CN116159209B - Drop measuring algorithm and drop detector structure of medical infusion apparatus - Google Patents
Drop measuring algorithm and drop detector structure of medical infusion apparatus Download PDFInfo
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- CN116159209B CN116159209B CN202310203941.4A CN202310203941A CN116159209B CN 116159209 B CN116159209 B CN 116159209B CN 202310203941 A CN202310203941 A CN 202310203941A CN 116159209 B CN116159209 B CN 116159209B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61M—DEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
- A61M5/00—Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
- A61M5/14—Infusion devices, e.g. infusing by gravity; Blood infusion; Accessories therefor
- A61M5/168—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body
- A61M5/16886—Means for controlling media flow to the body or for metering media to the body, e.g. drip meters, counters ; Monitoring media flow to the body for measuring fluid flow rate, i.e. flowmeters
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Abstract
The application discloses a drip speed measuring algorithm and a drip detector structure of a medical infusion apparatus, which are used for measuring the drip speed of liquid drops in a drip cup of the infusion apparatus; the method comprises the following steps: s1, converting an analog signal obtained through monitoring into a digital pulse signal; s2, judging whether the liquid drop is an effective value and calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S3, calculating an average value Dt of the intervals of the two liquid drops before and after 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the S4, calculating the frequency and the dropping speed of the liquid drops. The drop detector structure uses the drop measuring algorithm of the medical infusion set, and comprises a hand-held part and a front extending part which is positioned at the upper end of the hand-held part and connected with the hand-held part; the front end of the front extension part is provided with an open positioning barrel, and the photosensitive sensor is arranged on the side wall in the positioning barrel; the application solves the problems of inaccurate measurement, unstable work and frequent missed detection and false detection in the prior art, and can finish the drop velocity measurement within 5-8 seconds by applying the technology to drop velocity measurement.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the technical field of medical care auxiliary instruments, in particular to a drop measurement algorithm and a drop detector structure of a medical infusion apparatus.
Background
Intravenous infusion is a common therapeutic means in medicine and has very wide application. Intravenous infusion is generally carried out by using a disposable infusion set, a semi-gas and semi-liquid drip cup is arranged in the middle of the infusion set, and liquid drops drip from the upper part of the drip cup, so that bubbles in infusion are eliminated. Drip speed in drip chambers is also commonly used to observe the speed of infusion. Because of a plurality of patients of intravenous transfusion, the examination of the dropping speed of the transfusion device increases a small workload for medical staff. The method for judging the infusion set dripping speed widely adopted by medical staff at present is to observe the dripping speed visually, namely, the medical staff can calculate the number of liquid drops in the drip cup while looking at a meter, so as to calculate whether the infusion set dripping speed is proper or not. This method requires at least 15-30 seconds for each measurement and requires a period of concentration during which the measurement cannot be disturbed. When patients are numerous, this gives a lot of effort to the healthcare staff.
Secondly, for some special medicines and critical patients, the drip speed of intravenous transfusion needs to be strictly controlled, and obviously, the manual meter pinching calculation or estimation mode not only increases the workload and wastes time, but also leads to inaccurate data.
Conventional optical counting algorithms are generally only suitable for simple digital pulse signals. The algorithm judges the shielding event of the optical signal by detecting the rising edge and the falling edge of the pulse, and further calculates the occurrence frequency of the event; it has been found that such a simple pulse model does not conform to the actual signal characteristics of the drop, and if the drop spacing is calculated in this way, a number of false positive signals are generated. Meanwhile, the effective signal is insufficient to suppress noise interference, so that the method is easy to amplify the influence of errors on the result, and the output result deviates from an actual value.
Such as the inventors filed an embodiment of a hand-held drop rate meter with publication number CN 213749941U. This solution gives a viable technical route to achieve rapid drop determination in terms of overall design. However, in practice, this solution has found some problems in practice. For example, if the conventional optical counting algorithm is used to implement the calculation of the drop velocity, the influence of errors on the result is easily amplified, so that the output result deviates from the actual value, the detection rate of the drop is low, and the actual measurement can only reach about 70%. Aiming at the problems, the application is further developed based on the scheme and provides a complete technical scheme.
Disclosure of Invention
The application aims to overcome the defects of the prior art, adapt to the actual needs, and provide a drip measurement algorithm and a drip detector structure of a medical infusion apparatus so as to solve the technical problems that the drip measurement in the drip cup of the current infusion apparatus is time-consuming, labor-consuming and inaccurate depending on a manual counting mode.
