CN116176360A - Electric automobile thermal management system and electric automobile - Google Patents

Electric automobile thermal management system and electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116176360A
CN116176360A CN202310334316.3A CN202310334316A CN116176360A CN 116176360 A CN116176360 A CN 116176360A CN 202310334316 A CN202310334316 A CN 202310334316A CN 116176360 A CN116176360 A CN 116176360A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
way valve
channel
pipe orifice
cooling liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310334316.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
吴飞
沈瑾
周晖
肖国洪
党超
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Songz Automobile Air Conditioning Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Songz Automobile Air Conditioning Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Songz Automobile Air Conditioning Co Ltd filed Critical Songz Automobile Air Conditioning Co Ltd
Priority to CN202310334316.3A priority Critical patent/CN116176360A/en
Publication of CN116176360A publication Critical patent/CN116176360A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
    • B60L58/24—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries
    • B60L58/26—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries for controlling the temperature of batteries by cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K11/00—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units
    • B60K11/02—Arrangement in connection with cooling of propulsion units with liquid cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/625—Vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6567—Liquids
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Abstract

The invention discloses an electric automobile thermal management system and an electric automobile. The system comprises: battery module, electricity drive module, heat pump module, first heat exchanger and second heat exchanger: the heat pump module comprises a first refrigerant channel; the battery module comprises a battery pack and a first cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel through the first heat exchanger; the electric driving module comprises an electric driving unit and a second cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the second cooling liquid channel through a second heat exchanger; the second refrigerant channel is connected with part of the first refrigerant channel in parallel, and the second refrigerant channel is connected with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger in series. Through the scheme, the heat dissipation requirement of the electric drive system can be met, the energy consumption of the thermal management system can be reduced, the energy efficiency ratio of the system is improved, and the cruising ability of the power battery is improved.

Description

Electric automobile thermal management system and electric automobile
Technical Field
The embodiment of the invention relates to the technical field of electric automobiles, in particular to an electric automobile thermal management system and an electric automobile.
Background
The environmental crisis and the energy crisis become global topics and also become sensitive topics for the development of the automobile industry. Under the guidance of new energy policy, electric vehicles rapidly develop, and improving the cruising ability of a power battery is an important technical problem in the electric vehicle technology. To ensure that the battery cell temperature is controlled at an optimal life cycle temperature of 25-35 ℃, professionals in the industry have always placed great importance on the management of thermal energy within the battery pack.
The battery pack heating at the present stage mainly comprises PTC heating and battery pack heating film heating, the PTC heating mode has electric energy secondary conversion, and the whole heat management system has higher energy consumption and lower energy efficiency; in the heating mode of the heating film, the heating film is easy to fall off, and the reliability and the safety of the system are poor.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the present invention provides an electric vehicle thermal management system and an electric vehicle, so as to provide an electric vehicle thermal management system with low energy consumption and safety, and improve the endurance and service life of a power battery.
In a first aspect, an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric automobile thermal management system, including a battery module, an electric drive module, a heat pump module, a first heat exchanger, and a second heat exchanger:
The heat pump module comprises a first refrigerant channel, and the first heat exchanger comprises a first refrigerant circulation area and a first cooling liquid circulation area; the first refrigerant circulation area is positioned in the communication path of the first refrigerant channel; the battery module comprises a battery pack and a first cooling liquid channel, and the battery pack and the first cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the first cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel through the first heat exchanger;
the second heat exchanger comprises a second refrigerant circulation zone and a second cooling liquid circulation zone; the electric driving module comprises an electric driving unit and a second cooling liquid channel, and the electric driving unit and the second cooling liquid circulating area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the second cooling liquid channel;
the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second refrigerant channel, the second refrigerant circulation area is positioned in a communication path of the second refrigerant channel, and cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel through the second heat exchanger; the second refrigerant channel is connected with a part of the first refrigerant channels in parallel, and the second refrigerant channel is connected with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger in series.
In a second aspect, an embodiment of the present invention further provides an electric vehicle, including the electric vehicle thermal management system according to the first aspect of the present invention.
The electric automobile thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the application comprises: battery module, electricity drive module, heat pump module, first heat exchanger and second heat exchanger: the heat pump module comprises a first refrigerant channel, and the first heat exchanger comprises a first refrigerant circulation area and a first cooling liquid circulation area; the first refrigerant circulation area is positioned in the communication path of the first refrigerant channel; the battery module comprises a battery pack and a first cooling liquid channel, and the battery pack and the first cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the first cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel through the first heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger comprises a second refrigerant circulation zone and a second cooling liquid circulation zone; the electric drive module comprises an electric drive unit and a second cooling liquid channel, and the electric drive unit and the second cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the second cooling liquid channel; the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second refrigerant channel, the second refrigerant circulation area is positioned in a communication path of the second refrigerant channel, and cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel through a second heat exchanger; the second refrigerant channel is connected with part of the first refrigerant channel in parallel, and the second refrigerant channel is connected with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger in series. Through the scheme, the cooling effect on the electric drive system can be better by utilizing the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel, the heat dissipation requirement of the electric drive system can be met, the energy consumption of the whole thermal management system can be reduced, the energy efficiency ratio of the thermal management system is improved, and the cruising ability of the power battery is improved. In addition, compared with the installation of the battery pack heating film, the problem of falling of the heating film can be avoided, and the safety of the thermal management system can be ensured.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the drawings and examples. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the structures related to the present invention are shown in the drawings.
Based on the defects of the prior art mentioned in the background art, the embodiment of the invention provides the electric automobile thermal management system, so that the energy consumption of the thermal management system is reduced, and the energy saving effect of the system is improved.
