CN116123030A - Vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch - Google Patents
Vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch Download PDFInfo
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- CN116123030A CN116123030A CN202310162131.9A CN202310162131A CN116123030A CN 116123030 A CN116123030 A CN 116123030A CN 202310162131 A CN202310162131 A CN 202310162131A CN 116123030 A CN116123030 A CN 116123030A
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- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000452 restraining effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010720 hydraulic oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors
- F03D7/06—Controlling wind motors the wind motors having rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor
- F03D3/06—Rotors
- F03D3/062—Rotors characterised by their construction elements
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
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- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch, which comprises a plurality of support shafts and blades, wherein the blades are connected with the support shafts through first rotating shafts, the blades are stressed to deflect around the first rotating shafts, second rotating shafts are arranged at pneumatic centers of the blades, and the second rotating shafts are connected with the support shafts through springs; each blade is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to the corresponding blade to form deflection constraint between the blades, and the hydraulic cylinders are communicated with each other so as to balance centrifugal forces born by the blades through connectivity of internal liquid. The invention adopts a structure with variable blade pitch angle to reduce the aerodynamic load of the blade and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. In the variable pitch structure, the supporting shaft is connected with the blade through two rotating shafts, so that the blade deflects around the rotating shaft I close to the front edge of the blade under the action of self pneumatic force, pitch angle change is realized, and the spring and the hydraulic mechanism are arranged through the rotating shaft II so as to balance aerodynamic force and centrifugal force.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of vertical axis wind turbines, in particular to an improved novel vertical axis wind turbine with the advantages of high efficiency, low fatigue load and the like.
Background
With the increasing importance of wind energy development in various countries in the world, a vertical axis wind turbine with advantages of no need of wind, low gravity center and the like has attracted extensive attention and research. The vertical axis wind turbine can rotate to generate electricity under the blowing of wind. However, the traditional vertical axis wind turbine support shaft is fixedly connected with the blades, so that the blades need to bear larger pneumatic load with severe fluctuation in the rotating process, the structural safety is affected, the pneumatic efficiency of the wind turbine is reduced, and the development and the utilization of wind energy are further limited. Such a fixedly connected blade, whose angle (pitch angle) between its own chord line and the tangent of the trajectory is constant during movement, is called a fixed-pitch blade.
The prior publication is named as a mechanism for controlling the pitch angle of a vertical axis wind turbine by using magnetic force and wind force, and the principle is that the blade deflects around a point 2 (see the attached drawing of the abstract of the comparison) under the action of wind force, and the blade deflects to a proper angle by the magnetic attraction force of Bz and Bd. It belongs to passive pitch (i.e. pitch by wind and magnetic or elastic force), and the passive pitch structure needs to avoid being influenced by centrifugal force, i.e. the rotation of the whole blade around the rotation center of the whole wind turbine is influenced by centrifugal force, the rotation speed of the wind turbine is different, the centrifugal force of the blade is different, and redundant outward deflection occurs, which is unfavorable for reducing aerodynamic load and improving aerodynamic efficiency. Therefore, if the 2 points in the disclosed patent are located at the center of gravity of the blade, the centrifugal force is not affected, but in practical application, the 2 points need to be relatively forward (deviated from the center of gravity of the blade), as disclosed in claim 1 of the present invention, the position of the rotating shaft of the blade is close to the camber line of the blade as much as possible, and is near the aerodynamic center of the blade or in front of the pressure center of the blade. If the pitch center 2 is at the rear, the effect of pitch under the action of wind force can not be achieved, and the pitch is even changed in the opposite direction, so that the effect of centrifugal force is affected, and the tendency of eversion is necessarily caused.
In order to solve the problems, the proposal is generated.
Disclosure of Invention
(one) solving the technical problems
The invention adopts a structure with variable blade pitch angle to reduce the blade aerodynamic load and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine, so as to solve the problems in the prior art.
(II) technical scheme
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: the vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing the pitch comprises a plurality of support shafts and blades, wherein the blades are connected with the support shafts through first rotating shafts, the blades are stressed to deflect around the first rotating shafts, second rotating shafts are arranged at pneumatic centers of the blades, and the second rotating shafts are connected with the support shafts through springs; each blade is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to the corresponding blade to form deflection constraint between the blades, and the hydraulic cylinders are communicated with each other so as to balance centrifugal forces born by the blades through connectivity of internal liquid.
