CN116146121A - Rotary excavating machine for road construction and bit replacing method thereof - Google Patents
Rotary excavating machine for road construction and bit replacing method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116146121A CN116146121A CN202310396274.6A CN202310396274A CN116146121A CN 116146121 A CN116146121 A CN 116146121A CN 202310396274 A CN202310396274 A CN 202310396274A CN 116146121 A CN116146121 A CN 116146121A
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- movable block
- conveying pipe
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- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 84
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008602 contraction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000003915 air pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000003912 environmental pollution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011900 installation process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
- E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
- E21B17/046—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like with ribs, pins, or jaws, and complementary grooves or the like, e.g. bayonet catches
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
- E21B7/02—Drilling rigs characterised by means for land transport with their own drive, e.g. skid mounting or wheel mounting
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
- Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Earth Drilling (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of rotary drilling machines, in particular to a rotary drilling machine for road construction and a bit replacing method thereof. The rotary excavator comprises a rotary excavator body, a mast and a drill rod. The device is characterized in that a central blind hole is formed in one end of a bolt facing the mast, a heating wire is arranged in the bolt, a loading and unloading mechanism is arranged at the bottom of the mast and comprises a movable block, and a third driving cylinder for driving the movable block to extend outwards is arranged between the movable block and the mast. The movable block is provided with a chuck, a conveying pipe and an electric socket, and the inlet of the conveying pipe is connected with a refrigerant generating device through a connecting pipe. When the mast is vertically arranged, the lower end of the drill bit abuts against the flat ground, the movable block extends outwards to the limit position, the chuck is located at the outer side of the bolt, the outlet of the conveying pipe is communicated with the central blind hole of the bolt, and the wiring end of the heating wire is inserted into the electric socket. The rotary digging machine and the bit replacing method have simple assembling and disassembling process, almost consume no manpower and have higher working efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rotary drilling machines, in particular to a rotary drilling machine for road construction for repairing damaged roads and a bit replacing method thereof.
Background
It is known that roads such as expressways, ordinary roads, and rural roads have uneven subsidence, cracking of the road surface, dislocation and the like during long-term use. Two methods of re-construction or repair are generally adopted after the occurrence of road diseases, wherein the re-construction consumes a great amount of manpower and material resources, influences the normal traffic of the road and is not generally adopted. Therefore, the road traffic function is usually recovered in time by adopting a repairing and reinforcing mode. The road repair and reinforcement needs to be performed firstly, and the roadbed reinforcement process is to uniformly dig a plurality of grouting holes on the damaged road firstly, and then to fill reinforcing slurry into the grouting holes. This requires the use of a rotary dredger.
At present, the traditional rotary excavator for road construction mainly comprises a rotary excavator body, a mast and a drill rod. The mast is hinged with the manipulator of the rotary excavator body at one side of the mast, and a first driving cylinder is arranged between the mast and the manipulator of the rotary excavator body. An upper sliding block and a lower sliding block are arranged on the other side of the mast, a roller skate is arranged at the top of the mast, one end of a winch steel wire rope of the rotary excavator body penetrates through the roller skate to be fixedly connected with the upper sliding block, a second driving cylinder is arranged between the lower sliding block and the mast, and a power head is fixed on the lower sliding block. The upper end of the drill rod is in circumferential rotation and axial fixed fit with the upper sliding block, the lower end of the drill rod passes through the power head, and the drill rod is in circumferential fixed and axial sliding fit with the power head. The bottom of the drill rod is fixed with a drill bit through a bolt. In order to ensure that the drill bit is connected and fastened with the drill rod, the bolt is in interference fit with the bolt holes of the drill rod and the drill bit at normal temperature. In the use process of the rotary drilling machine for road construction, different types of drill bits need to be replaced. Traditional road construction is with turning into machine adopts the mode of manual loading and unloading bolt to change the drill bit, and the staff holds the drawing tool promptly and pulls out the bolt, and the reuse beats the instrument, beats the bolt into. However, the bolt is in interference fit with the bolt holes of the drill rod and the drill bit, so that the pulling-out or the knocking-in is difficult, more manpower is consumed, and the working efficiency is low.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of improving a rotary drilling machine for road construction and a bit replacement method thereof, and the rotary drilling machine and the bit replacement method are simple in assembly and disassembly process, almost free of manpower consumption and high in working efficiency.
