CN116147587B - A wave prediction method and wave measurement system - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明属于海洋工程技术领域，尤其是涉及一种波浪预测方法及波浪测量系统。The invention belongs to the technical field of marine engineering, and in particular relates to a wave prediction method and a wave measurement system.
背景技术Background technique
各类海上小艇和无人潜水艇是人类开发海洋的重要工具，收放系统作为重要的配套装备对小艇和无人潜水器收放作业的安全性起着决定性作用，由于受到波浪的影响，当海况恶劣时，小艇、无人潜水器与母船之间存在相对运动，这个相对运动使小艇（或潜水器）在收放时与母船发生碰撞，情况恶劣时甚至会拉断吊缆，进而损坏小艇（或潜水器）和母船，造成安全事故。因此在进行各类海上小艇和无人潜水器收放作业时，需掌握当前波浪情况以判断作业的安全性，这就需要波浪测量装置来获取波浪情况，辅助收放工作决策。All kinds of sea boats and unmanned submarines are important tools for human to develop the ocean. As an important supporting equipment, the retractable system plays a decisive role in the safety of the small boats and unmanned submersibles. , when the sea conditions are bad, there is relative motion between the small boat, the unmanned submersible and the mother ship. This relative motion will cause the small boat (or submersible) to collide with the mother ship when retracting, and even break the suspension cable when the situation is bad. , and then damage the boat (or submersible) and the mother ship, causing a safety accident. Therefore, when carrying out retraction and deployment operations of various offshore small boats and unmanned submersibles, it is necessary to grasp the current wave conditions to judge the safety of the operation. This requires a wave measuring device to obtain the wave conditions and assist in the decision-making of retraction and deployment.
现有的波浪测量装置可测量当前时刻实时的海浪情况，并根据海浪情况指示各类海上小艇和无人潜水器的收放时机。例如，授权发明专利CN103823218B提供了一种Ka波段雷达波浪测量装置来获取实时的波浪距离、速度和周期信息；发明申请CN114655356A提出了一种海上波浪测量装置用于实时监控海上波浪；发明申请CN1147780703A公开了一种基于速度传感器的波浪测量装置用于实时获取波浪信息。然而，现有技术中，船上作业人员在收放作业时观察收放指示需要有反应时间，并且小艇的收放过程需要有一定的准备时间，如果在这段时间内时出现了恶劣的海浪情况，便会造成小艇和母船的碰撞，以至于影响人身财产安全。因此，现有的波浪测量技术由于无法预测未来一段时间内布放小艇和无人潜水器时的海况，存在着较大的安全隐患。The existing wave measuring device can measure the real-time sea wave situation at the current moment, and instruct the timing of retracting and launching of various sea boats and unmanned submersibles according to the sea wave situation. For example, the authorized invention patent CN103823218B provides a Ka-band radar wave measuring device to obtain real-time wave distance, velocity and period information; the invention application CN114655356A proposes a sea wave measuring device for real-time monitoring of sea waves; the invention application CN1147780703A is disclosed A wave measuring device based on velocity sensor is used to obtain wave information in real time. However, in the prior art, the operators on board need to have reaction time to observe the retraction instructions during the retraction operation, and the retraction process of the small boat requires a certain preparation time. If there is a bad sea wave during this period If the situation is not correct, it will cause the collision between the small boat and the mother ship, so that the safety of personal and property will be affected. Therefore, the existing wave measurement technology has a greater potential safety hazard because it cannot predict the sea conditions when small boats and unmanned submersibles are deployed in the future.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明要解决的问题是提供一种波浪预测方法及波浪测量系统，该测量方法及系统集波浪高度预测、海况显示、小艇收放时机指示为一体，能够精确测量波浪信息并进行预测，同时给出准确的收放指示，具有测量与预测精度高的优点，实用性强。The problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a wave prediction method and a wave measurement system. The measurement method and system integrate wave height prediction, sea state display, and boat retraction timing indication, and can accurately measure and predict wave information. Giving accurate retractable instructions has the advantages of high measurement and prediction accuracy and strong practicability.