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle thermal management system according to an embodiment of the present invention, and referring to fig. 1, the thermal management system includes: battery module 1, electric drive module 2, heat pump module 3, first heat exchanger 4 and second heat exchanger 5: the heat pump module 3 includes a first refrigerant passage 31, and the first heat exchanger 4 includes a first refrigerant circulation area 41 and a first cooling liquid circulation area 42; the first refrigerant flowing area 41 is located in the communication path of the first refrigerant passage 31; the battery module 1 includes a battery pack 11 and a first coolant passage 12, the battery pack 11 and the first coolant circulation zone 42 being located in the communication path of the first coolant passage 12 in sequence; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel 12 exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel 31 through the first heat exchanger 4; the second heat exchanger 5 includes a second refrigerant circulation zone 51 and a second coolant circulation zone 52; the electric drive module 2 comprises an electric drive unit 21 and a second cooling liquid channel 22, and the electric drive unit 21 and the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the second cooling liquid channel 22; the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second refrigerant channel 6, the second refrigerant circulation area 51 is positioned in the communication path of the second refrigerant channel 6, and the cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel 22 exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel 6 through the second heat exchanger 5; the second refrigerant channel 6 is connected in parallel with a portion of the first refrigerant channel 31, and the second refrigerant channel 6 is connected in series with the first refrigerant flowing area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, the thermal management system is composed of a battery module 1, an electric drive module 2, a heat pump module 3, a first heat exchanger 4, a second refrigerant passage 6, and a second heat exchanger 5. The battery module 1 is provided with a battery pack 11 and a first cooling liquid channel 12, a water inlet and a water outlet of the battery pack 11 are communicated with the first cooling liquid channel 12, and cooling liquid exchanges heat with the battery pack 11 through the battery pack 11 when flowing in the first cooling liquid channel 12 so as to heat or cool the battery pack 11. The heat pump module 3 is provided with a first refrigerant channel 31, the first refrigerant channel 31 is in series connection with the first refrigerant flowing area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4, and the refrigerant passes through the first refrigerant flowing area 41 when flowing in the first refrigerant channel 31. The first cooling fluid circulation zone 42 of the first heat exchanger 4 is located in the first cooling fluid channel 12, and the cooling fluid passing through the first cooling fluid circulation zone 41 exchanges heat with the cooling fluid passing through the first cooling fluid circulation zone 42 at the first heat exchanger 4, so that the temperature of the cooling fluid in the first cooling fluid channel 12 is regulated by the heat pump module 3, and the temperature of the battery pack 11 is regulated. The water inlet end of the first cooling fluid circulation area 42 may be connected to the water outlet of the battery pack 11, and the water outlet end of the first cooling fluid circulation area 42 may be connected to the water inlet of the battery pack 11.
The first cooling liquid channel 12 may be provided with a first water pump 13, a first water tank 14, and the like, the first water tank 14 is used for providing cooling liquid, and the first water pump 13 is used for driving the cooling liquid to flow in the first cooling liquid channel 12. As for the arrangement positions of the first water pump 13 and the first water tank 14, the embodiment of the present application is not limited, and exemplary, the first water pump 13 and the first water tank 14 may be close to the water outlet of the battery pack 11 (i.e., the battery module water outlet E), but not limited thereto. In this arrangement, the circulation path of the coolant in the first coolant channel 12 is the battery module water outlet E, the first water pump 13, the first heat exchanger 4, the battery module water inlet F, and the battery pack 11.
The heat pump module 3 is further provided with a regulating component for regulating the temperature and flow direction of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31, such as a condenser, a compressor, an expansion valve, and the like, and regulates the state of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 under the combined action of the components. The specific setting mode of the heat pump module 3 can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements, the application is not limited to this, and any scheme capable of realizing the adjustment of the refrigerant state is within the scope of the technical scheme protected by the embodiment of the invention.
With continued reference to fig. 1, the electric drive module 2 is provided with an electric drive unit 21 and a second cooling liquid channel 22, and the water inlet and the water outlet of the electric drive unit 21 are communicated with the second cooling liquid channel 22. The electric driving unit 21 can be a motor, an electric control, an electric air compressor and other moving heating components of the electric automobile. It will be appreciated that the electric drive unit 21 generates a certain amount of heat during operation, and the cooling liquid can exchange heat with the electric drive unit 21 when flowing in the second cooling liquid channel 22, so as to dissipate heat from the electric drive unit 21. The water inlet end of the second cooling liquid flowing area 52 may be connected to the water outlet of the electric driving unit 21, and the water outlet end of the second cooling liquid flowing area 52 may be connected to the water inlet of the electric driving unit 21.
The second cooling fluid passage 22 may be provided with a second water pump 23, a second water tank 24, and the like, the second water tank 24 being for supplying cooling fluid, the second water pump 23 being for driving the cooling fluid to flow in the second cooling fluid passage 22. As for the arrangement positions of the second water pump 23 and the second water tank 24, the embodiment of the present application is not limited, and exemplary, the second water pump 23 and the second water tank 24 may be close to the water outlet of the electric drive unit 21 (i.e., the electric drive module water outlet C), but not limited thereto. In this arrangement, the circulation path of the cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel 22 is the electric drive module water outlet C, the second water pump 23, the second heat exchanger 5, the electric drive module water inlet D and the electric drive unit 21.
Further, it should be noted that, in the present application, the second refrigerant channel 6 and the second heat exchanger 5 are further disposed in the thermal management system. The second refrigerant passage 6 is connected in parallel with a part of the first refrigerant passage 31 and then connected in series with the first heat exchanger 4. The parallel arrangement of the second refrigerant channel 6 and a portion of the first refrigerant channel 31 means that two ends of the second refrigerant channel 6 are respectively connected to different positions of the first refrigerant channel 31, so that in a portion of the operation mode of the thermal management system, the refrigerant flowing in the second refrigerant channel 6 can flow into the first refrigerant channel 31, and the refrigerant flowing in the first refrigerant channel 31 can flow into the second refrigerant channel 6. The second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 of the second heat exchanger 5 is provided in the communication path of the second cooling liquid passage 22, and the second cooling medium circulation zone 51 of the second heat exchanger 5 is provided in the communication path of the second cooling medium passage 6. The coolant passing through the second coolant circulation area 52 and the coolant passing through the second coolant circulation area 51 may exchange heat at the second heat exchanger 5.
In this arrangement, when the battery pack 11 needs to be heated, the heat pump module 3 can be controlled to be started, and the second refrigerant channel 6 is controlled to be communicated with the first refrigerant channel 31, so that the system enters the first heating mode. After the heat pump module 3 is started, part of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 is heated and then enters the first refrigerant circulation area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4, so that the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid circulation area 42 is heated. After passing through the first heat exchanger 4, the refrigerant becomes a low-temperature state, part of the low-temperature refrigerant flows into the second refrigerant channel 6, and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel 22 at the second heat exchanger 5 to cool the cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel 22 and further cool the electric drive unit 21. Therefore, the cooling effect on the electric drive system can be better by utilizing the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31, the heat dissipation requirement of the electric drive system can be met, the energy consumption of the whole thermal management system can be reduced, the energy efficiency ratio of the thermal management system is improved, and the cruising ability of the power battery is improved. In addition, compared with the installation of the battery pack heating film, the problem of falling of the heating film can be avoided, and the safety of the thermal management system can be ensured.
