CN116174190A - Rainfall simulation device - Google Patents
Rainfall simulation device Download PDFInfo
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- CN116174190A CN116174190A CN202310416563.8A CN202310416563A CN116174190A CN 116174190 A CN116174190 A CN 116174190A CN 202310416563 A CN202310416563 A CN 202310416563A CN 116174190 A CN116174190 A CN 116174190A
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- rainfall
- spray head
- head group
- window
- spray
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B9/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour
- B05B9/03—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material
- B05B9/04—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump
- B05B9/0403—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent material, without essentially mixing with gas or vapour characterised by means for supplying liquid or other fluent material with pressurised or compressible container; with pump with pumps for liquids or other fluent material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B12/00—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area
- B05B12/08—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means
- B05B12/085—Arrangements for controlling delivery; Arrangements for controlling the spray area responsive to condition of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged, of ambient medium or of target ; responsive to condition of spray devices or of supply means, e.g. pipes, pumps or their drive means responsive to flow or pressure of liquid or other fluent material to be discharged
- B05B12/087—Flow or presssure regulators, i.e. non-electric unitary devices comprising a sensing element, e.g. a piston or a membrane, and a controlling element, e.g. a valve
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B14/00—Arrangements for collecting, re-using or eliminating excess spraying material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B15/00—Details of spraying plant or spraying apparatus not otherwise provided for; Accessories
- B05B15/60—Arrangements for mounting, supporting or holding spraying apparatus
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B3/00—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements
- B05B3/02—Spraying or sprinkling apparatus with moving outlet elements or moving deflecting elements with rotating elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A90/00—Technologies having an indirect contribution to adaptation to climate change
- Y02A90/10—Information and communication technologies [ICT] supporting adaptation to climate change, e.g. for weather forecasting or climate simulation
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- Nozzles (AREA)
- Spray Control Apparatus (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a rainfall simulation device, which comprises a support frame, a rainfall machine bottom bracket and a rainfall machine; the rainfall machine bottom support is respectively connected with the support frame and the rainfall machine; the rainfall machine comprises a water pump, a water supply pipe, a rotary joint, a spray head group, a driver, a control module and a rainfall window; the control module is connected with the driver, and the driver is connected with the spray head group; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water supply pipe, the water supply pipe is connected with the rotary joint, and the rotary joint is connected with the spray head group; the spray head group comprises at least two spray heads which form a set angle with each other; the rainfall window is arranged below the spray head group; the control module controls the driver to rotate and drives the spray head group to rotate around the central axis of the rotary joint. The technical scheme of the invention can realize the effect of improving the uniformity of water quantity under the condition of controlling the cost.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of artificial rainfall, in particular to a rainfall simulation device.
Background
In hydrologic process, soil erosion law, ecological benefit analysis and evaluation and related prediction model research such as soil erosion establishment, the method only relies on natural rainfall to collect related data has a great limitation. The field observation period under the natural rainfall condition is long, the cost is high, the accumulated data is slow, and the practicability of the data is seriously influenced especially in areas with less rainfall. The rainfall test is effectively carried out by using artificial simulated rainfall, the natural rainfall is simulated without being limited by time and space, a large amount of manpower and material resources can be saved, the test can be repeated in a short period, the test research period is shortened, and a large amount of soil erosion related data can be obtained in a short time. Artificial simulated rainfall has become an important technical means for indoor and outdoor experiments in soil erosion related research.
The artificial rainfall simulation system is used for simulating natural rainfall to replace natural rainfall for relevant scientific research, and the simulated rainfall characteristic is required to be consistent with the natural rainfall characteristic. The rainfall speed of the simulated rainfall machine is close to the end speed of the natural rainfall, the rainfall kinetic energy is consistent with the natural rainfall, the size combination of the rainfall is consistent with the natural rainfall, the rainfall intensity of the simulated rainfall has a larger variation range, and the variation of the natural rainfall process can be simulated. According to the related experiment requirements of soil erosion and other researches, the rainfall uniformity, stability and repeatability of the artificial rainfall simulation system are good. The artificial rainfall simulation system may be used in different indoor or outdoor conditions, and is required to be convenient to operate, durable, convenient to transport, disassemble and install in order to be applied to all relevant research experiments.
