CN116150979A - Numerical evaluation method for near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a numerical value evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition, which comprises the following steps: s1, constructing a sympathetic explosion numerical model of the explosion-killing ammunition; s2, accurately representing a near-field explosion shock wave and a fragment group coupling Wei force field; s3, evaluating the response characteristics of the sympathetic explosions and the safety of ammunition. The invention can accurately represent the pressure impulse attenuation law of the explosion shock wave and the group velocity and mass distribution characteristics of the broken pieces in the near-field sympathetic explosion range, and can quantitatively evaluate the ammunition safety level under the action of typical sympathetic explosion stimulus elements through the charging reaction intensity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of ammunition safety evaluation, and particularly relates to a numerical value evaluation method for near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition.
Background
During the whole life of weapon ammunition, such as storage, transportation, service and the like, accidental stimulation such as falling, bullet, fragment impact, fire baking, jet penetration and the like can be caused, so that explosion is induced, and high-pressure detonation products, high-temperature flames, high-speed fragment groups and the like generated by the explosion easily cause adjacent ammunition to be in a sympathetic explosion, chain detonation is induced, and the safety of a weapon platform is seriously threatened. Because the near-field sympathetic explosion experiment is high in risk and high in cost, only limited data such as typical position pressure history and witness targets, damaged conditions of a shell body and the like can be obtained, and quantitative and accurate assessment of the safety of the near-field sympathetic explosion of ammunition is difficult. The numerical calculation method can be based on real sympathetic explosion experiment modeling, can acquire information such as the attenuation rule of the whole-domain explosion shock wave, the shell fracture and fragment group scattering characteristics, the evolution process of the reaction by the powder injection and the like, and plays an important role in analyzing and evaluating the sympathetic explosion safety of ammunition.
At present, foreign Kim, miers and the like adopt a numerical analysis method to characterize the near-field sympathetic explosion process of the explosive-killing ammunition, a numerical model is checked by recovering fragments and measuring pressure data through a sympathetic explosion experiment, and the explosive-killing sympathetic explosion is considered to be caused by the impact action of fragment groups and detonation products. The invention patent with the domestic publication number of CN112380739A provides a solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load, and the method carries out equivalent load treatment on broken pieces and explosion impact wave pressure, so as to obtain the rule of influence of load pressure and action time on the impact detonation of the explosive. The numerical evaluation method can obtain the reaction characteristics and the initiation rules of the issued drugs in the sympathetic explosion experiment, but the coupling Wei force field of the sympathetic explosion stimulus element is not accurately characterized, and the quantitative evaluation of the ammunition safety level is difficult.
In the near-field sympathetic explosion process of the explosion-killing ammunition, the pressure of the explosion shock wave of the main ammunition can reach GPa magnitude, the shell is driven by detonation to form a high-speed dense fragment group, the shell speed can reach 1-2 km/s, and the main ammunition is subjected to the coupling effect of the near-field explosion shock wave and the fragment group, so that the symptomatic explosion reaction of the ammunition is easy to occur.
The method for evaluating the damage power of the natural fragment grenade based on numerical simulation, which is proposed by the publication number CN108733925A, can be used for describing the characteristics of a middle-far field power field, but the adopted semi-empirical formula is difficult to accurately describe the attenuation rule of the near-field explosion shock wave, and the fragment group velocity and the mass distribution are not further discussed. The invention patent with publication number of CN112380739A provides a solid engine impact detonation simulation evaluation method for externally loading impact pressure load, which can be used for rapidly predicting the charge critical detonation pressure, but does not quantitatively evaluate the ammunition reaction intensity and stimulus element response characteristics.
Disclosure of Invention
The method aims at solving the defects of the existing ammunition near-explosion power field characterization and sympathetic explosion safety evaluation technology. The invention provides a numerical value evaluation method for near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition, which can be used for accurately representing the near-explosion coupling Wei force field of the explosive-killing ammunition and quantitatively evaluating the sympathetic explosion safety level of the ammunition at different intervals.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a numerical evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition can accurately represent the pressure impulse attenuation law of explosion shock waves and the group velocity and mass distribution characteristics of fragment in the near-field sympathetic explosion range, so as to quantitatively evaluate the ammunition safety level under the action of a sympathetic explosion stimulus element.