In order to solve the problems, the following technical scheme is provided:
the rotary excavator for road construction comprises a rotary excavator body, a mast and a drill rod. The mast is hinged with the manipulator of the rotary excavator body at one side of the mast, and a first driving cylinder is arranged between the mast and the manipulator of the rotary excavator body. An upper sliding block and a lower sliding block are arranged on the other side of the mast, a roller skate is arranged at the top of the mast, one end of a winch steel wire rope of the rotary excavator body penetrates through the roller skate to be fixedly connected with the upper sliding block, a second driving cylinder is arranged between the lower sliding block and the mast, and a power head is fixed on the lower sliding block. The upper end of the drill rod is in circumferential rotation and axial fixed fit with the upper sliding block, the lower end of the drill rod passes through the power head, and the drill rod is in circumferential fixed and axial sliding fit with the power head; the bottom of the drill rod is fixed with a drill bit through a bolt. The rotary excavator is characterized in that the bolt is perpendicular to one side of the mast far away from the rotary excavator body, a central blind hole is formed in one end of the bolt facing the mast, a heating wire is arranged in the bolt, and a wiring end of the heating wire extends out of the bolt end face corresponding to the central blind hole. The bottom of the mast is provided with a loading and unloading mechanism which comprises a movable block, and a third driving cylinder used for driving the movable block to extend outwards is arranged between the movable block and the mast. The movable block is provided with a chuck, a conveying pipe and an electric socket, and the inlet of the conveying pipe is connected with a refrigerant generating device through a connecting pipe. When the mast is vertically arranged, the lower end of the drill bit abuts against the flat ground, the movable block extends outwards to the limit position, the chuck is located at the outer side of the bolt, the outlet of the conveying pipe is communicated with the central blind hole of the bolt, and the wiring end of the heating wire is inserted into the electric socket.
According to the scheme, the assembling and disassembling mechanism is used for cooling the bolt, so that the bolt and the bolt hole are in clearance fit through interference fit, and assembling and disassembling are facilitated. After the drill bit is replaced, the plug pin is heated, so that the plug pin is ensured to quickly recover to normal temperature, namely, the plug pin and the plug pin hole are changed from clearance fit into interference fit quickly, and the drill bit replacement is quickly completed by the rotary drilling machine.
The movable block is in a hollow box shape, the conveying pipe is positioned in the movable block, a notch which is convenient for the bolt to extend in is formed in the front face of the movable block corresponding to the outlet of the conveying pipe, the outlet end of the conveying pipe is sleeved with a cylinder, the bottom of the cylinder is provided with a central through hole, the outlet end of the conveying pipe penetrates through the central through hole and extends out, the electric socket is positioned in the wall of the cylinder, and a yielding hole which is communicated with the electric socket jack is formed in the outer surface of the bottom of the cylinder.
According to the scheme, the cylinder and the conveying pipe are concentrically arranged, and the electric socket is ensured to be positioned around the conveying pipe, so that the whole device is compact in structure and convenient to install.
The clamping head comprises two clamping blocks, the two clamping blocks are symmetrically arranged in a movable block in front of the conveying pipe by taking the axis of the conveying pipe as a center, and a driving component for driving the two clamping blocks to move oppositely and back is arranged between the movable block and the clamping blocks.
The scheme uses the two clamping blocks to clamp, so that the whole device is further compact in structure.
The driving assembly comprises a screw and a guide rod, wherein the screw and the guide rod are symmetrically arranged by taking the axis of the conveying pipe as the center, the screw and the guide rod are both positioned between the front surface and the back surface of the movable block, the screw and the guide rod are both in circumferential rotation and in axial fixed fit with the front surface and the back surface of the movable block, the movable block is provided with a driving motor, and an output shaft of the driving motor is in linkage fit with the screw. The screw rod and the guide rod are provided with long rods, the long rods are in threaded connection with the screw rod, the long rods are in sliding fit with the guide rod, sliding sleeves are arranged on the screw rod and the guide rod in front of the long rods, the sliding sleeves are in linkage fit with the long rods, and connecting rods are hinged between the sliding sleeves and the clamping blocks on the same side of the conveying pipe.
The scheme utilizes the screw rod, the guide rod, the long rod and the sliding sleeve to form a pushing mechanism to drive the chuck to move, the screw rod is stably driven, and the structural stability of the whole device is ensured.
The conveying pipe is fixed on the long rod, the cylinder is in sliding fit with the conveying pipe, and a compression spring is arranged between the cylinder and the long rod. A limiting plate is arranged on the drill bit corresponding to one end of the bolt far away from the mast.
According to the scheme, the long rod is utilized to drive the conveying pipe and the sliding sleeve to move forward, after the outlet end of the conveying pipe stretches into the central blind hole, the compression spring is compressed, the long rod continues to move forward, and the sliding sleeve drives the two chucks to move in opposite directions through the connecting rod, so that the inserting pin is clamped. Meanwhile, under the reaction force of the compression spring, a seal is formed between the bottom of the cylinder and the end face of the bolt, so that the refrigerant is prevented from leaking, and the refrigeration efficiency is further improved. The position of the bolt is limited by the limiting plate, so that the bolt is inserted and lifted to be unchanged all the time.
The refrigerant generating device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank and a delivery pump, wherein an installation box is fixed on the mast, the liquid nitrogen storage tank is located in the installation box, the delivery pump is fixed on the mast below the installation box, an inlet of the delivery pump is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank through a pipeline, the connecting pipe is a telescopic pipe, the upper end of the connecting pipe is connected with the outlet of the delivery pump, and the lower end of the connecting pipe is connected with the inlet of the conveying pipe.
The scheme uses liquid nitrogen as a refrigerant, so that gasification can be directly discharged into the air, and environmental pollution can be avoided.
