CN116178574A - Extraction method for optimizing pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by response surface method - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides an extraction method for optimizing pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by a response surface method, which is an improvement of the existing pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide extraction process, and adopts water as an extracting agent, so that the extraction time is short, the activity of active ingredients is high, and the extraction purity is more than 83%. The ultrasonic microwave assisted extraction method has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, simple operation, small activity loss, no organic solvent residue and the like. Papain has the advantages of economy, rapidness, high efficiency, safety, small sample loss and the like, deproteinization is carried out by a papain method, the condition is mild, the glycoprotein can be effectively decomposed by the papain, the glycoprotein is destroyed, and the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide can be effectively separated and purified by adopting a DEAE-52 anion exchange resin column chromatography separation method.
Description
Technical Field
The invention provides an extraction method for optimizing pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by a response surface method, which is an improvement on the existing pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide extraction process and belongs to the technical field of plant component extraction.
Technical Field
At present, the effective components of the pagodatree flower bud are also researched to find that the effective components such as polysaccharide, flavone, saponin and the like have certain physiological activities. The pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide is a main active compound which plays a pharmacological role, and has the pharmacological effects of reducing blood sugar and blood pressure, resisting oxidation and aging, inhibiting bacteria and resisting tumor and the like. The method for extracting and separating flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide comprises hot extraction, hot water reflux extraction, ultrasonic extraction, etc.
At present, the conventional method for extracting the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide adopts a hot water extraction method (the optimal extraction process is that the extraction temperature is 90 ℃, the mass ratio of the materials to the water is 1:15, the extraction time is 90 min), the extraction efficiency is low (the extraction rate of the pagodatree flower bud crude polysaccharide is 5.10%), the extraction time is long, and the defects of serious destruction of active ingredients (the extraction time is longer in 90min, and the content change is not obvious) are overcome; therefore, the extraction method of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide, which is efficient in extraction, simple in operation, small in activity loss and free of organic solvent residues, is a technical problem to be solved by the person skilled in the art. In the experiment, the pagodatree flower bud is taken as a research object, water is taken as an extraction solvent, ultrasonic wave and microwave are adopted to cooperatively assist in extracting pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide, the extracting amount of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide is taken as an index, and the optimal technological parameters of pagodatree flower bud extraction are determined through a single factor and response surface optimization test.
Disclosure of Invention
1. The invention provides a method for extracting pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by response surface optimization, which is an improved novel extraction method and has the characteristics of short extraction time, high activity of effective components and the like.
The invention relates to a method for extracting optimized pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by a response surface method, which adopts the following technical scheme:
1) Selecting root-free and leaf-free pagodatree flower bud, soaking the pagodatree flower bud in ethanol solution overnight, and degreasing;
2) Placing the defatted pagodatree flower bud in a 60 ℃ oven until the weight is constant, and sieving the pagodatree flower bud with a 40-120 mesh sieve to obtain pagodatree flower bud powder with different particle sizes;
3) Mixing pagodatree flower bud powder and distilled water according to the proportion of 1:35-1:95, and then adopting ultrasonic waves to assist extraction and centrifugation, wherein the ultrasonic wave power of the mixed solution is 100-500W, the microwave power is 100-600W, and the extraction time is 6-22 min: the rotating speed is 8000r/min, and the centrifuging time is 5min;
4) Cooling the solution at room temperature, centrifuging again, filtering to separate precipitate and supernatant, and collecting supernatant to obtain concentrated solution: the centrifugal rotating speed is 8000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 10min;
5) Deproteinizing the concentrated solution by papain to obtain a supernatant;
the papain deproteinization is to take concentrated solution to make the volume concentration of the solution reach 40-280U/mL of papain, warm bath for 2h in a constant temperature water bath kettle at 50 ℃, take out and put into a boiling water bath for 10min for enzyme inactivation, discard precipitation, centrifuge for 10min at 6000rpm/min, and collect supernatant;
6) Placing the supernatant in a dialysis bag, treating with running water, and concentrating; the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag is 3500Da, and the running time is 48 hours;
7) Adding 3-5 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, refrigerating overnight, washing and centrifuging the lower layer sediment with the absolute ethyl alcohol, and freeze-drying to obtain semi-pure pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide: the centrifugal speed is 6000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5min; after the extraction, the extraction was completed according to standard equation y= 5.4322x-0.00595, (R 2 = 0.9996) the polysaccharide content in the extract was calculated, absorbance was measured at 490nm wavelength, and the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide yield was calculated with reference to the following formula:
polysaccharide yield Y (%) = (v×c×d)/(m×10) 3 )×100%
( Wherein: y is polysaccharide yield (%), V is total volume of sample solution (mL), C is polysaccharide concentration (mg/mL), D is dilution factor, and m is the sampling quality (g) )
8) Pretreating cotton DEAE-52 cellulose column, loading and eluting semi-pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide to obtain pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide;
the DEAE-52 cellulose column pretreatment is carried out by soaking in distilled water for 24 hours, fully swelling, soaking in NaOH of 7.5mol/L for 1.5 hours, suction filtering, washing with distilled water to neutrality; soaking in HCl with the same molar concentration for 1.5h, filtering, and washing with distilled water to neutrality for use; the washing liquid is removed to 200mL of sodium chloride solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.3 mol/L, and the eluting flow rate is 1mL/min. After purification, the purification was completed according to standard equation y= 5.4322x-0.00595, (R 2 = 0.9996) calculating polysaccharide content in the extractive solution, measuring absorbance at 490nm, and adding flos Sophorae ImmaturusSugar purity calculations are referred to as follows.
