CN116123267A - Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine - Google Patents

Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116123267A
CN116123267A CN202310026389.6A CN202310026389A CN116123267A CN 116123267 A CN116123267 A CN 116123267A CN 202310026389 A CN202310026389 A CN 202310026389A CN 116123267 A CN116123267 A CN 116123267A
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CN
China
Prior art keywords
main shaft
ball seat
pressure head
aligning
hardness
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN202310026389.6A
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
林硕
阙鹏峰
陈俊薪
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Quanzhou Jingzhuan Measurement Technology Co ltd
Fujian Metrology Institute
Original Assignee
Quanzhou Jingzhuan Measurement Technology Co ltd
Fujian Metrology Institute
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Quanzhou Jingzhuan Measurement Technology Co ltd, Fujian Metrology Institute filed Critical Quanzhou Jingzhuan Measurement Technology Co ltd
Priority to CN202310026389.6A priority Critical patent/CN116123267A/en
Publication of CN116123267A publication Critical patent/CN116123267A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/02—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/0018—Shaft assemblies for gearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H57/00—General details of gearing
    • F16H57/02—Gearboxes; Mounting gearing therein
    • F16H57/021—Shaft support structures, e.g. partition walls, bearing eyes, casing walls or covers with bearings
    • F16H57/022—Adjustment of gear shafts or bearings
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N3/40—Investigating hardness or rebound hardness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
    • G01N2203/0016—Tensile or compressive
    • G01N2203/0019—Compressive
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/003—Generation of the force
    • G01N2203/0032—Generation of the force using mechanical means
    • G01N2203/0033—Weight
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
    • G01N2203/0058—Kind of property studied
    • G01N2203/0076—Hardness, compressibility or resistance to crushing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Support Of The Bearing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides an automatic aligning main shaft of a hardness machine, which comprises a guide main shaft, a lower end main shaft, a first aligning device, a hanging device, a second aligning device, an elastic buffer device and a pressure head device. The guiding main shaft is connected with the lower main shaft, the lower main shaft is connected with the hanging upper cross beam through the first aligning device, and the hanging upper cross beam is connected with the pressure head device through the second aligning device and the elastic buffer device. According to the invention, the whole main shaft of the hardness machine has an automatic aligning function through the two aligning devices, so that the radial force of the guide main shaft is effectively reduced, and the guide precision and the test force precision are improved; and the upper and lower cross beams of the hanger adopt a circumferential trisection structure, so that the eccentricity caused by a processing technology can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the test force is improved. And finally, the comprehensive metering performance of the hardness machine is improved.

