CN116151134A - Carbon dioxide emission metering method - Google Patents
Carbon dioxide emission metering method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116151134A CN116151134A CN202310436633.6A CN202310436633A CN116151134A CN 116151134 A CN116151134 A CN 116151134A CN 202310436633 A CN202310436633 A CN 202310436633A CN 116151134 A CN116151134 A CN 116151134A
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- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 29
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 48
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002817 coal dust Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000011478 gradient descent method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005303 weighing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/27—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using machine learning, e.g. artificial intelligence, neural networks, support vector machines [SVM] or training a model
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F17/00—Digital computing or data processing equipment or methods, specially adapted for specific functions
- G06F17/10—Complex mathematical operations
- G06F17/16—Matrix or vector computation, e.g. matrix-matrix or matrix-vector multiplication, matrix factorization
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/80—Management or planning
- Y02P90/84—Greenhouse gas [GHG] management systems
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide emission metering, and discloses a carbon dioxide emission metering method, which comprises the following steps: collecting an industrial analysis sample; generating a multi-element single-element characteristic according to the industrial analysis sample to obtain a multi-element single-element characteristic matrix; defining a carbon content estimation model and an optimization objective function; solving a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function; obtaining a carbon content estimated value of an industrial analysis sample of the carbon content to be detected; calculating the carbon dioxide emission in the fixed combustion process of the coal; according to the invention, by establishing the relation model between the industrial analysis sample and the element analysis parameters, the carbon content estimation considering the actual coal types can be realized on the basis of not increasing the cost and the additional analysis process.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of carbon dioxide emission metering, in particular to a carbon dioxide emission metering method.
Background
Global climate change is a significant challenge facing current humans, and to address this challenge, the core is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, particularly carbon dioxide emissions generated during energy consumption. In some countries and regions, coal is the most important energy source, primary energy is mainly coal, and a power supply structure is mainly coal electricity. Therefore, the invention provides a carbon dioxide emission metering method for a coal-fired power plant, which is helpful for enterprises to master the carbon emission condition of the enterprises and provides scientific data support for the enterprises to participate in carbon transaction and carbon emission reduction.
The existing method for calculating the carbon dioxide emission of a large number of coal-fired power plants is mostly designed according to the coal statistical data of respective countries, the running conditions of power equipment and the like. Because the coals in different areas have heterogeneity, the combustion emission characteristics of different coals have large difference, so that the quality condition of the coals needs to be analyzed, and the influence of the different coals on the operation of the power equipment is required, thereby improving the accuracy of carbon emission metering.
Although the power generation efficiency can be improved by using high-quality coal, in view of the current state of coal quality in certain countries and regions and the consideration of power generation cost, enterprises usually do not burn according to designed coal types completely, but adopt modes of blending combustion, mixed combustion and the like, so that large mass difference can exist between actual coal types and designed coal types, and coal quality change has an important influence on carbon dioxide emission, and in order to obtain an accurate carbon dioxide emission measurement result, coal quality parameters such as heating value, volatile matters, ash, sulfur content, moisture and the like need to be fused, and emission amount calculation is performed.
The carbon content of the coal is required to be obtained through element analysis, and the element analysis process is complex and high in cost, so that the carbon dioxide emission metering is realized by establishing a relation model between industrial analysis parameters (total moisture, volatile matters, fixed carbon, ash, high and low heat productivity, total sulfur content, coal dust fineness, ash combustible content and the like) and the element analysis parameters.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a carbon dioxide emission metering method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a carbon dioxide emissions metering method comprising the steps of:
step one: collecting industrial analysis samplesForming a training sample set; wherein->Representing an industrial analysis sample->Is>Personal input (s)/(s)>Sample for industrial analysis->Dimension total of (A) industrial analysis sample->Including various coal quality parameters; training sample set, partial industrial analysis sample with tag y +.>The sample is called as marked sample, and the rest industrial analysis samples are unmarked samples; wherein the label y is an industrial analysis sample->Corresponding carbon content; />Representing real space;
step two: from industrial analysis of samplesGenerating a multi-element single-element characteristic, and expanding an original characteristic space in which the multi-element single-element characteristic is positioned to a multi-element single-element characteristic space with high dimension; arranging marked samples before and unmarked samples after to obtain a multi-element single-item feature matrix ++>, wherein />For the total number of industrial analysis samples in the training sample set, d is the dimension of the multi-element single-element feature space,/->Is a line vector representing a multiple element single feature ++>;/>
Step three: carbon content estimation model, wherein />For outputting a weight vector; defining a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function +.>:
wherein ,for ensuring->Sparsity model complexity measure, +.>As a term of experience loss,is a smoothness metric term +.>Is a coefficient for weighing each item and is a positive number;
step four: solving a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function by a near-end gradient descent method to obtain an optimal output weight vector;
Step five: industrial analysis sample of carbon content to be measuredInput to the carbon quantity estimation model->Obtaining the corresponding estimated value of the carbon content +.>;
Step six: based on the estimated value of the carbon contentCalculating the carbon dioxide emission amount in the coal-fired fixed combustion process>。
Specifically, industrial analysis samplesThe dimensions of (2) comprise full moisture, volatile matters, fixed carbon, ash, high and low heat productivity, full sulfur content, coal dust fineness and ash residue combustible content.