A nitrogen channel is arranged in the shaft wall of the pin shaft around the central blind hole, one end of the nitrogen channel is communicated with the section of central blind hole adjacent to the hole bottom, the other end of the nitrogen channel is positioned on the end face of the bolt facing the mast, a pressure release channel is arranged between the cylinder bottom corresponding to the nitrogen channel and the outer side wall, and a pressure release valve is arranged in the pressure release channel.
According to the scheme, the nitrogen channel is utilized to ensure that liquid nitrogen stays in the bolt for enough time, and the pressure release valve is utilized to prevent the transmission pump from being damaged due to overlarge pressure in the bolt.
The method for replacing the drill bit of the rotary excavator for road construction is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
in the first step, the drill bit to be replaced is placed upright on the ground.
And secondly, adjusting the rotary excavator body to enable the masts to be vertically arranged and the drill bit to be propped against the flat ground.
And thirdly, starting a third driving cylinder to drive the movable block to move outwards to a limit position, wherein the chuck is positioned at the outer side of the bolt, an outlet of the conveying pipe is communicated with a central blind hole of the bolt, and a wiring end of the heating wire is inserted into the electric socket.
And fourthly, generating a cold medium by the refrigerant generating device, enabling the cold medium to enter the central blind hole through the communicating pipe and the conveying pipe, enabling the bolt to be subjected to cold shrinkage, and changing interference fit between the bolt and a bolt hole using the drill bit and the drill rod into clearance fit after waiting for a period of time.
And fifthly, starting the chuck to clamp the bolt, and starting the third driving cylinder to drive the movable block to move backwards until the bolt completely leaves the bolt hole of the drill bit and the drill rod.
And sixthly, adjusting the rotary drilling machine body to enable the joint of the drill rod and the drill bit to be replaced to be matched.
And seventh, starting a third driving cylinder to drive the movable block to move outwards to the limit position, and inserting a bolt between the drill bit to be replaced and a bolt hole of the drill rod.
And seventh, closing the refrigerant generating device, starting the electric socket to provide electric energy for the heating wire, heating the plug pin by the heating wire, and changing the clearance fit between the plug pin and a plug pin hole using the drill bit and the drill rod into interference fit after the plug pin is heated and expanded for a period of time.
And eighth, stopping power supply, and enabling the third driving cylinder to drive the movable block to reset.
The scheme realizes semiautomatic replacement of the drill bit, and greatly improves the replacement efficiency of the drill bit.
Wherein the waiting time in the fourth step is more than 30 seconds, and the waiting time in the seventh step is more than 120 seconds.
The scheme can ensure that the interference fit between the bolt and the bolt holes of the drill rod and the drill bit is changed into clearance fit, and the clearance fit is changed into interference fit.
By adopting the scheme, the method has the following advantages:
because the bolt of the rotary excavator for road construction is vertical to one side of the mast far away from the rotary excavator body, one end of the bolt facing the mast is provided with a central blind hole, a heating wire is arranged in the bolt, the bottom of the mast is provided with a movable block, a third driving cylinder for driving the movable block to extend outwards is arranged between the movable block and the mast, the movable block is provided with a chuck, a conveying pipe and an electric socket, and an inlet of the conveying pipe is connected with a refrigerant generating device through a connecting pipe. The rotary drilling machine utilizes the characteristics of thermal expansion and cold contraction, and when the drill bit is replaced, the interference fit between the bolt and the bolt hole of the drill rod and the drill bit is changed into clearance fit, so that the assembly and disassembly can be directly carried out, and the assembly and disassembly process is simplified. Meanwhile, the chuck is utilized for automatic assembly and disassembly, so that the whole bolt assembly and disassembly process is ensured to be free from manual participation, and the consumption of manpower is avoided. Meanwhile, the assembly and the disassembly are simple, and the working efficiency can be greatly improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a construction machine for rotary excavation for road construction according to the present invention;
fig. 2 is an enlarged view of a portion a of fig. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the loading and unloading mechanism of the rotary excavator for road construction (the upper cover of the installation box is hidden);
FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a loading and unloading mechanism of the rotary excavator for road construction of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the structure of the plug in the rotary excavator for road construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of the structure of a cylinder in the rotary excavator for road construction according to the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view showing a state in which a rotary drilling machine for road construction of the present invention is replaced with a drill bit;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state where a loading and unloading mechanism of the rotary drilling machine for road construction of the present invention is abutted against a plug;
FIG. 9 is a schematic view showing a state in which a plug is pulled out by a loading and unloading mechanism of the rotary drilling machine for road construction according to the present invention;
fig. 10 is a perspective view of the loading and unloading mechanism of the rotary excavator for road construction according to the present invention after hiding the refrigerant generating device, the fixed block, the movable block and the conveying pipe.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to figures 1-10 and examples.