It should be noted that in some high temperature environments, it may be necessary to cool the battery pack 11, and the second refrigerant channel 6 may be controlled not to communicate with the first refrigerant channel 31 when cooling the battery pack 11. Meanwhile, the heat pump module 3 is utilized to change the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 into low-temperature refrigerant, and the low-temperature refrigerant is utilized to cool the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel 12, so as to radiate heat of the battery pack 11.
Optionally, the embodiment of the present invention is not limited to the parallel connection point between the second refrigerant channel 6 and the first refrigerant channel 31, and a person skilled in the art can set the parallel connection point according to actual needs, and any mode capable of implementing parallel connection between the second refrigerant channel 6 and the first refrigerant channel 31 and serial connection between the second refrigerant channel and the first heat exchanger 4 is within the scope of the technical solution protected by the embodiment of the present invention.
The first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 5 may be plate heat exchangers, the first refrigerant circulation area 41 and the second refrigerant circulation area 51 may be tube passes of the plate heat exchangers, and the first cooling liquid circulation area 42 and the second cooling liquid circulation area 52 may be shell passes of the plate heat exchangers. The plate heat exchanger has compact structure, simple and convenient installation and higher heat exchange efficiency. Of course, in practical applications, the types of the first heat exchanger 4 and the second heat exchanger 5 are not limited thereto.
The electric automobile thermal management system provided by the embodiment of the application comprises: battery module, electricity drive module, heat pump module, first heat exchanger and second heat exchanger: the heat pump module comprises a first refrigerant channel, and the first heat exchanger comprises a first refrigerant circulation area and a first cooling liquid circulation area; the first refrigerant circulation area is positioned in the communication path of the first refrigerant channel; the battery module comprises a battery pack and a first cooling liquid channel, and the battery pack and the first cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the first cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel through the first heat exchanger; the second heat exchanger comprises a second refrigerant circulation zone and a second cooling liquid circulation zone; the electric drive module comprises an electric drive unit and a second cooling liquid channel, and the electric drive unit and the second cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the second cooling liquid channel; the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second refrigerant channel, the second refrigerant circulation area is positioned in a communication path of the second refrigerant channel, and cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel through a second heat exchanger; the second refrigerant channel is connected with part of the first refrigerant channel in parallel, and the second refrigerant channel is connected with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger in series. Through the scheme, the cooling effect on the electric drive system can be better by utilizing the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel, the heat dissipation requirement of the electric drive system can be met, the energy consumption of the whole thermal management system can be reduced, the energy efficiency ratio of the thermal management system is improved, and the cruising ability of the power battery is improved. In addition, compared with the installation of the battery pack heating film, the problem of falling of the heating film can be avoided, and the safety of the thermal management system can be ensured.
Alternatively, with continued reference to fig. 1, in a possible embodiment, the heat pump module 3 may include a first electronic expansion valve 32, a condenser 33, a four-way valve 34, a gas-liquid separator 35, and a compressor 36; the first heat exchanger 4, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the condenser 33, the gas-liquid separator 35 and the compressor 36 are sequentially located in the communication path of the first refrigerant passage 31; the four-way valve 34 includes a first orifice a, a second orifice b, a third orifice c, and a fourth orifice d, the first orifice a being in communication with the first refrigerant flow region 41 of the first heat exchanger 4, the second orifice b being in communication with the compressor 36, the third orifice c being in communication with the condenser 33, the fourth orifice d being in communication with the gas-liquid separator 35.
Specifically, the heat pump module 3 may be constituted by a first electronic expansion valve 32, a condenser 33, a four-way valve 34, a gas-liquid separator 35, and a compressor 36, which are communicated through a first refrigerant passage 31. The first to fourth nozzles a to d of the four-way valve 34 are respectively connected to the first heat exchanger 4, the compressor 36, the condenser 33, and the gas-liquid separator 35. The first heat exchanger 4, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the condenser 33, the four-way valve 34, the gas-liquid separator 35, the compressor 36 and the four-way valve 34 are sequentially communicated. In the first heating mode, the first orifice a and the second orifice b of the four-way valve 34 are controlled to be communicated, and the third orifice c and the fourth orifice d of the four-way valve 34 are controlled to be communicated. The circulation paths of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant passage 31 are a compressor 36, a second nozzle b and a first nozzle a of the four-way valve 34, the first heat exchanger 4, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the condenser 33, a third nozzle c and a fourth nozzle d of the four-way valve 34, a gas-liquid separator 35, and the compressor 36. The compressor 36 sucks in a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, compresses the refrigerant to become a high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant, and the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant enters the first heat exchanger 4 to heat the coolant in the battery module 1 at the first heat exchanger 4. After passing through the first heat exchanger 4, the first electronic expansion valve 32 and the condenser 33, the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant is changed into a low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant, and the low-temperature and low-pressure refrigerant in the gas state passes through the gas-liquid separator 35 to reenter the compressor 36 and circulate the above flow.
The heat pump module 3 may further be provided with a liquid viewing mirror 37 and a drying filter 38, where the liquid viewing mirror 37 and the drying filter 38 are sequentially located between the first electronic expansion valve 32 and the condenser 33, the drying filter 38 may be used to filter impurities in the channel, and the liquid viewing mirror 37 may be used to realize visual observation of the refrigerant liquid level.
Alternatively, with continued reference to fig. 1, in a possible embodiment, the first refrigerant channel 31 may include a first parallel node a and a second parallel node B, and two ends of the second refrigerant channel 6 are respectively communicated with the first parallel node a and the second parallel node B; the first parallel node a is located in a communication path between the first heat exchanger 4 and the first electronic expansion valve 32, and the second parallel node B is located in a communication path between the fourth port d of the four-way valve 34 and the gas-liquid separator 35.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a first parallel node a and a second parallel node B may be disposed in the first refrigerant channel 31, and both ends of the second refrigerant channel 6 are connected to the first parallel node a and the second parallel node B, respectively. In the first heating mode, the first refrigerant passage 31 and the second refrigerant passage 6 communicate through the first parallel node a and the second parallel node B.
In this embodiment, the first parallel node a may be disposed between the first refrigerant flowing area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4 and the first electronic expansion valve 32. The refrigerant flowing out of the first heat exchanger 4 enters the second refrigerant channel 6 partially through the first parallel joint A, and enters the condenser 33 in the first refrigerant channel 31 partially. The second parallel node B may be disposed between the fourth port d of the four-way valve 34 and the gas-liquid separator 35, and the refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel 6 flows into the first refrigerant channel 31 through the second parallel node B, and then flows into the gas-liquid separator 35.