Preferably, the first position of the shaft is located in front of the aerodynamic center of the blade (about 1/4 chord length from the leading edge on the chord line of the blade) (forward in the direction towards the leading edge of the blade). That is, the shaft should be close to the blade leading edge, and beyond the blade leading edge, the distance from the blade leading edge should not exceed 1/4 of the chord length of the blade.
The rotating shaft is located behind the first rotating shaft and is close to the pneumatic center of the blade.
Preferably, the hydraulic cylinder is located at the front end of the support shaft, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second rotating shaft and is nested with the spring, so that the blade deflection is restrained together.
Preferably, an adjustable damping valve structure is arranged at the rotation center of the support shaft, a conducting pipeline is respectively communicated among the hydraulic cylinders, and the inner side end of each hydraulic pipeline extends and is communicated into the damping valve structure to form a passage.
As an optimized scheme, further, the damping valve structure comprises a hollow support, a first through hole communicated with the hydraulic pipeline is formed in the support in the circumferential direction, a swivel base is connected in the support in a swivel mode, a second through hole matched with the first through hole in size is formed in the swivel base in the circumferential direction, and the staggered position of the first through hole and the second through hole is changed through rotating the swivel base so as to adjust liquid circulation resistance.
(III) beneficial effects
After the technical scheme is adopted, compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. a hydraulic cylinder is designed for each blade and is communicated with each other through a liquid passage, the hydraulic cylinder and a spring are nested and are jointly connected to a second rotating shaft, and the hydraulic cylinder and the spring are nested and are jointly used for restraining deflection of the blade. Meanwhile, through the design of the hydraulic cylinder and the hydraulic passage, the centrifugal force of the three blades can be balanced by utilizing the connectivity of the liquid pressure, so that the influence of the centrifugal force on the deflection of the blades is eliminated.
2. A vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing the pitch is characterized in that a rotating shaft is designed at the front edge of a blade to be connected with a supporting shaft and the blade, so that the blade deflects under the aerodynamic force to change the pitch, and the pneumatic load borne by the blade is reduced; the second rotating shaft is designed on the blade and is connected with the supporting shaft through a spring for balancing aerodynamic force, so that the problems of excessive deflection and difficult alignment of the blade are prevented, and meanwhile, the deflection amplitude of the blade is restrained to obtain higher aerodynamic efficiency.
3. An adjustable damping valve structure is invented at the junction of hydraulic passages, and can change the resistance of liquid flowing, thereby changing the damping of blades when deflection, improving the blade pitch stability and adjusting the blade pitch response speed.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a partial structure of the portion A in FIG. 1 according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the connection of a blade to a support shaft according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a damper valve according to the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the damping valve structure of the present invention in a disassembled state;
FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a blade of the present invention being subjected to force and adaptive pitch.
In the figure: 1. a support shaft; 2. a blade; 3. a first rotating shaft; 4. a second rotating shaft; 5. a spring; 6. a hydraulic cylinder; 7. a damping valve structure; 71. a support; 72. a first through hole; 73. rotating base; 74. a second through hole; 8. and a hydraulic pipeline.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments and with reference to the accompanying drawings, in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent.
The embodiment of the invention provides a vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing the pitch, which adopts a structure with a variable blade pitch angle so as to reduce the aerodynamic load of the blade and improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine. In the variable pitch structure, the supporting shaft 1 is not fixedly connected with the blade 2 any more, but is connected through two rotating shafts, and the blade 2 deflects around the rotating shaft 3 close to the front edge of the blade 2 under the action of self pneumatic force, so that the pitch angle change is realized.
The pitch system is further designed in that a spring 5 and a hydraulic mechanism are arranged through a second rotating shaft 4 and used for balancing aerodynamic force and centrifugal force, so that the blades 2 can pitch conveniently with proper amplitude and proper conditions, aerodynamic load of the blades 2 is reduced, and aerodynamic efficiency of the wind turbine is improved.