Comprising the following steps:
s1, constructing a sympathetic explosion numerical model of the explosion-killing ammunition;
s2, accurately representing a near-field explosion shock wave and a fragment group coupling Wei force field;
s3, evaluating the response characteristics of the sympathetic explosions and the safety of ammunition.
The numerical model of the explosive-killing ammunition sympathetic explosion in the S1 comprises a main ammunition, a shoved ammunition and a witness mark.
The ammunition casing and witness target material adopt a Johnson_Cook constitutive model and a Gruneisen state equation to describe a metal dynamic response mechanism under high pressure, and adopt an accumulated plastic damage model for softening flow stress and a failure strain random weakening model for considering microscopic defects of the material to jointly describe the breaking and crushing behavior of the casing.
The main ammunition adopts JWL-Miller state equation to describe the detonation process of the non-ideal explosive, and the ammunition to be shot adopts Lee-Tarver reaction rate model and JWL state equation of the reacted/unreacted explosive to jointly describe the explosive ignition reaction evolution behavior under impact load.
And the primer-blasting ammunition initiation mode is simplified to point source initiation by referring to the detonator laying position in the actual sympathetic explosion experiment.
The accurate representation method of the near-field explosion shock wave and fragment group coupling power field in the S2 comprises two parts of explosion shock wave power field representation and fragment group power field representation.
The explosion shock wave power field characterization method comprises the steps of obtaining pressure and impulse history at a typical position by adopting numerical calculation, and then obtaining near-field overpressure and impulse attenuation rules based on Kingery-Bulmash formula fitting, wherein the expression is as follows:
lg(p)＝Ag(z) 3 +Bg(z) 2 +Cg(z)+D
wherein A, B, C and D are coefficients to be fitted, and the comparison distances
TNT equivalent->
Q vi And Q vTNT The main explosive and TNT explosion heat respectively, and the explosion shock wave overpressure and relative impulse units are as follows: kPa and kPa ms kg 1/3 。
The fragment group power field characteristic comprises two parts of fragment speed and mass distribution.
The average fragment speed adopts a theoretical formula considering the end cover effect, and the expression is as follows:
wherein V is c For average velocity of shell, m c ，m e And C is the shell, end cap and charge mass, respectively, k is the ratio of the thickness of the end cap to the thickness of the shell,
is Gurney energy.
The axial velocity of the fragment adopts a semi-empirical formula considering detonation and non-detonation end accumulation correction, and the expression is as follows:
wherein a= (0.869k+2.770) -1 ，C＝(4.001k+5.208) -1 K is the ratio of the thickness of the end cover to the thickness of the shell, L is the total length of the ammunition, d is the diameter of the ammunition, V Gurney Is the gurney speed.
The fragment group axial flying angle expression is:
wherein omega is the fragment group flight angle,
is a static scattering range angle, delta is a shell deflection angle, zeta is a detonation wave incident angle, and D e And F (x) is the product of the detonation end and the non-detonation end correction term of the axial speed of the shell.
The fragment group axial mass distribution expression is:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the shell axial average mass, ρ is the shell density, a x ，b x And delta are the width, length and thickness of the axial fragment, F (x) is the detonation end and non-detonation end repair of the shell axial speedPositive term product. The typical fragment size and the typical fragment mass are obtained through numerical calculation and extraction, the fragment accumulated mass and the fragment quantity distribution rule are further obtained through statistics, fitting calibration is carried out by adopting Weibull distribution, and the expression is as follows:
wherein P is M And N M The mass and number probabilities are accumulated for fragments having a mass greater than m,
for the average mass of the shell N 0 For the total number of fragments, λ and α are coefficients to be fitted.
