CN116162780A - Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer - Google Patents

Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116162780A
CN116162780A CN202310142517.3A CN202310142517A CN116162780A CN 116162780 A CN116162780 A CN 116162780A CN 202310142517 A CN202310142517 A CN 202310142517A CN 116162780 A CN116162780 A CN 116162780A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
steel rail
grinding wheel
reinforcing layer
polishing
steps
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CN202310142517.3A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
谭军
李露
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Chengdu Plasmajet Science And Technology Co ltd
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Chengdu Plasmajet Science And Technology Co ltd
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Priority to CN202310142517.3A priority Critical patent/CN116162780A/en
Publication of CN116162780A publication Critical patent/CN116162780A/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/04—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for rails
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/06—Surface hardening
    • C21D1/09—Surface hardening by direct application of electrical or wave energy; by particle radiation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D7/00—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation
    • C21D7/02—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working
    • C21D7/04—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface
    • C21D7/08—Modifying the physical properties of iron or steel by deformation by cold working of the surface by burnishing or the like

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment of steel rail reinforcing layers, and provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer. The treatment process comprises the following steps: the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology and then is subjected to a steel rail inspection and polishing process in sequence; the polishing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of polishing a reinforced layer by a hard grinding wheel, checking the stress state of the reinforced surface, polishing the reinforced layer by a soft grinding wheel and checking the stress state of the reinforced surface in sequence. By using the process, the tensile stress of the steel rail reinforcing layer represented by the phase change stress and the thermal stress or the tensile stress is converted into a compressive stress state, the metallographic structure of the metallographic microcrystalline martensite of the reinforcing layer is thinned, the toughness and the fatigue resistance of the metallographic structure of the reinforcing layer are improved, and then the peeling and the falling of the hardening layer caused by internal cracks of the reinforcing layer in the external compressive stress circulation process are prevented, so that the service life of the steel rail subjected to high-energy instantaneous treatment can be greatly prolonged.