为解决上述技术问题，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种波浪预测方法，包括以下步骤：In order to solve the above-mentioned technical problems, the technical solution adopted in the present invention is: a wave prediction method, comprising the following steps:
S1、信号采集：信号处理板采集雷达液位计产生的电流信号，并转换成波浪高度数据；S1. Signal collection: the signal processing board collects the current signal generated by the radar level gauge and converts it into wave height data;
S2、数据处理：根据不同海况，设置对应的时间窗口，采集时间窗口内离散的波浪高度数据并形成波浪高度数据序列，然后求取所述波浪高度数据序列的平均值c作为偏置项，并将波浪高度数据序列内的所有数据分别减去平均值，得到动态波高度数据序列；S2. Data processing: according to different sea conditions, set corresponding time windows, collect discrete wave height data in the time window and form a wave height data sequence, then calculate the average value c of the wave height data sequence as a bias item, and Subtract the mean value from all the data in the wave height data sequence to obtain the dynamic wave height data sequence;
S3、模型建立：将波浪高度数据序列和动态波高度数据序列分别以15s为时长，5s为间隔，形成具有n期数据的波浪高度数据集合和动态波高度数据集合，其中k是表示波浪高度数据期数，范围为1~n；将波浪高度数据集合和动态波高度数据集合的数据带入波浪高度预测模型中，所述波浪高度预测模型是用第/>期波浪高度数据/>之前/>期，即/>至/>来预测本期/>的波浪数据，波浪高度预测模型为：S3. Model establishment: the wave height data sequence and the dynamic wave height data sequence are respectively taken as the duration of 15s and the interval of 5s to form a wave height data set with n-period data and the dynamic wave height dataset , where k is to represent the number of wave height data periods, and the range is 1~ n ; the data of the wave height data set and the dynamic wave height data set are brought into the wave height prediction model, and the wave height prediction model uses the first /> period wave height data/> before /> period, i.e. /> to /> To predict this issue /> The wave data, the wave height prediction model is:
（1） (1)
式（1）中：是第n期的波浪高度数据；/>是第/>期的动态波高度数据；是被用于预测的波浪数据的期数；/>是/>的权重系数，在1~n期数内，将已知的/>、、/>及/>对应的期数/>带入式（1）中，求出权重系数/>，并确定波浪高度预测模型；In formula (1): is the wave height data of the nth period;/> is the first /> Periodic dynamic wave height data; is the number of periods of wave data used for forecasting;/> yes /> The weight coefficient of , within 1~ n periods, the known /> , , /> and /> Corresponding period/> Bring it into formula (1) to find the weight coefficient /> , and determine the wave height prediction model;
S4、数据修正：由于15s内信号处理板会进行3期波浪高度预测，为了提高预测数据的准确性，利用前两期波浪高度预测值对第三期的波浪高度预测值进行修正，S4. Data correction: Since the signal processing board will predict the wave height of the third period within 15s, in order to improve the accuracy of the forecast data, the predicted value of the wave height in the first two periods is used to correct the predicted value of the wave height in the third period.