Referring to fig. 1-3, specifically, the first rotation axis 3 needs to be close to the front edge of the blade 2, and may exceed the front edge of the blade 2, but not exceed the front edge of the blade 2, the distance from the front edge must not exceed 1/4 of the chord length of the blade 2. This structural limitation is to enable the blades 2 to deflect in a desired direction under aerodynamic forces, which provides an unloading effect, thereby reducing aerodynamic forces and reducing aerodynamic loads. Secondly, due to the design of the integral position of the first rotating shaft 3, when the blade 2 is acted by pneumatic force, the blade 2 can deflect (pitch) around the first rotating shaft 3 towards the direction for reducing the pneumatic force, and unloading is carried out, so that the pneumatic load is reduced.
The second rotating shaft 4 is connected with the supporting shaft 1 through a spring 5 and is used for balancing aerodynamic force of the blade 2. Further, the second axis of rotation 4 should be located at the aerodynamic center of the blade 2, i.e. at 1/4 chord of the blade 2 from the leading edge.
Through designing above-mentioned spring 5 constraint structure, the elastic force that produces through spring 5 deformation balances the aerodynamic force of blade 2, prevents on the one hand that blade 2 from excessively deflecting, is difficult to the alignment. On the other hand, in order to make the blade 2 in a proper aerodynamic range, ensure that the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 2 is not reduced due to excessive deflection of the blade 2, and proper deflection can also improve the aerodynamic efficiency of the blade 2, thereby improving the energy obtaining efficiency of the wind turbine.
In practice there is also the problem that the blades 2 will be subjected to centrifugal forces when the wind turbine rotor rotates and that under the effect of the centrifugal forces an excessive outward deflection occurs, which will be detrimental to reducing aerodynamic loads and improving aerodynamic efficiency. Meanwhile, the rotation speed of the wind wheel changes under different working conditions, so that the centrifugal force is different, and the centrifugal force is difficult to balance through a reliable device. For this purpose, the present application further provides for a hydraulic system, i.e. for each blade 2 a hydraulic cylinder 6 is provided for balancing the centrifugal force.
Referring to fig. 3, a hydraulic cylinder 6 is located at the front end of the support shaft 1, and its output end is connected to the second rotating shaft 4 and is in a nested design with the spring 5, and the hydraulic cylinder 6 is in a nested design with the spring 5 and together plays a role in restraining deflection of the blade 2.
The hydraulic cylinders 6 communicate with each other to form a hydraulic passage, and are filled with a liquid (a liquid which is difficult to compress and has low viscosity, such as water or hydraulic oil is required). By designing the hydraulic cylinder 6 and the hydraulic passage, the centrifugal forces of the three blades 2 can be balanced with each other by utilizing the connectivity of the liquid pressure, thereby eliminating the influence of the centrifugal forces on the deflection of the blades 2.
It should be noted that, the design of the hydraulic system will bring constraint relation to deflection between the blades 2, but preliminary researches have not found that the constraint relation brought by the hydraulic system can obviously reduce the load-reducing and efficiency-improving effects of the pitch mechanism.
Referring to fig. 4-5, further, the junction of the hydraulic passages is further provided with an adjustable damping valve structure 7, wherein the damping valve structure 7 comprises a hollow support 71, a first through hole 72 communicated with the hydraulic pipeline 8 is circumferentially formed in the support 71, a swivel seat 73 is rotationally connected to the support 71, a second through hole 74 with a size matched with that of the first through hole 72 is circumferentially formed in the swivel seat 73, namely, the staggered position of the first through hole 72 and the second through hole 74 is changed by rotating the swivel seat 73 (the aperture size of the first through hole for guiding out liquid is changed), the resistance in liquid circulation can be changed, the damping in deflection of the blade 2 is further changed, the pitch stability of the blade 2 is improved, and the pitch response speed of the blade 2 is adjusted.
Wherein the hydraulic pipeline 8 is made of rigid materials and can bear certain pressure on the inner side and the outer side without deformation.
With reference to fig. 6, the structure of the present application will be described in further detail with reference to practical applications:
1. during the rotational movement of the blades 2, when moving to the windward region, the left-hand blade 2 is positioned, the blades 2 are subjected to a large aerodynamic force Fn towards the inside of the wind wheel, which would pose a certain threat to the structure of the blades 2. At this time, the variable blade 2 is adaptively deflected to the inside by the combined action of the aerodynamic force, the spring 5 and the hydraulic cylinder 6. After deflection of the blade 2, it will be possible to reduce this aerodynamic force and to raise the tangential force to some extent, lifting the blade 2 from the energy extracted from the flowing wind with reduced aerodynamic load.
