CN1161442A - 气体的生产 - Google Patents

气体的生产 Download PDF

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CN1161442A
CN1161442A CN96123816A CN96123816A CN1161442A CN 1161442 A CN1161442 A CN 1161442A CN 96123816 A CN96123816 A CN 96123816A CN 96123816 A CN96123816 A CN 96123816A CN 1161442 A CN1161442 A CN 1161442A
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C·S·佩奇
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Abstract

一种生产可吸入的生命保障低温液体混合物的方法，包括以下步骤：产生基本上已除去所有CO2和H2O的经处理的自然空气流；混合大量的混合气体，其中氮含量高于自然空气中的氮含量，以生产具有所期望氧/氮比例的成品气体混合物。在一台换热器中与一种合适的冷却液换热而液化所述的混合物。

Description

气体的生产
本发明涉及低温液体生产，更具体地说，涉及生产供低温冷却装置用的可以吸入的生命保障气体混合物。
当象氮一样的低温液体被用作制冷剂时，如果人进入高浓度汽化的液体区时总有窒息的危险。另外，如果用液氧，就会出增加可燃性的危险。因此，使用在蒸发后并不增加火灾危险的可以吸入的、生命保障制冷剂是非常理想的。这样的制冷剂是公知的，而目前的生产方法存在许多问题。例如，通常通过按重量混合纯的组分来批量生产混合物，这就存在着混合物组分是否精确及是否能保证发生恰当混合的实际问题。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种能减少并可能消除上述缺陷的生产可吸入的生命保障低温液体混合物的方法。
因此本发明提供了一种能连续或基本连续地生产可吸入的生命保障低温液体混合物的方法，包括的步骤有：压缩大量的自然空气；从所述自然空气中基本除去所有水份；从所述自然空气中基本除去所有的二氧化碳；提供大量的混合气体，其中包括比例比在自然空气中大的氮；让一部分所述混合气体与至少一部分减少了压缩湿汽和二氧化碳的自然空气混合，从生产具有所期望的氧气/氮气比例的成品混合物；把成品混合物冷却到低温，从而使所述成品混合物液化。
在一种模式中，混合气体包括一部分的减少了压缩湿汽和二氧化碳的自然空气，该自然空气已经过处理以至少从中除去部分氧。
在另一模式中，混合气体包括氮气源而不是减少了压缩湿汽和二氧化碳的自然空气。
有利的是，该方法包括监测成品混合物的氧浓度和根据监测的氧浓度混入混合气体的步骤。
最好成品混合物被冷却到过冷温度。
有利的是，冷却步骤包括让成品气体流过一台换热器并与大量低温冷却流体进行热交换的步骤。
该方法可以包括根据最终产品的需要控制所述成品混合物流动的步骤。
有利的是，该方法包括在完成冷却步骤后监测成品气体温度并控制所述低温冷却流体，以便使成品混合物的最终温度保持在给定温度范围内的步骤。
方便的是，自然空气源包括一个空气分离装置。
所述混合气体包括来自空气分离装置的氮。
另外，所述混合气体包括在大气压力下的汽化液氮。
方便的是，该低温冷却流体包括来自低温空气分离装置的氮。
有利的是，该混合气体可包括汽化的低温冷却流体。
最好该方法被运行以生产氧容积百分比浓度为从14至20％的低温流体混合物。
下面参照附图，通过实施例更详细地描述本发明，其中：
图1是适于完成本发明的装置的示意图；
图2是适于产生用于引入图1的装置的所需气流的装置的示意图；
图3表示本发明与一个商用空气分离单元(ASU)的结合。
参照图1，一个生产可吸入的生命保障低温气体的装置10包括一个自然空气A和氮N源，用于冷凝气体混合物的冷却装置12和用于在使用前临时存放冷却剂的存贮装置14。供应给该装置的空气A通过从中基本上除去所有湿汽和二氧化碳并以本领域的技术人员公知的方式将其压缩而被首先处理，形成处理过的自然空气。如果必要，也可以使用颗粒过滤步骤。适于完成该过程步骤的一个典型例子包括示于图1中，由附图标记24表示的一系列装置，顺次包括，一个标准过滤器16，压缩机18，用来预处理输入空气分离单元(ASU)的标准大气压下的空气(通过从中除去水蒸汽和二氧化碳)的分离系统20。当同时定量给本发明的和标准空气分离单元提供空气时，该预生产程序步骤可以用这样的装置实现。下文将公开本发明的装置10与标准ASU22的结合。
另外，装置24可以完成向本发明的装置10供应压缩的CO2及处理的无水份的自然空气A这唯一的目的。进一步的选择表示在图2中，从图中可从理解到，通过在过滤器26中过滤自然空气来产生气流A和N，在压缩机28中压缩它，在流动分离前流向用于去除CO2和H2O的装置30，以便将其中一部分引导到用于去除至少一部分氧气的分离装置31，因此就产生了气流N。这种分离装置30，31可以包括在本领域中公知而不必在此作进一步描述的简单的膜或吸收装置。进一步的可能性还表现在它们本身，例如，气流N可以通过蒸发在另一个有关或无关的流程中作为产品或副产品产生的液氮来形成。这样的一个例子表示在图3中，在下面将作详细讨论。
