CN116169336B - Fuel cell stack and assembly pressure adjusting method and device thereof - Google Patents
Fuel cell stack and assembly pressure adjusting method and device thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116169336B CN116169336B CN202310426827.8A CN202310426827A CN116169336B CN 116169336 B CN116169336 B CN 116169336B CN 202310426827 A CN202310426827 A CN 202310426827A CN 116169336 B CN116169336 B CN 116169336B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M8/24—Grouping of fuel cells, e.g. stacking of fuel cells
- H01M8/2465—Details of groupings of fuel cells
- H01M8/247—Arrangements for tightening a stack, for accommodation of a stack in a tank or for assembling different tanks
- H01M8/248—Means for compression of the fuel cell stacks
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of assembly of fuel cells, and particularly relates to a fuel cell stack and an assembly pressure adjusting method and an adjusting device thereof, wherein the fuel cell stack comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate and an anode end plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, a cavity is arranged in the anode end plate, a pressing plate is arranged in the cavity and is in sliding connection with the anode end plate, and the surface of the pressing plate far away from the anode end plate is in contact connection with the anode current collecting plate; the cavity is internally provided with a pressure sensor, the surface of the anode end plate is provided with an air port communicated with the cavity, the air port is communicated with a switching valve, and the switching valve is connected with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve. The invention can dynamically adjust the packaging pressure in real time, realize the packaging pressure adjustment of the whole life cycle of the fuel cell stack, ensure that the electric stack operates under the optimal assembly pressure, and greatly improve the performance and the service life of the electric stack.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel cell assembly, and particularly relates to a fuel cell stack, an assembly pressure adjusting method thereof and an adjusting device thereof.
Background
A fuel cell, also commonly referred to as a hydrogen fuel cell, is a power generation device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy by performing an oxidation-reduction reaction between hydrogen and oxygen. When the fuel cell works, the hydrogen of the positive stage is decomposed into hydrogen ions and electrons under the action of the catalyst, the hydrogen ions reach the cathode through the proton exchange membrane, and the electrons reach the cathode along an external circuit to generate current. In the cathode, oxygen in the air and hydrogen ions react electrochemically to generate water, so that the fuel cell has excellent environmental protection advantage.
In practical use, a plurality of fuel cells are generally connected in series to form a fuel cell stack, so as to meet a larger electricity demand. The fuel cell which forms the fuel cell stack is also called a fuel single cell, and mainly comprises a proton exchange membrane, a gas diffusion layer and a bipolar plate, wherein the two sides of the proton exchange membrane are provided with catalysts, the bipolar plate is arranged at the two sides of the proton exchange membrane, and the gas diffusion layer is arranged between the bipolar plate and the proton exchange membrane. The bipolar plate is provided with a channel for supplying hydrogen, oxygen and coolant, the bipolar plate and the proton exchange membrane are required to be completely sealed in the power generation process of the fuel cell, leakage of the hydrogen, the oxygen, the coolant and the like is prevented, if the sealing performance is poor, the fuel and the oxidant in the fuel cell can be mixed and react, and the situation is easy to cause explosion of the cell and seriously endanger social safety; if the material leaks out, it may cause the performance of the battery to be rapidly degraded.
Therefore, it is necessary to add a seal between the bipolar plates, and the seal is compressively deformed by a tightening force to achieve sealing between the bipolar plates during the fabrication of the cell stack. Therefore, the packaging pressure of the fuel cell stack is ensured to meet the product requirement, and the requirements of high performance and long service life of the fuel cell stack can be ensured.
Currently, there are two types of fuel cell stack package pressure control designs that are in use.
The first scheme is that springs are assembled in end plates of a pile when the pile is packaged, compression deformation is caused to the springs during the pile packaging process, and certain press-mounting force is stored through the strain of the springs, so that the pile packaging pressure continuously decays along with the ageing and plastic deformation of the materials of the inner single cells when the pile is operated, and at the moment, the stored pressure of the springs can be slowly released to compensate the packaging pressure decay inside the pile. The utility model discloses a fuel cell pile with adjustable end plate atress as disclosed in prior art CN111816903B, including pile mechanism, pile mechanism's both ends are equipped with fixed end plate and regulation end plate mechanism respectively, and regulation end plate mechanism includes regulation end plate and with regulation end plate complex adjusting component, and adjusting component is located between regulation end plate and the pile mechanism, and adjusting component includes the spring end plate, one side and pile mechanism fixed connection of spring end plate, regulation end plate mechanism provide by the center of spring end plate to the gradual pressure that reduces all around to pile mechanism. The problem with this solution is that the spring stores a pressure equal to the initial stack assembly pressure, and the belleville springs compensate for a portion of the pressure decay as the stack pressure decays, but this does not allow the stack pressure to not decay, but only reduces or retards the decay rate.
