CN116121888A - Secondary drafting and bundling collection method for micro-nano fibers - Google Patents

Secondary drafting and bundling collection method for micro-nano fibers Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116121888A
CN116121888A CN202310211669.4A CN202310211669A CN116121888A CN 116121888 A CN116121888 A CN 116121888A CN 202310211669 A CN202310211669 A CN 202310211669A CN 116121888 A CN116121888 A CN 116121888A
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micro
collecting
nanofibers
fiber
roller
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CN202310211669.4A
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Inventor
贾煜
赵存屹
斯阳
刘成凯
张旋
代子荐
俞建勇
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Donghua University
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Donghua University
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    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/12Stretch-spinning methods
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D10/00Physical treatment of artificial filaments or the like during manufacture, i.e. during a continuous production process before the filaments have been collected
    • D01D10/02Heat treatment
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01DMECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D7/00Collecting the newly-spun products
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
    • Y02P70/62Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product related technologies for production or treatment of textile or flexible materials or products thereof, including footwear

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a secondary drafting and bundling collection method of micro-nano fibers, which comprises the following steps: the first step: spraying the supercritical fluid spinning solution from the spinneret holes in the spinneret plate to volatilize the solvent into fibers; and a second step of: sequentially passing the fiber through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drawing area to obtain a fiber opening and secondary drawing micro-nano fiber; and a third step of: under the action of negative air pressure, collecting the micro-nano fibers subjected to fiber opening and secondary drafting on a collecting net of a conveying device, sequentially passing through an oven, a hot-pressing roller and a guide roller, and finally winding on the collecting roller to finally obtain the non-woven fabric. Compared with the prior art, the method can prepare the non-woven fabric with high strength, good barrier property and good comfort property.

Description

Secondary drafting and bundling collection method for micro-nano fibers
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, in particular to a secondary drafting and bundling collection method of micro-nano fibers.
Background
Flash spinning technology was first discovered in 1957 by Herbeit Blade of dupont in the united states in studying polyolefin foaming. Flash spinning is a special case of dry spinning in which the polymer rapidly forms fibers when the solvent flashes, also known as flash spinning. Flash spinning is a spinning method in which a polymer solution is extruded through a spinneret plate under high pressure to reach normal pressure while being above the boiling point of a solvent. During spinning, the solvent evaporates rapidly due to the sudden pressure drop, and very fine fiber tows are ejected. And then the fiber tows are opened to form a fluffy fiber network structure, and then the nonwoven fabric is formed through the procedures of collection, conveying, hot rolling and the like. The flash vaporization non-woven fabric has unique product characteristics, has excellent puncture resistance, tearing resistance, water resistance and air permeability, and can be widely applied to various functional protective clothing. The protective clothing prepared by the method is light and soft, has good barrier property, has ventilation pores on the cloth cover, and has higher comfort compared with other protective clothing. In addition, flash-spun nonwovens are also widely used in packaging, printing, construction, and agricultural applications.
The flash spinning material mainly comprises fiber-forming polymer, main solvent, auxiliary solvent and additive. In order to facilitate the dissolution of the polymer, the polymer used in the flash spinning process is typically a number of linear high molecular polymers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, etc. The boiling point of the main solvent used for flash spinning is generally low (lower than 100 ℃), and the main solvent mainly comprises aromatic hydrocarbon (such as benzene, toluene and the like), halogenated hydrocarbon (such as methylene dichloride, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, chloroethane, trichlorofluoromethane and the like), aliphatic hydrocarbon (such as butane, normal hexane, pentene, heptane and the like) and alicyclic hydrocarbon (such as cyclohexane, unsaturated hydrocarbon and the like), and the main solvent is selected or combined according to the difference of fiber-forming polymers; the main functions of the auxiliary solvent in the flash spinning process are to aid in dissolving, raise or lower the cloud point pressure of the spinning solution, lower the surface tension of the polymer and the like, and the main categories include alkane, halohydrocarbon, cycloparaffin, alcohol and some gases. In the flash spinning process, a small amount of additive is usually required to be added, and the main function is to enable the flash spinning process to be smoothly carried out or to endow the product with certain characteristics so as to meet the application of the product in certain fields. Commonly used additives mainly include nucleating agents, antioxidants, stabilizers, dyes, functional materials, and the like.