可以理解，本发明的目的是提供一种低温液体，它的含氧浓度不很高，最好低于自然空气的含氧浓度，因而不具有起火的危险性。因此，当气流N被描述为氮气流时，可以理解为，尽管其作用是稀释自然空气A中氧的浓度，它本身也可含有除氮以外的某些成份。只要其它成份确定不再对用户有危险，它们的存在也可以被容许。因此，混合气体N可包括基本纯的氮或富氮的气体混合物。
现在再参照图1，气流A和N在被按一定比例混合前分别流经截止阀VA和VG并从而产生了通常温度为286K、压力为3.5barg的气态成品混合物PG，该比例由通过流动控制阀VB的氮的流量来决定。一旦混合，混合物PG流过供应管路30，该供应管路按流动顺序排列具有：一个流动显示/控制器32，一个氧分析控制器34，通风阀VE及一个控制阀VF。一个高/低分析开关36可操纵地连接到氧分析/控制器34上以便启动入口处的阀VE和VF的运转。在运行时，流经装置10的成品混合物PG的流量受操作阀VC的控制，以便让所需之流量进到出口冷却器12。流动指示/控制器32经管线38被可操纵地连到阀VC上，用于监测流经管路30的成品混合物PG的流量，及启动对阀VA、VB及VG的控制以使成品供应量与输出要求相匹配。在正常运行状态下，成品混合物中氧浓度由氧分析控制器34监控，它启动对阀VB的控制，以改变供应中自然空气A相对于混合气体N的比率。在氧浓度百分比下降到超出预定的界限时，高/低氧分析开关36动作，启动对阀VE和VF的控制，以防止经阀VE流出废品而造成从冷却器供应废品。在废气体成品PG流动时，可以暂时取消流动控制步骤。在正常运行时，成品气体PG流入，例如像低温换热器冷却器12，与低温冷却流体CF通常在温度约为79K、压力为2barg下进行热交换，因而液化了成品气体。一旦被液化，液态成品气体PL通过出口管33经另一纯化控制系统40流到液态成品缓冲装置14，这就防止了任何废液体成品供应给缓冲器14。纯化控制系统40具有另一个氧分析器42及阀VP和VW，如果必要，在运行时，它们同时作用，允许或禁止液态流本进入缓冲装置14。不符合要求的液体可以通过阀VW排入大气或以任何一种方式处理。
虽然可以理解到，冷却介质CF可以包括在一种温度足够低以有助于液化成品气体的流体，但已经发现来自低温空气分离器22的废气或成品氮特别适用于该目的。液氮有足够的冷却能力来提供特殊度数的过冷产品，如果成品将被贮存任意时间，这是非常需要的。而且，其高的冷却能力可便于成品以稍高于某些其它冷却系统的生产率来生产。液氮LN可从贮液器52或液化器中供应，通常以以大约79K和2barg的状态流到冷却器12。流体控制阀VD装在入口管54上，其作用是允许或防止冷却氮流动，它响应来自控制器56的信号，控制器56用于接收来自差分压力监测器64的液位信号，而该探测器的安装是用于监测冷却器12的沸腾通道的冷却液的液位，冷却器12设有大体上垂直的贯穿其中的通道。该液位控制器的设定点由来自温度监测器58的温度信号确定，该温度监测器用于在成品PL流出换热器12时检测其温度。如果成品PG的温度升到预定水平以上时，就开始控制冷却流体以提高液位及流量。辅助控制装置可以包括一个信号选择装置62，其作用是：如果冷却液以低于温度监测器60检测的预定温度水平流出冷却器，就减少其流量，温度监测器60用于检测流出换热器12时冷却流体温度；及一个低液位开关系统，它包括检测换热器12冷却流体侧液位的液位传送器64，换热器12被连接到具有控制阀VA和VD的低液位开关装置66上，假如冷却器的沸腾通道中的冷却液体液位降到预定值以下时关闭该装置。假如废冷却液体CF的温度降到预定值以下从而指示出系统故障时，可将另一个低温检测器68形式的安全部件可操纵地连接到阀VD上。也可以用一个手动操纵开关70来取代这些系统中的一个或两个系统，并启动对冷却流体CF流动的控制。废的冷却流CF送去处理或通过管道72及流动指示器74再进一步利用。如果液氮被用作冷却液，则通常温度为276K、压力为大气压的废气可在压缩机76中进行压缩并可用作富氮气体N源。示于图1中的装置还包括一个减压阀77，几个止回阀78和分别显示气体混合物的温度和液氮在它们各自进入冷却器12入口上游处的温度的温度指示器79和80。
现参照图3，从图中可以理解本发明适合于与一台适当规模的商用ASU结合以提供剩余的已处理空气A和氮产品或副产品，它们成为本发明的冷却流体CF和可能的混合气体N之源。该结合相当简单，它涉及对空气过滤器126，压缩机128及CO2/H2O去除器130等的选择，它们有足够的能力为ASU22和本发明的空气入口A提供预处理的空气。最好ASU用于生产氧产品150，氮52用作本发明的冷却液CF。但也可这样理解，仍将用于生产氮产品的一台ASU与本发明相结合。但是，可以认为结果会导致一些产品损失。示于图3的装置的其它特性与示于图1中的相同，也用相同的附图标记表示。