Polysaccharide purity P (%) = (v×c)/(m×10) 3 )×100%
( Wherein: p is polysaccharide purity (%), V is total volume of sample solution (mL), C is polysaccharide concentration (mg/mL), and m is the quality of sample (g) )
The grain size of the step 3) is 120 meshes, the liquid-material ratio is 94.995:1, the microwave power is 500W, the ultrasonic power is 265.887W, the extraction time is 20.078min,
taking the microwave power A, the ultrasonic power B, the extraction time C and the feed-liquid ratio D as independent variables, establishing 29 response surface test schemes, and taking the extraction rate of the detection polysaccharide as a response value;
regression equation fitting and current difference analysis:
fitting and variance analysis of polysaccharide yield regression equation: after regression fitting of each factor, data fitting is performed on polysaccharide yield Y by taking A, B, C, D as an independent variable, and the following multiple quadratic regression equation is established:
Y=-103.31+0.0233A+0.2738B+4.08C+1.112D+0.000015AB-0.0022AC+0.0013AD-0.0015BC-0.0012BD+0.0013CD-0.00009A 2 -0.00026B 2 -0.067C 2 -0.0078D 2 。
the invention has the positive effects that:
compared with the prior art, the extraction method for optimizing the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by using the response surface method has the advantages of short extraction time, high activity of effective components and extraction purity of more than 83 percent by taking water as an extracting agent. The ultrasonic microwave assisted extraction method has the advantages of high extraction efficiency, simple operation, small activity loss, no organic solvent residue and the like. Papain has the advantages of economy, rapidness, high efficiency, safety, small sample loss and the like, deproteinization is carried out by a papain method, the condition is mild, the glycoprotein can be effectively decomposed by the papain, the glycoprotein is destroyed, and the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide can be effectively separated and purified by adopting a DEAE-52 anion exchange resin column chromatography separation method.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a response surface graph and a contour plot of the influence of microwave power and ultrasonic power on the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a response surface graph and a contour plot of the influence of ultrasonic power and extraction time on the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a response surface graph and a contour plot of the influence of the microwave power and the liquid-material ratio on the polysaccharide yield of the pagodatree flower bud in the embodiment 1 of the invention;
FIG. 5 is a response surface graph and a contour plot of the influence of ultrasonic power and extraction time on the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a response surface graph and a contour plot of the influence of ultrasonic power and liquid-to-material ratio on the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide in example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a response surface plot and a contour plot of the effect of the extraction time and the liquid-to-material ratio on the polysaccharide yield of the pagodatree flower bud in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The following description of the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clear and complete, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
1. Selecting root-free and leaf-free pagodatree flower buds, then placing the pagodatree flower buds into 80% ethanol solution for overnight soaking, and degreasing;
2. heating and drying defatted flos Sophorae Immaturus at 60deg.C, pulverizing, and sieving with 120 mesh sieve to obtain flos Sophorae Immaturus powder;
3. mixing flos Sophorae Immaturus powder with distilled water at a ratio of 1:95, extracting the mixed solution under ultrasonic power 270W and microwave power 500W for 20min, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 5min; after the extraction, the extraction was completed according to standard equation y= 5.4322x-0.00595, (R 2 = 0.9996) the polysaccharide content in the extract was calculated, absorbance was measured at 490nm wavelength, and the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide yield was calculated with reference to the following formula:
polysaccharide yield Y (%)=(V×C×D)/(m×10 3 )×100%
( Wherein: y is polysaccharide yield (%), V is total volume of sample solution (mL), C is polysaccharide concentration (mg/mL), D is dilution factor, and m is the sampling quality (g) )
4. Cooling the solution at room temperature, centrifuging at 8000r/min for 10min, filtering to separate precipitate and supernatant, and collecting supernatant to obtain concentrated solution;