The strength of the non-woven fabric manufactured by the domestic flash evaporation method is poor, the fiber distribution in the non-woven fabric is uneven, the comfort is poor when the size of the gaps in the non-woven fabric is smaller, and the comfort is improved when the size of the gaps in the non-woven fabric is larger, but the barrier property is poor, and the use requirement of the protective clothing on the non-woven fabric is difficult to meet. Therefore, the preparation of the non-woven fabric with high strength, good barrier property and good comfort property is a difficult problem to be solved.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for micro-nano fibers.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the invention aims to provide a secondary drafting and bundling collection method of micro-nano fibers, which comprises the following steps:
the first step: the supercritical fluid spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinneret orifices in the spinneret plate, and the solvent volatilizes to form fibers;
and a second step of: sequentially passing the fiber through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drawing area to obtain a fiber opening and secondary drawing micro-nano fiber;
and a third step of: under the action of negative air pressure, collecting the micro-nano fibers subjected to fiber opening and secondary drafting on a collecting net of a conveying device, sequentially passing through an oven, a hot-pressing roller and a guide roller, and finally winding on the collecting roller to finally obtain the non-woven fabric.
Further, the fibers obtained in the first step are fiber bundles.
Further, the supercritical fluid spinning solution in the first step comprises polyolefin, a main solvent and a cosolvent; the polyolefin has holes of one selected from polyethylene, polypropylene and polymethylpentene; the pore number of the main solvent is selected from one of benzene, dichloromethane, butane, cyclohexane and 1, 2-dichloroethane; the pore number of the cosolvent is one selected from cyclopentane, chlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide.
Further, the mass of the polyolefin accounts for 8-20% of the total mass of the polyolefin and the solvent; the mass ratio of the main solvent to the cosolvent is (9-3): 1.
further, the solvent refers to a mixed solvent of a main solvent and a cosolvent.
Further, in the first step, the number of holes of the spinneret plate in the spinneret plate is one selected from 1 hole, 2 holes, 3 holes, 4 holes and 5 holes; the diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.5-1.5 mm.
Further, in the second step, the heating temperature of the heating area is 40-100 ℃, and the purpose of heating is to further remove the solvent which is not completely volatilized in the fibers, so as to avoid the adhesion between the fibers; in the second step, the fiber opening and secondary drawing area utilizes compressed air to uniformly disperse and further refine the fibers, and the air flow speed of the compressed air is 5000-12000 m/min.
Further, in the third step, the negative air pressure is realized by a suction device, the highest pressure of the suction device is-1 to-0.01 MPa, and the purpose of utilizing the negative air pressure is as follows: the micro-nano fibers are fast and easy to drift around under the action of compressed air, so that the micro-nano fibers are difficult to collect, and the micro-nano fibers can be uniformly and stably collected on the collecting net of the conveying device by adopting negative air pressure for collecting.
Further, the diameter of the micro-nano fiber is 0.1-1.5 mu m.
Further, in the third step, the heating temperature of the oven is 150-300 ℃, the heating time is 10-30 s, and the micro-nano fibers are subjected to in-situ crosslinking among the fibers through the oven.
Further, in the third step, the temperature of the hot-pressing roller is 60-120 ℃, the speed is 5-15 m/min, the distance between the hot-pressing rollers is 0.05-1.5 mm, the hot-pressing roller rolls the crosslinked micro-nano fibers to prepare a non-woven fabric, and the thickness of the non-woven fabric is 0.1-1 mm.
Further, the speed of the hot press roller in the third step is larger than the conveying speed of the conveying device, and the speed difference between the hot press roller and the conveying device is 0.05-0.3 m/min, so that the curled fibers are straightened under the action of the stretching force.