Of course, in other embodiments not shown, the arrangement of the first parallel node a and the second parallel node B is not limited thereto, and for example, the second parallel node B may be disposed between the condenser 33 and the four-way valve 34, etc., and the present invention will not be described in detail for other optional cases.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 1, the thermal management system may further include a second electronic expansion valve 9, where the second electronic expansion valve 9 is disposed in a communication path between the first parallel node a and the second refrigerant flow region 51 of the second heat exchanger 5.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a second electronic expansion valve 9 is disposed in the second refrigerant channel 6, and the second electronic expansion valve 9 is located in the second refrigerant channel 6 and between the first parallel node a and the second refrigerant circulation zone 51 of the second heat exchanger 5. When the second electronic expansion valve 9 is opened, the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 can flow into the second refrigerant channel 6 through the first parallel node a, and the refrigerant flowing into the second refrigerant channel 6 is collected into the first refrigerant channel 31 through the second parallel node B; when the second electronic expansion valve 9 is closed, the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 cannot flow into the second refrigerant channel 6 through the first parallel node a, and the refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel 6 cannot flow into the first refrigerant channel 31.
Optionally, with continued reference to FIG. 1, in an alternative embodiment, the thermal management system may further include an ambient temperature sensor 7 and a first temperature sensor 8; an ambient temperature sensor 7 is disposed on a housing (not shown in the figure) of the thermal management system of the electric vehicle, for detecting a current ambient temperature; the first temperature sensor 8 is installed in a communication path between the first coolant circulation zone 42 and the battery module water inlet F for detecting the battery module coolant temperature.
Specifically, the ambient temperature sensor 7 may be provided in a housing (not shown in the drawings) of the thermal management system, but not limited thereto, the ambient temperature sensor 7 mainly serves to detect the current ambient temperature, and the ambient temperature sensor 7 may be provided in any position capable of accurately detecting the ambient temperature.
Further, in the present embodiment, the first temperature sensor 8 is located between the water outlet end of the first coolant circulation zone 42 and the battery module water inlet F (or the water inlet of the battery pack 11). As such, the first temperature sensor 8 may detect the battery module coolant temperature, which may be the temperature of the coolant flowing out of the first heat exchanger 4 (i.e., the temperature of the coolant flowing into the battery module 1). And the working state of the thermal management system can be adjusted according to the temperature of the battery module cooling liquid and the current ambient temperature. Illustratively, when the current ambient temperature and the battery module coolant temperature are both low, the system may be controlled to enter a first heating mode to heat the battery module 1 with the heat pump module 3 in order to maintain the battery operating properly. Wherein the black solid arrow on the first coolant channel 12 indicates the flow direction of the coolant.
Optionally, in a possible embodiment, the thermal management system may further include a controller (not shown in the figure) electrically connected to the ambient temperature sensor 7, the first temperature sensor 8, the four-way valve 34, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the second electronic expansion valve 9, the compressor 36 and the condenser 33, respectively; when the current ambient temperature is less than or equal to a preset ambient temperature value and the battery module cooling liquid temperature is less than or equal to a first cooling liquid temperature, the controller controls the first pipe orifice a and the second pipe orifice b of the four-way valve 34 to be communicated, the third pipe orifice c and the fourth pipe orifice d of the four-way valve 34 to be communicated, and simultaneously controls the first electronic expansion valve 32, the second electronic expansion valve 9, the compressor 36 and the condenser 33 to be sequentially started so as to enter a first heating mode; in the first heating mode, part of the refrigerant sequentially circulates in the first refrigerant channel 31 through the first refrigerant circulation area 41, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the condenser 33, the third pipe orifice c of the four-way valve 34, the fourth pipe orifice d of the four-way valve 34, the gas-liquid separator 35, the compressor 36, the second pipe orifice b of the four-way valve 34 and the first pipe orifice a of the four-way valve 34; part of the refrigerant flows into the second refrigerant channel 6 after being split by the first parallel node A, and the refrigerant flowing into the second refrigerant channel 6 flows into the first refrigerant channel 31 through the second parallel node B after sequentially passing through the second electronic expansion valve 9 and the second refrigerant flowing area 51 of the second heat exchanger 5.
Specifically, a controller (not shown in the figure) is further disposed in the thermal management system, and the controller is used as a main control element of the thermal management system and is electrically connected with the environmental temperature sensor 7, the first temperature sensor 8, the four-way valve 34, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the second electronic expansion valve 9, the compressor 36, the condenser 33 and other electric control components respectively. The controller may receive the current ambient temperature detected by the ambient temperature sensor 7 and the battery module coolant temperature detected by the first temperature sensor 8. And when the current ambient temperature is smaller than or equal to a preset ambient temperature value and the temperature of the battery module cooling liquid is smaller than or equal to the first cooling liquid temperature, the controller outputs an electric signal to the four-way valve 34 to control the four-way valve 34 to be electrified, after the four-way valve 34 is electrified, the first pipe orifice a and the second pipe orifice b of the four-way valve 34 are communicated, and the third pipe orifice c and the fourth pipe orifice d are communicated. While the controller controls the first electronic expansion valve 32, the second electronic expansion valve 9, the compressor 36 and the condenser 33 to be sequentially activated so that the thermal management system enters the first heating mode. In the first heating mode, the second refrigerant channel 6 is communicated with the first refrigerant channel 31, the refrigerant flowing out of the first refrigerant flowing region 41 is separated at the first parallel joint point a, and part of the refrigerant enters the first refrigerant channel 31 where the first electronic expansion valve 32 is located, and part of the refrigerant enters the second refrigerant channel 6 where the second electronic expansion valve 9 is located. The refrigerant introduced into the first refrigerant passage 31 through the first electronic expansion valve 32 flows through the first electronic expansion valve 32, the condenser 33, the third port c of the four-way valve 34, and the fourth port d of the four-way valve 34 in this order to reach the second parallel node B. The refrigerant entering the second refrigerant channel 6 via the second electronic expansion valve 9 passes through the second electronic expansion valve 9 and the second heat exchanger 5 in sequence to reach the second parallel node B. The refrigerant flowing into the second parallel node B along the two flow paths continues to flow along the communication directions of the gas-liquid separator 35, the compressor 36, the second pipe orifice B of the four-way valve 34, the first pipe orifice a of the four-way valve 34 and the first heat exchanger 4, so that the circulation of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 and the second refrigerant channel 6 is realized.