修正方法为：假设t=0s时刻进行了前一期预测，预测出了0s~15s的波浪数据，记为yc 0；t=5s时进行了第一期预测，预测出了5s~20s的波浪数据，记为yc 1；t=10s时进行了第二期预测，预测出了10s~25s的波浪数据，记为yc 2；t=15s时进行第三期预测，预测出了15s~30s的波浪数据，记为yc 3；把yc 3视作波浪高度预测期，利用yc 1和yc 2对yc 3进行修正，计算公式如下：The correction method is as follows: Assume that the previous forecast is made at t=0s, and the wave data of 0s~15s is predicted, which is recorded as yc 0 ; the first period forecast is made at t=5s, and the wave data of 5s~20s is predicted The data is denoted as yc 1 ; when t=10s, the second forecast is carried out, and the wave data of 10s~25s is predicted, which is denoted as yc 2 ; when t=15s, the third period forecast is made, and the wave data of 15s~30s The wave data is denoted as yc 3 ; yc 3 is regarded as the wave height prediction period, and yc 3 is corrected by using yc 1 and yc 2 , and the calculation formula is as follows:
（2） (2)
（3） (3)
（4） (4)
式（2）中，YC 3（15~20s）表示经过修正的第三期最终预测序列的15s~20s的波浪数据，yc 1（15~20s）表示为第一期预测的15s~20s波浪数据，为该式中yc 1（15~20s）的权重系数；yc 2（15~20s）表示为第二期预测的15s~20s波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 2（15~20s）的权重系数；yc 3（15~20s）表示为第三期预测的15s~20s的波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 3（15~20s）的权重系数；In formula (2), YC 3 (15~20s) represents the 15s~20s wave data of the final forecast sequence in the third period after correction, and yc 1 (15~20s) represents the 15s~20s wave data predicted in the first period , is the weight coefficient of yc 1 (15~20s) in the formula; yc 2 (15~20s) represents the wave data of 15s~20s predicted in the second period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 2 (15~20s) in the formula; yc 3 (15~20s) represents the wave data of 15s~20s predicted in the third period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 3 (15~20s) in the formula;
式（3）中，YC 3（20~25s）表示为经过修正的第三期预测序列的20s~25s的波浪数据，yc 2（20~25s）表示为第二期预测的20s~25s波浪数据，为该式中yc 2（20~25s）的权重系数；yc 3（20~25s）表示为第三期预测的20s~25s的波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 3（20~25s）的权重系数；In formula (3), YC 3 (20~25s) represents the 20s~25s wave data of the revised third period prediction sequence, and yc 2 (20~25s) represents the 20s~25s wave data of the second period prediction , is the weight coefficient of yc 2 (20~25s) in the formula; yc 3 (20~25s) represents the wave data of 20s~25s predicted in the third period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 3 (20~25s) in the formula;
式（4）中，YC 3（25~30s）表示为经过修正的第三期预测序列的25s~30s波浪数据，yc 3（25~30s）表示为第三期预测的25s~30s的波浪数据。In formula (4), YC 3 (25~30s) represents the 25s~30s wave data of the revised third period forecast sequence, and yc 3 (25~30s) represents the 25s~30s wave data of the third period forecast .
最后，将YC 3（15~20s）、YC 3（20~25s）和YC 3（25~30s）组合成YC 3（15~30s），即为第三期预测的最终波浪走势曲线（预测波形分3段进行预测处理，每段数据5s，最终将3段数据组合起来就是15s的波形数据）。Finally, combine YC 3 (15~20s), YC 3 (20~25s) and YC 3 (25~30s) into YC 3 (15~30s), which is the final wave trend curve predicted in the third period (forecast waveform Prediction processing is performed in 3 segments, each segment of data is 5s, and finally the 3 segments of data are combined to obtain 15s waveform data).
S5、布放决策：设定波浪安全阈值YZ，在15s的最终波浪走势曲线中确定是否存在波浪高度连续10s均低于YZ的数据，当波浪高度连续10s均低于YZ，则符合收放小艇的波浪条件。S5. Deployment decision: set the wave safety threshold YZ, and determine whether there is data in the final wave trend curve of 15s that the wave height is lower than YZ for 10s in a row. the wave conditions of the boat.
进一步地，步骤S1至步骤S4在信号处理板中完成，步骤S5在PLC触摸屏中进行。Further, step S1 to step S4 are completed in the signal processing board, and step S5 is carried out in the PLC touch screen.
进一步地，在步骤S4中，式（2）中的权重系数和式（3）中的权重系数存在约束：/>及/>。Further, in step S4, the weight coefficient in formula (2) and the weight coefficient in formula (3) Constraints exist: /> and /> .
时间间隔越遥远权重越低，时间间隔越近权重越高，其中，为/>的1.4~3倍，/>为/>的2~3倍，/>为/>的1.4~3倍。The farther the time interval is, the lower the weight is, and the closer the time interval is, the higher the weight is, among them, for /> 1.4~3 times, /> for /> 2~3 times, /> for /> 1.4~3 times of that.
