CN116164606A - Precise blasting control method for deep-buried central drainage ditch of large-section tunnel - Google Patents
Precise blasting control method for deep-buried central drainage ditch of large-section tunnel Download PDFInfo
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- CN116164606A CN116164606A CN202211598634.2A CN202211598634A CN116164606A CN 116164606 A CN116164606 A CN 116164606A CN 202211598634 A CN202211598634 A CN 202211598634A CN 116164606 A CN116164606 A CN 116164606A
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 59
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 46
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 86
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001502 supplementing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 17
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000013049 sediment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910001294 Reinforcing steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D3/00—Particular applications of blasting techniques
- F42D3/04—Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blasting
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/006—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries by making use of blasting methods
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
- F42D—BLASTING
- F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
- F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/20—Hydro energy
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, in particular to a method for controlling precise blasting of a deep-buried central drainage ditch of a large-section tunnel, which comprises the following steps: s1: simultaneously blasting and excavating a tunnel inverted arch and a central drainage ditch by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and uniformly marking the positions of blasting and drilling holes on the ground by measuring and scribing; s2: drilling holes at the pre-marked positions through drilling equipment, wherein the depth of the blastholes is controlled according to the actual shape of the inverted arch and the distance between the central drainage ditch and the ground in the drilling process, the depth of the blastholes increases gradually from two sides of the ground to the center, and the depth of the blastholes at the central drainage ditch is larger than the depths of the blastholes at the other positions; s3: according to the pre-designed explosive quantity, explosive is filled into the blast hole, then a digital electronic detonator is installed in the blast hole, the blast hole is plugged, and after relevant protective measures are taken, detonation operation is carried out, so that the tunnel inverted arch and the deep-buried central drainage ditch can be subjected to primary blasting forming.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and particularly relates to a precise blasting control method for a deep-buried central drainage ditch of a large-section tunnel.
Background
The underground water with different degrees is generally distributed in the stratum around the tunnel, so that a drainage system is required to be arranged in the tunnel, and after the underground water seeps out from surrounding rock, the underground water flows into drainage side ditches at two sides of the road surface or a central ditch in the middle of the road surface through longitudinal and transverse blind pipes, and finally is discharged out of the tunnel.
One chinese patent with publication number CN113090325a discloses a construction method for a tunnel drainage ditch, which includes excavating a tunnel and initially supporting to a set length, and then excavating a top pipe working well vertically on a tunnel base as an originating well; hardening the well wall and the well bottom of the pipe-jacking working well; arranging a drain hole on the wall of the pipe-jacking working well, reserving an annular water collecting tank at the bottom of the pipe-jacking working well, and arranging a drainage facility in the annular water collecting tank; installing a counter-force seat and jacking equipment in the pipe-jacking working well, wherein the jacking equipment pushes the precast concrete pipe to a set length section by section along the extending direction of the tunnel to form a deep buried ditch; after the pipe jacking construction is completed, binding reinforcing steel bars in the pipe jacking working well, and pouring concrete to seal the wellhead of the pipe jacking working well. The method adopts the pipe jacking technology to construct the deep buried ditch on the tunnel substrate, thereby avoiding the damage of open cut construction to the arch foot, the vault and the primary support structure strength of the tunnel.
In the prior art, in the tunnel construction process, an inverted arch is generally required to be additionally arranged at the bottom of a tunnel, and the blasting excavation work of the deep-buried central drainage ditch can be performed after the inverted arch is excavated, so that the working procedure is complex, and the construction progress is seriously influenced.
Therefore, the invention provides a precise blasting control method for a deep-buried central drainage ditch of a large-section tunnel.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, at least one technical problem presented in the background art is solved.