The preset environmental temperature value and the specific value of the first cooling liquid temperature can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements, and the invention is not repeated and limited. For example, the preset ambient temperature value may be-10 ℃, and the first cooling liquid temperature may be 45 ℃, but is not limited thereto.
In other possible embodiments, the thermal management system may further comprise a second temperature sensor 15, the second temperature sensor 15 may be arranged between the water outlet of the battery pack 11 and the first heat exchanger 4. The second temperature sensor 15 may be used to detect the temperature of the coolant flowing into the first heat exchanger 4.
Optionally, with continued reference to fig. 1, in a possible embodiment, the thermal management system may further include a radiator 16, a third coolant channel 17, a first three-way valve 18, and a second three-way valve 19, the radiator 16 being located in the communication path of the third coolant channel 17; the first three-way valve 18 comprises a fifth pipe orifice e, a sixth pipe orifice f and a seventh pipe orifice g, the fifth pipe orifice e is communicated with the electric drive module water outlet C, the sixth pipe orifice f is communicated with one end of the third cooling liquid channel 17, and the seventh pipe orifice g is communicated with the water inlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 of the second heat exchanger 5; the second three-way valve 19 includes an eighth nozzle h, a ninth nozzle i, and a tenth nozzle j, the eighth nozzle h being in communication with the electric drive module water inlet D, and the seventh nozzle g being in communication with the water outlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52, the tenth nozzle j being in communication with the other end of the third cooling liquid passage 17.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, a third coolant passage 17, a radiator 16, a first three-way valve 18, and a second three-way valve 19 are also provided in the thermal management system. The third coolant channel 17, the radiator 16, the first three-way valve 18 and the second three-way valve 19 constitute an electric drive thermal management module for adjusting the temperature of the electric drive module 2 in certain operating states of the thermal management system. It can be understood that, in general, the heat generated by the electric driving module 2 is greater than the heat generated by the battery module 1, and in the operation process of the electric vehicle, there may be a situation that the battery module 1 is not required to be heated, but the electric driving module 2 is required to be cooled, at this time, the electric driving thermal management module can be controlled to be started, the electric driving thermal management module cools the electric driving module 2, and the second refrigerant channel 6 is not used to cool the electric driving module 2.
Wherein, the third cooling liquid channel 17 can be arranged in parallel with the second heat exchanger 5, two ends of the third cooling liquid channel 17 are respectively communicated with the second cooling liquid channel 22 through a first three-way valve 18 and a second three-way valve 19, and the radiator 16 is arranged in the communication path of the third cooling liquid channel 17. Specifically, the first three-way valve 18 may be disposed between the water outlet of the electric drive unit 21 and the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 of the second heat exchanger 5, and the second three-way valve 19 may be disposed between the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 of the second heat exchanger 5 and the water inlet of the electric drive unit 21. In other words, the first three-way valve 18 may be disposed upstream of the second heat exchanger 5 and the second three-way valve 19 may be disposed downstream of the second heat exchanger 5 in the flow direction (the direction indicated by the hollow arrow) of the coolant in the second coolant passage 22.
Further, a fifth pipe orifice e of the first three-way valve 18 is communicated with the electric drive module water outlet C, a sixth pipe orifice f is communicated with one end of the third cooling liquid channel 17, and a seventh pipe orifice g is communicated with the water inlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52 of the second heat exchanger 5. The eighth nozzle h of the second three-way valve 19 is connected to the water inlet D of the electric drive module, the seventh nozzle g is connected to the water outlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone 52, and the tenth nozzle j is connected to the other end of the third cooling liquid channel 17.
Thus, when the radiator 16 is used to cool the electric drive module 2, the fifth orifice e and the sixth orifice f of the first three-way valve 18 are controlled to communicate, and the eighth orifice h and the tenth orifice j of the second three-way valve 19 are controlled to communicate. The circulation paths of the coolant in the first coolant passage 12 and the third coolant passage 17 are the electric drive unit 21, the first water pump 13, the first three-way valve 18, the radiator 16, the second three-way valve 19, and the electric drive unit 21. The cooling liquid flows to the electric drive unit 21 after being cooled at the radiator 16, and then exchanges heat with the electric drive unit 21.
The thermal management system may further include a condensing fan 20, where the condensing fan 20 is disposed near one side of the radiator 16 to cool the radiator 16. The first three-way valve 18 and/or the second three-way valve 19 may be electronic three-way valves.
Optionally, an electric driving water temperature sensor 25 and an electric driving water temperature sensor 26 may be disposed in the electric driving module 2, and the electric driving water temperature sensor 25 is located between the electric driving unit 21 and the first three-way valve 18, and may specifically be disposed between the electric driving unit 21 and the electric driving module water outlet C; the electric drive water temperature sensor 26 may be disposed between the water inlet of the electric drive unit 21 and the second three-way valve 19, and in particular may be disposed between the electric drive module water inlet C and the second three-way valve 19, and the control unit in the electric drive module 2 may determine the electric drive unit temperature according to the temperature values detected by the electric drive water temperature sensor 25 and the electric drive water temperature sensor 26, and send an electric drive cooling request to the controller when the electric drive unit temperature is greater than or equal to the preset electric drive unit temperature. The controller adjusts the working state of the thermal management system according to the electric drive cooling request, and ensures that the thermal management system meets the refrigeration requirement of the electric drive module 2.
Illustratively, in an alternative embodiment, the controller may be further electrically connected to the first three-way valve 18 and the second three-way valve 19, and the controller is further configured to control the eighth nozzle h and the tenth nozzle j of the second three-way valve 19 to communicate, and the fifth nozzle e and the sixth nozzle f of the first three-way valve 18 to communicate when the electric drive unit temperature is greater than or equal to the preset electric drive unit temperature, so as to enter the first cooling mode; in the first cooling mode, the coolant circulates in the second coolant passage 22 through the electric drive module water outlet C, the fifth orifice e of the first three-way valve 18, the sixth orifice f of the first three-way valve 18, the radiator 16, the tenth orifice j of the second three-way valve 19, the eighth orifice h of the second three-way valve 19, the electric drive module water inlet D, and the electric drive unit 21 in this order.