进一步地，在步骤S5中，若存在符合条件的波浪数据报警指示灯亮黄灯，若在报警指示灯黄灯亮起情况下且当前时刻满足收放条件，则报警指示灯亮绿灯，否则报警指示灯亮红灯。Further, in step S5, if there is wave data that meets the conditions, the alarm indicator light turns yellow, and if the yellow light of the alarm indicator light is on and the retracting condition is satisfied at the current moment, the alarm indicator light turns green, otherwise the alarm indicator light turns red lamp.
本发明一种波浪测量系统，包括PLC触摸屏、信号处理板、报警指示灯和雷达液位传感器。The invention relates to a wave measurement system, comprising a PLC touch screen, a signal processing board, an alarm indicator light and a radar liquid level sensor.
所述雷达液位传感器与信号处理板相连，该雷达液位传感器向信号处理板输送信号；所述PLC触摸屏与报警指示灯相连，该PLC触摸屏向报警指示灯输送信号；所述信号处理板与PLC触摸屏相连，二者双向通信；The radar liquid level sensor is connected to the signal processing board, and the radar liquid level sensor sends signals to the signal processing board; the PLC touch screen is connected to the alarm indicator light, and the PLC touch screen sends signals to the alarm indicator light; the signal processing board and The PLC touch screen is connected, and the two communicate in two directions;
其中，所述PLC触摸屏可接收RS422串口信息，具备3路继电器输出端口，该PLC触摸屏为具备编程处理能力的触摸屏。Wherein, the PLC touch screen can receive RS422 serial port information, has 3 relay output ports, and the PLC touch screen is a touch screen with programming processing capability.
其中，所述信号处理板为以DSP（数字信号处理器）TMS320F28335芯片为核心的数字信号处理板，具有较高的运算性能。Wherein, the signal processing board is a digital signal processing board with DSP (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320F28335 chip as the core, which has high computing performance.
其中，所述报警指示灯为红黄绿三色报警指示灯；所述雷达液位传感器为以雷达波的形式测量液面高度的传感器，可把测距信息转换成4~20mA电流信号。Wherein, the alarm indicator light is a red, yellow and green three-color alarm indicator light; the radar liquid level sensor is a sensor that measures the height of the liquid level in the form of radar waves, and can convert the distance measurement information into a 4-20mA current signal.
由于采用上述技术方案，本发明解决了现有的波浪测量技术存在着的不能对未来海浪情况进行预测，导致在船上作业人员在收放作业时观察收放指示需要反应的时间和执行小艇的收放需要的时间内，由于海况变化造成安全隐患的问题。Due to the adoption of the above-mentioned technical solution, the present invention solves the problem that the existing wave measurement technology cannot predict the future wave situation, which causes the operator on board to observe the time required to respond to the retraction instruction and execute the operation of the small boat during the retraction operation. During the time required for retraction and release, there are potential safety hazards caused by changes in sea conditions.
该测量系统集波浪高度预测、海况显示、小艇收放时机指示为一体，能准确地预测当前时刻后推15s内的波浪谱数据，并根据未来波浪走势正确的寻找出海况平稳的小艇收放时机，给操作人员的小艇收放工作留有决策和执行时间，避免小艇收放作业的过程中发生突如其来的激烈波浪运动导致小艇与母船之间发生碰撞，有效降低了海上小艇收放的事故发生概率，提高了海上作业的安全性，具有测量与预测精度高的优点，实用性强。The measurement system integrates wave height prediction, sea state display, and boat retraction timing indication. It can accurately predict the wave spectrum data within 15s after the current moment, and correctly find the small boat retraction with stable sea conditions according to the future wave trend. The timing of launching the small boat leaves time for the operator to make decisions and execute the small boat retraction work, avoiding the sudden violent wave movement in the process of retracting the small boat and causing the collision between the small boat and the mother ship, which effectively reduces the risk of the small boat at sea. The accident probability of retracting and releasing improves the safety of offshore operations, has the advantages of high measurement and prediction accuracy, and has strong practicability.