Claims (10)

1.一种连续或基本连续地生产可以吸入的、保障生命的低温液体混合物的方法，包括以下步骤：
压缩大量的自然空气；
从所述自然空气中基本除去所有水份；
从所述自然空气中基本除去所有二氧化碳；
提供大量的其中氮浓度大于在自然空气氮浓度的混合气体；
将部分所述混合气体与至少一部分减少了压缩的湿汽和二氧化碳的自然空气混合，从而产生具有期望的氧/氮比例的成品混合物；并且
把成品混合物冷却到低温，从而液化所述成品混合物。
2.一种如权利要求1所述的方法，其中混合气体含有一部分压缩的减少了湿汽的二氧化碳的自然空气，而该自然空气已被处理过，以便至少从中除去部分氧气。
3.一种如权利要求1或2所述的方法，包括监测成品混合物的氧浓度并按监测的氧浓度与混合气体混合的步骤。
4.一种如前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其中成品混合物被冷却到过冷温度。
5.一种如权利要求1至4之一所述的方法，包括按最终产品的要求控制所述混合物流动的步骤。
6.一种如权利要求1至5之一所述的方法，其中所述冷却步骤包括让成品气体流过一台换热器，并与大量低温冷却液进行热交换的步骤。
7.一种如权利要求6所述的方法，包括在该冷却步骤后监测成品气体的温度及控制所述低温冷却液的流动，以使成品混合物的最终温度保持在给定温度范围的步骤。
8.一种如权利要求6或7所述的方法，其特征在于该混合气体取自流过换热器的低温冷却液通道下游的低温冷却液。
9.一种如权利要求8所述的方法，其特征在于该低温冷却液是液氮。
10.一种如权利要求1至9之一所述的方法，其特征在于，产生的低温气体的氧浓度在14％到20％之间。
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