Description

Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine
[ field of technology ]
The invention relates to a hardness standard machine, in particular to a main shaft of the hardness standard machine.
[ background Art ]
The hardness standard machine is used for detecting standard hardness blocks, and a dead weight type test force loading mode is adopted in most cases. At present, the main shaft structure of the hardness machine mainly takes a ball spline as a guide, and the lower end of the ball spline is connected with a hanger of weights. The hanging generally adopts a beam of a symmetrical mechanism, two hanging rods are connected, and the lower ends of the hanging rods are connected with a tray. Thus has the following disadvantages:
the disadvantage 1 is that in actual manufacturing, the center of gravity of the weight and other parts cannot be completely on the center line of the main shaft. The hanger exerts a radial force on the spindle, causing the spindle to be eccentric. And friction force in the movement process is increased, and the precision of the hardness machine is affected.
And 2, the counterforce frame structure of two suspenders and one beam is easier to incline, so that the stability of the main shaft is affected.
And 3, in the loading process of the main shaft, impact is easy to generate, and the precision of the hardness machine is affected.
[ invention ]
In view of the above, the present invention aims to provide an automatic aligning spindle of a hardness machine, which has an automatic aligning function by adjusting load distribution, and improves guiding precision and test force precision of the hardness machine.
In order to achieve the purpose of the invention, the technical scheme adopted by the embodiment of the invention is as follows: a self-aligning hardness machine spindle comprising:
the guide main shaft is vertically arranged in the axial direction and can move along the axial direction;
a lower spindle; comprises a main shaft sleeve, a main shaft connecting plate, a main shaft locking positioning nut, three side wall holes and a pressure head mounting groove; the main shaft sleeve is provided with a cavity; the main shaft connecting plate covers the cavity and is fixedly connected with the main shaft sleeve; the main shaft connecting plate is provided with a main shaft jack, and the bottom end of the guide main shaft is inserted into the main shaft jack and locked by the main shaft locking positioning nut; the three side wall openings are distributed on the side wall of the main shaft sleeve in a trisection manner; the pressure head mounting groove is formed in the bottom of the main shaft sleeve;
the first aligning device is arranged in the cavity and comprises a first hard ball and a first ball seat, wherein the first hard ball freely falls in the first ball seat and receives pressure from the main shaft locking and positioning nut;
the hanger comprises an upper cross beam, a lower cross beam and three suspenders; the upper cross beam is positioned below the main shaft locking and positioning nut and is provided with a central body and three upper beam arms, the upper surface of the central body is provided with a first ball seat groove, the lower surface of the central body is provided with a second ball seat groove, and the central body is not in direct contact with the main shaft at the lower end; the first ball seat groove is used for fixing the first ball seat, the inner ends of the three upper beam arms are fixedly connected with the central body, the outer ends of the three upper beam arms respectively penetrate through one side wall open hole transversely and are fixedly connected with the top end of a suspender, the lower beam is provided with three lower beam arms, and the three lower beam arms are respectively connected with the bottom end of the suspender, so that a circumferential trisection structure is formed by hanging;
the second aligning device is arranged in the cavity and comprises an upper ball seat, a lower ball seat and a second hard ball, the upper ball seat is reversely and fixedly connected in the second ball seat groove, the lower ball seat is correspondingly higher than the lower part of the upper ball seat, and the second hard ball is freely positioned between the upper ball seat and the lower ball seat and receives pressure from the upper ball seat;
the pressure head device is fixed in the pressure head mounting groove.
Further, a hemispherical groove is formed in the bottom of the main shaft locking and positioning nut, and the hemispherical groove is reversely buckled on the first hard ball.
Further, the pressure head device comprises a hardness pressure head and a pressure head locking nut, wherein the hardness pressure head is embedded into the pressure head mounting groove from bottom to top and is locked by the pressure head locking nut.
Further, the guiding main shaft is a ball spline shaft, a linear guide rail shaft or an air bearing shaft.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the upper and lower centering devices are arranged, so that the whole main shaft of the hardness machine has an automatic centering function, the radial force of the guide main shaft can be effectively reduced, the guide precision is improved, and the test force precision of the hardness machine is improved. The upper and lower cross beams of the hanger adopt a circumferential trisection structure, so that the eccentricity caused by a processing technology can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the test force is improved. And finally, the comprehensive metering performance of the hardness machine is improved.
[ description of the drawings ]
The invention will be further described with reference to examples of embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a spindle of a flexible hardness machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic top view of the main shaft of the flexible hardness machine according to the present invention.
Fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a bottom view of a main shaft of the flexible hardness machine according to the present invention.
FIG. 4 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of the spindle of the flexible hardness machine of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is an axial cross-sectional schematic view of the spindle of the flexible hardness machine of the present invention, with the pilot spindle uninstalled.
Fig. 6 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the main shaft of the flexible hardness machine according to the invention.
[ detailed description ] of the invention
According to the embodiment of the invention, the automatic aligning main shaft of the hardness machine is provided, and the load distribution is adjusted, so that the main shaft of the hardness machine has an automatic aligning function, and the guiding precision and the test force precision of the hardness machine are improved.
The technical scheme in the embodiment of the invention aims to solve the problems, and the overall thought is as follows: through setting up two aligning device from top to bottom, the hardness machine main shaft is whole to have automatic aligning function, thereby make hang and direction main shaft, the connection between the lower extreme main shaft have certain flexibility, have the adjustment load and distribute the function, can effectively reduce the radial force of direction main shaft, improve the direction precision, improved the experimental force precision of hardness machine. And the upper and lower cross beams of the hanger adopt a circumferential trisection structure, so that the eccentricity caused by a processing technology can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the test force is also improved. And finally, the comprehensive metering performance of the hardness machine is improved.
In order to better understand the above technical solutions, the following detailed description will refer to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments.