In order to achieve the purpose of the application, the technical scheme adopted by the application is as follows:
the application discloses a drip speed measuring algorithm of a medical infusion apparatus, which is used for measuring the drip speed of liquid drops in a drip cup of the infusion apparatus; the method comprises the following steps:
s1, monitoring liquid drops in a drip cup through at least one photosensitive sensor and converting analog signals obtained by monitoring into digital pulse signals;
s2, judging whether the liquid drop is an effective value by utilizing the characteristic that the liquid drop passes through the photosensitive sensor and instantaneously increasing, and then calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop according to the effective values of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop 0 The step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
when S21 and 1 liquid drops enter, the acquired values acquired before and after the recording liquid drops enter the photosensitive sensor are respectively X1 and X2, X1 is the acquired value before entering, X2 is the acquired value after entering, when Xa=X2-X1 is greater than a threshold +AD_MAX, the liquid drops are judged to pass, and +AD_MAX is the set maximum positive value of change; because the positions of the liquid drops and the positions of the photosensitive sensors are not fixed, more than one photosensitive sensor at the same horizontal position accords with the characteristics, namely the arrival of the liquid drops is judged;
s22, the program enters a state Z1 of a highlight state from a state 0 of a rest state, and simultaneously starts a timer to record a timer value t 0 ；
S23, when 1 liquid drop leaves, the acquired value of the photosensitive sensor has a reducing process, the front and rear two frames of data X11, X21, X11 acquired before and after the liquid drop leaves the photosensitive sensor are recorded, X21 is the acquired value before the liquid drop leaves, X21 is the acquired value after the liquid drop leaves, when Xb=X1-X21 is smaller than a threshold value-AD_MAX, the liquid drop leaves is judged, and-AD_MAX is a set maximum negative value of the change; more than one photosensor in the same row accords with the characteristics, namely, liquid drops are judged to leave;
s24, the system enters a state Z2 of a shadow state from a state Z1 of a highlight state;
s25, after entering a state Z2 of a shadow state, continuing to wait for the arrival of the next liquid drop by utilizing the steps S21 to S24, and recording a timer count value as t when the arrival of the next liquid drop is detected 1 ；
S26, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 =t 1 -t 0 ；
S27, supposing that the liquid drop is spherical in the process of reasoning calculation, enabling the height of the first row of photosensitive sensors from the liquid inlet of the drip cup to be H, enabling the height of the liquid drop to be H, and enabling the initial speed of the liquid drop to be V 0 Calculating the time required for the liquid drop to pass through the photosensitive sensor according to theoryWhen Dt is 0 >And judging, detecting and calculating Dt in T time 0 If the data is the effective value, if the data is not the effective value, the data is judged to be non-drop, and the data is required to be recalculated.
S3, calculating an average value Dt of the intervals of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop through a multipoint sliding average value filtering algorithm 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 Stored in an array;
s32, averaging according to the number of the effective data in the array to obtain a multipoint sliding average value as an average value Dt of the final two droplet intervals 1 ；
S4, calculating the frequency and the dropping speed of the liquid drops: 1min/Dt 1 。
The method also comprises a self-checking algorithm of omission test, which comprises the following steps: setting the maximum dropping speed of the liquid drop, setting the sampling frequency of the liquid drop, detecting the frequency dropping speed of the liquid drop in real time and recording the last frequency dropping speed; and comparing the frequency dropping speed detected each time with the last frequency dropping speed data, judging that the detection is missed if the frequency dropping speed detected this time is less than 1/2 times the last frequency dropping speed detected this time, discarding the data detected this time, and starting the next detection until the frequency dropping speed detected is more than 2 times the last frequency dropping speed detected this time.
The method also comprises a shielding algorithm for rebounding liquid drops, and specifically comprises the following steps: judging the sequence of the arrival of the liquid drops according to the frequency drop velocity data acquired by the two rows of the photosensitive sensors which are arranged up and down, if the upper row of the photosensitive sensors detect the frequency drop velocity data of the liquid drops first, judging the frequency drop velocity data detected by the lower row of the photosensitive sensors to be effective liquid drops, otherwise, judging the liquid drops to be splash liquid drops, and judging the liquid drops to be ineffective liquid drops.
Furthermore, the application also discloses a drop detector structure, which uses the drop measuring algorithm of the medical infusion apparatus, and comprises a handle, wherein the handle comprises a hand-held part and a front extension part which is positioned at the upper end of the hand-held part and connected with the hand-held part; the front end of the front extension part is provided with an open positioning barrel, the cross section of the positioning barrel is in a C-shaped semi-surrounding shape, the opening of the positioning barrel longitudinally extends and the upper end and the lower end of the positioning barrel penetrate through the positioning barrel, the open end of the opening is larger than the diameter of a pipeline of the infusion apparatus so as to allow the positioning barrel to be buckled on the pipeline of the infusion apparatus through the opening, and the positioning barrel is lifted so as to allow the positioning barrel to surround the drip cup through the upper opening of the positioning barrel.
The lower end opening of the positioning barrel extends downwards to form a semi-enclosed shading part; the upper opening of the positioning barrel is a necking, and the aperture of the necking is larger than the outer diameter of the drip cup and allows the drip cup to penetrate through the necking.