As shown in fig. 1, the rotary excavator for road construction of the present invention includes a rotary excavator body 1, a mast 41, and a drill pipe 7. One side of the mast 41 is hinged with the manipulator of the rotary excavator body 1, a first driving cylinder 3 is arranged between the mast 41 and the manipulator of the rotary excavator body 1, and the first driving cylinder 3 is used for driving the mast 41 to rotate along a hinge point, so that the drilling angle is changed. The specific structure of the rotary excavator body 1 belongs to the prior art, and is not described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 1, an upper slide block 5 and a lower slide block 9 are arranged on one side of a mast 41 far away from the rotary excavator body 1, a roller 4 is arranged at the top of the mast 41, one end of a winch steel wire rope 2 of the rotary excavator body 1 passes through the roller 4 to be fixedly connected with the upper slide block 5, a second driving cylinder 8 is arranged between the lower slide block 9 and the mast 41, and a power head 10 is fixed on the lower slide block 9. The upper end of the drill rod 7 is in circumferential rotation and axial fixed fit with the upper sliding block 5 through the rotary joint 6, the lower end of the drill rod 7 passes through the power head 10, and the drill rod 7 is in circumferential fixed and axial sliding fit with the power head 10. The power head 10 is used for driving the drill rod 7 to rotate, and the specific structure of the power head 10 belongs to the prior art and is not described in detail here.
As shown in fig. 1 and 2, the drill rod 7 is fixed with a drill bit 13 through a bolt 15, the bottom of the drill rod 7 is provided with a square bulge extending upwards, the top of the drill bit 13 is fixed with an annular coaming 11, the opposite positions of the annular coaming 11 and the square bulge are provided with bolt 15 holes, and the bolts 15 are inserted between the square bulge and the bolt 15 holes of the pits, so that the drill rod 7 is connected with the drill bit 13. In order to ensure that the plug 15 and the plug 15 holes are in clearance fit after freezing, the coefficient of thermal expansion and contraction of the plug 15 is larger than that of the drill bit 13 and the drill rod 7. The bolt 15, the annular coaming 11 and the square bulge are made of hard alloy, and specific materials can be selected by referring to the coefficient of thermal expansion and cold contraction of the hard alloy, and the bolt is not described in detail herein.
The bolt 15 is perpendicular to the side of the mast 41 remote from the rotary cutter body 1. As shown in fig. 5, a central blind hole 36 is formed in one end of the plug 15 facing the mast 41, a heating wire 34 is arranged in the plug 15, and the terminal end of the heating wire 34 extends out of the end face of the plug 15 corresponding to the central blind hole 36. The nitrogen channel 35 is arranged in the shaft wall of the bolt 15 around the central blind hole 36, one end of the nitrogen channel 35 is communicated with the section of the central blind hole 36 adjacent to the hole bottom, and the other end of the nitrogen channel 35 is positioned on the end face of the bolt 15 facing the mast 41. The nitrogen channel 35 ensures that the liquid nitrogen stays in the pin 15 for a sufficient amount of time. In this embodiment, the nitrogen channels 35 and the heating wires 34 are multiple, and the bolts 15 are circumferentially uniformly spaced, so as to ensure that the bolts 15 are uniformly cooled and heated at various positions.
As shown in fig. 2, the bottom of the mast 41 is provided with a handling mechanism comprising a movable block 14 and a fixed block 17, the movable block 14 being located below the mast 41. The top of fixed block 17 links to each other with the bottom of the bottom back of mast 41, and the bottom of fixed block 17 stretches out to the mast 41 below, and third actuating cylinder 16 is fixed on the lateral wall of fixed block 17 lower part, and the third actuating cylinder 16 piston rod passes fixed block 17 and links to each other with movable block 14, and all has guide arm 18 on the fixed block 17 of third actuating cylinder 16 piston rod both sides, and guide arm 18 all links to each other with movable block 14 to ensure movable block 14 steady motion. The movable block 14 is provided with a chuck, a conveying pipe 32 and an electric socket 39, and the inlet of the conveying pipe 32 is connected with a refrigerant generating device through a connecting pipe. The refrigerant generating device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 and a delivery pump 20, wherein a mounting box 19 is fixed on a mast 41, the liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 is positioned in the mounting box 19, the delivery pump 20 is fixed on the mast 41 below the mounting box 19, an inlet of the delivery pump 20 is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 through a pipeline, a connecting pipe is a telescopic pipe, and the telescopic pipe can be a corrugated telescopic pipe or an elastic telescopic pipe, and in the embodiment, the telescopic pipe is an elastic telescopic pipe. The upper end of the connecting tube is connected to the outlet of the delivery pump 20, and the lower end of the connecting tube is connected to the inlet of the delivery tube 32. In the present embodiment, the power of the transfer pump 20 is supplied from the rotary excavator body 1. When the mast 41 is vertically arranged, the lower end of the drill bit 13 abuts against the flat ground, the movable block 14 extends outwards to a limit position, the clamping head is positioned outside the plug 15, the outlet of the conveying pipe 32 is communicated with the central blind hole 36 of the plug 15, and the wiring end of the heating wire 34 is inserted into the electric socket 39. The bolt 15 is cooled by the loading and unloading mechanism, so that the bolt 15 and the bolt 15 hole are in clearance fit by interference fit, thereby facilitating loading and unloading. After the drill bit 13 is replaced, the plug pin 15 is heated, so that the plug pin 15 is ensured to quickly return to normal temperature, namely, the plug pin 15 and the plug pin 15 holes are changed from clearance fit into interference fit quickly, and the rotary drilling machine can quickly complete the replacement of the drill bit 13.