Description

Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of surface treatment of steel rail reinforcing layers, and particularly relates to a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer.
Background
Compared with the traditional surface quenching technology, the high-energy instantaneous quenching technology (including laser, plasma and electron beam) has the advantages of low energy consumption, no change of the metallographic structure form of the base metal, small deformation, controllable strengthening area and the like, becomes the most advanced steel rail surface strengthening treatment technology at home and abroad at present, and has remarkable economic and social benefits.
The main principle of the high-energy instantaneous quenching technology is that a high-energy density heat source such as plasma, laser, electron beam and the like is utilized to rapidly heat the steel rail, so that the temperature of the steel rail surface layer is above a phase transition critical point and below a melting point, after the plasma beam is removed, the steel rail metal material has good heat conductivity, so that the heated surface layer region forms an ultrafine and uniform quenched structure, the internal structure and performance of a matrix are not changed, and the aim of strengthening the steel rail surface layer can be achieved.
The high-energy instantaneous quenching technology has better effect in practical use in various industries, but as the technology is the latest steel rail surface treatment technology, a plurality of practical problems exist in the use process, and the most critical problems are as follows: the high-energy-density instantaneous irradiation can cause metal phase transformation in a local range of the metal surface of the steel rail, a phase transformation structure is in a microcrystalline martensite form, the transition range of the interface between the strengthening layer structure and the original substrate structure is narrow, the stress of the strengthening layer is characterized by large tensile stress of 0-800Mpa, the surface structure of the strengthening layer is in a trace large-grain lath-shaped martensite structure form, the surface of the strengthening layer is hard and brittle, the surface tensile stress of the superimposed large surface is caused, if the surface of the steel rail is used under the actual working condition without subsequent treatment, a small crack source can be generated in the strengthening layer in a short time under the cyclic action of external stress, the crack source can be quickly developed into a penetrating crack penetrating through the whole strengthening layer under the interaction of a severe oily environment and the cyclic fatigue stress, the penetrating crack is developed along the interface between the strengthening layer and the bottom of the substrate and finally penetrates through the whole strengthening layer, the shock of the strengthening layer is caused, the abrasion resistance of the strengthening layer is invalid, the service life of the steel rail is greatly influenced, and a new potential safety hazard is caused.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, by using the process, the tensile stress of the steel rail reinforcing layer represented by phase change stress and thermal stress or the tensile stress converted into a compressive stress state can be reduced, the metallographic structure of metallographic microcrystalline martensite of the reinforcing layer is thinned, the toughness and fatigue resistance of the metallographic structure of the reinforcing layer are improved, and then the peeling and falling of a hardening layer caused by internal cracks of the reinforcing layer in the external compressive stress circulation process are prevented, so that the service life of the steel rail subjected to high-energy instantaneous treatment can be greatly prolonged.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following solutions:
a process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer, comprising: the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology and then is subjected to a steel rail inspection and polishing process in sequence; the polishing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of polishing a reinforced layer by a hard grinding wheel, checking the stress state of the reinforced surface, polishing the reinforced layer by a soft grinding wheel and checking the stress state of the reinforced surface in sequence.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for grinding the hard grinding wheel include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 600-2000 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 60-320 meshes.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the soft grinding wheel grinding conditions include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 400-1800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 60-320 meshes.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the steel rail is inspected and then shot blasting is also included; the shot blasting process comprises the following steps: shot peening the strengthening layer, inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, shot peening the strengthening layer, and inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, which are sequentially performed.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.2-3.0mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.3-2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10-50mm.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.05-1.0mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3-2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10-50mm.
Further, in a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.5mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 25mm; : the conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.1mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 20mm.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the steel rail is inspected and then a heating and heat preserving process is also included; the heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: heating, heat preservation, cooling and detection are sequentially carried out.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, the steel rail is inspected and then a heating and heat preserving process is also included; the heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: heating, heat preservation, cooling and detection are sequentially carried out.
Further, in the preferred embodiment of the present invention, after the steel rail is inspected, a heating and heat preserving process, a polishing process and a shot blasting process are sequentially performed.
The treatment process of the steel rail reinforcing layer provided by the invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) In the polishing process, the hard grinding wheel and the soft yarn wheel are sequentially adopted to polish the surface of the steel rail reinforcing layer, so that the residual tensile stress on the surface of the reinforcing layer can be eliminated or reduced. After the process is adopted, the tensile stress state of the surface of the reinforced layer can be reduced or converted into the compressive stress state. In the process, the grinding of the hard grinding wheel is mainly used for eliminating the surface coarse grain structure, changing the surface stress state of the strengthening layer, and then the grinding of the soft grinding wheel is carried out for changing the surface stress state of the strengthening layer and correcting the surface morphology grinding wheel parameters.
(2) The polishing process is matched with the shot blasting process, so that the surface tensile stress can be further eliminated or the tensile stress can be converted into a compressive stress state. In the shot blasting process, shot blasting and sand blasting are sequentially employed, wherein the shot blasting can eliminate or transform the tensile stress state of the surface of the strengthening layer, and the sand blasting can eliminate the surface stress state and clean the surface rust.
(3) The polishing process is matched with the heating and heat preserving process, so that the surface tensile stress can be further eliminated or reduced, and the coarse grain structure of the surface of the strengthening layer can be refined.
(4) In the application, the heating and heat-preserving process, the polishing process and the shot blasting process are adopted for treatment, and particularly the heating and heat-preserving process, the polishing process and the shot blasting process are sequentially carried out, so that the surface stress state of the strengthening layer can be better changed, a tempering structure is formed, the hardness of the strengthening layer is reduced, the toughness of the strengthening layer is improved, and the situation that the strengthening layer cracks and forms stripping under the action of external stress circulation in the later actual working condition is prevented.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
The features and capabilities of the present invention are described in further detail below in connection with the examples.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially checking the steel rail and polishing the steel rail after the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology; the polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 2000 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 60 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 1800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 60 meshes.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially checking the steel rail and polishing the steel rail after the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology; the polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 600 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 320 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 400 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 320 meshes.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially checking the steel rail and polishing the steel rail after the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology; the polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 1000 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 200 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 160 meshes.