The lower end opening of the positioning barrel is a C-shaped necking with the aperture smaller than the inner diameter of the positioning barrel and semi-surrounding and forms the lower end face of the positioning barrel, the aperture of the C-shaped necking is smaller than the outer diameter of the drip cup, and when the positioning barrel surrounds the drip cup, the lower end of the drip cup can be propped against the upper end face of the C-shaped necking to be positioned by lifting the positioning barrel.
The horizontal instrument is a first horizontal bubble with a mounting surface perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel, or two second horizontal bubbles with own axes perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel and the axes of the two horizontal bubbles.
The photosensitive sensors on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel are multiple and surround the inner side wall of the positioning barrel, the multiple photosensitive sensors form a photosensitive array which is arranged in an upper row and a lower row at intervals, each row of photosensitive array comprises a photosensitive emitting tube and a photosensitive receiving tube coaxially corresponding to the photosensitive emitting tube, and the photosensitive emitting tubes and the photosensitive receiving tubes are symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel one by one with the axis of the positioning barrel as the center.
The application has the beneficial effects that:
the detection rate of the liquid drops is higher than 95%, the detection rate after correction algorithm can be higher than 99%, in practical application, only 5 liquid drops are needed for completing single measurement, the average measurement time is about 5 seconds, and the work load of medical staff is reduced.
The application solves the problems of inaccurate measurement, unstable work and frequent occurrence of missing error detection in the prior art. The technology is applied to the measurement of the drop velocity, the measurement of the drop velocity of the liquid drops can be completed within 5-8 seconds, and the working stability is higher than 95%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present application in a use state;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the main structure of the present application;
FIG. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion A in FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the main structure of the present application in a sectional state;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of another view of the structure of FIG. 1;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of another embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement relation between a photosensor and a drip cup in the detection state of the present application;
FIG. 8 is another schematic view of the relationship between the photosensor and drip cup in the detection state of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing the structure of the photosensor and drip cup of the present application in a horizontal cross-section;
FIG. 10 is a signal plot of acquisition value versus time for a photosensitive sensor data acquisition;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the distance relationship between a drip cup, a photosensitive sensor and a drip cup.
Detailed Description
The application is further illustrated by the following examples in conjunction with the accompanying drawings:
embodiments of the present application may be seen in fig. 1-11.
Example 1: the drop detector structure in this embodiment 1 is a carrier for implementing a drop detection algorithm of the medical infusion apparatus of the present application, and specifically includes a handle, where the handle includes a hand-held portion 1 and a protruding portion 2 located at an upper end of the hand-held portion 1 and connected to the hand-held portion 1; in this design, the front end of the extending part 2 is provided with a positioning barrel 3 with an opening 4, the cross section of the positioning barrel 3 is in a semi-surrounding shape of a C shape, specifically, the opening 4 of the positioning barrel 3 longitudinally extends and the upper end and the lower end of the opening penetrate through the positioning barrel, the opening end of the opening 4 is larger than the diameter of a pipeline of the infusion apparatus so as to allow the positioning barrel 3 to be buckled on the pipeline of the infusion apparatus through the opening, and the positioning barrel 3 is lifted so as to allow the positioning barrel 3 to surround the drip cup 5 through the upper opening of the positioning barrel 3.
Furthermore, in this design, the lower extreme opening 13 downwardly extending of location bucket forms the shading portion 15 of half encirclement, shading portion 15 can encircle and play the effect of sealed shading to drip the kettle 5 on drip the kettle 5 of transfusion system, and then avoid external light to cause the influence to photosensitive sensor 8.
Further, the upper opening of the positioning barrel 3 is a shrinkage mouth, the aperture of the shrinkage mouth is larger than the outer diameter of the drip cup 5 and allows the drip cup 5 to penetrate through the shrinkage mouth, the shrinkage mouth formed by the upper opening of the positioning barrel increases the surrounding area on the upper portion of the drip cup, the shading effect is improved, the lower opening of the positioning barrel 3 is a C-shaped shrinkage mouth 12 with the aperture smaller than the inner diameter of the positioning barrel 3 and semi-surrounding and forms the lower end face of the positioning barrel, the aperture of the C-shaped shrinkage mouth 12 is smaller than the outer diameter of the drip cup 5, when the positioning barrel 3 surrounds the drip cup 5, the lower end of the drip cup 5 can be propped against the upper end face of the C-shaped shrinkage mouth 12 by lifting the positioning barrel 3, at the moment, a pipeline of a transfusion pipe connected with the lower end of the drip cup 5 penetrates through the C-shaped shrinkage mouth 12, the pipeline connected with the transfusion pipe at the upper end of the drip cup penetrates through the upper opening of the positioning barrel 3, in the process, the bottom face of the drip cup is contacted with the lower end face of the positioning barrel to realize positioning, the lower end face of the positioning barrel is prevented from applying downward pulling force to the drip cup during detection, and the condition that the needle of the upper end of the transfusion bottle is separated from the drip cup is avoided.