As shown in fig. 2, 3 and fig. 4 and 6, the movable block 14 is hollow and box-shaped, the conveying pipe 32 is located in the movable block 14, a notch 31 which is convenient for the insertion pin 15 to extend into is formed in the front face of the movable block 14 corresponding to the outlet of the conveying pipe 32, the outlet end of the conveying pipe 32 is sleeved with the cylinder 22, the bottom of the cylinder 22 is provided with a central through hole, the outlet end of the conveying pipe 32 penetrates through the central through hole and extends out, the electric socket 39 is located in the wall of the cylinder 22, and a yielding hole 38 which is communicated with the jack of the electric socket 39 is formed in the outer surface of the bottom of the cylinder 22. In this embodiment, there are a plurality of electrical sockets 39, which are arranged in a one-to-one correspondence with the heating wires 34. The power supply of the electric socket 39 is provided by the battery of the rotary excavator body 1, and the specific connection mode belongs to the prior art and is not described here again. A pressure relief channel 40 is arranged between the bottom and the outer side wall of the cylinder 22 corresponding to the nitrogen channel 35, and a pressure relief valve 37 is arranged in the pressure relief channel 40. The use of the relief valve 37 prevents excessive pressure in the plug 15 from damaging the transfer pump 20.
As shown in fig. 4 and 10, the chuck comprises two clamping blocks 21, the two clamping blocks 21 are symmetrically arranged in the movable block 14 in front of the conveying pipe 32 by taking the axis of the conveying pipe 32 as a center, and a driving component for driving the two clamping blocks 21 to move oppositely and reversely is arranged between the movable block 14 and the clamping blocks 21. In this embodiment, the clamping block 21 is connected to the movable block by a linear guide. The clamping is performed by using two clamping blocks 21, so that the whole device is further compact.
As shown in fig. 4 and 10, the driving assembly includes a screw 25 and a guide rod 24, the screw 25 and the guide rod 24 are symmetrically arranged with the axis of the conveying pipe 32 as a center, the screw 25 and the guide rod 24 are located between the front and the back of the movable block 14, and the screw 25 and the guide rod 24 are connected with the front and the back of the movable block 14 through bearings. The movable block 14 is provided with a driving motor 26, and an output shaft of the driving motor 26 is connected with a screw 25 through a synchronous belt and a belt wheel. The screw rod 25 and the guide rod 24 are provided with a long rod 27, the long rod 27 is in threaded connection with the screw rod 25, the long rod 27 is in sliding fit with the guide rod 24, sliding sleeves 28 are arranged on the screw rod 25 in front of the long rod 27 and the guide rod 24, a connecting spring 30 is fixedly connected between the sliding sleeves 28 and the long rod 27, the connecting spring 30 is sleeved on the screw rod 25 or the guide rod 24 in an empty mode, and a connecting rod 29 is hinged between the sliding sleeves 28 and the clamping blocks 21, which are positioned on the same side of the conveying pipe 32. The screw 25, the guide rod 24, the long rod 27 and the sliding sleeve 28 form a pushing mechanism to drive the chuck to move, the screw 25 is stably driven, and the structural stability of the whole device is ensured.
As shown in fig. 4 and 10, the delivery tube 32 is fixed to the long rod 27, the cylinder 22 is slidably engaged with the delivery tube 32, and a compression spring 33 is provided between the cylinder 22 and the long rod 27. The drill bit 13 corresponding to the end of the bolt 15 far away from the mast 41 is provided with a limiting plate 12. The long rod 27 is utilized to drive the conveying pipe 32 and the sliding sleeve 28 to move forward, after the outlet end of the conveying pipe 32 stretches into the central blind hole 36, the compression spring 33 is compressed, the long rod 27 continues to move forward, and the sliding sleeve 28 drives the two chucks to move in opposite directions through the connecting rod 29, so that the bolt 15 is clamped. Meanwhile, under the reaction force of the compression spring 33, a sealing surface is formed between the bottom of the cylinder 22 and the end surface of the bolt 15, so that the liquid nitrogen is prevented from leaking, and the liquid nitrogen can be fully utilized. The position of the plug 15 is limited by the limiting plate 12, so that the plug 15 is always inserted and lifted.
In this embodiment, the first driving cylinder 3, the second driving cylinder 8 and the third driving cylinder 16 are all oil cylinders, and the power sources of the oil cylinders are all provided by the rotary excavator body 1.
In the embodiment, liquid nitrogen is used as a refrigerant, so that gasification can be directly discharged into the air, and environmental pollution can be avoided.
The method for replacing the rotary drilling machine drill bit 13 for road construction comprises the following steps:
in a first step, the drill bit 13 to be replaced is placed upright on the ground.
