CN116130943A - Ka wave band cone beam antenna - Google Patents
Ka wave band cone beam antenna Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN116130943A CN116130943A CN202211106532.4A CN202211106532A CN116130943A CN 116130943 A CN116130943 A CN 116130943A CN 202211106532 A CN202211106532 A CN 202211106532A CN 116130943 A CN116130943 A CN 116130943A
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- antenna
- floor
- dielectric substrate
- microstrip line
- cone beam
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
- H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
- Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
- Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks
Abstract
The invention discloses a Ka band cone-shaped beam antenna, which consists of a single-layer metal floor, a coaxial probe, a single-layer dielectric substrate and an antenna patch array, wherein the single-layer metal floor is rectangular, a metal through hole is arranged in the center of the floor, an SMA connector is arranged at the bottom of the floor, and the SMA connector is contacted with the floor and connected with the coaxial probe; the upper layer of the dielectric substrate is an antenna patch array, the antenna is integrally formed into a Chinese character 'mi' shape by eight antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching on the dielectric substrate, and each patch unit consists of a rectangular microstrip antenna, a parasitic capacitance ring, a transmission microstrip line and an impedance matching microstrip line; the antenna accesses signals from the SMA joint through a coaxial probe passing through a single-layer dielectric substrate and a single-layer metal floor. The invention can realize the design requirements of wide wave beam, high gain, low side lobe and the like.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of microstrip antennas, in particular to a Ka-band cone-beam antenna.
Background
The microstrip antenna is an antenna formed by adding a conductor sheet on a dielectric substrate with a conductive metal floor, and belongs to the class of small electric antennas; the principle is that a periodic electromagnetic field is excited in a dielectric substrate between an antenna patch and a metal floor by feeding through microstrip lines, coaxial lines or slot coupling and the like, and the periodic electromagnetic field is radiated out through an equivalent slot formed by the edge of the antenna patch and the metal floor.
The microstrip antenna has various forms and is mainly divided into a microstrip patch antenna, a microstrip line antenna, a microstrip slot antenna, a microstrip traveling wave antenna and the like; the advantages are small volume, low section and light weight; the feed mode is simple, can be integrated with an antenna generally, and is easy to integrally process; the functions of circular polarization, dual frequency bands and the like are easy to realize.
The rectangular microstrip antenna is one of the most commonly used microstrip antennas, and the working frequency band of the antenna can be flexibly adjusted by adjusting the length and the width of the antenna patch; the planar structure of the rectangular microstrip antenna enables the rectangular microstrip antenna to be conformal with the surface of a carrier, and the rectangular microstrip antenna is commonly used in the fields of missile fuses, satellite communication and the like. In satellite communication, two satellite carriers usually form a certain angle during working, and self-rotate at a certain angular velocity, so that the common rectangular microstrip antenna cannot meet the requirements. The radiation pattern and polarization of the cone beam antenna have circumferential symmetry on a normal plane of the propagation direction, and the maximum radiation direction of the antenna is on a cone surface which forms a certain angle with the propagation direction; thus, cone beam antennas are one of the types of antennas commonly used in satellite communication systems.
The fundamental mechanism for realizing cone beams is to construct radial reverse current or electric field, and the main current forms comprise cone beam antennas with circular polarization, cone beam antennas with linear polarization, cone beam antennas with reconfigurable, and the like, wherein the main beams of the antennas are concentrated near 0 degrees, and specific scanning requirements cannot be realized; cone beam antennas are developed to achieve high gain and large beam coverage.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a Ka-band cone-shaped beam antenna, which utilizes a common rectangular microstrip antenna to realize the design requirements of wide beam, high gain, low side lobe and the like in the Ka band.