The second scheme is to select the type through the sealing design and the membrane electrode design of the electric pile, adjust the single cell pressure distribution, analyze the simulation design and the experimental test through a series of calculation, ensure that the electric pile can continuously attenuate the press-fit force even in the whole life cycle, influence the performance of the electric pile as little as possible, and ensure the tightness, in general, the enough sealing and performance design allowance is used for ensuring the use requirement of the electric pile even if the press-fit force attenuates, the problem of the scheme is to increase the design cost and the material cost of the electric pile, and the use requirement of the electric pile in the whole life cycle is difficult to ensure.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problem that the packaging pressure of the fuel cell cannot be regulated in a compensating way in the prior art, the invention provides a fuel cell stack, and an assembly pressure regulating method and device thereof.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a fuel cell stack comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate and an anode end plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein a cavity is formed in the anode end plate, a pressing plate is arranged in the cavity and is in sliding connection with the anode end plate, and the surface of the pressing plate, which is far away from the anode end plate, is in contact connection with the anode current collecting plate;
the pressure sensor is arranged in the cavity, an air port communicated with the cavity is arranged on the surface of the anode end plate, the air port is communicated with the switching valve, and the switching valve is connected with the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve.
Further, the air inlet valve is communicated with the pressure regulating valve through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve is connected with a gas source.
The switching valve is a four-way valve, and the switching valve is also connected with a pressure gauge.
Further, the edge of the pressing plate is provided with an upward extending coaming, and the outer wall of the coaming is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the anode end plate.
Further, the outer wall of the coaming is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the groove.
Furthermore, a plurality of rib plates are arranged in the pressing plate, the area surrounded by the surrounding plate is divided into a plurality of grooves by the rib plates, and the grooves are communicated with the cavity.
The invention also provides a fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting method, which is applied to the fuel cell stack and comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module and an anodeThe plates, the pressing plate and the anode end plate are stacked, and the electric pile is compressed to the packaging pressure P 0 Locking the galvanic pile;
s2, opening an air inlet valve, closing an air outlet valve, and adjusting the air flow of the pressure regulating valve to be Q 0 Filling compressed air into the cavity, and collecting the pressure P in the cavity by the pressure sensor until the pressure value P reaches the initial packaging pressure P 1 Closing the air inlet valve;
s3, determining the packaging pressure P required by the electric pile according to the temperature and the air pressure inside the single cell module 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Packaging pressure P 2 Plus the pressure loss value P caused by the movement of the pressing plate s Obtaining a real-time calibration pressure value P in the cavity b ；
S4, the pressure sensor collects the pressure P in the cavity, and the pressure P and the calibrated pressure value P are used for obtaining the pressure P b The opening degree of the intake valve and the outlet valve and the gas flow rate of the pressure regulating valve are obtained.
Further, a calibration pressure value P is calculated b Difference from the pressure P, and setting a determination value DeltaP 1 、ΔP 2 、ΔP 3 ，
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
and when the opening degree of the air outlet valve is not lower than 20%.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
when the opening degree of the intake valve is not less than 20%.