The main shaft of the hardness machine of the embodiment has certain flexibility, so that the function of adjusting load distribution is achieved.
Referring to fig. 1 to 6, a main shaft 100 of the hardness machine of the present embodiment includes a guiding main shaft 1, a lower main shaft 2, a first aligning device 3, a hanger 4, a second aligning device 5 and a pressing head device 7.
The guide main shaft 1 is vertically arranged in the axial direction and can move along the axial direction; the guiding spindle 1 is used for guiding, constraining the radial direction to move the durometer spindle 100 in the axial (i.e., vertical) direction. The guide spindle 1 is generally a ball spline shaft, but not limited to this, and may be a linear guide shaft or an air bearing shaft, which is axially moved in cooperation with the spindle cover 200 on the hardness machine.
A lower spindle 2; comprises a main shaft sleeve 21, a main shaft connecting plate 22, a main shaft locking positioning nut 23, three side wall holes 24 and a pressure head mounting groove 25; the spindle sleeve 21 has a cavity 212; the spindle connecting plate 22 covers the cavity 212 and is fixedly connected with the spindle sleeve 21; the spindle connecting plate 22 is provided with a spindle insertion hole 222, and the bottom end of the guiding spindle 1 is inserted into the spindle insertion hole 222 and locked by the spindle locking positioning nut 23; three of the sidewall openings 24 are distributed on the sidewall of the spindle sleeve 21 in a trisection manner; the pressure head mounting groove 25 is formed in the bottom of the main shaft sleeve 21; the lower spindle 2 is a key component of the spindle 100 of the hardness machine, has the function of automatically adjusting unbalanced moment, reduces radial force of the guide spindle 1, enables test force to be transmitted to the guide spindle 1 through the hard alloy ball, and improves loading precision of the test force.
The first aligning device 3 is arranged in the cavity 212 and comprises a first hard ball 31 and a first ball seat 32, wherein the first hard ball 31 freely falls in the first ball seat 32 and receives pressure from the main shaft locking and positioning nut 23; since the first hard ball 31 can roll relative to the first ball seat 32, an automatic aligning effect can be generated on the guide spindle 1, and the direction of the test force can be adjusted.
A hanger 4 comprising an upper beam 41, a lower beam 42 and three hanger rods 43; the upper cross beam 41 is located below the spindle locking positioning nut 23 and has a central body 411 and three upper beam arms 412, the upper surface of the central body 411 is provided with a first ball seat slot 413, the lower surface is provided with a second ball seat slot 414, and the central body 411 is not in direct contact with the lower spindle 2; the first ball seat slot 411 is used for fixing the first ball seat 32, the inner ends of the three upper beam arms 413 are fixedly connected with the central body 411, the outer ends of the three upper beam arms 413 respectively and transversely penetrate through one side wall opening 24 and are fixedly connected with the top end of one suspender 43, and the lower beam 42 is provided with three lower beam arms 422 and is respectively connected with the bottom end of one suspender 43 through the three lower beam arms 422. The upper beam arm 412 and the lower beam arm 422 are uniformly distributed in the circumferential direction, so that the hanging 4 integrally forms a circumferential trisection structure, thereby effectively reducing the eccentricity caused by the processing technology, effectively reducing the unbalanced moment and improving the accuracy of the test force.
The second aligning device 5 is arranged in the cavity 212 and comprises an upper ball seat 51, a lower ball seat 52 and a second hard ball 53, the upper ball seat 51 is reversely and fixedly connected in the second ball seat groove 414, the lower ball seat 52 is correspondingly higher than the lower part of the upper ball seat 51, and the second hard ball 53 is freely positioned between the upper ball seat 51 and the lower ball seat 52 and receives pressure from the upper ball seat 51; since the second hard ball 53 can roll relative to the upper ball seat 51, an automatic centering effect can be generated on the upper beam 41, thereby adjusting the direction of the test force.
The pressing head device 7 is fixed in the pressing head mounting groove 25 and is used for contacting the standard hardness block 400 to obtain axial test force.
Further, as a better or more specific implementation manner of the above embodiment, the following technical features may be further provided:
the bottom of the spindle lock positioning nut 23 is provided with a hemispherical groove 232, and the hemispherical groove 232 is inversely buckled on the first hard ball 31.
The ram device 7 comprises a hardness ram 71 and a ram locking nut 72, wherein the hardness ram 71 is embedded in the ram mounting groove 25 from bottom to top and is locked by the ram locking nut 72.
The first hard sphere 31 and the second hard sphere 53 are cemented carbide spheres.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the lower spindle 2 of the hardness machine spindle 100 is a key component thereof, has the function of automatically adjusting unbalanced moment, and reduces radial force directed to the spindle 1. In operation, the guide spindle 1 is restrained in the radial direction by the spindle housing, and the lifting mechanism 300 is lifted or lowered from the lower end of the lower beam 42, thereby lifting or lowering the upper beam 41 together.
When the lifting mechanism 300 descends, the guide spindle 1 falls on the first hard ball 31 through the spindle lock positioning nut 23, and the guide spindle 1 moves downward by its own weight. The guide main shaft 1 is hardly subjected to radial force at this time, so that the axial guide accuracy is improved.
When the hardness indenter 71 contacts the standard hardness block 400, the hardness machine spindle 100 is not moved any further except for a very shallow indentation depth, and needs to remain on the standard hardness block 300 for a certain period of time. At this time, the upper beam 41 continues to move downward following the elevating mechanism 300, and a test force is applied to the main shaft 100 of the hardness machine. The upper beam 41 is not in direct contact with the lower spindle 2 and weight is applied to the first ball seat 32 through the first hard ball 31. The first hard ball 31 has an automatic centering function, so that the direction of the test force is adjusted, and the loading accuracy of the test force is improved.
When the test force loading time has elapsed, the lifting mechanism 300 moves upward. When the first hard ball 31 at the upper end of the upper beam 41 contacts the spindle lock positioning nut 23, the guide spindle 1 starts to move upward, and the hardness indenter 71 is separated from the standard hardness block 400.
The invention has the advantages that: according to the invention, the upper and lower centering devices are arranged, so that the whole main shaft of the hardness machine has an automatic centering function, the radial force of the main shaft of the hardness machine can be effectively reduced, the guiding precision is improved, and the test force precision of the hardness machine is improved. The upper and lower cross beams of the hanger adopt a circumferential trisection structure, so that the eccentricity caused by a processing technology can be effectively reduced, and the accuracy of the test force is improved. And finally, the comprehensive metering performance of the hardness machine is improved.
While specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the specific embodiments described are illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and that equivalent modifications and variations of the invention in light of the spirit of the invention will be covered by the claims of the present invention.