From the 50 s of the 20 th century, different types of rainfall simulation devices are continuously developed, and mainly adopted types are needle tube truss type, downward spraying type, side spraying type and the like. The raindrop kinetic energy of the needle tube truss type rainfall machine for simulating rainfall can not reach the end speed of natural rainfall, so that the raindrop kinetic energy of the needle tube truss type rainfall machine is inconsistent with the natural rainfall, and the needle tube truss type rainfall machine can be used in research experiments with low requirements on the rainfall kinetic energy, such as non-point source pollution. The single shower nozzle of the side spraying type rainfall machine has better raindrop distribution, but the equipment has higher water consumption and wind resistance requirements, is difficult to obtain uniform rainfall distribution under the combined condition of a plurality of rainfall machines, has more troublesome debugging, and has great limitation in the field use of the rainfall machine. At present, the rainfall intensity of the rainfall simulated by the domestic downward-spraying rainfall machine is relatively stable, but the rainfall uniformity of the downward-spraying rainfall machine adopting a single spray head is poor, and in the prior art, a plurality of vertical downward spray heads are generally adopted for improving the rainfall uniformity, so that although the rainfall uniformity can be improved to a certain extent, the hardware cost is increased, and the use of the rainfall machine is limited.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a rainfall simulation device so as to improve the rainfall intensity uniformity of artificial rainfall simulation under the condition of controlling the cost.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention provides a rainfall simulation device, which comprises a support frame, a rainfall machine base and a rainfall machine; the rainfall machine bottom support is respectively connected with the support frame and the rainfall machine;
the rainfall machine comprises a water pump, a water supply pipe, a rotary joint, a spray head group, a driver, a control module and a rainfall window;
the control module is connected with the driver, and the driver is connected with the spray head group; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water supply pipe, the water supply pipe is connected with the rotary joint, and the rotary joint is connected with the spray head group; the spray head group comprises at least two spray heads which form a set angle with each other; the rainfall window is arranged below the spray head group;
the control module controls the driver to rotate and drives the spray head group to rotate around the central axis of the rotary joint.
Optionally, the rainfall machine further comprises a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a frequency converter;
the pressure gauge and the pressure sensor are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the water supply pipe and the rotary joint;
the pressure sensor is connected with the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is connected with the water pump.
Optionally, the support frame is a tripod; the tripod is connected with the rainfall machine bottom support through a tenon structure.
Optionally, the spray head group includes two spray heads with set angles, and precipitation of the two spray heads is overlapped in an airspace and intercepted by the rainfall window.
Optionally, the rainfall window comprises an upper window and a lower window; the upper window intercepts precipitation outside the window area of the spray head, and the lower window collects water drops sputtered to the upper window by the spray head.
Optionally, the control module includes a controller and a memory, where a delay time table is stored in the memory, and the controller reads the delay time table to control the driver to drive the spray head group to rotate, so that delay residence time of the spray head group at different positions in the rotating sector is gradually prolonged from a vertical position to an edge position.
Optionally, the support frame is a telescopic support frame.
Optionally, setting the height of the telescopic support frame according to the rainfall simulation area;
wherein, the linear displacement of precipitation water drop landing ground represents:
wherein, s: ground line displacement, h: rainfall machine height, ω: angular velocity of the spray head, t: time;
making the linear displacement and the time integral equal;
tt, delay residence time of the spray head, tt0: delay residence time of the vertical position of the spray head;
then the rainfall area is determined according to the following equation:
wherein, alpha: spray angle of spray nozzle, beta: the spray head group swings the opening angle.
Optionally, the water pressure of the spray head is controlled to be 0.04-0.05Mpa, the spray opening angle of the spray head is set to be 150 degrees, and the swing opening angle of the spray head group is set to be 60 degrees.