S3, performing the sympathetic explosion response characteristic and ammunition safety evaluation method, namely performing the numerical calculation of the sympathetic explosions of the ammunition at different distances, obtaining the evolution rule of the peak value of the reactivity of the issued medicine and the characteristic distance (ammunition interval/charging diameter) under the action of the sympathetic explosion stimulus element, and then quantitatively evaluating the sympathetic explosion safety of the ammunition based on the charging reaction grade, so as to construct an ammunition near-field sympathetic explosion numerical evaluation model.
Referring to the North-about ammunition safety assessment standard, ammunition safety assessment grades are obtained according to the charging reactivity and the reaction intensity and are shown in table 1.
Table 1 ammunition safety assessment rating
The numerical evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of the explosive-killing ammunition provided by the invention has the technical effects that:
1. the existing explosion-killing ammunition damage power numerical value evaluation method is difficult to accurately represent the attenuation characteristic of the near-field explosion shock wave and the distribution rule of fragment groups. The method for evaluating the value of the sympathetic explosion can accurately represent the pressure impulse of the near-field explosion shock wave and the distribution rule of the fragment group velocity and the mass, and has good consistency of the results of numerical calculation and theoretical analysis.
2. The existing method for evaluating the value of the sympathological explosion of the ammunition is difficult to quantitatively describe the influence rule of the reaction intensity of the ammunition and the action range of the sympathological explosion. The explosion-killing ammunition near-field sympathetic explosion value evaluation method provided by the application can quantitatively analyze the evolution rules of the response intensity and the action range of the charging under the action of different stimulus elements. 3. The existing experimental evaluation method for the sympathetic explosion safety of ammunition has the defects of high cost, high risk, small measured data quantity and the like. The explosion ammunition near-field sympathetic explosion safety numerical evaluation model provided by the application can accurately capture the distribution rule of the whole-domain explosion shock wave and the fragment group and the evolution characteristic of the reaction of the issued medicine, and the defects of a sympathetic explosion experimental method are overcome.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for evaluating the value of the sympathetic explosion safety of ammunition according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a near field sympathetic explosion numerical model of an exemplary explosive charge;
wherein: 1-detonator, 2-detonator holder, 3-initiating explosive, 4-booster explosive, 5-upper end cap, 6-charge and 7-shell
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a near-field blast attenuation law of an exemplary explosive-killing bomb;
FIG. 4 shows the near-field fragment group velocity evolution law of an exemplary explosive-killing bomb;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of a near field burst spatial distribution of an exemplary explosive;
fig. 6 shows the response intensity of the charge under the action of the sympathetic explosive force.
Detailed Description
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples
The embodiment relates to a numerical value evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosion-killing ammunition, which comprises the steps of constructing a near-field sympathetic explosion numerical model, accurately characterizing a near-explosion coupling power field, evaluating the response characteristics and the safety of the sympathetic explosion, and specifically analyzing and evaluating the flow shown in figure 1.
The embodiment establishes a near-field sympathetic explosion numerical calculation model of the explosive-killing ammunition as shown in fig. 2. Wherein the ammunition shell and the upper end cover of the to-be-tested sample adopt 30CrMnSiNi2A high-strength low-carbon steel, the explosive charge adopts PBX9501, the initiating explosive is black-14, the booster explosive is C4 plastic explosive, the upper end cover and the shell are fixedly connected by adopting threads, and the initiation mode is the central initiation of the upper end of the No. 8 electric detonator.
The present embodiment establishes the numerical calculation model shown in fig. 2 based on the actual sympathetic explosion experiment. Wherein the main explosive charge adopts JWL-Mills state equation to describe the detonation driving process of the non-ideal explosive; the shell and the witness target describe dynamic response characteristics of a material under high pressure by adopting JC constitutive and Groneisen state equation, and the shell fracture and crushing behavior is described by adopting a plastic damage model and a random weakening model which take into account flow stress softening; the evolution process of the initiated reaction is described by adopting a Lee-Tarver three-term reaction rate model and a JWL state equation.