The technical solution for realizing the purpose of the invention is as follows: a Ka-band cone-beam antenna comprises a single-layer metal floor, coaxial probes, a single-layer dielectric substrate and an antenna patch array;
the single-layer metal floor is rectangular, a metal through hole is arranged in the center of the floor, an SMA joint is arranged at the bottom of the floor, and the single-layer metal floor is contacted with the floor and connected with the coaxial probe;
the coaxial probe penetrates through the single-layer dielectric substrate and the single-layer metal floor and is connected with the SMA connector;
the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer dielectric substrate are both made of metal, the upper surface is provided with an antenna patch array, and the lower surface is a single-layer metal floor;
the antenna patch array works in the Ka frequency band; the antenna is integrally formed by a plurality of antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, and each antenna patch unit is formed by a rectangular microstrip antenna, a parasitic capacitance ring, a transmission microstrip line and an impedance matching microstrip line; the antenna patch array is integrated with the single-layer dielectric substrate, and signals are accessed from the SMA connector through coaxial probes penetrating through the single-layer dielectric substrate and the single-layer metal floor.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the remarkable advantages that:
(1) The invention adopts a single-layer dielectric substrate and a single SMA coaxial feed structure, thereby greatly reducing the complexity of the antenna structure;
(2) The antenna disclosed by the invention is characterized in that a novel'm' -shaped array is built through eight antenna array elements, and a radial reverse electric field is constructed, so that cone-shaped wave beams are realized;
(3) The antenna is evolved from a rectangular microstrip antenna, and has small volume and light weight; the device has a planar structure and can be conformal with the surface of a satellite carrier;
(4) The parasitic capacitance ring is adopted by the antenna, so that the main lobe beam width of the antenna is obviously increased under the condition of not changing other characteristics of the antenna, and the amplitude of the side lobe level is restrained;
(5) Compared with the traditional cone beam antenna, the longitudinal section height of the antenna related in the invention is only twenty times of the medium wavelength corresponding to the central frequency point; the longitudinal section height of the antenna is effectively reduced.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a Ka-band cone beam antenna according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a simulation graph of the Ka-band cone beam antenna S11 of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the XOZ plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the YOZ plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the XOY plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention can be applied to ground satellite communication terminals, indoor WLAN, micro base stations, radio fuses and other systems, and particularly relates to a Ka-band cone-beam antenna of a satellite communication system.
As shown in fig. 1, a novel linear polarization cone beam antenna comprises a single-layer metal floor 1, a coaxial probe 2, a single-layer dielectric substrate 3 and an antenna patch array 4;
the single-layer metal floor 1 is rectangular, a metal through hole is arranged in the center of the floor, an SMA joint 5 is arranged at the bottom of the floor, and the single-layer metal floor is contacted with the floor and connected with the coaxial probe 2;
the coaxial probe 2 passes through the single-layer dielectric substrate 3 and the single-layer metal floor 1 and is connected with the SMA joint 5;
the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer dielectric substrate 3 are both made of metal, the upper surface is provided with an antenna patch array 4, and the lower surface is a single-layer metal floor 1;
the antenna patch array 4 works in the Ka frequency band; the antenna is integrally formed by eight antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, and each patch unit is formed by a rectangular microstrip antenna, a parasitic capacitance ring, a transmission microstrip line and an impedance matching microstrip line; the antenna patch array 4 is integrated with the single layer dielectric substrate 3, and signals are accessed from the SMA joint 5 through the coaxial probes 2 passing through the single layer dielectric substrate 3 and the single layer metal floor 1.
The single-layer dielectric substrate 3 is made of Rogers-4350 b plates, has a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a thickness of 0.254mm and is about one twentieth of the wavelength of the dielectric, so that the longitudinal section height of the antenna is effectively reduced.
The antenna patch array 4 consists of eight antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, and each patch unit takes a coaxial probe as a center and is distributed on the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate 3 in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi'; the spacing angle between each patch unit is 45 degrees; a radially opposite electric field is constructed therewith to form a cone beam.