The technical scheme adopted for solving the technical problems is as follows: the invention relates to a precise blasting control method for a deep-buried central drainage ditch of a large-section tunnel, which comprises the following steps:
s1: simultaneously blasting and excavating a tunnel inverted arch and a central drainage ditch by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and uniformly marking the positions of blasting and drilling holes on the ground by measuring and scribing;
s2: drilling holes at the pre-marked positions through drilling equipment, wherein the depth of the blastholes is controlled according to the actual shape of the inverted arch and the distance between the central drainage ditch and the ground in the drilling process, the depth of the blastholes increases gradually from two sides of the ground to the center, and the depth of the blastholes at the central drainage ditch is larger than the depths of the blastholes at the other positions;
s3: loading explosive into a blast hole according to the pre-designed explosive amount, then installing a digital electronic detonator in the blast hole, plugging the blast hole, performing detonation operation after relevant protective measures are taken, and performing primary blasting forming on the inverted arch of the tunnel and the deep-buried central drainage ditch;
through evenly drilling on ground to make the big gun hole degree of depth increase from ground both sides to the center, the big gun hole degree of depth that control ground center department was greater than the big gun hole degree of depth of other positions, can form invert and central escape canal simultaneously after blasting from this, carry out simultaneous blasting excavation to tunnel invert and buried central escape canal deeply through this method, can make tunnel invert and buried central escape canal once blasting shaping deeply, shorten escape canal operating time, reduce escape canal operating cost, simplify tunnel excavation construction process.
Preferably, the diameter of the blast holes is set to be 60-90mm, and the interval of the blast holes is set to be 400-500mm.
Preferably, the drilling apparatus in step S2 includes a vehicle body; the front end of the vehicle body is provided with a drilling cylinder through a bracket, and the drilling cylinder penetrates through the bracket and is vertically arranged; a drill bit is arranged in the drill cylinder; the driving assembly is arranged in the drill barrel, and the drill bit is controlled by the driving assembly; the driving assembly can control the drill bit to rotate and move up and down in the drill cylinder; the bottom of the drill cylinder is fixedly connected with a protective sleeve, and a drill bit is positioned in the protective sleeve in the drilling process; the drilling equipment is moved to a position marked in advance, the drill bit is driven to rotate and is controlled to continuously move downwards through the driving assembly, so that the drill bit is drilled into the ground to form a blast hole, and in the process, stone slag and dust generated during drilling can be blocked inside the protective sleeve by arranging the protective sleeve, so that the damage to constructors caused by splashing of the stone slag is avoided, and the problem that a large amount of dust is raised to pollute the environment is avoided.
Preferably, the protective sleeve is provided with a folding elastic air bag structure, and can stretch out and draw back; the drill cylinder is internally provided with an air supply assembly which is communicated with the protective sleeve through a pipeline; when drilling, can be through the inside air feed of air feed subassembly to the lag, and then make the lag downwardly extending and paste tight ground, improve the degree of blockking up stone dust and dust, further avoid the stone dust to splash and the problem that the dust raised, can stop the air feed after the drilling is ended, the lag shrink that resets to do not influence drilling equipment's normal movement.
Preferably, the inner side surface of the protective sleeve is fixedly connected with an elastic layer, and the elastic layer is made of rubber materials; through set up the elastic layer in the lag inboard, can play the cushioning effect, avoid the stone sediment that splashes to stab the lag with the problem of gas leakage, extension lag's life.
Preferably, a piston cylinder is fixedly connected at the position, close to the protective sleeve, inside the drilling cylinder; the piston cylinder is internally connected with a piston plate in a sliding manner, and the piston plate is made of magnetic materials; an overflow hole is formed in the bottom of the drill cylinder at a position close to the protective sleeve; clean water is added into the piston cylinder above the piston plate and is communicated with the overflow hole through a hose; the magnetic block is fixedly connected in the drill bit, and can generate attractive force to the piston plate when the magnetic block is close to the piston plate; after the drilling is finished, the driving assembly controls the drill bit to move upwards and retract into the drill cylinder, and because of the attraction effect of the magnetic block on the piston plate, the drill bit drives the piston plate to move upwards through the magnetic block at the moment, so that the piston plate extrudes water in the piston cylinder, the water is extruded downwards through the hose and the overflow hole, and water flowing out of the overflow hole washes the surface of the inner side wall of the protective sleeve, so that dust and impurities adhered to the surface of the elastic layer are cleaned, and the use effect of the protective sleeve is improved.
Preferably, a water storage tank is fixedly connected in the drill cylinder, and clean water is added in the water storage tank; the interior of the piston cylinder above the piston plate is communicated with the water storage tank through a water supplementing pipe; the hose and the water replenishing pipe are internally provided with one-way valves; in drilling operation, the drill bit can drive the piston plate to synchronously move downwards through the magnetic block when moving downwards, so that negative pressure is generated in the piston cylinder above the piston plate, water in the water storage tank is sucked into the piston cylinder through the water supplementing pipe, and the water in the piston cylinder is extruded downwards when moving upwards, so that the cleaning operation can be circularly performed.
