature difference.
(3c) In TiAl alloy melting and NbB 2 Casting can be performed after the nano particles are fully dispersed; gradually reducing the power to 0kW while casting in the casting process; and (5) taking out the TiAl alloy after the casting is completed and the TiAl alloy is cooled to room temperature.
In this example, 0.5wt.% titanium-coated NbB was added by vacuum induction melting 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys consisting of gamma-TiAl, alpha 2 -Ti 3 Al and NbB 2 Three phase composition (fig. 10); the microstructure is composed of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2 -Ti 3 Lamellar structure formed of Al and composition of gamma-TiAl at grain boundary (FIG. 11), but compared with NbB coated with no titanium 2 The gamma-TiAl at the grain boundary of the nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy is obviously reduced, and compared with the comparative example, the lamellar structure is further refined; yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and strain at break at 700℃were 339.3MPa, 448.0MPa and 7.53%, respectively (Table 1 and FIG. 12), as compared to NbB coated without titanium 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys increased by 20.7%, 16.5% and 11.9%, respectively.
Comparative example 1
The comparative example is a vacuum induction melting method for preparing non-titanium-added coated NbB 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys (consisting of 50at.% Ti and 50at.% Al) are specified as follows:
(1) Coating NbB without adding titanium 2 Melting of nanoparticle-reinforced TiAl alloys:
(1a) Placing the TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, avoiding the TiAl alloy raw material from contacting with the wall of the water-cooled copper crucible (except the bottom), and ensuring that the height of the TiAl alloy is not more than 5 cm.
(1b) In order to avoid alloy oxidation and ensure experimental safety, the melting chamber of the vacuum induction melting furnace needs to be vacuumized to 10Pa before melting is started, and then argon is filled, so that the pressure of the melting chamber is kept at 45000Pa.
(1c) The heating power was gradually increased by 5kW each time and held for 5 minutes until the TiAl alloy melted.
(2) Coating NbB without adding titanium 2 Casting of nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys:
(2a) The graphite mould used for casting is placed in a smelting chamber of a vacuum induction smelting furnace before smelting, and is placed at a position which is 10 cm lower than the water-cooled copper crucible and 3 cm away from the water-cooled copper crucible so as to ensure that casting can be smoothly carried out.
(2b) Due to the radiation heat dissipation of the TiAl alloy melt, the graphite mold is fully preheated before casting, so that the TiAl alloy melt and the graphite mold are prevented from having excessive temperature difference.
(2c) Casting is carried out after the TiAl alloy is melted; gradually reducing the power to 0kW while casting in the casting process; and (5) taking out the TiAl alloy after the casting is completed and the TiAl alloy is cooled to room temperature.
In this comparative example, vacuum induction melting was used to prepare non-titanium-added coated NbB 2 Nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloys consisting of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2 -Ti 3 Al two-phase composition (fig. 1); the microstructure is composed of gamma-TiAl and alpha 2 -Ti 3 Lamellar structure formed of Al and γ -TiAl composition at grain boundaries (fig. 2); the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and strain at break at 700 ℃ were 281.1MPa, 384.7MPa and 6.73%, respectively (table 1 and fig. 3).
Table 1 tensile properties at 700 ℃ of TiAl alloys prepared in examples and comparative examples
Compared with the traditional particle reinforced TiAl alloy, the method for preparing the titanium-coated NbB2 nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy by using the vacuum induction smelting method provided by the invention has the advantages that 2 The nano particles are easier to disperse, and have more excellent interface combination with the TiAl matrix; adding NbB 2 After the nano particles, the high-temperature mechanical property and the high-temperature oxidation resistance of the TiAl alloy are obviously improved; has important practical application value for improving the service temperature of TiAl alloy and preparing high-performance aeroengines.