附图说明Description of drawings
下面通过参考附图并结合实例具体地描述本发明，本发明的优点和实现方式将会更加明显，其中附图所示内容仅用于对本发明的解释说明，而不构成对本发明的任何意义上的限制，在附图中：The advantages and implementation methods of the present invention will be more obvious by referring to the accompanying drawings and describing the present invention in conjunction with examples below, wherein the content shown in the accompanying drawings is only used for explaining the present invention, and does not constitute any sense of the present invention The constraints, in the attached image:
图1为本发明波浪预测方法的步骤流程示意图；Fig. 1 is a schematic flow chart of the steps of the wave prediction method of the present invention;
图2为本发明波浪预测方法中数据校正方法示意图；Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the data correction method in the wave prediction method of the present invention;
图3为本发明波浪测量系统的组成示意图；Fig. 3 is the composition schematic diagram of wave measurement system of the present invention;
图4为本发明的波浪预测效果图。Fig. 4 is a wave prediction effect diagram of the present invention.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
如图1所示，一种波浪预测方法，包括以下步骤：As shown in Figure 1, a wave forecasting method comprises the following steps:
S1、信号采集：信号处理板按10Hz采集雷达液位计产生的4~20mA电流信号，并转换成波浪高度数据；S1. Signal acquisition: The signal processing board collects the 4~20mA current signal generated by the radar level gauge at 10Hz, and converts it into wave height data;
S2、数据处理：根据不同海况，设置不同的时间窗口（例如大浪海况设置20s时间窗口；中浪海况设置50s时间窗口，小浪海况设置100s时间窗口），获得时间窗口内离散的波浪高度数据序列，然后求取波浪高度数据序列的平均值c作为偏置项，并将波浪高度数据序列内的所有数据分别减去平均值，得到动态波高度数据序列；S2. Data processing: according to different sea conditions, set different time windows (for example, set a 20s time window for a large wave sea state; set a 50s time window for a medium wave sea state, and set a 100s time window for a small wave sea state), and obtain discrete wave height data sequences in the time window. Then calculate the average value c of the wave height data sequence as a bias item, and subtract the average value from all the data in the wave height data sequence to obtain the dynamic wave height data sequence;
S3、模型建立：将波浪高度数据序列和动态波高度数据序列分别以15s为时长，5s为间隔，形成具有n期数据的波浪高度数据集合和动态波高度数据集合，其中k是表示波浪高度数据期数，范围为1~n；将波浪高度数据集合和动态波高度数据集合的数据带入波浪高度预测模型，即用第/>期波浪高度数据/>之前/>期，即/>至/>来预测本期/>的波浪数据，波浪高度预测模型为：S3. Model establishment: the wave height data sequence and the dynamic wave height data sequence are respectively taken as the duration of 15s and the interval of 5s to form a wave height data set with n-period data and the dynamic wave height dataset , wherein k represents the number of wave height data periods, and the range is 1~ n ; the data of the wave height data set and the dynamic wave height data set are brought into the wave height prediction model, that is, the first /> period wave height data/> before /> period, i.e. /> to /> To predict this issue /> The wave data, the wave height prediction model is:
（1） (1)
式（1）中：是第n期的波浪高度数据；/>是第/>期的动态波高度数据；是被用于预测的波浪数据的期数；/>是第n期前/>期/>的权重系数，In formula (1): is the wave height data of the nth period;/> is the first /> Periodic dynamic wave height data; is the number of periods of wave data used for forecasting;/> is before the nth issue /> Period /> The weight coefficient of
在1~n期数内，将已知的、/>、/>及/>对应的期数/>带入式（1）中，求出权重系数/>，并确定波浪高度预测模型；Within 1~ n periods, the known , /> , /> and /> Corresponding period/> Bring it into formula (1) to find the weight coefficient /> , and determine the wave height prediction model;
S4、数据修正：由于15s内信号处理板会进行3期波浪高度预测，为了提高预测数据的准确性，利用前两期波浪高度预测值对第三期的波浪高度预测值进行修正，S4. Data correction: Since the signal processing board will predict the wave height of the third period within 15s, in order to improve the accuracy of the forecast data, the predicted value of the wave height in the first two periods is used to correct the predicted value of the wave height in the third period.