Therefore, the technical scheme provided by the invention uses the mode of rotating the spray head group to control the precipitation distribution, solves the defect of uneven water quantity of a single spray head, can control the cost structurally, and realizes the effect of improving the uniformity of the water quantity.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an electrical connection diagram of a rainfall simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a general structure diagram of a rainfall simulation device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a rainfall machine portion of a simulated rainfall device provided by an embodiment of the invention;
fig. 4 is a diagram of a rainfall window of a rainfall simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a tripod clamping tenon structure diagram of the rainfall simulation device provided by the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a water distribution diagram of a rainfall intensity rotation direction of a rainfall simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the distribution of water in the direction of a rain intensity spray head of the rainfall simulation device according to the embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 8 is a graph showing the water spray amount distribution of a single spray head of the rainfall simulation device according to the embodiment of the invention;
fig. 9 is a window structure diagram of a rainfall simulation device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Wherein: 1-water pump, 2-water supply pipe, 3-rainfall machine, 4-rainfall machine collet, 5-tripod, 6-manometer, 7-pressure sensor, 8-rotary joint, 9-shower nozzle group, 10-driver, 11-shower nozzle, 12-controller, 13-converter, 14-upper window, 15-lower window, 16-tripod bayonet socket, 17-rainfall machine collet card axle.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further described below by the specific embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is to be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely illustrative of the invention and are not limiting thereof. It should be further noted that, for convenience of description, only some, but not all of the drawings related to the present invention are shown.
In the present invention, directional terms such as "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "inner" and "outer" are used for convenience of understanding, and thus do not limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified.
In the present invention, unless expressly stated or limited otherwise, a first feature "above" or "below" a second feature may include both the first and second features being in direct contact, as well as the first and second features not being in direct contact but being in contact with each other through additional features therebetween. Moreover, a first feature being "above," "over" and "on" a second feature includes the first feature being directly above and obliquely above the second feature, or simply indicating that the first feature is higher in level than the second feature. The first feature being "under", "below" and "beneath" the second feature includes the first feature being directly under and obliquely below the second feature, or simply means that the first feature is less level than the second feature.
In the description of the present invention, unless explicitly stated and limited otherwise, the terms "connected," "connected," and "fixed" are to be construed broadly, and may be, for example, fixedly connected, detachably connected, or integrally formed; can be mechanically or electrically connected; can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be communicated with the inside of two elements or the interaction relationship of the two elements. The specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention will be understood in specific cases by those of ordinary skill in the art.
The embodiment provides a rainfall simulation device, as shown in fig. 2, which comprises a support frame 5, a rainfall machine base 4 and a rainfall machine 3; the rainfall machine bottom support 4 is respectively connected with the support frame 5 and the rainfall machine 3;
as shown in fig. 3, the rainfall machine 3 includes a water pump 1, a water supply pipe 2, a rotary joint 8, a spray head group 9, a driver 10, a control module 12, and a rainfall window;
the control module 12 is connected with the driver 10, and the driver 10 is connected with the spray head group 9; the water outlet of the water pump 1 is connected with the water supply pipe 2, the water supply pipe 2 is connected with the rotary joint 8, and the rotary joint 8 is connected with the spray head group 9; the spray head group 9 comprises at least two spray heads 11 which form a set angle with each other; the rainfall window is arranged below the spray head group; at least two spray heads are arranged in the same plane. If a plurality of spray head combinations are used to better facilitate the uniformity of the rainfall, for example, the spray head group 9 includes three spray heads 11, with one spray head 11 in the middle being at an angle of 28.15 degrees to the spray heads on both sides. As shown in fig. 8, the cross section of the water spray distribution of the single spray head 11 in the water spray direction is close to a flat rectangle.