In the design, the photosensitive sensor 8 is arranged on the side wall in the positioning barrel 3; meanwhile, the groove 7 is formed in the inner side wall of the positioning barrel, the photosensitive sensor 8 is installed in the groove 7, the influence of the outer protrusion of the photosensitive sensor 8 on the positioning of the drip cup is avoided through the design, meanwhile, the outer side face of the drip cup and the inner side face of the positioning barrel can be allowed to be effectively contacted under the design, and meanwhile, the influence of excessive external light on the photosensitive sensor 8 is avoided.
The photosensitive sensors 8 on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel 3 are multiple and surround the inner side wall of the positioning barrel, the photosensitive sensors 8 form a photosensitive array which is arranged in an upper row and a lower row at intervals (the interval between the upper row and the lower row of photosensitive arrays is Y), the photosensitive sensors in each row of photosensitive array comprise photosensitive emitting tubes 81 and photosensitive receiving tubes 82 (the prior art) coaxially corresponding to the photosensitive emitting tubes, and the photosensitive emitting tubes and the photosensitive receiving tubes are symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel 3 one by one with the axis of the positioning barrel as the center.
Referring to fig. 7 to 9, in the present design, the photosensitive emitting tube and the photosensitive receiving tube are symmetrically arranged at two sides of the drip cup and slightly lower than the drip cup liquid inlet 31, and at the same time, are positioned above the drip cup liquid outlet 91 and at a vertical distance of 2-4mm from the axis of the drip cup, and each row of photosensitive arrays is formed by horizontally arranging 3-5 photosensitive sensors with a spacing of 3-5 mm; the distance X between two adjacent photosensitive emitting tubes or photosensitive receiving tubes in the same row is larger than h and smaller than 2h, the row distance Y between the upper row and the lower row of photosensitive arrays is larger than the height h of liquid drops, and in the arrangement of the photosensitive sensor, the number m=2 (R/X) +2 of the photosensitive receiving tubes or the photosensitive emitting tubes is set, wherein R is the inner diameter or the width of the drip cup.
Further, referring to fig. 4, the device further includes a main control board connected to the photosensitive sensor 8, a display module 14 connected to the main control board, and a control switch 11 connected to the main control board, where the display module 14 is mounted on an outer wall of a connection portion between the hand-held portion and the front extension portion, and the main control board includes a single-chip microcomputer and a corresponding peripheral circuit for controlling data reception of the photosensitive sensor 8, and the main control board and the corresponding peripheral circuit are also very easy to implement in the field, and are not designed in this design, so that detailed descriptions of the main control board and the corresponding peripheral circuit are not provided.
In this design, control switch 11 install in on the handheld portion of handle and be used for controlling photosensitive sensor work, control switch 11 is button switch and opens and close through the depression bar 10 control of press switch 6 afterbody, and press switch 6 can adopt prior art structure to realize, and the use and the structure of press switch 6 belong to prior art and commonly used technique, and this embodiment does not make concrete description to its concrete structure any more.
Further, referring to fig. 5, the design further includes a level gauge 16 for measuring the verticality of the positioning barrel 3, where the level gauge 16 is a first horizontal bubble with a mounting surface perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel, or two second horizontal bubbles with axes perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel and with axes close to being perpendicular to each other. When the drip is measured, the drip is required to pass through between the photosensitive emitting tube and the photosensitive receiving tube, if the axis of the drip cup deviates from the vertical direction too far, the drip possibly directly falls on the inner side wall of the drip cup after leaving the drip inlet, and the drip is missed. The level gauge is arranged on the tester body to indicate the user to keep the positioning barrel vertical, so that the drip cup can be kept vertical during measurement, and the drip cup can be prevented from deviating from the central axis of the drip cup to cause missed detection; gravity sensors may be used in addition to the level gauge in the above described arrangements.
In the drip speed detection operation, firstly, a pipeline of an infusion apparatus positioned below a drip cup is clamped into a positioning barrel through an opening and the positioning barrel is moved upwards to enable the bottom of the drip cup to abut against the upper end face of the C-shaped necking 12 to finish positioning.
When the drip is measured, the drip is required to pass through between the photosensitive emitting tube and the photosensitive receiving tube, the photosensitive emitting tube and the photosensitive receiving tube are required to be positioned at the position 2-4mm below the drip cup liquid inlet 31, so when the measurement is performed, the positioning barrel is required to have an axial positioning relation with the drip cup, the positioning barrel is provided with a semi-closed inner cylindrical surface and an inner top surface, the inner cylindrical surface is similar to the outer cylindrical surface of the drip cup of the infusion apparatus, the drip cup is positioned in the positioning barrel when in operation, the inner cylindrical surface of the positioning barrel is in contact with the outer cylindrical surface of the drip cup, and the circumferential positioning of the positioning barrel relative to the drip cup is realized.