如图2所示，修正方法为：假设t=0s时刻进行了前一期预测，预测出了0s~15s的波浪数据，记为yc 0；t=5s时进行了第一期预测，预测出了5s~20s的波浪数据，记为yc 1；t=10s时进行了第二期预测，预测出了10s~25s的波浪数据，记为yc 2；t=15s时进行第三期预测，预测出了15s~30s的波浪数据，记为yc 3；把yc 3视作波浪高度预测期，利用yc 1和yc 2对yc 3进行修正，计算公式如下：As shown in Figure 2, the correction method is as follows: Assume that the previous forecast is made at t=0s, and the wave data of 0s~15s is predicted, which is recorded as yc 0 ; the first forecast is made at t=5s, and the predicted The wave data of 5s~20s is recorded as yc 1 ; when t=10s, the second forecast is carried out, and the wave data of 10s~25s is predicted, which is recorded as yc 2 ; when t=15s, the third forecast is made, and the forecast The wave data from 15s to 30s is recorded as yc 3 ; yc 3 is regarded as the wave height prediction period, and yc 3 is corrected by using yc 1 and yc 2. The calculation formula is as follows:
（2） (2)
（3） (3)
（4） (4)
式（2）中，YC 3（15~20s）表示经过修正的第三期最终预测序列的15s~20s的波浪数据，yc 1（15~20s）表示为第一期预测的15s~20s波浪数据，为该式中yc 1（15~20s）的权重系数；yc 2（15~20s）表示为第二期预测的15s~20s波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 2（15~20s）的权重系数；yc 3（15~20s）表示为第三期预测的15s~20s的波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 3（15~20s）的权重系数；In formula (2), YC 3 (15~20s) represents the 15s~20s wave data of the final forecast sequence in the third period after correction, and yc 1 (15~20s) represents the 15s~20s wave data predicted in the first period , is the weight coefficient of yc 1 (15~20s) in the formula; yc 2 (15~20s) represents the wave data of 15s~20s predicted in the second period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 2 (15~20s) in the formula; yc 3 (15~20s) represents the wave data of 15s~20s predicted in the third period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 3 (15~20s) in the formula;
式（3）中，YC 3（20~25s）表示为经过修正的第三期预测序列的20s~25s的波浪数据，yc 2（20~25s）表示为第二期预测的20s~25s波浪数据，为该式中yc 2（20~25s）的权重系数；yc 3（20~25s）表示为第三期预测的20s~25s的波浪数据，/>为该式中yc 3（20~25s）的权重系数；In formula (3), YC 3 (20~25s) represents the 20s~25s wave data of the revised third period prediction sequence, and yc 2 (20~25s) represents the 20s~25s wave data of the second period prediction , is the weight coefficient of yc 2 (20~25s) in the formula; yc 3 (20~25s) represents the wave data of 20s~25s predicted in the third period, /> is the weight coefficient of yc 3 (20~25s) in the formula;
式（4）中，YC 3（25~30s）表示为经过修正的第三期预测序列的25s~30s波浪数据，yc 3（25~30s）表示为第三期预测的25s~30s的波浪数据。In formula (4), YC 3 (25~30s) represents the 25s~30s wave data of the revised third period forecast sequence, and yc 3 (25~30s) represents the 25s~30s wave data of the third period forecast .
最后，将YC 3（15~20s）、YC 3（20~25s）和YC 3（25~30s）组合成YC 3（15~30s），即为第三期预测的最终波浪走势曲线（预测波形分3段进行预测处理，每段数据5s，最终将3段数据组合起来就是15s的波形数据）。Finally, combine YC 3 (15~20s), YC 3 (20~25s) and YC 3 (25~30s) into YC 3 (15~30s), which is the final wave trend curve predicted in the third period (forecast waveform Prediction processing is performed in 3 segments, each segment of data is 5s, and finally the 3 segments of data are combined to obtain 15s waveform data).
S5、布放决策：设定波浪安全阈值YZ，在15s的最终波浪走势曲线中确定是否存在波浪高度连续10s均低于YZ的数据，当波浪高度连续10s均低于YZ，则符合收放小艇的波浪条件。S5. Deployment decision: set the wave safety threshold YZ, and determine whether there is data in the final wave trend curve of 15s that the wave height is lower than YZ for 10s in a row. the wave conditions of the boat.