Further, in the third step, the winding speed of the collecting roller is 5-20 cm/min, the rotating speed of the hot pressing roller is kept consistent with the winding speed of the collecting roller, and the non-woven fabric between the hot pressing roller and the collecting roller has no tension.
Further, the gram weight of the non-woven fabric is 30-100 g/m 2 The length of the non-woven fabric is 20-50 m, and the width is about 80cm.
The mechanism of the invention is introduced as follows:
firstly, after the supercritical fluid spinning solution passes through a spinneret plate from a high-pressure chamber to a low-pressure chamber, the solvent is slightly separated from the polymer, when the spinning solution passes through the spinneret plate, the solvent is converted into steam from a liquid state, the steam expands rapidly at the spinneret orifice, the polymer and the solvent are accelerated to form supersonic flow due to expansion, and the polymer exists in the form of bead drops in the fluid; and the solvent generates phase transition, the solvent and the polymer generate phase separation, and the fluid generates high-speed stretching by means of a speed gradient while the phase is thermally converted. The entire process is instantaneously completed, and the polymer is rapidly crystallized, thereby rapidly forming extremely fine fiber bundles. Heating the fibers to remove the residual solvent in the fiber bundles, so that the fibers in the fiber bundles are prevented from being adhered; then, the compressed air is utilized to carry out fiber opening and secondary drawing treatment on the fiber bundles to obtain micro-nano fibers; and collecting the high-speed moving fibers under the action of negative air pressure, so that the fibers are uniformly deposited on the collecting net. And then introducing the fluffy fiber network structure into an oven, softening fibers in the fluffy fiber network structure, calendering the softened non-woven fabric by using a hot pressing roller, then enabling the non-woven fabric to pass through a guide roller, finally collecting the non-woven fabric by using a winding device, and arranging a plurality of collecting rollers on the winding device to realize continuous collection of the non-woven fabric and improve the production efficiency.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1) According to the secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for the micro-nano fibers, provided by the technical scheme, the solvent is further volatilized by heating after the fiber bundles are sprayed out, adhesion among the fiber bundles is avoided, and the fiber bundles are opened and secondarily stretched by utilizing high-pressure air, so that the prepared fibers are small in diameter and narrow in diameter distribution.
2) According to the secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for the micro-nano fibers, the fibers are uniformly collected by utilizing negative pressure, then the fibers are heated, and rolling is performed by utilizing a hot pressing roller, so that bonding points are formed among the fibers, and the non-woven fabric with high strength, good barrier property and good comfort property is prepared.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an SEM image of micro-nanofibers in example 1 of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. Features such as a part model, a material name, a connection structure, a control method and the like which are not explicitly described in the technical scheme are all regarded as common technical features disclosed in the prior art.
A secondary drafting and bundling collection method of micro-nano fibers comprises the following steps:
the first step: the supercritical fluid spinning solution is sprayed out from the spinneret orifices in the spinneret plate, and the solvent volatilizes to form fibers;
and a second step of: the fiber sequentially passes through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drawing area to obtain micro-nano fiber with the fiber opening area and the secondary drawing area;
and a third step of: under the action of negative air pressure, the micro-nano fibers subjected to fiber opening and secondary drafting are collected on a collection net of a conveying device, sequentially pass through an oven, a hot-pressing roller and a guide roller, and finally are wound on the collection roller, so that the non-woven fabric is finally obtained.
Example 1
The embodiment provides a secondary drafting and bundling collection method for micro-nano fibers, which comprises the following steps:
first, 20g of polyethylene, 180g of methylene chloride and 20g of cyclopentane were dissolved at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a supercritical fluid spinning solution. The supercritical fluid spinning solution enters a low-pressure chamber from a high-pressure chamber, is sprayed out from a spinneret plate with a single spinneret hole, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 1.2mm, a solvent is quickly volatilized to form a fiber bundle, then the fiber bundle sequentially passes through a heating area, a fiber opening and secondary drafting area, the temperature of the heating area is 80 ℃, the airflow speed of the fiber opening and secondary drafting area is 9000m/min, and then under the action of negative air pressure of 0.05MPa, the micro-nano fibers after fiber opening and secondary drafting are collected on a collecting net of a conveying device, sequentially passes through a baking oven, a hot pressing roller and a guide roller at 180 ℃, and finally is wound on the collecting roller. The time for the micro-nano fiber to pass through the oven is 30s, the temperature of the hot pressing roller is 80 ℃, the speed is 6m/min, and the distance between the hot pressing rollers is 1mm; the speed of the collection roller was 5.95cm/min. The nonwoven fabric finally obtained had a thickness of 0.8mm, a length of 30m, a width of about 80cm and a grammage of 50g/m 2 The air permeability of the nonwoven fabric was 32mm/s, and the maximum tensile strength at break was 243N/5cm.
