CN116170084A - Four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz signal generation, in particular to a photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing, which utilizes the three-order nonlinear effect of nonlinear medium to enable the combined beam light of pump light and seed light to generate four-wave mixing effect so as to generate N-order idler light, thereby completing the frequency hopping bandwidth multiplication of the pump light. The first optical filter filters out the idler frequency light required by application from the N-order idler frequency light, amplifies the idler frequency light and combines the amplified idler frequency light with the reference laser, the photoelectric detector detects the square rate of the idler frequency light and the reference laser in the combined beam light provided by the second optical coupler, and the frequency of the idler frequency light is converted from the optical frequency to the terahertz frequency band based on the heterodyne beat frequency principle, so that a broadband terahertz frequency hopping signal can be obtained. Compared with the prior art, the invention has obvious frequency hopping bandwidth advantages compared with the traditional electronic frequency hopping source, has high and flexible and controllable working frequency, can be applied to a new generation of terahertz communication and radar system, and improves the anti-interference and anti-interception capability of the terahertz communication and radar system.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of terahertz signal generation, in particular to a photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing, which is applied to the fields of new generation (5G, 6G) mobile communication, radar detection and the like.
Background
Along with development of scientific technology, people have urgent demands for ultra-high-speed transmission of large-capacity data, and in recent years, terahertz communication has wide application prospect in the aspect of short-distance ultra-high-speed wireless communication with the advantages of high data rate and large bandwidth, and can meet the ultra-high demands of various emerging applications (such as VR, AR, satellite communication and the like). In addition, with the increasing complexity of wireless communication environments, how to ensure stable and efficient communication is also an important point in the field of communication. The frequency hopping source is a frequency source with frequency capable of hopping within a certain range, is widely applied to the fields of communication and radar, and can enable a communication or radar system to have good anti-interference and anti-interception capability. Therefore, the ultra-wideband multi-frequency point frequency hopping source working in the terahertz frequency band is realized, and the anti-interference and anti-interception capabilities of terahertz communication and radar systems can be further improved.
Modern electronic frequency hopping source technology adopts a mixed frequency synthesis mode to meet more demands. However, in the frequency multiplication process, deterioration of the phase noise by a factor of 20lgN is inevitably brought about. Meanwhile, conventional radio frequency devices are limited by "electronic bottlenecks" such as bandwidth and energy consumption, and it has been difficult to meet the current terahertz communication requirements. The photonic frequency hopping source inoculated from the idea of photoelectric fusion utilizes the advantages of ultra-high frequency, high speed and the like which are unique in photonics, and can easily achieve ultra-wide band and fast frequency hopping. At present, the implementation scheme of the frequency hopping source based on photonics mainly adopts two types of frequency synthesis and frequency switching. The frequency synthesis type photon frequency hopping source generates frequency hopping signals by utilizing a photoelectric frequency synthesizer with high-speed frequency switching capability: an optoelectronic oscillator using polarization-maintaining phase-shifting Fiber bragg gratings as reported in the literature "Frequency-hopping microwave waveform generation based on a Frequency-tunable optoelectronic oscillator, optical Fiber communication 2014,1-3" successfully achieves Frequency hopping between 17.1GHz and 15.75GHz and Frequency hopping between 9.58GHz and 8.65GHz, and Frequency hopping signal synthesis with a Frequency hopping switching speed of about 100 ns. However, the generation of multi-stage frequency hopping signals is hindered due to the mode competition problem of the photoelectric oscillator. As another example, document "Flexible frequency-hopping microwave generation by dynamic control of optically injected semiconductor laser, IEEE Photonics journal.2016,8,1-9," reports that a frequency hopping signal having a frequency hopping bandwidth of 10.5GHz and having a frequency point hopping back and forth of 10 frequency points between 10.5GHz and 21.0GHz is realized by utilizing the nonlinear dynamics of single-period oscillation of a semiconductor laser. Although a frequency hopping switching speed of 10ns can be achieved, the maximum frequency hopping range achieved with this approach is only tens of GHz due to the limited tunable range of the semiconductor laser. The frequency switching type photon frequency hopping source uses a photoelectric frequency selector to select frequency in a pre-generated frequency set and outputs a frequency hopping signal. A switch using the electro-optic modulation effect as reported in the literature "High-Speed and Wideband Frequency-Hopping Microwave Signal Generation via Switching the Bias Point of an Optical Modulator, IEEE Photonics Journal,2018, vol.10, no.1" enables switching between 12GHz and 24GHz signals at a frequency hopping rate of 1 ns. The realization method mostly adopts the mode that a plurality of microwave signals with different frequencies are modulated on light, then a tunable microwave photon filter is utilized for frequency selection and switching, so that frequency hopping output is generated, the frequency component sources are basically an electronic method, the frequency hopping output of a millimeter wave high frequency band and a terahertz frequency band is difficult to realize, and the frequency hopping bandwidth and the frequency point number are very limited. In general, current photonic frequency hopping sources can achieve ultra-fast frequency hopping switching speeds and can easily achieve much larger frequency hopping bandwidths than electronic methods, but still suffer from the following three limitations and disadvantages:
firstly, the frequency hopping source technology of the terahertz frequency band with the working frequency range of most below 25GHz and the terahertz frequency band of above 100GHz is not yet reported;
secondly, the frequency hopping bandwidth is smaller, and the large bandwidth advantage of the photonics technology is not fully exerted yet;
third, most of the frequency hopping rate increases between two frequency points, while other indicators are ignored, the number of frequency points is significantly less than the electronic frequency hopping source.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims at: aiming at the defects of the existing photonic frequency hopping source, the photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing is provided, and the frequency hopping bandwidth of an output signal is doubled compared with that of a pumping optical signal by selecting an idler frequency optical product of the four-wave mixing effect.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing comprises a first optical coupler, a nonlinear medium unit, a first optical filter, a first optical amplifier, a second optical coupler and a photoelectric detector;
the input of the first optical coupler is respectively connected with pump light and seed light, and the output of the first optical coupler is connected with the input of the nonlinear medium unit; the device is used for combining the received pump light and the seed light;
the nonlinear medium unit can generate a third-order nonlinear effect, and the output of the nonlinear medium unit is connected with the input of the first optical filter; utilizing the third-order nonlinear effect of the nonlinear medium to enable the combined beam light to generate a four-wave mixing effect so as to generate N-order idler frequency light, wherein the value of N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the output of the first optical filter is connected with the first input of the second optical coupler through the first optical amplifier; for filtering out idler light required for the application from the received N-order idler light and providing it to a first optical amplifier for amplification;
the second input of the second optical coupler is connected with reference laser, and the output of the second optical coupler is connected with the photoelectric detector; combining the reference light and the amplified idler light;
the photoelectric detector detects the square rate of idler frequency light and reference laser in the combined light provided by the second optical coupler, and enables the frequency of the idler frequency light and the reference laser to be down-converted from optical frequency to terahertz frequency band based on heterodyne beat frequency principle, so that broadband terahertz frequency hopping signals are generated.
Furthermore, the pump light is a narrow-band frequency hopping optical signal, and the seed light is a single-frequency laser output signal.
Further, the narrowband frequency-hopping optical signal may be any frequency-hopping optical signal generated by an electro-optical modulation method, a laser tuning method, etc., and the initial frequency is f p The frequency hopping bandwidth is delta F p The frequency range is f p To f p +ΔF p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency interval between the seed light and the pump frequency hopping light is determined by the requirement, and the frequency of the seed light is f s 。
Further, a second optical amplifier is arranged between the first optical coupler and the nonlinear medium unit, the input of the second optical amplifier is connected with the first optical coupler, and the output of the second optical amplifier is connected with the nonlinear medium unit.
Further, the nonlinear medium unit is a high nonlinear optical fiber, a semiconductor optical amplifier or a semiconductor laser.
Further, the photoelectric detector is a photodiode of a PIN structure, a single-row carrier structure and the like; the operating bandwidth should be greater than the frequency difference between the idler light and the reference light.
Further, the working frequency of the seed light or the reference laser is adjusted according to the requirement.
The photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing provided by the invention utilizes the third-order nonlinear effect of nonlinear medium, and when the optical power of the pump light and the seed light which are connected into the source is between 10mW and 100mW, the four-wave mixing effect can be generated on the combined beam light of the pump light and the seed light so as to generate N-order idler frequency light, thereby completing the frequency hopping bandwidth multiplication of the pump light. The first optical filter filters out the idler frequency light required by application from the N-order idler frequency light, amplifies the idler frequency light and combines the amplified idler frequency light with the reference laser, the photoelectric detector detects the square rate of the idler frequency light and the reference laser in the combined beam light provided by the second optical coupler, and the frequency of the idler frequency light is converted from the optical frequency to the terahertz frequency band based on the heterodyne beat frequency principle, so that a broadband terahertz frequency hopping signal can be obtained.