The method establishes a near-explosion coupling wield field model comprising two types of sympathetic explosion spike and explosion shock waves and fragment groups. Firstly, acquiring pressure impulse histories of explosion impact waves at typical positions by adopting numerical calculation, and then, obtaining a near-field pressure and accumulated impulse space attenuation rule by adopting Kingery-Bulmash fitting, wherein the fitting expression is as follows:
log(p)＝-2log(z) 3 -10log(z) 2 -16log(z)-4
in contrast to distance
RHbL-1 equivalent TNT equivalent omega e ＝ω i Q vi /Q vTNT The detonation product overpressure and relative impulse units are: kPa and kPa ms kg 1/3 。
The average fragment speed expression in this embodiment is:
wherein V is c For average velocity of shell, m c ，m e And C is the shell, end cap and charge mass, respectively, k is the ratio of the thickness of the end cap to the thickness of the shell,
is Gurney energy.
Fitting to obtain a fragment axial speed expression:
wherein a= (0.869k+2.770) -1 ，C＝(4.001k+5.208) -1 In this embodiment, k=1, l is the total ammunition length, d is the ammunition diameter, V Gurney Is the gurney speed.
In this embodiment, the fragment group axial direction flying angle expression is:
wherein omega is the fragment group flight angle,
is a static scattering range angle, delta is a shell deflection angle, zeta is a detonation wave incident angle, and D e And F (x) is the product of the detonation end and the non-detonation end correction term of the axial speed of the shell. Numerical and theoretical calculations as shown in fig. 4, the average velocity values and theoretical errors were about 1.7, and the fragment population dispersion angle was about 16 °.
In this embodiment, the fragment group axial mass distribution characteristic expression is:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
is axially flatAverage mass, ρ is shell density, a x ，b x And delta is the product of the detonation end and the non-detonation end correction term of the axial speed of the shell, wherein the width, the length and the thickness of the axial fragment are respectively shown in delta. The typical fragment size and mass were extracted by numerical calculations as shown in fig. 5. Further counting to obtain the distribution rule of the accumulated mass and the quantity of fragments, and adopting Weibull distribution fitting to obtain an expression as follows:
wherein P is M And N M The mass and number probabilities are accumulated for fragments having a mass greater than m,
for the average mass of the shell N 0 Is the total number of fragments. The average mass of fragments obtained by numerical calculation is 1.91g, the error of the calculated mass is about 17% compared with the theoretical calculation, and the total number of fragments obtained by statistics is 426.
The embodiment further carries out numerical calculation based on the result of near-explosion coupling Wei force field calculation to obtain the charge reaction degree evolution rules under different characteristic distances (ammunition spacing/charge diameter) under the action of the sympathetic explosion stimulus element, as shown in fig. 6.
In the embodiment, when the gap between two times of the diameter of the sample to be tested is in the sympathetic explosion, the reactivity of the explosive reaches 1 when the fragment group stimulating element acts, the reaction intensity is I level, and the explosive is completely detonated. When the detonation product acts, and the characteristic distance is not more than 0.3, the charge reactivity is between 0.5 and 0.1, the reaction intensity is less than III level, and the charge is exploded or detonated; when the characteristic distance is between 0.3 and 0.5, the charge reactivity is between 0.1 and 0.5, the reaction intensity is IV level, and the charge knocks or burns rapidly; when the characteristic distance is larger than 0.5, the charge reactivity is smaller than 0.1, the reaction intensity is V level, and the charge is only ignited or burned locally at low speed.
TABLE 2 results of sympathetic explosion safety assessment of explosive charges
The results of the evaluation of the safety of the sympathotic ammunition in this example are shown in table 2, with reference to the ammunition sympathetic explosion reaction test standard (ammunition safety class greater than class III) set forth by the north ca ammunition information safety center.