Specifically, when the controller receives the electric drive cooling request sent by the electric drive module 2 (i.e. the temperature of the electric drive unit is greater than or equal to the preset temperature of the electric drive unit), it determines that the electric drive module 2 has a refrigeration requirement, so as to control the communication between the fifth pipe orifice e and the sixth pipe orifice f of the first three-way valve 18, the communication between the eighth pipe orifice h and the tenth pipe orifice j of the second three-way valve 19, and simultaneously control the synchronous start of the second water pump 23 and the radiator 16, so as to enter the first refrigeration mode. In the first cooling mode, the third cooling liquid channel 17 is communicated with the second cooling liquid channel 22, and the cooling liquid circularly flows along the communication direction of the electric drive unit 21, the first water pump 13, the first three-way valve 18, the radiator 16 and the second three-way valve 19, so that the radiator 16 is used for cooling the electric drive module 2.
Optionally, in a possible embodiment, the controller may be further configured to control the eighth nozzle h of the second three-way valve 19 to communicate with the ninth nozzle i and the fifth nozzle e of the first three-way valve 18 to communicate with the seventh nozzle g to enter the first heating mode when the current ambient temperature is less than or equal to the preset ambient temperature value and the battery module coolant temperature is less than or equal to the first coolant temperature; in the first heating mode, the coolant circulates in the second coolant passage 22 through the electric drive module water outlet C, the fifth orifice e of the first three-way valve 18, the seventh orifice g of the first three-way valve 18, the second coolant circulation area 52 of the second heat exchanger 5, the ninth orifice i of the second three-way valve 19, the eighth orifice h of the second three-way valve 19, the electric drive module water inlet D, and the electric drive unit 21 in this order.
Specifically, when the third coolant passage 17 connected in parallel with the second heat exchanger 5 is provided in the thermal management system, the controller may further control communication between the eighth and ninth nozzles h and i of the second three-way valve 19 when the current ambient temperature is less than or equal to the preset ambient temperature value and the battery module coolant temperature is less than or equal to the first coolant temperature, so as to ensure that the coolant in the second coolant passage 22 can flow into the second coolant circulation zone 52 in the first heating mode.
When the fifth orifice e of the first three-way valve 18 communicates with the seventh orifice g and the eighth orifice h of the second three-way valve 19 communicates with the ninth orifice i, the coolant flowing out of the electric drive unit 21 no longer flows into the third coolant passage 17, but flows into the second heat exchanger 5 through the first three-way valve 18, flows out of the second heat exchanger 5, flows back to the electric drive unit 21 through the second three-way valve 19, and circulates in this path.
Alternatively, the above embodiment describes the operation of the thermal management system when there is a temperature increase demand on the battery module 1. In some running states of the electric automobile, the temperature of the battery may be higher than the normal working temperature, and accordingly, in the embodiment of the application, the heat pump system can be controlled to cool the battery module 1 when the battery module 1 has a cooling requirement.
Illustratively, the controller may be further configured to control the first port a and the fourth port d of the four-way valve 34 to communicate when the temperature of the battery module coolant is greater than or equal to the second coolant temperature, and the second port b and the third port c of the four-way valve 34 to communicate, and simultaneously control the condenser 33, the first electronic expansion valve 32, and the compressor 36 to be sequentially started, and control the second electronic expansion valve 9 to be closed to enter the second cooling mode; in the second cooling mode, the refrigerant in the first refrigerant passage 31 circulates through the compressor 36, the second nozzle b of the four-way valve 34, the third nozzle c of the four-way valve 34, the condenser 33, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the first refrigerant circulation area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4, the first nozzle a of the four-way valve 34, the fourth nozzle d of the four-way valve 34, and the gas-liquid separator 35 in this order.
Specifically, when the controller obtains that the battery module coolant temperature is greater than or equal to the second coolant temperature, it indicates that the battery temperature is high. At this time, the controller may control the four-way valve 34 to be powered off, and when the four-way valve 34 is powered off, the first pipe orifice a and the fourth pipe orifice d of the four-way valve 34 are communicated, and the second pipe orifice b and the third pipe orifice c are communicated. Simultaneously, the controller controls the condenser 33, the first electronic expansion valve 32 and the compressor 36 to be started in sequence, the first water pump 13 is started, the second electronic expansion valve 9 is closed, and the system enters a second refrigeration mode, and in the second refrigeration mode, the heat pump module 3 is used for cooling the battery module 1.
In the second cooling mode, the refrigerant flows only in the first refrigerant passage 31. The refrigerant circulates in the first refrigerant passage 31 in the direction in which the compressor 36, the second nozzle b of the four-way valve 34, the third nozzle c of the four-way valve 34, the condenser 33, the first electronic expansion valve 32, the first refrigerant circulation area 41 of the first heat exchanger 4, the first nozzle a of the four-way valve 34, the fourth nozzle d of the four-way valve 34, and the gas-liquid separator 35 communicate. The low-temperature low-pressure refrigerant condensed by the condenser 33 enters the first heat exchanger 4, and exchanges heat with the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel 12 at the first heat exchanger 4 to cool the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel 12.
The specific value of the second cooling liquid temperature can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements, and the invention is not repeated and limited. The second cooling liquid temperature may be, but is not limited to, 15 c, for example.
In this embodiment of the application, through setting up the cross valve 34, the refrigeration demand or the heating demand of battery module 1 under the usable heat pump module 3 realization different ambient temperature guarantees that the battery can all maintain at normal operating temperature under the different ambient temperature.
Optionally, with continued reference to FIG. 1, in a possible embodiment, the thermal management system may further include a first return air temperature sensor 61, a second return air temperature sensor 62, and a low pressure sensor 63; the first return air temperature sensor 61 is disposed in the first refrigerant channel 31, and is configured to detect a first return air temperature of the first refrigerant channel 31; the second return air temperature sensor 62 is disposed in the second refrigerant channel 6 and is configured to detect a second return air temperature of the second refrigerant channel 6; a low pressure sensor 63 is provided in the communication path of the second parallel node B with the gas-liquid separator 35 for detecting the current low pressure of the thermal management system.
Specifically, in the present embodiment, the first return air temperature sensor 61, the second return air temperature sensor 62, and the low pressure sensor 63 may also be provided in the thermal management system. A first return air temperature sensor 61 may be provided between the first heat exchanger 4 and the second parallel node B to detect a return air temperature in the first refrigerant passage 31, i.e., a first return air temperature. A second return air temperature sensor 62 may be disposed between the second heat exchanger 5 and the second parallel node B to detect a return air temperature in the second refrigerant passage 6, i.e., a second return air temperature. The low pressure sensor 63 may be disposed between the second parallel node B and the gas-liquid separator 35, but is not limited thereto, and the low pressure sensor 63 may be used to detect the current low pressure of the thermal management system.