After the technical scheme is adopted, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the invention utilizes the third-order nonlinear effect of the nonlinear medium to enable the beam combining light of the pump light and the seed light to generate a four-wave mixing effect, thereby completing the increase of the frequency hopping bandwidth of the pump light signal by several times. Based on the principle, the ultra-wideband photo-generated terahertz frequency hopping signal of tens of GHz can be realized by adopting the easily realized narrowband frequency hopping pump optical signal, the frequency hopping bandwidth is large, the abundant frequency spectrum resources of the terahertz frequency band can be fully utilized, and the anti-interference capability of the terahertz frequency hopping system is improved.
2. According to the invention, the working frequency of the seed light or the reference light is adjusted according to the requirements, and the working frequency of the photo-generated terahertz frequency hopping signal can be changed by adjusting the working frequency of the seed light or the reference light, so that the photo-generated terahertz frequency hopping signal has the advantages of higher working frequency, better tuning performance and the like.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a terahertz frequency band photonics ultra-wideband frequency hopping source structure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a four-wave mixing principle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the photonic ultra wideband terahertz frequency hopping source system of embodiment 1;
fig. 4 is a schematic diagram of the photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source system of embodiment 2.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It is to be expressly noted that in the description below, detailed descriptions of known functions and designs are omitted here as perhaps obscuring the present invention.
As shown in fig. 1, the photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing provided by the invention comprises a first optical coupler, a nonlinear medium unit, a first optical filter, a first optical amplifier, a second optical coupler and a photoelectric detector. The input of the first optical coupler is respectively connected with a seed optical signal and a narrow-band frequency hopping optical signal, and the output of the first optical coupler is connected with the first input of the second optical coupler through the nonlinear medium unit, the first optical filter and the first optical amplifier in sequence. The second input of the second optical coupler is connected with the reference laser, and the output of the second optical coupler is connected with the photoelectric detector.
The principle is shown in fig. 2, and after the narrowband frequency hopping optical signal is used as pump light and is combined with a single-frequency seed beam, a phenomenon of four-wave mixing occurs in a nonlinear medium unit, and N-order idler frequency light is generated. The frequency hopping bandwidth of the narrow-band frequency hopping optical signal is delta F p The frequency range is f p To f p +ΔF p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Single frequency seed light frequency f s . The lowest frequency of the Nth order idler selected by the filter should be (N+1). F p -f s The highest frequency is (N+1) · (f p +ΔF p )-f s The bandwidth should be [ (N+1). Fwdarw.f p +ΔF p )-f s ]-((N+1)·f p -f s )＝(N+1)·ΔF p The narrowband frequency-hopped optical signal is amplified by a factor of N + 1. The Nth order idler frequency light enters a photoelectric detector to carry out square law detection after being combined with a reference beam by an optical coupler, and a terahertz frequency hopping signal is synthesized by heterodyne beat frequency. Based on the principle, the ultra-wideband photo-generated terahertz frequency hopping signal of tens of GHz can be realized by adopting the easily realized narrowband frequency hopping pump optical signal, the frequency hopping bandwidth is large, the abundant frequency spectrum resources of the terahertz frequency band can be fully utilized, and the anti-interference capability of the terahertz frequency hopping system is improved. In light of the foregoing, two embodiments are described below in which the narrowband frequency-hopped optical signal of the pump light is generated using an electro-optical modulation method, and the component that generates the narrowband frequency-hopped optical signal is hereinafter referred to as a narrowband frequency-hopped optical signal generating unit.
Example 1
The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source provided by the embodiment has the working frequency range of 0.110-0.128THz, the channel interval of 0.6GHz, the number of channels of 30 and the total frequency hopping bandwidth of 18GHz.