其中，信号采集、数据处理、波浪高度预测和数据修正步骤在信号处理板中完成，布放决策步骤在PLC触摸屏中进行。Among them, the steps of signal acquisition, data processing, wave height prediction and data correction are completed in the signal processing board, and the deployment decision-making steps are carried out in the PLC touch screen.
在步骤S4中，式（2）中的权重系数和式（3）中的权重系数/>存在约束：/>及/>。In step S4, the weight coefficient in formula (2) and the weight coefficient in equation (3) /> Constraints exist: /> and /> .
时间间隔越遥远权重越低，时间间隔越近权重越高，其中，为/>的1.4~3倍，/>为/>的2~3倍，/>为/>的1.4~3倍。The farther the time interval is, the lower the weight is, and the closer the time interval is, the higher the weight is, among them, for /> 1.4~3 times, /> for /> 2~3 times, /> for /> 1.4~3 times of that.
本实施例中，式（1）中权重系数分别设为0.15、0.35和0.5，式（2）中权重系数/>分别设为0.25和0.75。In this embodiment, the weight coefficient in formula (1) Set to 0.15, 0.35 and 0.5 respectively, the weight coefficient in formula (2)> Set to 0.25 and 0.75 respectively.
在步骤S5中，若存在符合条件的波浪数据报警指示灯亮黄灯，若在报警指示灯黄灯亮起情况下且当前时刻满足收放条件，则报警指示灯亮绿灯，否则报警指示灯亮红灯。In step S5, if there is wave data that meets the conditions, the alarm indicator light turns yellow, and if the yellow light of the alarm indicator light is on and the retraction condition is satisfied at the current moment, the alarm indicator light turns green, otherwise, the alarm indicator light turns red.
此外，在步骤S5中，母船和小艇的高度落差不能超过二分之一倍小艇的高度（其中，母船和小艇的高度已知，当波浪高度连续10s均低于YZ时，进一步计算在该波浪高度下母船和小艇之间的高度落差）。In addition, in step S5, the height difference between the mother ship and the small boat cannot exceed half of the height of the small boat (wherein, the height of the mother ship and the small boat is known, when the wave height is lower than YZ for 10 consecutive seconds, further calculation height difference between the mother ship and the dinghy at that wave height).
如图3所示，本发明一种波浪测量系统，包括PLC触摸屏、信号处理板、报警指示灯和雷达液位传感器。As shown in Fig. 3, a wave measurement system of the present invention includes a PLC touch screen, a signal processing board, an alarm indicator light and a radar liquid level sensor.
雷达液位传感器与信号处理板相连，该雷达液位传感器向信号处理板输送信号；PLC触摸屏与报警指示灯相连，该PLC触摸屏向报警指示灯输送信号；信号处理板与PLC触摸屏相连，二者双向通信；The radar liquid level sensor is connected to the signal processing board, and the radar liquid level sensor sends signals to the signal processing board; the PLC touch screen is connected to the alarm indicator light, and the PLC touch screen sends signals to the alarm indicator light; the signal processing board is connected to the PLC touch screen, the two two-way communication;
其中，PLC触摸屏可接收RS422串口信息，具备3路继电器输出端口，该PLC触摸屏为具备编程处理能力的触摸屏。Among them, the PLC touch screen can receive RS422 serial port information and has 3 relay output ports. The PLC touch screen is a touch screen with programming processing capabilities.
其中，信号处理板为以DSP（数字信号处理器）TMS320F28335芯片为核心的数字信号处理板，具有较高的运算性能。Among them, the signal processing board is a digital signal processing board with DSP (Digital Signal Processor) TMS320F28335 chip as the core, which has high computing performance.
其中，报警指示灯为红黄绿三色报警指示灯；雷达液位传感器为以雷达波的形式测量液面高度的传感器，可把测距信息转换成4~20mA电流信号。Among them, the alarm indicator light is a red, yellow and green three-color alarm indicator light; the radar liquid level sensor is a sensor that measures the height of the liquid level in the form of radar waves, and can convert the distance measurement information into a 4~20mA current signal.