Further, the method comprises the steps of,
when the pressure regulating valve is in accordance with a×q 0 Wherein:
the invention also provides a fuel cell stack assembly pressure regulating device, which adopts the fuel cell stack assembly pressure regulating method, comprising the following steps:
a controller electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the pressure regulating valve, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve and used for controlling the air flow rate of the pressure regulating valve, the opening of the air inlet valve and the opening of the air outlet valve;
an air source, which is communicated with the pressure regulating valve and is used for conveying compressed air to the cavity;
a calculation unit for calibrating the pressure value P according to the pressure P b The opening degree of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve and the air flow rate of the pressure regulating valve are calculated.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
according to the fuel cell stack provided by the invention, the cavity is arranged in the anode end plate, the floating pressing plate is arranged in the cavity, and the pressing plate is promoted to provide certain packaging pressure by filling compressed air into the cavity, so that the packaging pressure is more uniform, the cavity pressure is acquired in real time through the pressure sensor in the air, the packaging pressure is further dynamically regulated in real time, the packaging pressure regulation of the whole life cycle of the fuel cell stack is realized, the operation of the fuel cell stack under the optimal assembly pressure is ensured, and the performance and the service life of the fuel cell stack are greatly improved.
In the pressure regulating process, the loss value of the pressure in the cavity is obtained by pre-experiment and by combining the assembly form of the pressing plate, so that the calibration pressure value in the cavity is calculated, the accuracy of packaging pressure regulation is further improved, and the service life of the electric pile is prolonged.
According to the pressure regulation method, in the pressure regulation process, the pressure regulation is carried out according to the difference value of the collected pressure and the calibrated pressure and the grade, so that not only can the regulation precision be improved, but also the aim of quick regulation can be achieved, overshoot fluctuation in the pressure regulation process is avoided, and the regulation precision is improved.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an isometric view of a fuel cell stack provided by the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a front view of a fuel cell stack provided by the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a top view of a fuel cell stack provided by the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a schematic view showing an exploded structure of an anode end plate and a pressure plate of a fuel cell stack according to the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of the anode end plate and the pressure plate.
Reference numerals illustrate:
1. cathode end plate, 2, cathode current collector, 3, single cell module, 4, anode current collector, 5, anode end plate, 6, pressing plate, 7, switching valve, 8, air inlet valve, 9, air outlet valve, 10, pressure regulating valve, 11, manometer, 12, coaming, 13, sealing ring, 14 support, 15, CVM test module, 16, fastening bolt, 17, rib plate, 18, pressure sensor.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly described below with reference to the accompanying drawings, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are not all embodiments of the present invention, and all other embodiments obtained by a person skilled in the art without making any inventive effort are within the scope of protection of the present invention.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 1-3, the present embodiment provides a fuel cell stack, which includes a cathode end plate 1, a cathode current collecting plate 2, a single cell module 3, an anode current collecting plate 4 and an anode end plate 5 stacked in sequence from bottom to top, wherein a cavity is arranged in the anode end plate 5, a pressing plate 6 is arranged in the cavity, the pressing plate 6 is slidably connected with the anode end plate 5, and a surface of the pressing plate 6 away from the anode end plate 5 is in contact connection with the anode current collecting plate 4;
the cavity is internally provided with a pressure sensor 18, the upper surface of the anode end plate 5 is provided with an air port communicated with the cavity, the air port is communicated with a switching valve 7, the switching valve 7 is a four-way valve, and four interfaces of the switching valve 7 are respectively connected with the air port, an air inlet valve 8, an air outlet valve 9 and a pressure gauge 11. The air inlet valve 8 is communicated with the pressure regulating valve 10 through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve 10 is connected with a gas source.
As shown in fig. 4 and 5, the edge of the pressing plate 6 is provided with a coaming 12 extending upwards, and the outer wall of the coaming 12 is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the anode end plate 5. In order to increase the tightness and reduce the sliding noise, the outer wall of the coaming 12 is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring 13 is arranged in the groove.
The inside of clamp plate 6 sets up a plurality of gusset 17, gusset 17 will the regional division of bounding wall 12 becomes a plurality of recesses, the recess all with the cavity intercommunication. The rib plates 17 are arranged to ensure uniform pressure in the cavity, reduce stress deformation in the pressing plate 6 and improve the use strength of the pressing plate.
As shown in fig. 2, a CVM test module 15 is disposed on the right side of the fuel cell stack, and is an important component of a fuel cell system, a stack detection device, and a PEM hydrogen production device, and the working principle is as follows: and acquiring a single voltage (or total voltage of the electric pile) signal, sending the single voltage (or total voltage of the electric pile) signal to a fuel cell system controller, and judging the working state of the fuel cell through checking the single voltage signal.