As shown in fig. 3, the narrowband frequency hopping optical signal generating unit is composed of a laser, an arbitrary waveform generator, a microwave power amplifier, an electro-optical modulator, and a second optical filter. The laser is connected with a first input end of the electro-optical modulator through a first optical fiber and is used for providing an initial optical signal for the electro-optical modulator; the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the second input end of the electro-optic modulator through the microwave power amplifier and provides an amplified narrowband microwave frequency hopping signal for the electro-optic modulator. The output end of the electro-optical modulator is connected with a second optical filter, and the second optical filter works at the right-angle point by applying bias voltage, and modulates the initial optical signal according to the received amplified narrowband microwave frequency hopping signal to generate a narrowband frequency hopping optical signal. The second optical filter filters out the required narrowband frequency hopping optical signal as pump light and provides the pump light to the first optical coupler. The input of the first optical coupler also receives seed light provided by another single-frequency laser, and the output of the first optical coupler is connected with the input of the nonlinear medium unit; the first optical coupler is used for combining seed light and pump light. The combined light output by the first optical coupler is amplified by the second optical amplifier and then is input to the high-nonlinearity optical fiber, and the four-wave mixing effect is generated by utilizing the third-order nonlinearity effect of the high-nonlinearity optical fiber, so that N-order idler frequency light is generated and provided for the first optical filter to filter out the idler frequency light required by application. The filtered idler frequency light is amplified by a first optical amplifier, and then is combined with reference laser light output by a reference laser through a second optical coupler, and the combined idler frequency light enters a photoelectric detector to carry out square rate detection, so that a terahertz frequency hopping signal is generated based on a heterodyne beat frequency principle.
In this embodiment, the first optical amplifier and the second optical amplifier are both erbium-doped fiber amplifiers, the nonlinear medium unit is a highly nonlinear fiber, and the first optical filter and the second optical filter are both optical band-pass filters. The single frequency laser wavelength used for seed light generation was 193.397THz and the laser wavelength used for narrowband frequency hopping optical signal generation was 193.413THz. The electro-optic modulator applies a direct current bias of 0.5 times half-wave voltage to enable the electro-optic modulator to work at a positive intersection point, and the arbitrary waveform generator generates microwave frequency hopping signals with the frequency range of 5GHz to 14GHz, the frequency interval of 0.3GHz and the frequency hopping point number of 30 to drive the electro-optic modulator, and the driving voltage amplified by the amplifier is set to be 3 times of the half-wave voltage of the electro-optic modulator. A narrowband frequency hopped optical signal is produced at a frequency in the range 193.418THz to 193.427 THz. The first-order idler frequency light frequency range after four-wave mixing amplification is 193.439THz to 193.457THz, the reference laser wavelength is 193.329THz, and the two heterodyne beat frequencies generate terahertz frequency hopping signals with the frequency of 0.110THz to 0.128 THz.
Example 2
The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source provided by the embodiment has the working frequency range of 0.30-0.32THz, the channel interval of 1GHz, the number of channels of 20 and the total frequency hopping bandwidth of 20GHz.
As shown in fig. 4, the narrowband frequency hopping optical signal generating unit is composed of a laser, an arbitrary waveform generator, a microwave power amplifier, an electro-optical modulator, and a second optical filter.
The laser is connected with a first input end of the electro-optical modulator through a first optical fiber and is used for providing an initial optical signal for the electro-optical modulator; the arbitrary waveform generator is connected with the second input end of the electro-optic modulator through the microwave power amplifier and provides an amplified narrowband microwave frequency hopping signal for the electro-optic modulator. The output end of the electro-optic modulator is connected with the input of the second optical filter through the second optical fiber, and the electro-optic modulator works at the right-angle point by applying bias voltage, and modulates the initial optical signal according to the received amplified narrowband microwave frequency hopping signal to generate a narrowband frequency hopping optical signal. The second optical filter filters out the desired narrowband frequency-hopped optical signal as pump light. The output of the second optical filter is connected with the second optical amplifier and is used for providing pump light for the second optical amplifier to amplify the optical power. In this embodiment, the nonlinear medium unit is a semiconductor laser, and the first optical filter and the second optical filter are optical band-pass filters, and the first coupler is replaced by an optical circulator for injecting pump light into the semiconductor laser. The optical circulator port 1 is connected with a second optical amplifier and is connected with amplified pump light; the port 2 of the optical circulator is connected with the semiconductor laser, and the port 3 of the optical circulator is an output end and is connected with the second optical filter. The semiconductor laser supplies seed light, and the injection current of the semiconductor laser is changed to enable the semiconductor laser to work in a state of generating four-wave mixing effect, so that N-order idler frequency light is generated, and the N-order idler frequency light is supplied to the first optical filter to filter out the idler frequency light required by application. The filtered idler frequency light is amplified by a first optical amplifier, and then is combined with reference laser light output by a reference laser through a second optical coupler, and the combined idler frequency light enters a photoelectric detector to carry out square rate detection, so that a terahertz frequency hopping signal is generated based on a heterodyne beat frequency principle.