In the second step, the rotary excavator body 1 is adjusted so that the mast 41 is vertically arranged and the drill bit 13 is used to prop against the flat ground, as shown in fig. 7.
Third, the third driving cylinder 16 is started to drive the movable block 14 to move outwards to the limit position, at this time, the two clamping blocks 21 are located at two sides of the plug 15, the outlet of the conveying pipe 32 is communicated with the central blind hole 36 of the plug 15, and the terminal of the heating wire 34 is inserted into the electric socket 39, as shown in fig. 8.
And fourthly, starting the driving motor 26, driving an output shaft of the driving motor 26 to rotate through a synchronous belt to drive the screw 25, driving the sliding sleeve 28 to advance by the screw 25, clamping the bolt 15 by the clamping block 21, abutting the cylinder 22 against the bolt 15, compressing the compression spring 33, and forming a sealing surface between the bottom of the cylinder 22 and the end surface of the bolt 15 under the reaction force of the compression spring 33. Then, the valve of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 is opened, the delivery pump 20 is started, liquid nitrogen in the liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 enters the central blind hole 36 through the delivery pump 20, the communicating pipe 23 and the delivery pipe 32, the bolt 15 is cooled and contracted, the liquid nitrogen is gasified in the central blind hole 36, the liquid nitrogen enters the pressure relief channel 40 of the cylinder 22 through the liquid nitrogen channel, the gasified liquid nitrogen is increased, the air pressure in the pressure relief channel 40 is slowly increased, and when the atmospheric pressure is larger than the preset threshold value of the pressure relief valve 37, the pressure relief valve 37 is used for pressure relief. If the pressure relief valve 37 is blocked and fails to relieve pressure, nitrogen can push the whole cylinder 22 to retreat through the pressure relief valve 37, so that the sealing surface formed by the cylinder 22 and the plug 15 disappears, and pressure relief is performed, thereby ensuring that the delivery pump 20 and the pipeline cannot be damaged due to excessive internal pressure. After 50 seconds of waiting, the interference fit between the plug 15 and the plug 15 hole using the drill bit 13 and the drill rod 7 is changed to a clearance fit.
Fifth, the clamping block 21 clamps the bolt 15, and the third driving cylinder 16 is started to drive the movable block 14 to move backwards until the bolt 15 is completely separated from the bolt 15 hole using the drill bit 13 and the drill rod 7, as shown in fig. 9.
And sixthly, adjusting the rotary drilling machine body 1 to enable the joint of the drill rod 7 and the drill bit 13 to be replaced to be matched.
Seventh, the third driving cylinder 16 is started to drive the movable block 14 to move outwards to the limit position, the bolt 15 is inserted between the drill bit 13 to be replaced and the bolt 15 hole of the drill rod 7, and the other end of the bolt 15 abuts against the limiting plate 12, as shown in fig. 7.
Eighth step, the valve of the liquid nitrogen storage tank 42 and the delivery pump 20 are closed, the battery of the rotary excavator body 1 supplies power to the electric socket 39, the heating wire 34 supplies electric energy to the heating wire 34, the heating wire 34 heats the bolt 15, the bolt 15 is heated and expanded, and after 150 seconds, the clearance fit between the bolt 15 and the bolt 15 hole using the drill bit 13 and the drill rod 7 is changed into interference fit.
And ninth, stopping power supply, reversing the driving motor 26, enabling the chuck to leave the bolt 15, and enabling the third driving cylinder 16 to drive the movable block 14 to reset.
The rotary digging machine for road construction can be directly obtained by adding a loading and unloading mechanism to the conventional rotary digging machine in the market. Through multiple experiments, the cold shrinkage requirement can be achieved by freezing the bolt 15 for more than 30 seconds at the normal ambient temperature of-5-35 ℃. The thermal expansion requirement can be met by heating the bolt 15 for 120 seconds, heating is not needed in the actual installation process, only liquid nitrogen delivery is stopped, the bolt 15 can be subjected to thermal expansion under the action of external environment, and the waiting time is long.
When the rotary drilling machine is used, the rotary drilling machine is arranged on the target bottom surface, the corresponding drill bit 13 is selected according to the requirement to drill the target bottom surface, and when the drill bit 13 needs to be replaced, the above steps are referred to; and finally, filling slurry into the drilled holes, thereby completing the repair of the roadbed.
According to the rotary drilling machine, by utilizing the characteristics of thermal expansion and cold contraction, when the drill bit 13 is replaced, the interference fit between the bolt 15 and the drill rod 7 and the bolt 15 hole of the drill bit 13 is changed into clearance fit, so that the rotary drilling machine can be directly assembled and disassembled, and the assembling and disassembling process is simplified. Meanwhile, the chuck is utilized for automatic assembly and disassembly, so that the whole assembly and disassembly process of the bolt 15 is ensured to be free from manual participation, and the consumption of manpower is avoided. Meanwhile, the assembly and the disassembly are simple, and the working efficiency can be greatly improved. In addition, the compression spring 33 provides a reaction force while clamping, a sealing surface is formed between the bottom of the cylinder 22 and the end surface of the bolt 15, so that liquid nitrogen is prevented from leaking, the liquid nitrogen can be fully utilized, and the pressure release channel 40 can prevent the damage of the circulating pump caused by the overlarge pressure in the pipeline.