As shown in fig. 1, SEM images of a bundle of micro-nanofibers prepared by the flash evaporation method can be seen that the fibers have good surface morphology.
Example 2
The embodiment provides a secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for micro-nano fibers, which comprises the following specific steps:
the secondary drafting and bundling collecting method of the micro-nano fiber specifically comprises the following steps: first, 30g of polypropylene, 170g of methylene chloride and 30g of cyclopentane were dissolved at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a supercritical fluid spinning solution. The supercritical fluid spinning solution enters a low-pressure chamber from a high-pressure chamber and is sprayed out from a spinneret plate with three spinneret holes, the diameter of each spinneret hole is 0.8mm, a solvent is quickly volatilized to form a fiber bundle, and then the fiber bundle sequentially passes through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drafting area, the temperature of the heating area is 90 ℃, and the fiber opening area and the secondary drafting area are respectively arranged on the fiber bundleThe air flow speed of the domain is 10000m/min, then under the action of negative air pressure of 0.07MPa, the micro-nano fibers which are opened and secondarily drafted are collected on a collecting net of a conveying device, and then sequentially pass through an oven, a hot-pressing roller and a guide roller at 260 ℃ and finally are wound on the collecting roller. The time for the micro-nano fiber to pass through the oven is 15s, the temperature of the hot pressing roller is 100 ℃, the speed is 12m/min, and the distance between the hot pressing rollers is 1.2mm; the speed of the collection roller was 11.8cm/min. The nonwoven fabric finally obtained had a thickness of 1.1mm, a length of 36m, a width of about 80cm and a grammage of 90g/m 2 The air permeability of the nonwoven fabric was 27mm/s and the maximum tensile break strength was 273N/5cm.
Example 3
The embodiment provides a secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for micro-nano fibers, which comprises the following specific steps:
the secondary drafting and bundling collecting method of the micro-nano fiber specifically comprises the following steps: first, 25g of polyethylene, 170g of 1, 2-dichloroethane, and 30g of tetrafluoroethane were dissolved at high temperature and high pressure to obtain a supercritical fluid spinning solution. The supercritical fluid spinning solution enters a low-pressure chamber from a high-pressure chamber, is sprayed out from a spinneret plate with a single spinneret hole, the diameter of the spinneret hole is 1mm, a solvent is quickly volatilized to form a fiber bundle, then the fiber bundle sequentially passes through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drafting area, the temperature of the heating area is 60 ℃, the airflow speed of the fiber opening area and the secondary drafting area is 12000m/min, and then under the action of negative air pressure of 0.08MPa, the micro-nano fibers after fiber opening and secondary drafting are collected on a collecting net of a conveying device, sequentially passes through a baking oven, a hot pressing roller and a guide roller at 200 ℃, and finally is wound on the collecting roller. The time for the micro-nano fiber to pass through the oven is 18s, the temperature of the hot pressing roller is 100 ℃, the speed is 10m/min, and the distance between the hot pressing rollers is 0.8mm; the speed of the collection roller was 9.97cm/min. The nonwoven fabric finally obtained had a thickness of 0.75mm, a length of 28m, a width of about 80cm and a grammage of 80g/m 2 The air permeability of the nonwoven fabric was 30mm/s, and the maximum tensile strength at break was 263N/5cm.