2. When the blade 2 moves to the downwind area, the right blade 2 is positioned in fig. 6, and the blade 2 is subjected to a relatively large aerodynamic force toward the outside of the wind wheel. The aerodynamic force at this time and the acting force of the blade 2 in the windward region are opposite to each other for the blade 2, and therefore the blade 2 will be subjected to fatigue load. For the adaptive pitch blade 2 of the present invention, the blade 2 will be adaptively deflected to the outside under the combined action of aerodynamic forces, springs 5 and hydraulic forces. After the blades 2 deflect, aerodynamic force at the moment can be reduced, tangential force is lifted, and aerodynamic efficiency of the blades 2 is improved under the condition of reducing aerodynamic load.
3. When the blade 2 moves directly below, i.e. at the junction of the upwind zone and downwind zone, the blade 2 will ideally not be subjected to significant aerodynamic forces, in particular radially, which are almost zero. The adaptive blade 2 will now remain in an un-pitched state under the constraint of the spring 5. The state at this time can reduce aerodynamic drag as much as possible, which is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the whole wind turbine. Since the three blades 2 are constrained to each other by hydraulic communication, the blade 2 immediately below may also undergo a slight deflection by hydraulic action, depending on the loaded characteristics of the remaining two blades 2.
The foregoing description of the embodiments has been provided for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention, and is not meant to limit the invention thereto, but to limit the invention thereto, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and equivalents thereof may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention.
Claims (7)
1. The utility model provides a but vertical axis wind turbine of self-adaptation variable pitch, includes a plurality of back shaft and blade, blade and back shaft are connected through pivot one, and blade atress revolute pivot one and deflect, its characterized in that: a second rotating shaft is arranged at the pneumatic center of the blade and is connected with the supporting shaft through a spring; each blade is provided with a hydraulic cylinder, the output end of each hydraulic cylinder is connected to the corresponding blade to form deflection constraint between the blades, and the hydraulic cylinders are communicated with each other, so that centrifugal forces born by the blades are balanced by the connectivity of liquid in the hydraulic cylinders.
2. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 1, wherein: the first rotating shaft is positioned in front of the pneumatic center of the blade.
3. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft is located behind the first rotating shaft and is close to the pneumatic center of the blade.
4. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 1, wherein: the hydraulic cylinder is positioned at the front end of the supporting shaft, and the output end of the hydraulic cylinder is connected to the second rotating shaft and is nested with the spring, so that the blade deflection is restrained together.
5. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 1, wherein: the adjustable damping valve structure is arranged at the rotation center of the support shaft, the plurality of hydraulic cylinders are respectively communicated with a conducting pipeline, and the inner side end of each hydraulic pipeline extends and is communicated into the damping valve structure to form a passage.
6. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 5, wherein: the damping valve structure comprises a hollow support, a first through hole communicated with the hydraulic pipeline is formed in the circumference of the support, a swivel base is rotationally connected to the support, a second through hole matched with the first through hole in size is formed in the circumference of the swivel base, and the staggered position of the first through hole and the second through hole is changed by rotating the swivel base so as to adjust liquid circulation resistance.
7. The adaptive pitch vertical axis wind turbine of claim 6, wherein: the hydraulic pipeline is made of rigid materials.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310162131.9A CN116123030A (en) | 2023-02-21 | 2023-02-21 | Vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310162131.9A CN116123030A (en) | 2023-02-21 | 2023-02-21 | Vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN116123030A true CN116123030A (en) | 2023-05-16 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202310162131.9A Pending CN116123030A (en) | 2023-02-21 | 2023-02-21 | Vertical axis wind turbine capable of adaptively changing pitch |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117703667A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 东北电力大学 | Horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine based on diversion and synergy of photovoltaic panel and control method |
-
2023
- 2023-02-21 CN CN202310162131.9A patent/CN116123030A/en active Pending
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117703667A (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-03-15 | 东北电力大学 | Horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine based on diversion and synergy of photovoltaic panel and control method |
| CN117703667B (en) * | 2024-02-06 | 2024-05-07 | 东北电力大学 | Horizontal and vertical axis wind turbine based on diversion and synergy of photovoltaic panel and control method |
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