In practical tests, since the uppermost end of the infusion set is often pricked in the soft plug of the liquid medicine bottle through the needle of the infusion set, when the infusion set is subjected to downward pulling force, psychological burden of worrying about the needle being pulled out is easily brought to an operator. Therefore, the scheme that the lower end of the drip cup contacts with the lower end surface of the positioning barrel is better.
In this design, photosensitive transmitting tube and photosensitive receiving tube are located drip chamber inlet 31 below, have the position more than 1 drips liquid droplet apart from drip chamber inlet 31, and this position also can not be too far away from drip chamber inlet 31 simultaneously to avoid drip chamber inner liquid level disturbance and rebound droplet to the interference of detection. The pitch of the photosensitive receiver tubes constituting the receiver array cannot exceed a maximum of 2 drop diameters, otherwise a miss will be possible. The smaller the spacing of the photosensitive sensors, the more the capability of the drip detector to remain operating properly with the drip cup tilted. Through multiple tests, the photosensitive transmitting tube and the photosensitive receiving tube array are positioned below the drip cup liquid inlet 31, and are positioned at a vertical distance of 2-4mm from the axis of the drip cup, and the photosensitive receiving tubes are formed by horizontally arranging 3-5 photosensitive sensors with a spacing of 3-5 mm.
Example 2, see fig. 6, this example is an improved design made on the structure described in example 1, specifically:
the inside wall of location bucket 3 in this design can coat shading coating or paste shading subsides and increase the shading performance, simultaneously, can also increase black flexible glue shading lamella respectively at the top opening of location bucket, C shape throat 12, and the opening 4 of location bucket lateral part and improve the shading effect, specifically:
the black soft rubber shading valve at the opening above the positioning barrel is in a plurality of fan-shaped structures, the fan-shaped structures form a through hole for the pipeline of the infusion set to pass through in the center, and the black soft rubber shading valve 24 in the fan-shaped structures is an elastic and self-supporting shading soft rubber sheet.
The black soft rubber shading flaps positioned at the opening of the side part of the positioning barrel are of two rectangular structures arranged along the end parts of two sides of the opening, the two rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23 are arranged left and right and the end parts of the two rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23 are contacted or staggered, and because the two rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23 have elasticity, when a pipeline of the infusion apparatus is propped in the middle of the two rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23, the two rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23 can be extruded and finally enter the positioning barrel, and then the two movable ends of the rectangular black soft rubber shading flaps 23 are restored to the initial positions, so that shading of the opening is realized, shading of a drip can is further realized, and the accuracy of detection data is prevented from being influenced by light.
Embodiment 3, referring to fig. 10, a drip speed measuring algorithm of a medical infusion apparatus is used for measuring a drip speed of a drip cup of the infusion apparatus, and the drip speed measuring algorithm is implemented in combination with the drip detector structure described in embodiment 1, and includes the following steps:
s1, monitoring liquid drops in a drip cup through at least one photosensitive sensor and converting analog signals of the liquid drops in the drip cup into digital pulse signals; specifically, the photosensitive sensor outputs signals after AD conversion, and when no liquid drop exists, the average value of the output signals of the photosensitive sensor after AD conversion is X AD The digital pulse signals are represented in the display module, see fig. 1, 3, 4 and 10, and fig. 10 is a signal diagram of the relation between the acquisition value and time when the photosensitive sensor data is acquired.
S2, judging whether the liquid drop is an effective value by utilizing the characteristic that the liquid drop passes through the photosensitive sensor and instantaneously increasing, and then calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop according to the effective values of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop 0 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The method specifically comprises the following steps:
when S21 and 1 liquid drops enter, the acquired values acquired before and after the recording liquid drops enter the photosensitive sensor are respectively X1 and X2, X1 is the acquired value before entering, X2 is the acquired value after entering, when Xa=X2-X1 is greater than a threshold +AD_MAX, the liquid drops are judged to pass, and +AD_MAX is the set maximum positive value of change; because the positions of the liquid drops and the positions of the photosensitive sensors are not fixed, more than one photosensitive sensor at the same horizontal position accords with the characteristics, namely the arrival of the liquid drops is judged.
S22, the program enters a state Z1 of a highlight state from a state 0 of a rest state, and simultaneously starts a timer to record a timer value t 0 。
S23, when 1 liquid drop leaves, the acquired value of the photosensitive sensor has a reducing process, the front and rear two frames of data X11, X21, X11 acquired before and after the liquid drop leaves the photosensitive sensor are recorded, X21 is the acquired value before the liquid drop leaves, X21 is the acquired value after the liquid drop leaves, when Xb=X1-X21 is smaller than a threshold value-AD_MAX, the liquid drop leaves is judged, and-AD_MAX is a set maximum negative value of the change; more than one photosensor in the same row accords with the characteristics, namely, the liquid drops are judged to leave.