Specifically, in step three, experience loss term, wherein />For the tag vector +.>The number of marked samples and the number of unmarked samples, respectively,>is->Dimension all zero line vector,>representing a transpose; intermediate variable->,/>Is->Dimension full line vector, ">As a function for constructing a diagonal matrix.
Specifically, in step three, the smoothness metric term;/>Representing transpose, laplace matrix,/>Is a similarity matrix, +.>The element of (2) is->,/>Description of the ith Industrial analysis sample->And j industrial analysis sample->Similarity between->Is the bandwidth; />Is a diagonal matrix->Element->。
Specifically, in the sixth step, the estimated value based on the carbon content is obtainedCalculating the carbon dioxide emission amount in the coal-fired fixed combustion process>When (1):
indicating the amount of fire coal>Indicating the total slag discharge amount of the boiler>Representing the carbon content of the ash.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial technical effects that:
according to the invention, by establishing a relation model between the industrial analysis sample and the element analysis parameters, the carbon content estimation considering the actual coal types can be realized on the basis of not increasing the cost and the additional analysis process; meanwhile, in the establishment of the relation model, besides the information of the marked sample, the structural information contained in the unmarked sample is fully fused, and the estimation accuracy of the model can be improved under the condition of limited labels; in addition, the carbon content estimation model obtained by solving is sparse, and extraction of key features in the model is realized, so that the interpretability of the model is improved to a certain extent.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the carbon dioxide emission metering method of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A preferred embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
The carbon dioxide emission metering method comprises the following steps:
s1, collecting industrial analysis samples to form a training sample set:
industrial analysis sample, wherein />Representation->Is>Personal input (s)/(s)>Representing real space, +.>Sample for industrial analysis->Is a sum of dimensions of (a) and (b). In this example, the industrial analysis sample +.>The dimensions of (2) include the information of total moisture, volatile matter, fixed carbon, ash, high and low heat productivity, total sulfur content, fineness of pulverized coal, and combustible content of ash, i.e., & lt- & gt in this embodiment>. For industrial analysis samples with corresponding carbon content +.>The carbon content of which is used as a label->And->Form sample->. Industrial analysis sample with tag in training sample set +.>Referred to as marked samples, the remainder as unmarked samples.
S2: from industrial analysis of samplesGenerating a multiple single feature->, wherein />And then, the form and the quantity of the multi-element single-item type features are properly determined according to background knowledge, so that the original feature space where the multi-element single-item type features are positioned can be expanded to a high-dimensional multi-element single-item type feature space. Industrial analysis sampleIs>,/>Representing dimensions of a multi-element single-item feature space; arranging marked samples before and unmarked samples after to obtain a multi-element single-item feature matrix ++>, wherein />For the total number of industrial analysis samples in the training sample set, +.>Is representative of a polynomial feature.
Defining a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function:
Experience loss term, wherein />For the tag vector +.>The number of marked samples and the number of unmarked samples, respectively,>is->Personal tag (S)>Is->Dimension all zero line vector,>representing a transpose;,/>is->A full row of vectors is maintained.