Preferably, the bottom of the drill cylinder is fixedly connected with a water passing shell at a position close to the inner side of the protective sleeve, and the water passing shell is circular; one side of the water passing shell, which is far away from the protective sleeve, is communicated with the overflow hole, and the overflow hole is tangential to the water passing shell; an opening is formed in one side, close to the protective sleeve, of the water passing shell, and a gap exists between the opening and the elastic layer; a rotary column is rotatably connected inside the water passing shell; a group of blades are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the surface of the rotary column, and the blades can be contacted with the elastic layer in the rotating process of the rotary column; when water is extruded downwards through the overflow hole, water flow enters the water passing shell, pushes the blades and the rotary column to rotate, and then the blades continuously stir the elastic layer, so that the protective sleeve is continuously vibrated, and meanwhile, the water flow washes the elastic layer through the opening, so that dust and magazines on the surface of the elastic layer are rapidly shaken off, and the cleaning efficiency of the elastic layer is further improved.
Preferably, a metal block is fixedly connected to the surface of the elastic layer at a position close to the opening of the water passing shell, and the blade can be contacted with the metal block in the rotating process of the rotary column; through setting up the metal piece, the blade rotates the in-process can be used in the metal piece surface, but not with elastic layer direct contact, because the elastic layer is flexible material, this operation can reduce the wearing and tearing degree of elastic layer, avoids the blade high frequency to scrape movable elastic layer, leads to the problem of elastic layer fracture damage.
Preferably, a group of grooves are uniformly formed in one side, close to the water passing shell, of the metal block; the inside of the groove is rotationally connected with a pulley through a rotating shaft, and the pulley protrudes out of the surface of the metal block; in the process of blade rotation, the metal block is contacted, the plurality of pulleys are uniformly distributed on the surface of the metal block, the end part of the blade can be contacted with the pulleys and stir the pulleys to rotate, so that rolling friction is formed between the blade and the metal block, friction resistance between the blade and the metal block is reduced, smoothness of the rotating column is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion degree of the end part of the blade and the metal block can be reduced.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. according to the precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, holes are uniformly drilled on the ground, the depth of the blastholes increases gradually from two sides of the ground to the center, the depth of the blastholes at the center of the ground is controlled to be larger than that of blastholes at other positions, and therefore an inverted arch and a central drainage ditch can be formed simultaneously after blasting.
2. According to the precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, the drilling equipment is moved to the position marked in advance, the drill bit is driven to rotate by the driving assembly and is controlled to move downwards continuously, so that the drill bit is drilled into the ground to form a blast hole, in the process, stone slag and dust generated during drilling can be blocked in the protective sleeve by the protective sleeve, the damage to constructors caused by splashing of the stone slag is avoided, and meanwhile, the problem that the environment is polluted due to the fact that the dust is raised in a large amount is also avoided.
Drawings
The invention is further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the method of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic construction view of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the drilling apparatus of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a protective sheath according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 4 at A;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a metal block according to the present invention;
in the figure: the hydraulic drill comprises a vehicle body 1, a bracket 2, a drill cylinder 3, a drill bit 4, a protective sleeve 5, an elastic layer 6, a piston cylinder 7, a piston plate 8, an overflow hole 9, a hose 10, a magnetic block 11, a water storage tank 12, a water supplementing pipe 13, a water passing shell 14, an opening 15, a rotary column 16, a blade 17, a metal block 18, a rotary shaft 19 and a pulley 20.
Detailed Description
The invention is further described in connection with the following detailed description in order to make the technical means, the creation characteristics, the achievement of the purpose and the effect of the invention easy to understand.
As shown in fig. 1 to 2, the precise blasting control method for the deep buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel comprises the following steps:
s1: simultaneously blasting and excavating a tunnel inverted arch and a central drainage ditch by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and uniformly marking the positions of blasting and drilling holes on the ground by measuring and scribing;
s2: drilling holes at the pre-marked positions through drilling equipment, wherein the depth of the blastholes is controlled according to the actual shape of the inverted arch and the distance between the central drainage ditch and the ground in the drilling process, the depth of the blastholes increases gradually from two sides of the ground to the center, and the depth of the blastholes at the central drainage ditch is larger than the depths of the blastholes at the other positions;
s3: loading explosive into a blast hole according to the pre-designed explosive amount, then installing a digital electronic detonator in the blast hole, plugging the blast hole, performing detonation operation after relevant protective measures are taken, and performing primary blasting forming on the inverted arch of the tunnel and the deep-buried central drainage ditch;
through evenly drilling on ground to make the big gun hole degree of depth increase from ground both sides to the center, the big gun hole degree of depth that control ground center department was greater than the big gun hole degree of depth of other positions, can form invert and central escape canal simultaneously after blasting from this, carry out simultaneous blasting excavation to tunnel invert and buried central escape canal deeply through this method, can make tunnel invert and buried central escape canal once blasting shaping deeply, shorten escape canal operating time, reduce escape canal operating cost, simplify tunnel excavation construction process.