A vertical support 14 may also be provided below the fuel cell stack for supporting the fuel cell stack. Four fastening bolts 16 are arranged on the periphery of the upper surface of the anode end plate 5 in an array manner, during the process of assembling the fuel cell stack, a stack assembling press is used for compressing the stack to a certain packaging pressure, and the stack is assembled and locked according to fixed torque by the fastening bolts 16.
Example two
The present embodiment provides a fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjustment method applied to the fuel cell stack in the first embodiment, the adjustment method including:
s1, stacking a cathode end plate 1, a cathode current collecting plate 2, a single cell module 3, an anode current collecting plate 4, a pressing plate 6 and an anode end plate 5, and compressing the stack to a packaging pressure P 0 Locking and fixing the galvanic pile;
s2, opening the air inlet valve 8, closing the air outlet valve 9, and adjusting the air flow rate of the pressure regulating valve 10 to be Q 0 Compressed air is filled into the cavity, and the pressure P in the cavity is collected by the pressure sensor 18 until the pressure value P reaches the initial packaging pressure P 1 Closing the inlet valve 8;
s3, determining the packaging pressure P required by the electric pile according to the temperature and the air pressure inside the single cell module 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Packaging pressure P 2 Plus the pressure loss value P caused by the movement of the pressing plate s Obtaining a real-time calibration pressure value P in the cavity b ；
In this embodiment, the pressure loss value caused by the movement of the pressing plate 6 is obtained by a pre-test method, the magnitude of the pressure loss value is related to the selection of the installation gap between the pressing plate 6 and the anode end plate 5 and the selection of the sealing ring, and in the subsequent assembly process, the assembly parameters which are the same as the pre-test installation parameters (the installation gap and the sealing ring) can be selected; the corresponding relation between the mounting gap of the pressing plate and the anode end plate can be obtained through experiments in advance. In the pressure adjusting process, the same sealing ring is used, a new installation gap between the pressing plate 6 and the anode end plate 5 is obtained, a new pressure loss value is obtained, and pressure adjustment is performed.
S4, the pressure sensor 18 collects the pressure P in the cavity, and the pressure P are used for measuring the pressureCalibration pressure value P b The opening degree of the intake valve and the outlet valve and the gas flow rate of the pressure regulating valve are obtained.
Calculating a calibrated pressure value P b And the difference value of the pressure P in the cavity is set to be the determination value delta P 1 、ΔP 2 、ΔP 3 ，
according to the embodiment, the difference value is compared with the set judgment value according to the difference value of the acquired pressure and the calibrated pressure, and the pressure is regulated according to the comparison result, so that the accurate, fine and precise control of the pressure regulation is realized, the purpose of rapid regulation is achieved, and the regulation accuracy is improved.
Example III
The present embodiment provides a fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjustment device, which adopts the fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjustment method of the second embodiment, including:
a controller electrically connected to the pressure sensor 18, the pressure regulating valve 10, the intake valve 8, and the outlet valve 9, and configured to control the gas flow rate of the pressure regulating valve 10, the opening of the intake valve 8, and the opening of the outlet valve 9;
an air source, which communicates with the pressure regulating valve 10, for delivering compressed air to the cavity;
a calculation unit for calibrating the pressure value P according to the pressure P b The opening degree of the intake valve 8 and the outlet valve 9 and the gas flow rate of the pressure regulating valve 10 are calculated.