At the same time, because the space dimension of the constructional feature is higher, a model complexity measure term is introducedTo ensure->The sparsity of the model is adopted, so that the key characteristics of the structural characteristics are selected and reserved, and a multi-element polynomial model with a simpler form can be obtained.
Employing manifold regularization to exploit implications within dataThe distribution information improves the performance of the model, and two industrial analysis samples with similar distances in the characteristic space are assumed to have similar labels, namely the smoothness assumption is satisfied, and the smoothness assumption conformity degree of the model is measured and introduced, wherein />Description of two Industrial analysis samples->And->Similarity between->For bandwidth, & gt>Representing the carbon content estimation model with respect to the industrial analysis sample +.>Is provided. Thus, a smoothness metric term can be derived: />;/>Representing transpose, laplace matrix +.>;/>Is a similarity matrix, the elements of which are +.>;/>Is a pair ofCorner matrix, its elements->。
S4: solving the carbon content estimation model optimization objective function to obtain the optimal carbon content estimation model optimization objective functionThe solution method can adopt a proximal gradient descent method. />
S5: industrial analysis sample for carbon content to be measuredOutput of carbon content estimation model->Namely, industrial analysis sample->Corresponding carbon content estimation values.
S6: model estimationThe method comprises the steps of collecting relevant parameters of a coal-fired power plant, including the coal amount, the total slag discharge amount of a boiler and the carbon element content in ash, and calculating the carbon dioxide emission amount in the coal-fired fixed combustion process by adopting the following formula:
wherein ,represents the carbon dioxide emission (unit: ton) of the coal-fired fixed combustion process; />Represents the amount of coal (unit: ton); />Represents the total slag discharge amount (unit: ton) of the boiler and is +.>Represents the carbon element content (unit:%) in the ash.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a single embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to specific embodiments, and that the embodiments may be combined appropriately to form other embodiments that will be understood by those skilled in the art.
Claims (6)
1. A carbon dioxide emissions metering method comprising the steps of:
step one: collecting industrial analysis samplesForming a training sample set; wherein->Representing an industrial analysis sample->Is>Personal input (s)/(s)>Sample for industrial analysis->Dimension total of (A) industrial analysis sample->Including various coal quality parameters; training sample set, partial industrial analysis sample with tag y +.>The sample is called as marked sample, and the rest industrial analysis samples are unmarked samples; wherein the label y is an industrial analysis sample->Corresponding carbon content; />Representing real space;
step two: from industrial analysis of samplesGenerating a multi-element single-element characteristic, and expanding an original characteristic space in which the multi-element single-element characteristic is positioned to a multi-element single-element characteristic space with high dimension; arranging marked samples before and unmarked samples after to obtain a multi-element single-item feature matrix ++>, wherein />For the total number of industrial analysis samples in the training sample set, d is the dimension of the multi-element single-element feature space,/->Is a line vector representing a multiple element single feature ++>;
Step three: carbon content estimation model, wherein />For outputting a weight vector; defining a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function +.>:
wherein ,for ensuring->Sparsity model complexity measure, +.>For experience loss term->Is a smoothness metric term +.>Is a coefficient for weighing each item and is a positive number;
step four: solving a carbon content estimation model optimization objective function by a near-end gradient descent method to obtain an optimal output weight vector;
Step five: industrial analysis sample of carbon content to be measuredInput to the carbon quantity estimation model->Obtaining the corresponding estimated value of the carbon content +.>;
4. The carbon dioxide emissions metering method of claim 1, wherein: in step three, experience loss term, wherein />For the tag vector +.>The number of marked samples and the number of unmarked samples, respectively,>is->Personal tag (S)>Is->Dimension all zero line vector,>representing a transpose; intermediate variable->,Is->Dimension full line vector, ">As a function for constructing a diagonal matrix.
5. The carbon dioxide emissions metering method of claim 1, wherein: in step three, the smoothness metric term;/>Representing transpose, laplace matrix +.>,/>Is a similarity matrix, +.>The element of (2) is->,Description of the ith Industrial analysis sample->And j industrial analysis sample->Similarity between->Is the bandwidth; />Is a diagonal matrix->Element->。
6. The carbon dioxide emissions metering method of claim 1, wherein in step six, the carbon content estimation value is based onCalculating the carbon dioxide emission amount in the coal-fired fixed combustion process>When (1): />
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