Claims (4)
1. The numerical evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of the explosive-killing ammunition is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, constructing a sympathetic explosion numerical model of the explosion-killing ammunition;
s2, accurately representing a near-field explosion shock wave and a fragment group coupling Wei force field;
s3, evaluating the response characteristics of the sympathetic explosions and the safety of ammunition.
2. The numerical evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of the explosive-killing ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the numerical model of the explosive-killing ammunition in S1 comprises a main ammunition, a ammunition to be shot and a witness mark;
the ammunition shell and witness target material adopt a Johnson_Cook constitutive model and a Gruneisen state equation to describe a metal dynamic response mechanism under high pressure, and adopt an accumulated plastic damage model for softening flow stress and a failure strain random weakening model for considering microscopic defects of the ammunition shell fracture crushing behavior;
the main ammunition adopts JWL-Miller state equation to describe the detonation process of the non-ideal explosive, and the ammunition to be shot adopts Lee-Tarver reaction rate model and JWL state equation of the reacted/unreacted explosive to jointly describe the explosive ignition reaction evolution behavior under impact load.
3. The method for evaluating the numerical value of the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of explosive-killing ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the method for S2 comprises the following steps: the power field representation of the explosion shock wave and the power field representation of the fragment group;
according to the explosion shock wave power field characterization method, the pressure and impulse history at a typical position is obtained through numerical calculation, then the near-field overpressure and impulse attenuation law is obtained based on Kingery-Bulmash formula fitting, and the expression is as follows:
lg(p)＝Ag(z) 3 +Bg(z) 2 +Cg(z)+D
wherein A, B, C and D are coefficients to be fitted, and the comparison distances
TNT equivalent->
Q vi And Q vTNT The main explosive and TNT explosion heat respectively, and the explosion shock wave overpressure and relative impulse units are as follows: kPa and kPa ms kg 1/3 ；
The fragment group power field characteristics comprise:
the average fragment speed adopts a theoretical formula considering the end cover effect, and the expression is as follows:
wherein V is c For average velocity of shell, m c ，m e And C is the shell, end cap and charge mass, respectively, k is the ratio of the thickness of the end cap to the thickness of the shell,
is Gunney energy;
the axial velocity of the fragment adopts a semi-empirical formula considering detonation and non-detonation end accumulation correction, and the expression is as follows:
wherein a= (0.869k+2.770) -1 ，C＝(4.001k+5.208) -1 K is the ratio of the thickness of the end cover to the thickness of the shell, L is the total length of the ammunition, d is the diameter of the ammunition, V Gurney Is the gurney speed;
the fragment group axial flying angle expression is:
Wherein omega is the fragment group flight angle,
is a static scattering range angle, delta is a shell deflection angle, zeta is a detonation wave incident angle, and D e The explosion velocity is the explosion velocity of the explosive, F (x) is the product of the detonation end and the non-detonation end correction term of the axial velocity of the shell;
the fragment group axial mass distribution expression is:
in the method, in the process of the invention,
for the shell axial average mass, ρ is the shell density, a x ，b x And delta is the product of the detonation end and the non-detonation end correction term of the axial speed of the shell, wherein the width, the length and the thickness of the axial fragment are respectively shown in delta; obtaining typical fragment size and mass through numerical calculation and extraction, further counting to obtain fragment accumulated mass and quantity distribution rule, and fitting and calibrating by Weibull distributionThe expression is:
wherein P is M And N M The mass and number probabilities are accumulated for fragments having a mass greater than m,
for the average mass of the shell N 0 For the total number of fragments, λ and α are coefficients to be fitted.
4. The numerical evaluation method for the near-field sympathetic explosion safety of the explosive-killing ammunition according to claim 1, wherein the method of S3 is characterized in that in order to conduct numerical calculation of the sympathetic explosions of the ammunition at different distances, a peak value of reactivity of the issued ammunition and a characteristic distance evolution rule under the action of a sympathetic explosion stimulus element are obtained, and then the sympathetic explosion safety of the ammunition is quantitatively evaluated based on a charging reaction grade, so that an ammunition near-field sympathetic explosion numerical evaluation model is constructed.
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