For example, with continued reference to fig. 1, the thermal management system may still include a controller (not shown) electrically connected to the first return air temperature sensor 61, the second return air temperature sensor 62, and the low pressure sensor 63, respectively, the controller determining a first return air superheat of the first refrigerant channel 31 based on the first return air temperature and the current low pressure, and determining a second return air superheat of the second refrigerant channel 6 based on the second return air temperature and the current low pressure; the controller is further configured to adjust the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 32 and the second electronic expansion valve 9 according to the first air return superheat degree and the second air return superheat degree.
Specifically, the air return superheat degree in the refrigerant channel can be determined according to the current low pressure and the air return temperature of the system, wherein the air return superheat degree refers to the difference between the superheat temperature and the saturation temperature of the refrigerant under a certain evaporation pressure in the refrigerant flowing channel. In general, the degree of superheat of the return air is equal to the difference in temperature values of the return air temperature and the low pressure. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the amount of superheat in the return air is related to the operating state of the thermal management system. In the working process of the thermal management system, the superheat degree of the return air is controlled to be kept within the preset superheat degree range of the return air, so that the low pressure of the system is kept within a proper range, and the heat pump module 3 is ensured to work normally in a low-temperature environment. Therefore, in the embodiment of the present application, the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve 32 and the second electronic expansion valve 9 can be adjusted according to the values of the first air return superheat degree and the second air return superheat degree, so as to adjust the flow of the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel 31 and the second refrigerant channel 6, and ensure that the low pressure of the system is within the normal range.
In the embodiment of the present application, when the second air return superheat degree meets the preset air return superheat degree range in the first heating mode, the controller may control the second electronic expansion valve 9 to be opened, so that the refrigerant flows through the first refrigerant channel 31 and the second refrigerant channel 6 at the same time, and the refrigerant may be used to cool the electric drive module 2 and also may be used to regulate the low pressure of the whole system. Correspondingly, the controller can also control the second electronic expansion valve 9 to be closed when the second return air superheat degree exceeds the preset return air superheat degree range, so that the heat pump module 3 can be ensured to normally operate.
The specific value of the preset return air superheat range can be set by a person skilled in the art according to actual requirements, and the invention is not repeated and limited.
Alternatively, with continued reference to fig. 1, in a possible embodiment, the battery module 1 further includes a PTC heater 10 therein, the PTC heater 10 being disposed upstream of the battery pack 11 in the flow direction of the coolant.
Specifically, as shown in fig. 1, in the embodiment of the present application, a PTC heater 10 may be provided in the battery module 1, and the PTC heater 10 may be provided between the water inlet of the battery pack 11 and the first cooling liquid circulation region 42 of the first heat exchanger 4. The PTC heater 10 can be started when the temperature of the battery cell is lower than the lowest temperature of the battery cell, and the first heat exchanger 4 heats the cooling liquid at the side of the battery pack 11 at the same time, so that the battery temperature is ensured to be maintained within a reasonable range.
The PTC heater 10 can ensure that the battery temperature is still kept within a reasonable temperature range in extremely cold environments, and further improves the battery endurance. The starting temperature of the PTC heater 10 can be set by those skilled in the art according to actual requirements, and the present invention is not limited to this.
The electric vehicle thermal management system provided in the present application may further include any component known to those skilled in the art, such as the high pressure sensor 64, but is not limited thereto, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto or described in detail.
Based on the same inventive concept, the embodiment of the invention also provides an electric automobile, which comprises the battery thermal management system. The electric automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention comprises all technical features and corresponding beneficial effects of the electric automobile thermal management system provided by any embodiment of the invention, and the details are not repeated here.
The electric automobile provided by the embodiment of the invention can also comprise any structure known to a person skilled in the art, and the application is not repeated and limited.
Note that the above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and the technical principle applied. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the particular embodiments described herein, and that various obvious changes, rearrangements, combinations, and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention. Therefore, while the invention has been described in connection with the above embodiments, the invention is not limited to the embodiments, but may be embodied in many other equivalent forms without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention, which is set forth in the following claims.

Claims (14)

1. The electric automobile thermal management system is characterized by comprising a battery module, an electric drive module, a heat pump module, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger:
The heat pump module comprises a first refrigerant channel, and the first heat exchanger comprises a first refrigerant circulation area and a first cooling liquid circulation area; the first refrigerant circulation area is positioned in the communication path of the first refrigerant channel; the battery module comprises a battery pack and a first cooling liquid channel, and the battery pack and the first cooling liquid circulation area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the first cooling liquid channel; the cooling liquid in the first cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the cooling medium in the first cooling medium channel through the first heat exchanger;
the second heat exchanger comprises a second refrigerant circulation zone and a second cooling liquid circulation zone; the electric driving module comprises an electric driving unit and a second cooling liquid channel, and the electric driving unit and the second cooling liquid circulating area are sequentially positioned in a communication path of the second cooling liquid channel;
the electric automobile thermal management system further comprises a second refrigerant channel, the second refrigerant circulation area is positioned in a communication path of the second refrigerant channel, and cooling liquid in the second cooling liquid channel exchanges heat with the refrigerant in the second refrigerant channel through the second heat exchanger; the second refrigerant channel is connected with a part of the first refrigerant channels in parallel, and the second refrigerant channel is connected with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger in series.
2. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, wherein the heat pump module comprises a first electronic expansion valve, a condenser, a four-way valve, a gas-liquid separator, and a compressor; the first heat exchanger, the first electronic expansion valve, the condenser, the gas-liquid separator and the compressor are sequentially positioned in the communication path of the first refrigerant channel;
the four-way valve comprises a first pipe orifice, a second pipe orifice, a third pipe orifice and a fourth pipe orifice, wherein the first pipe orifice is communicated with the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger, the second pipe orifice is communicated with the compressor, the third pipe orifice is communicated with the condenser, and the fourth pipe orifice is communicated with the gas-liquid separator.
3. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 2, wherein the first coolant channel comprises a first parallel node and a second parallel node, and both ends of the second coolant channel are respectively communicated with the first parallel node and the second parallel node;
the first parallel node is located in a communication path between the first heat exchanger and the first electronic expansion valve, and the second parallel node is located in a communication path between the fourth pipe orifice of the four-way valve and the gas-liquid separator.
4. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 3, further comprising a second electronic expansion valve disposed in a communication path between the first parallel node and the second refrigerant flow region of the second heat exchanger.
5. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 4, further comprising an ambient temperature sensor and a first temperature sensor; the environment temperature sensor is arranged on the shell of the electric automobile thermal management system and is used for detecting the current environment temperature; the first temperature sensor is arranged in a communication path between the first cooling liquid circulation area and the water inlet of the battery module, and is used for detecting the temperature of cooling liquid of the battery module.
6. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 5, further comprising a radiator, a third coolant channel, a first three-way valve, and a second three-way valve, the radiator being located in a communication path of the third coolant channel;
the first three-way valve comprises a fifth pipe orifice, a sixth pipe orifice and a seventh pipe orifice, the fifth pipe orifice is communicated with a water outlet of the electric drive module, the sixth pipe orifice is communicated with one end of the third cooling liquid channel, and the seventh pipe orifice is communicated with a water inlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone of the second heat exchanger;
The second three-way valve comprises an eighth pipe orifice, a ninth pipe orifice and a tenth pipe orifice, wherein the eighth pipe orifice is communicated with the water inlet of the electric drive module, the seventh pipe orifice is communicated with the water outlet end of the second cooling liquid circulation zone, and the tenth pipe orifice is communicated with the other end of the third cooling liquid channel.
7. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 4, further comprising a first return air temperature sensor, a second return air temperature sensor, and a low pressure sensor; the first return air temperature sensor is arranged in the first refrigerant channel and is used for detecting the first return air temperature of the first refrigerant channel; the second return air temperature sensor is arranged in the second refrigerant channel and is used for detecting the second return air temperature of the second refrigerant channel; the low pressure sensor is arranged in a communication path between the second parallel node and the gas-liquid separator and is used for detecting the current low pressure of the thermal management system.
8. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 1, further comprising a PTC heater within the battery module, the PTC heater disposed upstream of the battery pack in a direction of flow of the cooling fluid.
9. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 6, further comprising a controller electrically connected to the ambient temperature sensor, the first temperature sensor, the four-way valve, the first electronic expansion valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the compressor, and the condenser, respectively;
when the current ambient temperature is smaller than or equal to a preset ambient temperature value and the battery module cooling liquid temperature is smaller than or equal to a first cooling liquid temperature, the controller controls the first pipe orifice and the second pipe orifice of the four-way valve to be communicated, the third pipe orifice and the fourth pipe orifice of the four-way valve to be communicated, and simultaneously controls the first electronic expansion valve, the second electronic expansion valve, the compressor and the condenser to be sequentially started so as to enter a first heating mode;
in the first heating mode, part of refrigerant sequentially circulates in the first refrigerant channel through the first refrigerant circulation area, the first electronic expansion valve, the condenser, the third pipe orifice of the four-way valve, the fourth pipe orifice of the four-way valve, the gas-liquid separator, the compressor, the second pipe orifice of the four-way valve and the first pipe orifice of the four-way valve; and part of refrigerant flows into the second refrigerant channel after being split by the first parallel node, and the refrigerant flowing into the second refrigerant channel flows into the first refrigerant channel by the second parallel node after sequentially passing through the second electronic expansion valve and the second refrigerant flowing area of the second heat exchanger.
10. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to control the eighth nozzle of the second three-way valve to communicate with the ninth nozzle and the fifth nozzle of the first three-way valve to communicate with the seventh nozzle to enter the first heating mode when the current ambient temperature is less than or equal to a preset ambient temperature value and the battery module coolant temperature is less than or equal to a first coolant temperature;
in the first heating mode, the cooling liquid sequentially circulates in the second cooling liquid channel through the electric drive module water outlet, the fifth pipe orifice of the first three-way valve, the seventh pipe orifice of the first three-way valve, the second cooling liquid circulation area of the second heat exchanger, the ninth pipe orifice of the second three-way valve, the eighth pipe orifice of the second three-way valve, the electric drive module water inlet and the electric drive unit.
11. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 10, wherein the controller is further electrically connected to the first three-way valve and the second three-way valve, the controller is further configured to control the eighth nozzle and the tenth nozzle of the second three-way valve to communicate when the electric drive unit temperature is greater than or equal to a preset electric drive unit temperature, and the fifth nozzle of the first three-way valve communicates with the sixth nozzle to enter a first cooling mode;
In the first refrigeration mode, the cooling liquid sequentially circulates in the second cooling liquid channel through the electric drive module water outlet, the fifth pipe orifice of the first three-way valve, the sixth pipe orifice of the first three-way valve, the radiator, the tenth pipe orifice of the second three-way valve, the eighth pipe orifice of the second three-way valve, the electric drive module water inlet and the electric drive unit.
12. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 9, wherein the controller is further configured to control the first orifice and the fourth orifice of the four-way valve to communicate when the battery module coolant temperature is greater than or equal to a second coolant temperature, the second orifice and the third orifice of the four-way valve to communicate while controlling the condenser, the first electronic expansion valve, and the compressor to sequentially start, and control the second electronic expansion valve to close to enter a second cooling mode;
in the second refrigeration mode, the refrigerant in the first refrigerant channel sequentially circulates through the compressor, the second pipe orifice of the four-way valve, the third pipe orifice of the four-way valve, the condenser, the first electronic expansion valve, the first refrigerant circulation area of the first heat exchanger, the first pipe orifice of the four-way valve, the fourth pipe orifice of the four-way valve and the gas-liquid separator.
13. The electric vehicle thermal management system of claim 7, further comprising a controller electrically connected to the first return air temperature sensor, the second return air temperature sensor, and the low pressure sensor, respectively, the controller determining a first return air superheat of the first refrigerant channel based on the first return air temperature and the current low pressure, and determining a second return air superheat of the second refrigerant channel based on the second return air temperature and the current low pressure;
the controller is also used for adjusting the opening degrees of the first electronic expansion valve and the second electronic expansion valve according to the first air return superheat degree and the second air return superheat degree.
14. An electric vehicle characterized by comprising an electric vehicle thermal management system according to any one of the preceding claims 1-13.
CN202310334316.3A 2023-03-30 2023-03-30 Electric automobile thermal management system and electric automobile Pending CN116176360A (en)

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CN202310334316.3A CN116176360A (en) 2023-03-30 2023-03-30 Electric automobile thermal management system and electric automobile

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