The control module 12 controls the driver 10 to rotate, so as to drive the spray head group 9 to rotate around the central axis of the rotary joint 8. The nozzle group 9 can rotate with a vertical downward direction as a center position according to a certain nozzle group swinging opening angle, so that the rotation process of the nozzle group forms a rotating sector surface taking the central axis of the rotary joint 8 as an axis.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 3, the rainfall machine further comprises a pressure gauge 6, a pressure sensor 7 and a frequency converter 13;
the pressure gauge 6 and the pressure sensor 7 are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the water supply pipe 2 and the rotary joint 8;
the pressure sensor 7 is connected with the frequency converter 13, and the frequency converter 13 is connected with the water pump 1. Wherein, the pressure sensor 7 measures the water pressure and further controls the frequency converter 13, and further controls the water pump 1, so that the water pressure reaching the spray head is stable and reaches the required pressure.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 2, the supporting frame 5 may be a tripod, and of course, the number of legs of the supporting frame may be greater; as shown in fig. 5, the tripod and the base 4 of the rainfall machine may be connected by a tenon structure. The tripod bayonet 16 and the rainfall machine bottom bracket clamping shaft 17 are firmly clamped by utilizing gravity and inclined plane supporting force of the rainfall machine bottom bracket, so that the assembly, disassembly and transportation are convenient.
Alternatively, as shown in fig. 3, the spray head group 9 includes two spray heads 11 at a set angle, as shown in fig. 7, precipitation of the two spray heads 11 is superimposed on the airspace, and a rainfall window disposed below the spray head group 9 may intercept precipitation of the spray head group, and a window area (i.e., an opening) of the rainfall window allows the precipitation to fall to the ground.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 4, the rainfall window includes an upper window 14 and a lower window 15; the window may be a pentahedron, the lower bottom surface being open, the window being obtained by cutting the upper portion so that the opening at the upper end is rectangular or square (as shown in fig. 9); the upper opening of the upper window 14 sprays the precipitation area which is relatively uniform in the spray head group 9 to the ground through the upper opening, so as to intercept precipitation outside the window area; the angles of the four side walls of the upper window 14 are slightly larger than the spraying angles of the spray head group 9, so that water columns are prevented from being sprayed to the side walls; the side length of the upper opening of the lower window 15 is slightly smaller than the lower side length of the upper window 14, and water drops sputtered to the upper window 14 by the spray head are collected. For example, the upper window 14 may be square, the upper window 14 is located 10 cm below the nozzle group 9, the upper opening side of the upper window 14 is 13 cm, the lower opening side is 19 cm, the lower window 15 is located directly below the upper window 14, and the upper opening side of the lower window 15 is 18 cm. Precipitation intercepted by the upper window 14 and water drops sputtered to the side wall are collected and recycled through the lower window 15.
Optionally, as shown in fig. 1, the control module includes a controller and a memory, where a delay time table is stored in the memory, and the controller reads the delay time table to control the driver to drive the spray head group to rotate, so that delay residence time of the spray head group in different positions in the rotating sector is gradually prolonged from a vertical position to an edge position.
Delay data of each rotation action of the spray head group stored in the delay time table is transmitted to the controller; the controller controls the driver to drive the spray head group to rotate, and the spray head group stays for corresponding delay stay time after each rotation action of the spray head group at a fixed angle (for example, 0.45 degrees). The delay time table is to perform delay compensation on the precipitation curve of fig. 6 so as to improve the uniformity of precipitation.
Optionally, the support frame is a telescopic support frame. The support frame adopts a telescopic structure, so that the overall size is reduced after the support frame is disassembled, and the support frame is convenient to transport.
The rainfall area of the rainfall simulation device can be adjusted according to the requirement, and the height of the telescopic support frame is set according to the rainfall simulation area;
wherein, the linear displacement of precipitation water drop landing ground represents:
wherein, s: ground line displacement, h: rainfall machine height, ω: angular velocity of the spray head, t: time (1, 2,3, …) time takes a discrete value;
making the linear displacement and the time integral equal;
further, the method comprises the steps of,
tt, delay residence time of the spray head, tt0: delay residence time of the vertical position of the spray head;
then the rainfall area is determined according to the following equation:
wherein, alpha: spray angle of spray nozzle, beta: the spray head group swings the opening angle.
Optionally, the water pressure of the spray head is controlled to be 0.04-0.05Mpa, the spray opening angle of the spray head is set to be 150 degrees, and the swing opening angle of the spray head group is set to be 60 degrees.