Claims (9)
1. The rotary excavator for road construction comprises a rotary excavator body (1), a mast (41) and a drill rod (7); one side of the mast (41) is hinged with a manipulator of the rotary excavator body (1), and a first driving cylinder (3) is arranged between the mast (41) and the manipulator of the rotary excavator body (1); an upper sliding block (5) and a lower sliding block (9) are arranged on the other side of the mast (41), a roller skate (4) is arranged at the top of the mast (41), one end of a winch steel wire rope (2) of the rotary excavator body (1) penetrates through the roller skate (4) to be fixedly connected with the upper sliding block (5), a second driving cylinder (8) is arranged between the lower sliding block (9) and the mast (41), and a power head (10) is fixed on the lower sliding block (9); the upper end of the drill rod (7) is in circumferential rotation and axial fixed fit with the upper sliding block (5), the lower end of the drill rod (7) passes through the power head (10), and the drill rod (7) is in circumferential fixed and axial sliding fit with the power head (10); a drill bit (13) is fixed at the bottom of the drill rod (7) through a bolt (15); the rotary drilling machine is characterized in that the bolt (15) is perpendicular to one side of a mast (41) far away from the rotary drilling machine body (1), a central blind hole (36) is formed in one end of the bolt (15) facing the mast (41), a heating wire (34) is arranged in the bolt (15), and a wiring end of the heating wire (34) extends out of the end face of the bolt (15) corresponding to the central blind hole (36); the bottom of the mast (41) is provided with a loading and unloading mechanism which comprises a movable block (14), and a third driving cylinder (16) used for driving the movable block (14) to extend outwards is arranged between the movable block (14) and the mast (41); the movable block (14) is provided with a chuck, a conveying pipe (32) and an electric socket (39), and the inlet of the conveying pipe (32) is connected with a refrigerant generating device through a connecting pipe; when the mast (41) is vertically arranged, the lower end of the drill bit (13) abuts against the flat ground, the movable block (14) extends outwards to a limit position, the chuck is positioned on the outer side of the bolt (15), the outlet of the conveying pipe (32) is communicated with a central blind hole (36) of the bolt (15), and the wiring end of the heating wire (34) is inserted into the electric socket (39).
2. The rotary excavator for road construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the movable block (14) is in a hollow box shape, the conveying pipe (32) is located in the movable block (14), a notch (31) which is convenient for the bolt (15) to extend in is formed in the front face of the movable block (14) corresponding to the outlet of the conveying pipe (32), the cylinder (22) is sleeved at the outlet end of the conveying pipe (32), a central through hole is formed in the bottom of the cylinder (22), the outlet end of the conveying pipe (32) penetrates through the central through hole and extends out, the electric socket (39) is located in the wall of the cylinder (22), and a yielding hole (38) which is communicated with the jack of the electric socket (39) is formed in the outer surface of the bottom of the cylinder (22).
3. The rotary excavator for road construction according to claim 2, wherein the clamping head comprises two clamping blocks (21), the two clamping blocks (21) are symmetrically arranged in the movable block (14) in front of the conveying pipe (32) by taking the axis of the conveying pipe (32) as the center, and a driving component for driving the two clamping blocks (21) to move oppositely and reversely is arranged between the movable block (14) and the clamping blocks (21).
4. A rotary excavator for road construction according to claim 3, wherein the driving assembly comprises a screw rod (25) and a guide rod (24), the screw rod (25) and the guide rod (24) are symmetrically arranged with the axis of the conveying pipe (32) as the center, the screw rod (25) and the guide rod (24) are positioned between the front and the back of the movable block (14), the screw rod (25) and the guide rod (24) are in circumferential rotation and in axial fixed fit with the front and the back of the movable block (14), the movable block (14) is provided with a driving motor (26), and the output shaft of the driving motor (26) is in linkage fit with the screw rod (25); screw rod (25) and guide bar (24) have stock (27), and stock (27) all are threaded connection with screw rod (25), are the slip form cooperation between stock (27) and guide bar (24), all have sliding sleeve (28) on screw rod (25) and guide bar (24) in the place ahead of stock (27), are the linkage cooperation between sliding sleeve (28) and stock (27), are located between sliding sleeve (28) and clamp splice (21) of conveyer pipe (32) homonymy articulated have connecting rod (29).
5. The rotary excavator for road construction according to claim 4, wherein the conveying pipe (32) is fixed to the long rod (27), the cylinder (22) is slidably engaged with the conveying pipe (32), and a compression spring (33) is provided between the cylinder (22) and the long rod (27); a limiting plate (12) is arranged on the drill bit (13) corresponding to one end of the bolt (15) far away from the mast (41).