Although embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the details and embodiments shown and described, it is well suited to various fields of use for which the invention would be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and accordingly, the invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein, without departing from the general concepts defined in the claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. Vacuum induction smelting method for preparing titanium-coated NbB 2 A method of nanoparticle reinforcement of a TiAl alloy, comprising the steps of:
step one, preparing titanium coated NbB by high-frequency induction plasma method 2 A nanoparticle;
step two, placing TiAl alloy into a water-cooled copper crucible in a vacuum induction melting furnace, and coating NbB with titanium 2 Putting the nano particles into a feeding port of a vacuum induction melting furnace;
wherein the vacuum degree in the smelting chamber is kept between 5Pa and 10Pa;
step three, filling argon into the smelting chamber to keep the pressure of the smelting chamber at 40000 Pa-50000 Pa; heating the smelting furnace, and gradually increasing the heating power until the TiAl alloy is completely melted to obtain a TiAl alloy melt;
step four, coating NbB with titanium in a feed port 2 Adding the nano particles into a TiAl alloy melt in a water-cooled copper crucible; the water-cooled copper crucible forms a Lorentz force field to suspend and spontaneously stir the melt, so that the NbB is coated by the titanium 2 Fully dispersing the nano particles in the TiAl melt to obtain an enhanced TiAl alloy melt;
wherein, the titanium coats NbB 2 The addition amount of the nano particles is 0.1wt.% to 0.5wt.% of the TiAl alloy melt;
step five, in the smelting chamber, casting reinforced TiAl alloy melt by using a mould; after casting and cooling, obtaining the titanium-coated NbB 2 The nano particles strengthen the TiAl alloy.
2. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction smelting according to claim 1 2 A method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nano particles is characterized in that in the first step, a high-frequency induction plasma method is used for preparing titanium-coated NbB 2 A nanoparticle comprising the steps of:
step 1, titanium powder and NbB 2 Mixing the powder and placing the powder into a mixerHomogenizing to obtain mixed powder;
wherein the grain diameter of the titanium powder is 20-300 microns, nbB 2 The particle size of the powder is 10-150 microns; the mixed powder is prepared from the following components;
step 2, filling inert gas into the vacuum reaction chamber, and generating stable inert gas mixed thermal plasma by using a high-frequency direct-current power supply; blowing the mixed powder into the vacuum reaction chamber by inert gas, reacting after the thermal plasma, and rapidly cooling to obtain the titanium-coated NbB 2 Powder;
step 3, coating NbB with the titanium 2 Selecting particles below 300 nanometers from the powder, namely the titanium coated NbB 2 And (3) nanoparticles.
3. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction melting according to claim 2 2 The method for reinforcing the TiAl alloy by the nano particles is characterized in that in the step 2, the air pressure of a vacuum reaction chamber filled with inert gas is 10 Pa-40 Pa.
4. A method of producing a titanium-coated NbB2 nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy according to claim 3, characterized in that in step 2 the mixed powder is blown into the vacuum reaction chamber at a speed of 3 m/s to 20 m/s.
5. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction smelting according to claim 2, 3 or 4 2 A method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nano particles, which is characterized in that during the process of preparing NiAl alloy melt in the step three, the heating power is increased by 4kW to 7kW each time and maintained for 4 minutes to 8 minutes.
6. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction melting according to claim 5 2 Method for reinforcing TiAl alloy by nanoparticles, characterized in that in said step four, nbB is coated with titanium 2 After the nano particles are fully dispersed in the TiAl melt for 30 to 60 seconds, adding Al powder.
7. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction melting according to claim 6 2 The method for reinforcing the TiAl alloy by the nano particles is characterized in that in the fourth step, the casting is carried out after adding Al powder for 1 to 2 minutes.
8. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction melting according to claim 7 2 A method of nanoparticle reinforced TiAl alloy, characterized in that in said step five, the power of the smelting equipment is gradually reduced to 0 during casting.
9. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction smelting according to claim 8 2 A method of reinforcing a TiAl alloy with nanoparticles, characterized in that in step five, casting is performed using a graphite mould.
10. The method for preparing titanium-coated NbB by vacuum induction melting according to claim 9 2 The method for reinforcing the TiAl alloy by the nano particles is characterized in that in the fifth step, the mould is placed in a vacuum smelting chamber in advance and is close to the cold copper crucible for preheating before casting.
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