S24, the system enters a state Z2 of a shadow state from a state Z1 of a highlight state.
S25, after entering a state Z2 of a shadow state, continuing to wait for the arrival of the next liquid drop by utilizing the steps S21 to S24, and recording a timer count value as t when the arrival of the next liquid drop is detected 1 ；
S26, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 =t 1 -t 0 ；
S27, supposing that the liquid drop is spherical in the process of reasoning calculation, enabling the height of the first row of photosensitive sensors from the liquid inlet 31 of the drip cup to be H, enabling the height of the liquid drop to be H, and enabling the initial speed of the liquid drop to be V 0 Initial velocity V due to slower droplet formation 0 Near 0, according to theory, calculating the time required for the liquid drop to pass through the photosensitive sensorWhen Dt is 0 >And judging, detecting and calculating Dt in T time 0 If the data is the effective value, if the data is not the effective value, the data is judged to be non-drop, and the data is required to be recalculated.
The accurate selection of the parameters in the T value calculation formula is difficult, in the actual development process of the product, a development team firstly selects the calculated values of the parameters in the common sense range, and then searches the actual T value which is most effective for the overall algorithm by using an experimental comparison method near the calculated T value.
The detailed derivation process of the above calculation formula is as follows:
according to velocity, acceleration, distance formula s=v 0 t+(at 2 ) In the formula (I), V 0 The speed, the acceleration a and the distance S are respectively, and the time t is respectively;
the droplet falls from formation to the photosensor with a distance H-h=v 0 t 1 +(gt 1 2 ) Wherein g is gravitational acceleration, see FIG. 11;
since the time is positive, it is obtained that；
Distance h=v from start to photosensor to drop departure 0 t 2 +(gt 2 2 )/2;
The same thing leads to;
Time required for the sensor:
;
when V is 0 When the value of the sum is =0,。
s3, calculating an average value Dt of the intervals of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop through a multipoint sliding average value filtering algorithm 1 Comprising:
s31, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 Stored in an array, such as: data [5 ]]= {120,131,126,0,0}, at this time 3 valid data 120/131/126 have been acquired;
s32, averaging according to the number of the effective Data in the array, wherein the average value data= (120+131+126)/3=125.7, and obtaining the multipoint moving averageThe value is taken as the average value Dt of the final two drop intervals before and after 1 The two liquid drop times obtained by each calculation are placed at the rearmost of the array, the effective data variable is kept unchanged after being added to the capacity of the array, the original data position in the array is moved forward by one bit, the first data of the array is discarded, and the continuity and the effectiveness of the data are ensured; that is, 3 valid data 132/127/128 are again acquired: data [5 ]]{131,126,132,127,128}, average Data = (131+126+132+127+128)/5=128.8.
S4, calculating the frequency and the dropping speed of the liquid drops: 1min/Dt 1 。
In step S1 of the present embodiment, the sampling period of the photosensor is set to be not greater than T/3 (at least 3 effective samplings are realized within the blocking time of each droplet, the blocking time refers to the time of the droplet blocking between the photosensitive emitter and the photosensitive receiver, that is, the time of the droplet causing the output signals of the photosensitive emitter and the photosensitive receiver to deviate from the steady state values, and the minimum gap time of the two droplets refers to the minimum time of the two droplets passing through the photosensitive emitter and the photosensitive receiver), so as to realize stable operation of the algorithm, in step S1, the sampling period of the photosensor is preferably set to be not greater than T/10.
In one embodiment of the present technique, the minimum occlusion time takes a value of 15 milliseconds, the sampling period is 0.5 milliseconds, and the sampling frequency is 2KHz.
In order to realize stable operation and accuracy of the algorithm, the method also comprises a self-checking algorithm of omission, which specifically comprises the following steps: setting the maximum dropping speed of the liquid drop to 400 drops/min, setting the sampling frequency to be 2KHz by the system, and detecting the frequency dropping speed of the liquid drop in real time and recording the last frequency dropping speed when the sampling period is more than 4 times of the data change period and the requirement of more than 3 times of the sampling law (the sampling law refers to the minimum shielding time value of 15 milliseconds, the sampling period of 0.5 millisecond and the sampling frequency of 2 KHz) (the data acquired by the sampling law is met to reflect the real data change condition and no data leakage acquisition or no correspondence in time and the like exists); comparing the frequency dropping speed detected each time with the last frequency dropping speed data, if the frequency dropping speed detected this time is less than 1/2 times of the last frequency dropping speed detected, judging as missing detection, discarding the data detected this time, and starting the next detection until the frequency dropping speed detected is more than 2 times of the last frequency dropping speed detected last time; the data change period refers to three stages that the droplet experiences when passing through the photosensor, namely a state Z1 in which no droplet passes through, a highlight state, and a state Z2 in which a shadow state.