6. The rotary excavator for road construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the refrigerant generating device comprises a liquid nitrogen storage tank (42) and a delivery pump (20), wherein the mast (41) is fixedly provided with a mounting box (19), the liquid nitrogen storage tank (42) is positioned in the mounting box (19), the delivery pump (20) is fixedly arranged on the mast (41) below the mounting box (19), an inlet of the delivery pump (20) is connected with an outlet of the liquid nitrogen storage tank (42) through a pipeline, the connecting pipe is a telescopic pipe, the upper end of the connecting pipe is connected with an outlet of the delivery pump (20), and the lower end of the connecting pipe is connected with an inlet of the conveying pipe (32).
7. The rotary excavating machine for road construction according to claim 6, wherein the nitrogen channel (35) is arranged in the shaft wall of the bolt (15) around the central blind hole (36), one end of the nitrogen channel (35) is communicated with the section of central blind hole (36) adjacent to the hole bottom, the other end of the nitrogen channel (35) is positioned on the end face of the bolt (15) facing the mast (41), a pressure release channel (40) is arranged between the bottom and the outer side wall of the cylinder (22) corresponding to the nitrogen channel (35), and a pressure release valve (37) is arranged in the pressure release channel (40).
8. The replacement method of a rotary drill bit (13) for road construction according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized by comprising the steps of:
firstly, vertically placing a drill bit (13) to be replaced on the ground;
secondly, adjusting the rotary excavator body (1) to enable the mast (41) to be vertically arranged and enable the drill bit (13) to be propped against the flat ground;
starting a third driving cylinder (16) to drive the movable block (14) to move outwards to a limit position, wherein the chuck is positioned at the outer side of the plug pin (15), the outlet of the conveying pipe (32) is communicated with a central blind hole (36) of the plug pin (15), and the wiring end of the heating wire (34) is inserted into an electric socket (39);
fourthly, a refrigerant generating device generates a cold medium which enters the central blind hole (36) through the communicating pipe (23) and the conveying pipe (32), the bolt (15) is contracted by cooling, and after waiting for a period of time, the interference fit between the bolt (15) and the bolt (15) hole using the drill bit (13) and the drill rod (7) is changed into clearance fit;
fifthly, starting the chuck to clamp the bolt (15), and starting the third driving cylinder (16) to drive the movable block (14) to move backwards until the bolt (15) is completely separated from the bolt (15) hole using the drill bit (13) and the drill rod (7);
sixthly, adjusting the rotary drilling machine body (1) to enable the joint of the drill rod (7) and the drill bit (13) to be replaced to be matched;
seventh, a third driving cylinder (16) is started to drive the movable block (14) to move outwards to a limit position, and a bolt (15) is inserted between the drill bit (13) to be replaced and a bolt (15) hole of the drill rod (7);
eighth, closing the refrigerant generating device, starting the electric socket (39) to provide electric energy for the heating wire (34), heating the plug pin (15) by the heating wire (34), and changing the clearance fit between the plug pin (15) and the plug pin (15) hole using the drill bit (13) and the drill rod (7) into interference fit after a period of time after the plug pin (15) is heated and expands;
and ninth, stopping power supply, enabling the clamping head to leave the bolt (15), and enabling the third driving cylinder (16) to drive the movable block (14) to reset.
9. The method for replacing a rotary drill bit (13) for road construction according to claim 8, wherein the waiting time in the fourth step is 30 seconds or more and the waiting time in the seventh step is 120 seconds or more.
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| CN201186377Y (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-01-28 | 石家庄金刚内燃机零部件集团有限公司 | Piston copper cover inlay apparatus |
| CN114562204A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-31 | 常州玉柴工程机械有限公司 | Short mast and long drilling depth dual-purpose rotary drilling rig, control method and drill rod installing method |
| CN216783309U (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-21 | 中铁建电气化局集团轨道交通器材有限公司 | Railway contact net pin and sleeve composite structure |
| CN114876726A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司 | Impeller locking disc and main shaft flange arranged on wind generating set |
| CN115162942A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-11 | 深圳市稳和岩土工程有限公司 | Rotary drilling rig drill rod component and rotary drilling rig |
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Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201186377Y (en) * | 2008-03-20 | 2009-01-28 | 石家庄金刚内燃机零部件集团有限公司 | Piston copper cover inlay apparatus |
| CN216783309U (en) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-06-21 | 中铁建电气化局集团轨道交通器材有限公司 | Railway contact net pin and sleeve composite structure |
| CN114562204A (en) * | 2022-04-28 | 2022-05-31 | 常州玉柴工程机械有限公司 | Short mast and long drilling depth dual-purpose rotary drilling rig, control method and drill rod installing method |
| CN114876726A (en) * | 2022-05-31 | 2022-08-09 | 华锐风电科技(集团)股份有限公司 | Impeller locking disc and main shaft flange arranged on wind generating set |
| CN115162942A (en) * | 2022-07-26 | 2022-10-11 | 深圳市稳和岩土工程有限公司 | Rotary drilling rig drill rod component and rotary drilling rig |
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| CN116146121B (en) | 2023-06-30 |
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