The free resonance wavelength of the semiconductor laser used as seed light is 193.393THz, the wavelength of the laser used for generating a narrow-band frequency hopping optical signal is 193.413THz, the electro-optical modulator applies direct current bias of 0.5 times half-wave voltage to enable the electro-optical modulator to work at a positive intersection point, the arbitrary waveform generator generates microwave frequency hopping signals with the frequency range of 5GHz to 15GHz, the frequency interval of 0.5GHz and the frequency hopping point number of 20 to drive the electro-optical modulator, and the driving voltage amplified by the amplifier is set to be 3 times of the half-wave voltage of the electro-optical modulator. A narrowband frequency hopped optical signal is produced at a frequency in the range 193.418THz to 193.428 THz. The first-order idler frequency light frequency range after four-wave mixing amplification is 193.443THz to 193.463THz, the reference laser wavelength is 193.143THz, and the two heterodyne beat frequencies generate terahertz frequency hopping signals with the frequency of 0.30THz to 0.32 THz.
In summary, the photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing provided by the embodiment can be used for generating ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping signals with frequency hopping bandwidths of tens of GHz. Compared with the traditional electronic frequency hopping source, the invention has obvious frequency hopping bandwidth advantages, has high and flexible and controllable working frequency, can be applied to a new generation of terahertz communication and radar system, and improves the anti-interference and anti-interception capability of the terahertz communication and radar system.
While the invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications can be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (6)
1. A photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source based on four-wave mixing comprises a first optical coupler, a nonlinear medium unit, a first optical filter, a first optical amplifier, a second optical coupler and a photoelectric detector, and is characterized in that:
the input of the first optical coupler is respectively connected with pump light and seed light, and the output of the first optical coupler is connected with the input of the nonlinear medium unit; the device is used for combining the received pump light and the seed light;
the nonlinear medium unit can generate a third-order nonlinear effect, and the output of the nonlinear medium unit is connected with the input of the first optical filter; utilizing the third-order nonlinear effect of the nonlinear medium to enable the combined beam light to generate a four-wave mixing effect so as to generate N-order idler frequency light, wherein the value of N is an integer greater than or equal to 1;
the output of the first optical filter is connected with the first input of the second optical coupler through the first optical amplifier; for filtering out idler light required for the application from the received N-order idler light and providing it to a first optical amplifier for amplification;
the second input of the second optical coupler is connected with reference laser, and the output of the second optical coupler is connected with the photoelectric detector; combining the reference light and the amplified idler light;
the photoelectric detector detects the square rate of idler frequency light and reference laser in the combined light provided by the second optical coupler, and enables the frequency of the idler frequency light and the reference laser to be down-converted from optical frequency to terahertz frequency band based on heterodyne beat frequency principle, so that broadband terahertz frequency hopping signals are generated.
2. The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source according to claim 1, wherein the frequency hopping source is characterized by: the pump light is a narrow-band frequency hopping optical signal, and the seed light is a single-frequency laser output signal.
3. The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source according to claim 2, wherein the frequency hopping source is characterized by: the narrowband frequency hopping optical signal is generated by an electro-optical modulation method or a laser tuning method, and the initial frequency is f p The frequency hopping bandwidth is delta F p The frequency range is f p To f p +ΔF p The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The frequency interval between the seed light and the pump frequency hopping light is determined by the requirement, and the frequency of the seed light is f s 。
4. The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source according to claim 1, wherein the frequency hopping source is characterized by: and a second optical amplifier is arranged between the first optical coupler and the nonlinear medium unit, the input of the second optical amplifier is connected with the first optical coupler, and the output of the second optical amplifier is connected with the nonlinear medium unit.
5. The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source according to claim 1, wherein the frequency hopping source is characterized by: the nonlinear medium unit is a high nonlinear optical fiber, a semiconductor optical amplifier or a semiconductor laser.
6. The four-wave mixing-based photonic ultra-wideband terahertz frequency hopping source according to claims 1 to 5, wherein the frequency hopping source is characterized in that: the photoelectric detector is a photodiode of a PIN structure, a single-row carrier structure and the like; the operating bandwidth should be greater than the frequency difference between the idler light and the reference light.
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| CN116683940A (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-09-01 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband frequency hopping communication system based on photonic terahertz frequency hopping source |
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| CN116683940B (en) * | 2023-08-02 | 2023-11-28 | 电子科技大学 | Ultra-wideband frequency hopping communication system based on photonic terahertz frequency hopping source |
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