The diameter of the blast holes is set to be 60-90mm, and the distance between the blast holes is set to be 400-500mm.
Example 1
As shown in fig. 3 to 5, the drilling apparatus in step S2 includes a vehicle body 1; the front end of the vehicle body 1 is provided with a drilling cylinder 3 through a bracket 2, and the drilling cylinder 3 penetrates through the bracket 2 and is vertically arranged; a drill bit 4 is arranged in the drill cylinder 3; a driving assembly is arranged in the drill cylinder 3, and the drill bit 4 is controlled by the driving assembly; the driving assembly can control the drill bit 4 to rotate and move up and down in the drill cylinder 3; the bottom of the drill cylinder 3 is fixedly connected with a protective sleeve 5, and a drill bit 4 is positioned in the protective sleeve 5 in the drilling process; the drilling equipment is moved to a position marked in advance, the drill bit 4 is driven to rotate and is controlled to continuously move downwards through the driving assembly, so that the drill bit 4 is drilled into the ground to form a blast hole, and in the process, stone slag and dust generated during drilling can be blocked inside the protective sleeve 5 by arranging the protective sleeve 5, so that the damage to constructors caused by splashing of the stone slag is avoided, and the problem that a large amount of dust is raised to pollute the environment is also avoided.
The protective sleeve 5 is of a folding elastic air bag structure, and the protective sleeve 5 can stretch out and draw back; an air supply assembly is arranged in the drill cylinder 3 and is communicated with the protective sleeve 5 through a pipeline; when drilling, can be through the inside air feed of air feed subassembly to lag 5, and then impel lag 5 downwardly extending and paste tight ground, improve the degree of blockking up stone dust and dust, further avoid the stone dust to splash and the problem that the dust lifted, can stop the air feed after the drilling is ended, lag 5 resets the shrink to do not influence drilling equipment's normal movement.
An elastic layer 6 is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the protective sleeve 5, and the elastic layer 6 is made of rubber materials; through set up elastic layer 6 in lag 5 inboard, can play the cushioning effect, avoid the stone sediment that splashes to stab lag 5 the problem of gas leakage, extension lag 5's life.
A piston cylinder 7 is fixedly connected at the position, close to the protective sleeve 5, inside the drill cylinder 3; a piston plate 8 is connected inside the piston cylinder 7 in a sliding manner, and the piston plate 8 is made of a magnetic material; an overflow hole 9 is formed in the bottom of the drill cylinder 3 at a position close to the protective sleeve 5; clean water is added into the piston cylinder 7 above the piston plate 8 and is communicated with the overflow hole 9 through a hose 10; a magnetic block 11 is fixedly connected in the drill bit 4, and attractive force can be generated on the piston plate 8 when the magnetic block 11 is close to the piston plate 8; after the drilling is finished, the driving assembly controls the drill bit 4 to move upwards and retract into the drill cylinder 3, and because of the attraction effect of the magnetic block 11 on the piston plate 8, the drill bit 4 drives the piston plate 8 to move upwards through the magnetic block 11, so that the piston plate 8 extrudes water in the piston cylinder 7, the water is extruded downwards through the hose 10 and the overflow hole 9, and water flowing out of the overflow hole 9 washes the surface of the inner side wall of the protective sleeve 5, so that dust and impurities adhered to the surface of the elastic layer 6 are cleaned, and the use effect of the protective sleeve 5 is improved.