本发明的波浪测量原理为：雷达液位传感器安装并固定到小艇收放装置处，将采集到的海浪高度信息转换成4~20mA电流信号传递到信号处理板中；随后信号处理板将电流信号采集、计算得到数字波浪数据，经过波浪预测方法处理后预测未来15s的波浪走势曲线；信号处理板将实时波浪曲线和预测的波浪走势曲线通过串行数据总线RS422传递至PLC触摸屏中；通过PLC触摸屏显示出来，并且在15s的波浪高度预测曲线中找寻适合小艇收放的10s波浪数据并切换报警指示灯；其中，红灯表示未来15s的波浪数据中均无合适的小艇收放情况；黄灯表示未来15s中存在适合小艇收放的海浪情况，只是当前时刻还不满足收放时机；绿灯表示当前及未来10s合适小艇收放；小艇收放操作人员在看到红灯时，不能进行小艇收放；看到黄灯时需进入小艇收放准备阶段，一旦报警指示灯变成绿色，则快速进行小艇收放作业，以避免错过最佳收放时机。The wave measurement principle of the present invention is: the radar liquid level sensor is installed and fixed on the small boat retractable device, and the collected wave height information is converted into a 4~20mA current signal and transmitted to the signal processing board; then the signal processing board converts the current The digital wave data is obtained by signal acquisition and calculation, and the wave trend curve in the next 15s is predicted after being processed by the wave prediction method; the signal processing board transmits the real-time wave curve and the predicted wave trend curve to the PLC touch screen through the serial data bus RS422; through the PLC The touch screen is displayed, and in the 15s wave height prediction curve, search for the 10s wave data suitable for the boat retraction and switch the alarm indicator light; among them, the red light indicates that there is no suitable boat retraction situation in the next 15s wave data; The yellow light indicates that there are waves suitable for the small boat retraction in the next 15s, but the current moment is not enough for the retractable timing; the green light indicates that the current and the next 10s are suitable for the small boat retraction; when the small boat retraction operator sees the red light , the small boat cannot be retracted; when you see the yellow light, you need to enter the preparation stage for the small boat retraction. Once the alarm indicator turns green, quickly carry out the small boat retraction operation to avoid missing the best opportunity for retraction.
为了验证本发明的有效性，将本发明安装于船舶上进行波浪的测量和预测，结果如图4所示，显示了波浪采集曲线和波浪高度预测曲线，其中点状曲线为实时波浪的采集数据（实测值），实线曲线数据为波浪高度预测数据（预测值）；从图4中可以看出，波浪高度预测曲线与实际的波浪采集曲线相吻合，误差峰值大约在0.2m，出现在3min左右，80%的数据点的误差在0.1m之内，证明了波浪预测方法的正确性；在预测完波浪数据后，信号处理板将波浪实时数据和预测数据通过串口RS422发送至PLC触摸屏中；其中，PLC触摸屏通过继电器端口控制三色灯的亮和灭。In order to verify the effectiveness of the present invention, the present invention is installed on the ship to measure and predict the wave, the result as shown in Figure 4, shows the wave acquisition curve and wave height prediction curve, wherein the dotted curve is the acquisition data of real-time waves (measured value), the solid line curve data is the wave height forecast data (predicted value); as can be seen from Figure 4, the wave height forecast curve coincides with the actual wave collection curve, and the error peak value is about 0.2m, appearing at 3min About 80% of the data points have errors within 0.1m, which proves the correctness of the wave prediction method; after predicting the wave data, the signal processing board sends the real-time wave data and predicted data to the PLC touch screen through the serial port RS422; Among them, the PLC touch screen controls the on and off of the three-color lights through the relay port.
以上对本发明的实施例进行了详细说明，但所述内容仅为本发明的较佳实施例，不能被认为用于限定本发明的实施范围。凡依本发明范围所作的均等变化与改进等，均应仍归属于本专利涵盖范围之内。The embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the content described is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and cannot be considered as limiting the implementation scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and improvements made according to the scope of the present invention should still belong to the scope of this patent.
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