Example 4
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out steel rail inspection, heating and heat preservation, polishing and shot blasting after a steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology.
The heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating resistance wires at 50 ℃ by adopting a closed furnace body for 60min, preserving heat at 50 ℃ for 180min by adopting a closed type, cooling by adopting air cooling for 10min to room temperature, and detecting.
The polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 600 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 320 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 400 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 320 meshes.
The shot blasting process comprises the following steps: shot peening the strengthening layer, inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, shot peening the strengthening layer, and inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, which are sequentially performed. The conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.2mm, the shot blasting pressure is 2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10mm. The conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.05mm, the sand blasting pressure is 2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10mm.
Example 5
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out steel rail inspection, heating and heat preservation, polishing and shot blasting after a steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology.
The heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating resistance wire at 500 ℃ by adopting a closed furnace body for 5min, preserving heat at 500 ℃ by adopting a closed type for 10min, cooling by adopting air cooling for 10min to room temperature, and detecting.
The polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 2000 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 60 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 1800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 60 meshes.
The shot blasting process comprises the following steps: shot peening the strengthening layer, inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, shot peening the strengthening layer, and inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, which are sequentially performed. The conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 3.0mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 50mm. The conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 1.0mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 50mm.
Example 6
The embodiment provides a treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer, which comprises the steps of sequentially carrying out steel rail inspection, heating and heat preservation, polishing and shot blasting after a steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology.
The heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: sequentially heating resistance wires at 400 ℃ for 15min by adopting a closed furnace body, preserving heat at 400 ℃ for 30min by adopting a closed type, cooling for 15min to room temperature by adopting air cooling, and detecting.
The polishing process comprises the following steps: sequentially carrying out grinding of the reinforced layer by the hard grinding wheel, checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface, grinding of the reinforced layer by the soft grinding wheel and checking of the stress state of the reinforced surface; wherein, the conditions of hard emery wheel polishing include: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 1000 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 200 meshes. The conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 160 meshes.
The shot blasting process comprises the following steps: shot peening the strengthening layer, inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, shot peening the strengthening layer, and inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, which are sequentially performed. The conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.5mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 25mm. The conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.1mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 20mm.
In summary, by adopting the treatment process of the steel rail reinforcing layer provided by the invention, the tensile stress of the steel rail reinforcing layer represented by the phase change stress and the thermal stress or the conversion of the tensile stress into the compressive stress state can be reduced, the metallographic structure of metallographic microcrystalline martensite of the reinforcing layer is thinned, the toughness and the fatigue resistance of the structure of the reinforcing layer are improved, and the peeling and falling of the hardening layer caused by internal cracks of the reinforcing layer in the external compressive stress circulation process are prevented, so that the service life of the high-energy instantaneous treated steel rail can be greatly prolonged.
The above description is only of the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, but various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, etc. made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. A treatment process of a steel rail reinforcing layer is characterized in that: comprising the following steps: the steel rail is subjected to a high-energy instantaneous quenching technology and then is subjected to a steel rail inspection and polishing process in sequence; the polishing process comprises the following steps: the method comprises the steps of polishing a reinforced layer by a hard grinding wheel, checking the stress state of the reinforced surface, polishing the reinforced layer by a soft grinding wheel and checking the stress state of the reinforced surface in sequence.
2. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 1, wherein: the grinding conditions of the hard grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 600-2000 rpm, and the grinding wheel is 60-320 meshes.
3. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 2, wherein: the conditions for grinding the soft grinding wheel comprise: the rotation speed of the grinding wheel is 400-1800 revolutions per minute, and the grinding wheel is 60-320 meshes.
4. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 1, wherein: the steel rail inspection process further comprises a shot blasting process; the shot blasting process comprises the following steps: shot peening the strengthening layer, inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, shot peening the strengthening layer, and inspecting the stress state of the strengthening surface, which are sequentially performed.
5. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 4, wherein: the conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.2-3.0mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.3-2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10-50mm.
6. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 5, wherein: the conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.05-1.0mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.3-2.0Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 10-50mm.
7. A process for treating a rail reinforcing layer according to claim 6, wherein: the conditions for peening the strengthening layer include: the grain diameter of the shot is 0.5mm, the shot blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 25mm; : the conditions for sand blasting the strengthening layer include: the grain size of the sand is 0.1mm, the sand blasting pressure is 0.5Mpa, and the diameter of the nozzle is 20mm.
8. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 1, wherein: the steel rail inspection process further comprises a heating and heat preserving process; the heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: heating, heat preservation, cooling and detection are sequentially carried out.
9. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 4, wherein: the steel rail inspection process further comprises a heating and heat preserving process; the heating and heat preserving process comprises the following steps: heating, heat preservation, cooling and detection are sequentially carried out.
10. A process for treating a steel rail reinforcing layer according to claim 9, wherein: and after the steel rail is inspected, sequentially performing the heating and heat preservation process, the polishing process and the shot blasting and sand blasting process.
CN202310142517.3A 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer Pending CN116162780A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310142517.3A CN116162780A (en) 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310142517.3A CN116162780A (en) 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116162780A true CN116162780A (en) 2023-05-26

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310142517.3A Pending CN116162780A (en) 2023-02-21 2023-02-21 Treatment process of steel rail reinforcing layer

Country Status (1)

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CN (1) CN116162780A (en)

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