Referring to fig. 7, the spray head group is composed of two spray heads, the precipitation curves of the two single spray heads are overlapped on the airspace to form a relatively uniform precipitation curve, the precipitation part of a precipitation uniform area is intercepted, and the precipitation uniformity in the spray head direction is improved; in the figure, the distribution of precipitation of the spray heads is respectively shown by the superposition curves of the single spray head and the two spray heads.
According to the technical scheme provided by the embodiment of the invention, the precipitation distribution is controlled by using the mode of rotating the spray head group to reduce the precipitation, the defect of nonuniform water quantity of a single spray head is overcome, and particularly, the precipitation distribution is changed by controlling the rotation of the spray head group in combination with a time delay schedule, so that the precipitation uniformity is further improved. The shower nozzle group forms the shower nozzle of certain angle each other, and the precipitation of single shower nozzle can be superimposed on the airspace, improves the precipitation homogeneity in shower nozzle orientation.
While the invention has been described in detail in the foregoing general description, embodiments and experiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications and improvements can be made thereto. Accordingly, such modifications or improvements may be made without departing from the spirit of the invention and are intended to be within the scope of the invention as claimed.
Claims (9)
1. The rainfall simulation device is characterized by comprising a support frame, a rainfall machine base and a rainfall machine; the rainfall machine bottom support is respectively connected with the support frame and the rainfall machine;
the rainfall machine comprises a water pump, a water supply pipe, a rotary joint, a spray head group, a driver, a control module and a rainfall window;
the control module is connected with the driver, and the driver is connected with the spray head group; the water outlet of the water pump is connected with the water supply pipe, the water supply pipe is connected with the rotary joint, and the rotary joint is connected with the spray head group; the spray head group comprises at least two spray heads which form a set angle with each other; the rainfall window is arranged below the spray head group;
the control module controls the driver to rotate and drives the spray head group to rotate around the central axis of the rotary joint.
2. The apparatus for simulating rainfall according to claim 1, wherein the rainfall machine further comprises a pressure gauge, a pressure sensor and a frequency converter;
the pressure gauge and the pressure sensor are arranged on a connecting pipeline of the water supply pipe and the rotary joint;
the pressure sensor is connected with the frequency converter, and the frequency converter is connected with the water pump.
3. The simulated rainfall apparatus of claim 1 wherein said support frame is a tripod; the tripod is connected with the rainfall machine bottom support through a tenon structure.
4. A simulated rainfall apparatus as claimed in claim 3 wherein said spray head set comprises two said spray heads at a set angle and wherein precipitation from both said spray heads is superimposed on the airspace and intercepted by said rainfall window.
5. The apparatus for simulating rainfall of claim 4, wherein the rainfall window comprises an upper window and a lower window; the upper window intercepts precipitation outside the window area of the spray head, and the lower window collects water drops sputtered to the upper window by the spray head.
6. A rainfall simulation device according to claim 1 wherein the control module comprises a controller and a memory, wherein the memory stores a time delay schedule, and the controller reads the time delay schedule to control the driver to rotate the spray head group so that the time delay residence time of the spray head group at different positions in the rotating sector is gradually prolonged from a vertical position to an edge position.
7. A simulated rainfall apparatus as claimed in claim 6 wherein said support is a telescoping support.
8. The rainfall simulation device according to claim 7, wherein the height of the telescopic support frame is set according to the rainfall simulation area;
wherein, the linear displacement of precipitation water drop landing ground represents:
wherein, s: ground line displacement, h: rainfall machine height, ω: angular velocity of the spray head, t: time;
making the linear displacement and the time integral equal;
tt, delay residence time of the spray head, tt0: delay residence time of the vertical position of the spray head;
then the rainfall area is determined according to the following equation:
wherein, alpha: spray angle of spray nozzle, beta: the spray head group swings the opening angle.
9. A rainfall simulation device according to claim 8 wherein the sprinkler head water pressure is controlled between 0.04 Mpa and 0.05Mpa, the sprinkler head spray opening angle is set to 150 ° and the sprinkler head group swing opening angle is set to 60 °.
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