A water storage tank 12 is fixedly connected inside the drill cylinder 3, and clean water is added inside the water storage tank 12; the interior of the piston cylinder 7 above the piston plate 8 is communicated with the water storage tank 12 through a water supplementing pipe 13; the hose 10 and the water replenishing pipe 13 are internally provided with one-way valves; in the drilling operation, the drill bit 4 drives the piston plate 8 to synchronously move downwards through the magnetic block 11 when moving downwards, so that negative pressure is generated in the piston cylinder 7 above the piston plate 8, water in the water storage tank 12 is sucked into the piston cylinder 7 through the water supplementing pipe 13, and the water in the piston cylinder 7 is extruded downwards when moving upwards through the drill bit 4, so that the cleaning operation can be circularly performed.
A water passing shell 14 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill cylinder 3 close to the inner side of the protective sleeve 5, and the water passing shell 14 is circular; one side of the water passing shell 14, which is far away from the protective sleeve 5, is communicated with the overflow hole 9, and the overflow hole 9 is tangential to the water passing shell 14; an opening 15 is arranged on one side of the water passing shell 14, which is close to the protective sleeve 5, and a gap exists between the opening 15 and the elastic layer 6; a rotary column 16 is rotatably connected inside the water passing shell 14; a group of blades 17 are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the surface of the rotating column 16, and the blades 17 can be contacted with the elastic layer 6 in the rotating process of the rotating column 16; when water is extruded downwards through the overflow hole 9, water flow enters the water passing shell 14 and pushes the blades 17 and the rotary column 16 to rotate, and then the blades 17 continuously stir the elastic layer 6, so that the protective sleeve 5 is continuously vibrated, and meanwhile, the elastic layer 6 is flushed through the opening 15 by the water flow, so that dust and magazines on the surface of the elastic layer 6 are rapidly shaken off, and the cleaning efficiency of the elastic layer 6 is further improved.
A metal block 18 is fixedly connected to the surface of the elastic layer 6 near the opening 15 of the water passing shell 14, and the blades 17 can be contacted with the metal block 18 in the rotating process of the rotary column 16; through setting up the metal piece 18, blade 17 rotates the in-process and can act on the metal piece 18 surface, but not with elastic layer 6 direct contact, because elastic layer 6 is flexible material, this operation can reduce the wearing and tearing degree of elastic layer 6, avoids blade 17 high frequency to scrape elastic layer 6, leads to the problem of elastic layer 6 fracture damage.
Example two
As shown in fig. 6, in comparative example one, another embodiment of the present invention is: a group of grooves are uniformly formed in one side, close to the water passing shell 14, of the metal block 18; the inside of the groove is rotatably connected with a pulley 20 through a rotating shaft 19, and the pulley 20 protrudes out of the surface of the metal block 18; the blade 17 contacts the metal block 18 in the rotating process, through a plurality of pulleys 20 uniformly distributed on the surface of the metal block 18, the end part of the blade 17 contacts the pulleys 20 and toggles the pulleys 20 to rotate, so that rolling friction is formed between the blade 17 and the metal block 18, friction resistance between the blade 17 and the metal block 18 is reduced, smoothness of the rotating column 16 in rotating is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion degree of the end part of the blade 17 and the metal block 18 can be reduced.
Working principle: the method comprises the steps of uniformly drilling holes on the ground, gradually increasing the depths of the blastholes from two sides of the ground to the center, controlling the depths of the blastholes at the center of the ground to be larger than the depths of the blastholes at other positions, forming inverted arches and central drainage ditches simultaneously after blasting, performing simultaneous blasting excavation on the inverted arches of the tunnels and the deep-buried central drainage ditches by the method, performing primary blasting formation on the inverted arches of the tunnels and the deep-buried central drainage ditches, shortening the operation time of the drainage ditches, reducing the operation cost of the drainage ditches, and simplifying the tunnel excavation construction procedure; the drilling equipment is moved to a position marked in advance, the drill bit 4 is driven to rotate by the driving assembly and is controlled to continuously move downwards, so that the drill bit 4 is drilled into the ground to form a blast hole, in the process, stone slag and dust generated during drilling can be blocked in the protective sleeve 5 by arranging the protective sleeve 5, the damage to constructors caused by splashing of the stone slag is avoided, and meanwhile, the problem of pollution to the environment caused by a large amount of raised dust can be avoided; when drilling is carried out, air can be supplied to the inside of the protective sleeve 5 through the air supply assembly, so that the protective sleeve 5 is further promoted to downwards extend and cling to the ground, the blocking degree of stone slag and dust is improved, the problems of splashing of the stone slag and lifting of the dust are further avoided, the air supply can be stopped after the drilling is finished, and the