The side of the rectangular microstrip antenna is provided with a groove recessed towards the inside of the antenna, and the groove is used for changing the transmission path of the guided wave in the antenna, so that the output impedance is adjusted to meet engineering requirements.
The parasitic capacitance ring is positioned at the periphery of the rectangular microstrip antenna and has the function of changing the beam characteristic of the antenna in the far field by influencing the near electric field of the antenna; the beam width of the rectangular microstrip antenna in the far field can be effectively expanded through precise calculation.
The transmission microstrip line comprises a 50 omega transmission microstrip line and a 100 omega transmission microstrip line; through accurate calculation, the linewidth of the 50 omega microstrip line is 0.576mm, and the linewidth of the 100 omega microstrip line is 0.13mm.
The impedance matching microstrip line is a quarter-wavelength impedance matching microstrip line; the microstrip line length is one quarter of the medium wavelength, and the microstrip line width is 0.29mm; the impedance matching method is simple, easy to implement and good in matching effect.
The single-layer metal floor 1, the metal through holes and the antenna patch array 4 are all made of copper.
A preferred design example of a cone beam planar antenna operating in the Ka band is given below:
using a dielectric constant epsilon r =3.66, h=0.254 mm, the plate used is a dielectric substrate of Rogers-4350 b, on whichA single-layer metal floor with the same size is arranged on the lower surface of the floor, a metal through hole is arranged in the center of the floor, an SMA joint is arranged at the bottom of the floor, and the single-layer metal floor is contacted with the floor and is connected with a coaxial probe; the upper surface of the dielectric substrate is provided with an antenna array unit, the whole antenna array unit consists of eight antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, and each patch unit consists of a rectangular microstrip antenna, a parasitic capacitance ring, a transmission microstrip line and an impedance matching microstrip line; the dimensions of the rectangular microstrip antenna satisfy the following formula:
wherein W represents the broadside of the rectangular microstrip antenna, L represents the long side of the rectangular microstrip antenna, wherein the broadside is perpendicular to the feeder line, the long side is parallel to the feeder line, c represents the speed of light in vacuum, ε r And f represents the dielectric constant of the material filled in the dielectric substrate and is the working frequency. Through the calculation of the steps (1) and (2), simulation and debugging are carried out, and finally, the wide side W=2.55 mm and the long side L=1.87 mm of the rectangular microstrip antenna are determined; the center of the wide side of the rectangular microstrip antenna is provided with an inward concave groove for changing the output impedance of the antenna, the width of the groove is about one third of the wide side of the antenna, and the length of the groove is about one sixth of the long side of the rectangular microstrip antenna; a transmission microstrip line is led out from a slot in the center of the wide side of the rectangular microstrip antenna, and the resistance is the same as the absolute value of the output impedance of the rectangular microstrip antenna; in the invention, the absolute value of the output impedance of the rectangular microstrip antenna and the resistance of the transmission microstrip line are both 100 omega; the 100 omega transmission line and the 50 omega transmission line are connected by a section of quarter-wavelength matching microstrip line; the parasitic capacitance ring is arranged outside the rectangular microstrip antenna, and the beam characteristic of the antenna in the far field is influenced by changing the near electric field parameter of the antenna, so that the purpose of widening the beam range of the antenna is achieved.
Each antenna patch unit takes the coaxial probe as the center and is distributed on the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi'; the spacing angle between each patch unit is 45 degrees; constructing a radial reverse electric field to form a cone beam; the single-layer metal floor, the metal through holes and the antenna patch array are all made of metal copper.
Fig. 2 is a simulation graph of the Ka-band cone beam antenna S11 of the present invention. Where the radial coordinate represents the normalized gain value of the antenna and the lateral coordinate represents the frequency. As can be seen from the figure, the antenna has two resonance points, which are respectively in the vicinity of 37.5GHz and 42 GHz; in the invention, 37.5GHz is selected as the main resonant frequency, and S11 at the point is about-25 dB, so that better impedance matching is realized; the impedance bandwidth is about 1GHz.