The method also comprises a shielding algorithm for rebounding liquid drops, and specifically comprises the following steps: when the liquid level in the drip cup is higher, the liquid drops drop a splash phenomenon to interfere detection, the sequence of the arrival of the liquid drops is judged through the frequency drop speed data collected by the two rows of the photosensitive sensors which are arranged up and down, if the upper row of the photosensitive sensors detect the frequency drop speed data of the liquid drops first, the frequency drop speed data detected by the lower row of the photosensitive sensors are effective liquid drops, otherwise, the liquid drops are judged to be splash liquid drops, and the liquid drops are invalid liquid drops. In order to acquire the signal of the rising and falling of the output signal of the photosensitive sensor, the photosensitive sensor should sample at least 3 times in the shielding time, but preferably can sample more than 10 times from the engineering point of view. In actual products, our frequency of use is 2KHz.
According to research and development, when no liquid drop passes through the photosensitive sensor, the acquired data of the photosensitive sensor is about 520, when the liquid drop passes through, the data of the photosensitive sensor is increased to about 585 and then is reduced to below 500, and when the liquid drop completely passes through, the photosensitive sensor is stabilized at about 520 (the photosensitive sensor acquires data images see FIG. 10); the characteristics conform to the liquid drop condensation characteristics, when the liquid drop arrives, edge light beams are converged and concentrated at one place to increase the collection amount, when the liquid drop rapidly leaves the photosensitive sensor, the light beam concentration point deviates from the photosensitive sensor, a part of light beams above the light beam is absorbed, the data collected by the photosensitive sensor is reduced to be lower than the data without the liquid drop, when the liquid drop completely leaves, the light beam path is not influenced, and the photosensitive sensor receives a stable value 520; the design simultaneously sets two rows of photosensitive sensors (each row of photosensitive sensors comprises a photosensitive transmitting tube and a photosensitive receiving tube which are coaxially and symmetrically arranged), the height of the first row of photosensitive sensors from the liquid inlet of the drip cup is H, the height of liquid drops is H (see figure 11), and the initial speed of the liquid drops is V 0 Due to the slow formation of droplets, as of the beginningInitial velocity V 0 Close to 0, according to the speed, distance formula:(h about to 5 mm) it is calculated that t=55 ms, setting a gap time greater than 80ms is where a droplet arrives (the gap time is required to be greater than the minimum occlusion time).
The embodiments of the present application are disclosed as preferred embodiments, but not limited thereto, and those skilled in the art will readily appreciate from the foregoing description that various modifications and variations can be made without departing from the spirit of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. A drip speed measuring algorithm of a medical infusion apparatus, which is used for measuring the drip speed of liquid drops in a drip cup of the infusion apparatus; the method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, monitoring liquid drops in a drip cup through at least one photosensitive sensor and converting analog signals obtained by monitoring into digital pulse signals;
s2, judging whether the liquid drop is an effective value by utilizing the characteristic that the liquid drop passes through the photosensitive sensor and instantaneously increasing, and then calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop according to the effective values of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop 0 The step S2 specifically includes the following steps:
when S21 and 1 liquid drops enter, the acquired values acquired before and after the recording liquid drops enter the photosensitive sensor are respectively X1 and X2, X1 is the acquired value before entering, X2 is the acquired value after entering, when Xa=X2-X1 is greater than a threshold +AD_MAX, the liquid drops are judged to pass, and +AD_MAX is the set maximum positive value of change; because the positions of the liquid drops and the positions of the photosensitive sensors are not fixed, more than one photosensitive sensor at the same horizontal position accords with the characteristics, namely the arrival of the liquid drops is judged;
s22, the program enters a state Z1 of a highlight state from a state 0 of a rest state, and simultaneously starts a timer to record a timer value t 0 ；
S23, when 1 liquid drop leaves, the acquired value of the photosensitive sensor has a reducing process, the front and rear two frames of data X11, X21, X11 acquired before and after the liquid drop leaves the photosensitive sensor are recorded, X21 is the acquired value before the liquid drop leaves, X21 is the acquired value after the liquid drop leaves, when Xb=X1-X21 is smaller than a threshold value-AD_MAX, the liquid drop leaves is judged, and-AD_MAX is a set maximum negative value of the change; more than one photosensor in the same row accords with the characteristics, namely, liquid drops are judged to leave;
s24, the system enters a state Z2 of a shadow state from a state Z1 of a highlight state;
s25, after entering a state Z2 of a shadow state, continuing to wait for the arrival of the next liquid drop by utilizing the steps S21 to S24, and recording a timer count value as t when the arrival of the next liquid drop is detected 1 ；
S26, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 =t 1 -t 0 ；