protective sleeve 5 is reset and contracted so as not to influence the normal movement of drilling equipment; the elastic layer 6 is arranged on the inner side of the protective sleeve 5, so that the protective sleeve 5 is buffered, the problem that splashed stone slag punctures the protective sleeve 5 and leaks air is avoided, and the service life of the protective sleeve 5 is prolonged; after the drilling is finished, the driving assembly controls the drill bit 4 to move upwards and retract into the drill cylinder 3, and because of the attraction effect of the magnetic block 11 on the piston plate 8, the drill bit 4 drives the piston plate 8 to move upwards through the magnetic block 11 at the moment, so that the piston plate 8 extrudes water in the piston cylinder 7 and extrudes the water downwards through the hose 10 and the overflow hole 9, and the water flowing out of the overflow hole 9 washes the surface of the inner side wall of the protective sleeve 5, so that dust and impurities adhered to the surface of the elastic layer 6 are cleaned, and the use effect of the protective sleeve 5 is improved; in the drilling operation, when the drill bit 4 moves downwards, the magnetic block 11 drives the piston plate 8 to synchronously move downwards, so that negative pressure is generated in the piston cylinder 7 above the piston plate 8, water in the water storage tank 12 is sucked into the piston cylinder 7 through the water supplementing pipe 13, and when the drill bit 4 moves upwards, the water in the piston cylinder 7 is extruded downwards, so that the cleaning operation can be circularly performed; when water is extruded downwards through the overflow hole 9, the water enters the water passing shell 14 and pushes the blades 17 and the rotary column 16 to rotate, so that the blades 17 continuously stir the elastic layer 6 to promote the protective sleeve 5 to continuously shake, and meanwhile, the water washes the elastic layer 6 through the opening 15, so that dust and magazines on the surface of the elastic layer 6 are rapidly shaken off, and the cleaning efficiency of the elastic layer 6 is further improved; by arranging the metal block 18, the blades 17 can act on the surface of the metal block 18 in the rotating process, but not directly contact with the elastic layer 6, and as the elastic layer 6 is made of flexible materials, the operation can reduce the abrasion degree of the elastic layer 6, and the problem that the blades 17 scrape the elastic layer 6 at high frequency to cause the breakage and damage of the elastic layer 6 is avoided; the blade 17 contacts the metal block 18 in the rotating process, through a plurality of pulleys 20 uniformly distributed on the surface of the metal block 18, the end part of the blade 17 contacts the pulleys 20 and toggles the pulleys 20 to rotate, so that rolling friction is formed between the blade 17 and the metal block 18, friction resistance between the blade 17 and the metal block 18 is reduced, smoothness of the rotating column 16 in rotating is improved, and meanwhile, the abrasion degree of the end part of the blade 17 and the metal block 18 can be reduced.
The front, rear, left, right, up and down are all based on fig. 1 in the drawings of the specification, the face of the device facing the observer is defined as front, the left side of the observer is defined as left, and so on, according to the viewing angle of the person.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center," "longitudinal," "lateral," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," and the like indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientation or positional relationships shown in the drawings, merely to facilitate describing the present invention and simplify the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention.
The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, principal features and advantages of the invention. It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the present invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, and that the above embodiments and descriptions are merely illustrative of the principles of the present invention, and various changes and modifications may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, which is defined in the appended claims. The scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims and equivalents thereof.
Claims (10)
1. A precise blasting control method for a deep buried central drainage ditch of a large-section tunnel is characterized by comprising the following steps of: the method comprises the following steps:
s1: simultaneously blasting and excavating a tunnel inverted arch and a central drainage ditch by adopting a drilling and blasting method, and uniformly marking the positions of blasting and drilling holes on the ground by measuring and scribing;
s2: drilling holes at the pre-marked positions through drilling equipment, wherein the depth of the blastholes is controlled according to the actual shape of the inverted arch and the distance between the central drainage ditch and the ground in the drilling process, the depth of the blastholes increases gradually from two sides of the ground to the center, and the depth of the blastholes at the central drainage ditch is larger than the depths of the blastholes at the other positions;
s3: according to the pre-designed explosive quantity, explosive is filled into the blast hole, then a digital electronic detonator is installed in the blast hole, the blast hole is plugged, and after relevant protective measures are taken, detonation operation is carried out, so that the tunnel inverted arch and the deep-buried central drainage ditch can be subjected to primary blasting forming.
2. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 1, is characterized by comprising the following steps: the diameter of the blast holes is set to be 60-90mm, and the distance between the blast holes is set to be 400-500mm.
3. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 2, is characterized by comprising the following steps: the drilling device in step S2 comprises a vehicle body (1); the front end of the vehicle body (1) is provided with a drilling cylinder (3) through a bracket (2), and the drilling cylinder (3) penetrates through the bracket (2) and is vertically arranged; a drill bit (4) is arranged in the drill cylinder (3); a driving assembly is arranged in the drill cylinder (3), and the drill bit (4) is controlled by the driving assembly; the driving assembly can control the drill bit (4) to rotate and move up and down in the drill cylinder (3); the bottom of the drill cylinder (3) is fixedly connected with a protective sleeve (5), and a drill bit (4) is positioned in the protective sleeve (5) in the drilling process.
4. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel according to claim 3, wherein the method comprises the following steps of: the protective sleeve (5) is of a folding elastic air bag structure, and the protective sleeve (5) can stretch out and draw back; the drill cylinder (3) is internally provided with an air supply assembly which is communicated with the protective sleeve (5) through a pipeline.
5. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 4, is characterized by comprising the following steps: an elastic layer (6) is fixedly connected to the inner side surface of the protective sleeve (5), and the elastic layer (6) is made of rubber materials.
6. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed by claim 5, is characterized by comprising the following steps of: a piston cylinder (7) is fixedly connected at the position, close to the protective sleeve (5), inside the drill cylinder (3); a piston plate (8) is connected inside the piston cylinder (7) in a sliding way, and the piston plate (8) is made of a magnetic material; an overflow hole (9) is formed in the bottom of the drill cylinder (3) at a position close to the protective sleeve (5); clean water is added into the piston cylinder (7) above the piston plate (8) and is communicated with the overflow hole (9) through a hose (10); the magnetic block (11) is fixedly connected in the drill bit (4), and attractive force can be generated on the piston plate (8) when the magnetic block (11) is close to the piston plate (8).
7. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 6, is characterized by comprising the following steps: a water storage tank (12) is fixedly connected inside the drill cylinder (3), and clean water is added inside the water storage tank (12); the interior of the piston cylinder (7) above the piston plate (8) is communicated with the water storage tank (12) through a water supplementing pipe (13); the hose (10) and the water replenishing pipe (13) are internally provided with one-way valves.
8. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 7, is characterized by comprising the following steps: a water passing shell (14) is fixedly connected to the bottom of the drill cylinder (3) close to the inner side of the protective sleeve (5), and the water passing shell (14) is arranged in a round shape; one side of the water passing shell (14) far away from the protective sleeve (5) is communicated with the overflow hole (9), and the overflow hole (9) is tangential to the water passing shell (14); an opening (15) is arranged on one side of the water passing shell (14) close to the protective sleeve (5), and a gap exists between the opening (15) and the elastic layer (6); a rotary column (16) is rotatably connected inside the water passing shell (14); a group of blades (17) are uniformly distributed on the circumference of the surface of the rotating column (16), and the blades (17) can be contacted with the elastic layer (6) in the rotating process of the rotating column (16).
9. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 8, is characterized by comprising the following steps: the surface of the elastic layer (6) is fixedly connected with a metal block (18) at a position close to the opening (15) of the water passing shell (14), and the blades (17) can be contacted with the metal block (18) in the rotating process of the rotating column (16).
10. The precise blasting control method for the deep-buried central drainage ditch of the large-section tunnel, disclosed in claim 9, is characterized by comprising the following steps: a group of grooves are uniformly formed in one side, close to the water passing shell (14), of the metal block (18); the inside of the groove is rotatably connected with a pulley (20) through a rotating shaft (19), and the pulley (20) protrudes out of the surface of the metal block (18).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211598634.2A CN116164606A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Precise blasting control method for deep-buried central drainage ditch of large-section tunnel |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211598634.2A CN116164606A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Precise blasting control method for deep-buried central drainage ditch of large-section tunnel |
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| CN116164606A true CN116164606A (en) | 2023-05-26 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211598634.2A Pending CN116164606A (en) | 2022-12-12 | 2022-12-12 | Precise blasting control method for deep-buried central drainage ditch of large-section tunnel |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116164606A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-12-12 CN CN202211598634.2A patent/CN116164606A/en active Pending
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