5. deproteinizing the concentrated solution by papain method to obtain concentrated solution with volume concentration of papain 80U/mL, warm-bathing in a constant-temperature water bath at 50deg.C for 2 hr, taking out, placing in a boiling water bath for 10min for enzyme inactivation, discarding precipitate, centrifuging at 6000rpm/min for 10min, collecting supernatant, placing the supernatant in dialysis bag with molecular weight cutoff of 3500Da, treating with running water for 48 hr, and concentrating;
6. adding 4 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, refrigerating overnight, washing the lower precipitate with absolute ethyl alcohol at 6000rpm/min, centrifuging for 5min, and freeze drying to obtain semi-pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide;
7. pretreating cotton DEAE-52 cellulose column, soaking in distilled water for 24 hr, fully swelling, soaking in 7.5mol/L NaOH for 1.5 hr, suction filtering, and washing with distilled water to neutrality; soaking with HCl of the same molar concentration for 1.5h, suction filtering, washing with distilled water to neutrality for later use, and sequentially eluting with distilled water, 0.1mol/L, 0.2mol/L and 0.3mol/L sodium chloride solution respectively at 200mL, wherein the eluting flow rate is 1mL/min, thereby obtaining pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide. The flow of the specific pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide is shown in figure 1. After purification, the purification was completed according to standard equation y= 5.4322x-0.00595, (R 2 = 0.9996) the polysaccharide content in the extract was calculated, absorbance was measured at 490nm wavelength, and the purity of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide was calculated with reference to the following formula:
polysaccharide purity P (%) = (v×c)/(m×10) 3 )×100%
Wherein: p is polysaccharide purity (%), V is total volume of sample solution (mL), C is polysaccharide concentration (mg/mL), and m is sampling quality (g));
TABLE 1 factors and levels of response surface tests
Data statistical analysis: analyzing and mapping response surface test data by adopting Design-Expert 12 software;
response surface experimental results and data analysis:
according to the design scheme and structure of the response surface experiment and the center combination experimental design principle, 29 response surface experimental schemes are established by taking the A microwave power, the B ultrasonic power, the C extraction time and the D feed-liquid ratio as independent variables so as to detect the polysaccharide extraction rate; is a response value. The response surface design and experimental results are shown in table 2:
table 2 response surface design and experimental results
Regression equation fitting and when variance analysis:
fitting and variance analysis of polysaccharide yield regression equation: after regression fitting of each factor, data fitting is performed on polysaccharide yield Y by taking A, B, C, D as an independent variable, and the following multiple quadratic regression equation is established:
Y=-103.31+0.0233A+0.2738B+4.08C+1.112D+0.000015AB-0.0022AC+0.0013AD-0.0015BC-0.0012BD+0.0013CD-0.00009A 2 -0.00026B 2 -0.067C 2 -0.0078D 2 ;
TABLE 3 polysaccharide yield regression equation analysis of variance
Note that: * P < 0.01; * P is less than 0.05 for obvious difference
As shown by analysis of variance, the quadratic regression equation model has F value of 12.97 and P<0.01, reaching extremely significant level, the mismatch term P= 0.1964 > 0.05, the difference is not significant, which indicates that the model has good fitting condition and small test error, and the model can be used for measuring the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide. In addition, A, C, D, AD, BD, A can be obtained from Table 3 2 、B 2 、D 2 Is extremely remarkable (P < 0.01), C 2 The remainder were not significant, with significant differences (P < 0.05). According to the value of F, the order of the influence of each factor on polysaccharide yield in the test is A (microwave power) > C (extraction time) > D (liquid-material ratio) > B (ultrasonic power). The optimal conditions for extracting the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide are obtained through the design of a response surface method: the microwave power is 500W, the ultrasonic power is 265.887W, the extraction time is 20.078min, the liquid-to-material ratio is 94.995:1, and the predicted polysaccharide yield is 37.062%. The optimal extraction process is set as follows: the microwave power is 500W, the ultrasonic power is 270W, the extraction time is 20min, and the feed-liquid ratio is 95:1. Under the condition, 3 times of test verification are carried out, and the obtained polysaccharide yields are 37.20%, 36.91% and 37.04%, the average value is 37.05% and is close to the predicted value of 37.17%, so that the optimization result is reliable. In conclusion, the model can be better fit with the extraction process of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide.