S27, supposing that the liquid drop is spherical in the process of reasoning calculation, enabling the height of the first row of photosensitive sensors from the liquid inlet of the drip cup to be H, enabling the height of the liquid drop to be H, and enabling the initial speed of the liquid drop to be V 0 Calculating the time required for the liquid drop to pass through the photosensitive sensor according to theory
When Dt is 0 >And judging, detecting and calculating Dt in T time 0 If the data is an effective value, otherwise, judging that the data is non-dripping, and if the data is an ineffective value, recalculating the data;
s3, calculating an average value Dt of the intervals of the front liquid drop and the rear liquid drop through a multipoint sliding average value filtering algorithm 1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The step S3 specifically comprises the following steps:
s31, calculating the pulse interval time difference Dt of arrival of the front and rear liquid drops 0 Stored in an array;
s32, averaging according to the number of the effective data in the array to obtain a multipoint sliding average value as an average value Dt of the final two droplet intervals 1 ；
S4, calculating the frequency and the dropping speed of the liquid drops: 1min/Dt 1 。
2. The medical infusion set drip measurement algorithm of claim 1, wherein: the method also comprises a self-checking algorithm of omission test, which comprises the following steps:
setting the maximum dropping speed of the liquid drop, setting the sampling frequency of the liquid drop, detecting the frequency dropping speed of the liquid drop in real time and recording the last frequency dropping speed; and comparing the frequency dropping speed detected each time with the last frequency dropping speed data, judging that the detection is missed if the frequency dropping speed detected this time is less than 1/2 times the last frequency dropping speed detected this time, discarding the data detected this time, and starting the next detection until the frequency dropping speed detected is more than 2 times the last frequency dropping speed detected this time.
3. The medical infusion set drip measurement algorithm of claim 2, wherein: the method also comprises a shielding algorithm for rebounding liquid drops, and specifically comprises the following steps: judging the sequence of the arrival of the liquid drops according to the frequency drop velocity data acquired by the two rows of the photosensitive sensors which are arranged up and down, if the upper row of the photosensitive sensors detect the frequency drop velocity data of the liquid drops first, judging the frequency drop velocity data detected by the lower row of the photosensitive sensors to be effective liquid drops, otherwise, judging the liquid drops to be splash liquid drops, and judging the liquid drops to be ineffective liquid drops.
4. A drip detector arrangement using the drip detection algorithm of a medical infusion set according to any one of claims 1 to 3, comprising a handle comprising a hand-held portion and a forward extension portion located at an upper end of the hand-held portion and connected to the hand-held portion; the method is characterized in that: the front end of the front extension part is provided with an open positioning barrel, the cross section of the positioning barrel is in a C-shaped semi-surrounding shape, the opening of the positioning barrel longitudinally extends and the upper end and the lower end of the positioning barrel penetrate through the positioning barrel, the open end of the opening is larger than the diameter of a pipeline of the infusion apparatus so as to allow the positioning barrel to be buckled on the pipeline of the infusion apparatus through the opening, and the positioning barrel is lifted so as to allow the positioning barrel to surround the drip cup through the upper opening of the positioning barrel.
5. The drop detector structure of claim 4, wherein: the lower end opening of the positioning barrel extends downwards to form a semi-enclosed shading part; the upper opening of the positioning barrel is a necking, and the aperture of the necking is larger than the outer diameter of the drip cup and allows the drip cup to penetrate through the necking.
6. The drop detector structure of claim 4, wherein: the lower end opening of the positioning barrel is a C-shaped necking with the aperture smaller than the inner diameter of the positioning barrel and semi-surrounding and forms the lower end face of the positioning barrel, the aperture of the C-shaped necking is smaller than the outer diameter of the drip cup, and when the positioning barrel surrounds the drip cup, the lower end of the drip cup can be propped against the upper end face of the C-shaped necking to be positioned by lifting the positioning barrel.
7. The drop detector structure of claim 6, wherein: the horizontal instrument is a first horizontal bubble with a mounting surface perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel, or two second horizontal bubbles with own axes perpendicular to the axis of the positioning barrel and the axes of the two horizontal bubbles perpendicular to each other.
8. The drop detector structure of claim 4, wherein: the photosensitive sensors on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel are multiple and surround the inner side wall of the positioning barrel, the multiple photosensitive sensors form a photosensitive array which is arranged in an upper row and a lower row at intervals, each row of photosensitive array comprises a photosensitive emitting tube and a photosensitive receiving tube coaxially corresponding to the photosensitive emitting tube, and the photosensitive emitting tubes and the photosensitive receiving tubes are symmetrically arranged on the inner side wall of the positioning barrel one by one with the axis of the positioning barrel as the center.
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