Fig. 3 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the XOZ plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention. Wherein the radial coordinate represents the normalized gain value of the antenna and the circumferential coordinate represents the angle; as can be seen from the figure, the beam pointing angle of the antenna is 25 °, and the 3dB beam width is about 30 °; the antenna gain is about 9.2dB.
Fig. 4 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the YOZ plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention. Wherein the radial coordinate represents the normalized gain value of the antenna and the circumferential coordinate represents the angle; as can be seen from the figure, the beam characteristics of the antenna XOZ plane and YOZ plane coincide.
Fig. 5 is a simulated normalized radiation pattern of the XOY plane of the Ka band cone beam antenna of the present invention. Wherein the radial coordinate represents the normalized gain value of the antenna and the circumferential coordinate represents the angle; as can be seen from the figure, the antenna has circumferential symmetry in the normal plane to the propagation direction.
What is not described in detail in the present specification is a well known technology to those skilled in the art.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and improvements could be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the inventive concept, which falls within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. The Ka-band cone-beam antenna is characterized by comprising a single-layer metal floor, coaxial probes, a single-layer dielectric substrate and an antenna patch array;
the single-layer metal floor is rectangular, a metal through hole is arranged in the center of the floor, an SMA joint is arranged at the bottom of the floor, and the single-layer metal floor is contacted with the floor and connected with the coaxial probe;
the coaxial probe penetrates through the single-layer dielectric substrate and the single-layer metal floor and is connected with the SMA connector;
the upper and lower surfaces of the single-layer dielectric substrate are both made of metal, the upper surface is provided with an antenna patch array, and the lower surface is a single-layer metal floor;
the antenna patch array works in the Ka frequency band; the antenna is integrally formed by a plurality of antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, and each antenna patch unit is formed by a rectangular microstrip antenna, a parasitic capacitance ring, a transmission microstrip line and an impedance matching microstrip line; the antenna patch array is integrated with the single-layer dielectric substrate, and signals are accessed from the SMA connector through coaxial probes penetrating through the single-layer dielectric substrate and the single-layer metal floor.
2. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the antenna patch array is composed of eight antenna patch units subjected to impedance matching, each patch unit is distributed on the upper surface of the single-layer dielectric substrate in a shape of a Chinese character 'mi' with a coaxial probe as a center; the spacing angle between each patch unit is 45 °.
3. The Ka-band cone beam antenna according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the rectangular microstrip antenna is provided with a slot recessed into the antenna for adjusting the output impedance at the side thereof.
4. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 2, wherein the parasitic capacitance loop is located at the periphery of a rectangular microstrip antenna.
5. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 2, wherein the transmission microstrip lines comprise a 50 Ω transmission microstrip line and a 100 Ω transmission microstrip line.
6. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 5, wherein the 50 Ω microstrip line width is 0.576mm and the 100 Ω microstrip line width is 0.13mm.
7. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 2, wherein the impedance matching microstrip line is a quarter-wavelength impedance matching microstrip line.
8. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 7, wherein the impedance matching microstrip line is one quarter of a dielectric wavelength long and the microstrip line linewidth is 0.29mm.
9. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the single layer metal floor, metal vias and antenna patch array are all made of copper.
10. The Ka-band cone beam antenna of claim 1, wherein the single layer dielectric substrate is fabricated from Rogers 4350b sheet material having a dielectric constant of 3.66 and a thickness of 0.254mm.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211106532.4A CN116130943A (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Ka wave band cone beam antenna |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211106532.4A CN116130943A (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Ka wave band cone beam antenna |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116130943A true CN116130943A (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211106532.4A Pending CN116130943A (en) | 2022-09-12 | 2022-09-12 | Ka wave band cone beam antenna |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN116130943A (en) |
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2022
- 2022-09-12 CN CN202211106532.4A patent/CN116130943A/en active Pending
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