The previous description of the embodiments is provided to facilitate a person of ordinary skill in the art in order to make and use the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications can be readily made to these embodiments and the generic principles described herein may be applied to other embodiments without the use of the inventive faculty. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and those skilled in the art, based on the present disclosure, should make improvements and modifications without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Claims (10)

1. The secondary drafting and bundling collecting method for micro-nano fiber is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the first step: spraying the supercritical fluid spinning solution from the spinneret holes in the spinneret plate to volatilize the solvent into fibers;
and a second step of: sequentially passing the fiber through a heating area, a fiber opening area and a secondary drawing area to obtain a fiber opening and secondary drawing micro-nano fiber;
and a third step of: under the action of negative air pressure, collecting the micro-nano fibers subjected to fiber opening and secondary drafting on a collecting net of a conveying device, sequentially passing through an oven, a hot-pressing roller and a guide roller, and finally winding on the collecting roller to finally obtain the non-woven fabric.
2. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein the supercritical fluid spinning solution in the first step comprises polyolefin, main solvent, and cosolvent;
the polyolefin is selected from one of polyethylene, polypropylene and polymethylpentene;
the main solvent is selected from one of benzene, dichloromethane, butane, cyclohexane and 1, 2-dichloroethane;
the cosolvent is selected from one of cyclopentane, chlorodifluoromethane, tetrafluoroethane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide;
the mass of the polyolefin accounts for 8-20% of the total mass of the polyolefin and the solvent;
the mass ratio of the main solvent to the cosolvent is (9-3): 1.
3. the method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein the number of holes of the spinneret plate in the first step is one selected from 1 hole, 2 holes, 3 holes, 4 holes and 5 holes;
the diameter of the spinneret orifice is 0.5-1.5 mm.
4. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the heating area in the second step is 40-100 ℃;
in the second step, the fiber opening and secondary drawing area utilizes compressed air to uniformly disperse and further refine the fibers, and the air flow speed of the compressed air is 5000-12000 m/min.
5. The method for secondary drawing and collecting bundles of micro-nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein the negative air pressure in the third step is achieved by a suction device, and the highest pressure of the suction device is-1 to-0.01 MPa.
6. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein the diameter of the micro-nanofibers is 0.1 to 1.5 μm.
7. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers according to claim 1, wherein the heating temperature of the oven in the third step is 150-300 ℃ and the heating time is 10-30 s.
8. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein in the third step, the temperature of the hot pressing roller is 60-120 ℃, the speed is 5-15 m/min, the distance between the hot pressing rollers is 0.05-1.5 mm, the hot pressing rollers roll the crosslinked micro-nanofibers to prepare a non-woven fabric, and the thickness of the non-woven fabric is 0.1-1 mm;
in the third step, the speed of the hot press roller is larger than the conveying speed of the conveying device, and the speed difference between the hot press roller and the conveying device is 0.05-0.3 m/min.
9. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein the winding speed of the collecting roller in the third step is 5-20 cm/min, and the rotation speed of the hot pressing roller is kept consistent with the winding speed of the collecting roller.
10. The method for collecting micro-nanofibers by secondary drawing and bundling according to claim 1, wherein the nonwoven fabric has a grammage of 30-100 g/m 2 The length of the non-woven fabric is 20-50 m, and the width is 80cm.
CN202310211669.4A 2023-03-07 2023-03-07 Secondary drafting and bundling collection method for micro-nano fibers Pending CN116121888A (en)

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JPH11100800A (en) * 1997-09-26 1999-04-13 Nippon Petrochem Co Ltd Reinforced wet nonwoven fabric and its production
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US20190298586A1 (en) * 2017-12-05 2019-10-03 The Procter & Gamble Company Stretch laminate with beamed elastics and formed nonwoven layer
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CN113944010A (en) * 2021-11-23 2022-01-18 厦门当盛科技有限公司 Method for preparing regenerated polyethylene non-woven fabric and regenerated polyethylene non-woven fabric
CN114150439A (en) * 2021-11-29 2022-03-08 厦门当盛新材料有限公司 Drawing device of flash spinning tow net and flash spinning equipment

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