Polysaccharide yield response surface analysis: fig. 2 to 7 are curved surface diagrams obtained by the response surface optimization test. The figure shows the interaction between the remaining two factors and the effect on the yield of pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide when any two factors in the fixed A, B, C, D are at zero level. The response surface is analyzed from the interaction of each factor, and the contour map of the response surface can intuitively reflect the influence of each factor on the response value so as to find out the optimal technological parameters and the interaction among the parameters, and the center point of the minimum ellipse in the contour line and the highest point of the response surface. From the response surface and the contour plot, the interaction of microwave power and feed liquid ratio has obvious influence on the yield of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide.
Conclusion: the ultrasonic microwave auxiliary extraction method condition of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide is optimized by adopting a response surface method, a regression model of the polysaccharide yield is established, the predicted value of the model accords with the actual value, the model is reliable, and the response surface can better optimize the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide yield.
Taking water as an extracting agent, taking microwave power, ultrasonic power, extraction time and liquid-material ratio as research factors, examining the influence of different process parameters on the yield of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide, and adopting response facial tissue to optimize the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide extraction process. The result shows that the optimal conditions for extracting the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide are as follows: the microwave power is 500W, the ultrasonic power is 270W, the extraction time is 20min, and the feed-liquid ratio is 95:1. And under the condition, the test verification is carried out, and the result is close to the predicted value, so that the optimization result is reliable. In addition, the deproteinized papain has the advantages of economy, rapidness, high efficiency, safety, small sample loss and the like, and the deproteinization is carried out by the papain method, so that the condition is mild, the glycoprotein can be decomposed by the papain, and the glycoprotein can be effectively destroyed. The purification is carried out by adopting a DEAE-52 anion exchange resin column chromatography separation method, so that the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide can be effectively separated and purified, and the purity of the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide reaches 83.35 +/-0.52 percent.
While embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described above, it will be understood that the above embodiments are illustrative and not to be construed as limiting the invention, and that variations, modifications, alternatives and variations may be made to the above embodiments by one of ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. The extraction method for optimizing the pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide by using the response surface method comprises the following steps of:
1) Selecting root-free and leaf-free pagodatree flower bud, soaking the pagodatree flower bud in ethanol solution overnight, and degreasing;
2) Placing the defatted pagodatree flower bud in a 60 ℃ oven until the weight is constant, and sieving the pagodatree flower bud with a 40-120 mesh sieve to obtain pagodatree flower bud powder with different particle sizes;
3) Mixing pagodatree flower bud powder and distilled water according to the proportion of 1:35-1:95, and then adopting ultrasonic waves to assist extraction and centrifugation, wherein the ultrasonic wave power of the mixed solution is 100-500W, the microwave power is 100-600W, and the extraction time is 6-22 min: the rotating speed is 8000r/min, and the centrifuging time is 5min;
4) Cooling the solution at room temperature, centrifuging again, filtering to separate precipitate and supernatant, and collecting supernatant to obtain concentrated solution: the centrifugal speed is 8000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 10min;
5) Deproteinizing the concentrated solution by papain to obtain a supernatant;
the papain deproteinization is to take concentrated solution to make the volume concentration of the solution reach 40-280U/mL of papain, warm-bath 2-h in a constant-temperature water bath kettle at 50 ℃, take out and put into a boiling water bath for 10min for enzyme inactivation, discard precipitation, centrifuge for 10min at 6000rpm/min, and collect supernatant;
6) Placing the supernatant in a dialysis bag, treating with running water, and concentrating; the molecular weight cut-off of the dialysis bag is 3500Da, and the running time is 48 hours;
7) Adding 3-5 times of absolute ethyl alcohol, refrigerating overnight, washing and centrifuging the lower layer sediment with the absolute ethyl alcohol, and freeze-drying to obtain semi-pure pagodatree flower bud polysaccharide: the centrifugal speed is 6000r/min, and the centrifugal time is 5min;
8) Pretreating cotton DEAE-52 cellulose column, loading and eluting semi-pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide to obtain pure flos Sophorae Immaturus polysaccharide;
the DEAE-52 cellulose column pretreatment is carried out by soaking 24. 24h with distilled water, fully swelling, soaking 1.5h with 7.5mol/L NaOH, suction filtering, washing with distilled water to neutrality; soaking 1.5. 1.5h with HCl with the same molar concentration, filtering, washing with distilled water to neutrality for use; the washing liquid is taken off to be 0.1-0.3 mol/L sodium chloride solution 200mL, and the eluting flow rate is 1mL/min.
2. The method for extracting the polysaccharide from the pagodatree flower bud by the response surface method according to claim 1, which is characterized in that:
the particle size of the step 3) is 120 meshes, the liquid-material ratio is 94.995:1, the microwave power is 500W, the ultrasonic power is 265.887W, and the extraction time is 20.078 min.
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