The above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention and not for limiting the same, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to examples, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications and equivalents may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the technical solution of the present invention, which is intended to be covered by the claims of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. The fuel cell stack comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate and an anode end plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, and is characterized in that a cavity is formed in the anode end plate, a pressing plate is arranged in the cavity and is in sliding connection with the anode end plate, and the surface of the pressing plate, far away from the anode end plate, is in contact connection with the anode current collecting plate;
the cavity is internally provided with a pressure sensor, the surface of the anode end plate is provided with an air port communicated with the cavity, the air port is communicated with a switching valve, and the switching valve is connected with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve;
the edge of the pressing plate is provided with an upward extending coaming, and the outer wall of the coaming is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the anode end plate;
the outer wall of the coaming is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the groove;
the air inlet valve is communicated with the pressure regulating valve through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve is connected with a gas source;
the assembly pressure adjusting method of the fuel cell stack includes:
s1, stacking a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate, a pressing plate and an anode end plate, and compressing a galvanic pile to packaging pressure P 0 Locking the galvanic pile;
s2, opening an air inlet valve, closing an air outlet valve, and adjusting the air flow of the pressure regulating valve to be Q 0 Filling compressed air into the cavity, and collecting the pressure P in the cavity by the pressure sensor until the pressure value P reaches the initial packaging pressure P 1 Closing the air inlet valve;
s3, determining the packaging pressure P required by the electric pile according to the temperature and the air pressure inside the single cell module 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Packaging pressure P 2 Plus the pressure loss value P caused by the movement of the pressing plate s Obtaining a real-time calibration pressure value P in the cavity b ；
S4, the pressure sensor collects the pressure P in the cavity, and the pressure P and the calibrated pressure value P are used for obtaining the pressure P b Obtaining the opening degree of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve and the air flow of a pressure regulating valve;
calculating a calibrated pressure value P b Difference from the pressure P, and setting a determination value DeltaP 1 、ΔP 2 、ΔP 3 ，
2. The fuel cell stack according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of rib plates are provided inside the pressing plate, the rib plates divide an area surrounded by the surrounding plate into a plurality of grooves, and the grooves are all communicated with the cavity.
3. A fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjustment method, applied to a fuel cell stack, comprising:
s1, stacking a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate, a pressing plate and an anode end plate, and compressing a galvanic pile to packaging pressure P 0 Locking the galvanic pile;
s2, opening an air inlet valve, closing an air outlet valve, and adjusting the air flow of the pressure regulating valve to be Q 0 Will pressCompressed air is filled into the cavity, and the pressure P in the cavity is collected through the pressure sensor until the pressure value P reaches the initial packaging pressure P 1 Closing the air inlet valve;
s3, determining the packaging pressure P required by the electric pile according to the temperature and the air pressure inside the single cell module 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Packaging pressure P 2 Plus the pressure loss value P caused by the movement of the pressing plate s Obtaining a real-time calibration pressure value P in the cavity b ；
S4, the pressure sensor collects the pressure P in the cavity, and the pressure P and the calibrated pressure value P are used for obtaining the pressure P b Obtaining the opening degree of an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve and the air flow of a pressure regulating valve;
calculating a calibrated pressure value P b Difference from the pressure P, and setting a determination value DeltaP 1 、ΔP 2 、ΔP 3 ，
the fuel cell stack comprises a cathode end plate, a cathode current collecting plate, a single cell module, an anode current collecting plate and an anode end plate which are sequentially stacked from bottom to top, wherein a cavity is formed in the anode end plate, a pressing plate is arranged in the cavity and is in sliding connection with the anode end plate, and the surface of the pressing plate, far away from the anode end plate, is in contact connection with the anode current collecting plate;
the cavity is internally provided with a pressure sensor, the surface of the anode end plate is provided with an air port communicated with the cavity, the air port is communicated with a switching valve, and the switching valve is connected with an air inlet valve and an air outlet valve;
the edge of the pressing plate is provided with an upward extending coaming, and the outer wall of the coaming is in sliding contact with the inner wall of the anode end plate;
the outer wall of the coaming is provided with a groove, and a sealing ring is arranged in the groove;
the air inlet valve is communicated with the pressure regulating valve through a pipeline, and the pressure regulating valve is connected with a gas source.
4. The fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting method according to claim 3, wherein,
and when the opening degree of the air outlet valve is not lower than 20%.
5. The fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting method according to claim 3, wherein,
when the opening degree of the intake valve is not less than 20%.
6. The fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting method according to claim 3, wherein,
when the pressure regulating valve is in accordance with a×q 0 Wherein:
7. a fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting apparatus employing the fuel cell stack assembly pressure adjusting method according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized by comprising:
a controller electrically connected with the pressure sensor, the pressure regulating valve, the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve and used for controlling the air flow rate of the pressure regulating valve, the opening of the air inlet valve and the opening of the air outlet valve;
an air source, which is communicated with the pressure regulating valve and is used for conveying compressed air to the cavity;
a calculation unit for calibrating the pressure value P according to the pressure P b The opening degree of the air inlet valve and the air outlet valve and the air flow rate of the pressure regulating valve are calculated.
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