Claims (4)

1. An automatic hardness machine main shaft of aligning, its characterized in that: comprising the following steps:
the guide main shaft is vertically arranged in the axial direction and can move along the axial direction;
a lower spindle; comprises a main shaft sleeve, a main shaft connecting plate, a main shaft locking positioning nut, three side wall holes and a pressure head mounting groove; the main shaft sleeve is provided with a cavity; the main shaft connecting plate covers the cavity and is fixedly connected with the main shaft sleeve; the main shaft connecting plate is provided with a main shaft jack, and the bottom end of the guide main shaft is inserted into the main shaft jack and locked by the main shaft locking positioning nut; the three side wall openings are distributed on the side wall of the main shaft sleeve in a trisection manner; the pressure head mounting groove is formed in the bottom of the main shaft sleeve;
the first aligning device is arranged in the cavity and comprises a first hard ball and a first ball seat, wherein the first hard ball freely falls in the first ball seat and receives pressure from the main shaft locking and positioning nut;
the hanger comprises an upper cross beam, a lower cross beam and three suspenders; the upper cross beam is positioned below the main shaft locking and positioning nut and is provided with a central body and three upper beam arms, the upper surface of the central body is provided with a first ball seat groove, the lower surface of the central body is provided with a second ball seat groove, and the central body is not in direct contact with the main shaft at the lower end; the first ball seat groove is used for fixing the first ball seat, the inner ends of the three upper beam arms are fixedly connected with the central body, the outer ends of the three upper beam arms respectively penetrate through one side wall open hole transversely and are fixedly connected with the top end of a suspender, the lower beam is provided with three lower beam arms, and the three lower beam arms are respectively connected with the bottom end of the suspender, so that a circumferential trisection structure is formed by hanging;
the second aligning device is arranged in the cavity and comprises an upper ball seat, a lower ball seat and a second hard ball, the upper ball seat is reversely and fixedly connected in the second ball seat groove, the lower ball seat is correspondingly higher than the lower part of the upper ball seat, and the second hard ball is freely positioned between the upper ball seat and the lower ball seat and receives pressure from the upper ball seat;
the pressure head device is fixed in the pressure head mounting groove.
2. A self-aligning hardness tester spindle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the bottom of the main shaft locking positioning nut is provided with a hemispherical groove, and the hemispherical groove is reversely buckled on the first hard ball.
3. A self-aligning hardness tester spindle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the pressure head device comprises a hardness pressure head and a pressure head locking nut, wherein the hardness pressure head is embedded into the pressure head mounting groove from bottom to top and is locked by the pressure head locking nut.
4. A self-aligning hardness tester spindle as claimed in claim 1, wherein: the guide main shaft is a ball spline shaft, a linear guide rail shaft or an air bearing shaft.
CN202310026389.6A 2023-01-09 2023-01-09 Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine Pending CN116123267A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310026389.6A CN116123267A (en) 2023-01-09 2023-01-09 Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310026389.6A CN116123267A (en) 2023-01-09 2023-01-09 Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
CN116123267A true CN116123267A (en) 2023-05-16

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
CN202310026389.6A Pending CN116123267A (en) 2023-01-09 2023-01-09 Automatic aligning main shaft of hardness machine

Country Status (1)

Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117782786A (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-03-29 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117782786A (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-03-29 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine
CN117782786B (en) * 2024-02-26 2024-05-14 福建省计量科学研究院（福建省眼镜质量检验站） Improved Shore hardness machine

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