CN116121564A - Method for smelting chromium metal by vacuum furnace external method - Google Patents

Method for smelting chromium metal by vacuum furnace external method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116121564A
CN116121564A CN202310122214.5A CN202310122214A CN116121564A CN 116121564 A CN116121564 A CN 116121564A CN 202310122214 A CN202310122214 A CN 202310122214A CN 116121564 A CN116121564 A CN 116121564A
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Prior art keywords
vacuum
furnace
smelting
reaction
chromium
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CN202310122214.5A
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吴芳芳
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Individual
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B34/00Obtaining refractory metals
    • C22B34/30Obtaining chromium, molybdenum or tungsten
    • C22B34/32Obtaining chromium
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22BPRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/04Refining by applying a vacuum
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25Process efficiency

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a method for smelting chromium metal by a vacuum furnace external method. The method comprises the following steps: 1. vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber is below 10pa; 2. closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating a reaction in a resistance ignition mode; 3. after the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body; 4. breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches below 200 ℃;5. sampling and crushing to obtain a finished product. The invention adopts vacuum smelting, the gas content in the reaction working condition is far lower than the gas density at normal temperature and pressure, and the nitrogen content of the obtained finished product can be effectively controlled to be below 0.001 percent. Solves the problem of high nitrogen content of the finished chromium product. Effectively controls the harmful gas in the downstream alloy smelting and plays a role in improving the downstream alloy performance. Has the benefit of improving the quality of downstream products. Is suitable for being applied as a method for smelting metal chromium by a vacuum furnace external method.

Description

Method for smelting chromium metal by vacuum furnace external method
Technical Field
The invention relates to metal chromium smelting in the field of metallurgy, in particular to a method for smelting metal chromium by a vacuum furnace external method.
Background
The metal chromium has the characteristics of hardness, wear resistance, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance and the like, and is widely applied to the metallurgical industry and used in the industrial departments of aviation, aerospace, electric appliances, instruments and the like. The smelting of chromium metal by the external furnace method is to finish the self-reaction process by the heat released by the self-reaction without using an external heat source.
At present, the smelting of the metal chromium outside the furnace is carried out at normal temperature and normal pressure, namely, chromium oxide, a heating agent and aluminum powder are uniformly mixed according to a certain proportion, the aluminum powder, the chromium oxide and the heating agent react through ignition excitation reaction of magnesium strips, and the heat released in the reaction process can continuously react until slag such as metal chromium, aluminum oxide and the like is completely generated. After the reaction, a molten state is formed for a period of time, generally 5-15 min, and the slag iron is naturally separated by different densities. The harmful gas content of the finished metal chromium product in the finished product is high, the national standard requirement nitrogen content is less than 0.03%, and the downstream product quality is adversely affected.
The nitrogen content in the chromium metal has influence on microstructure and heat treatment, the nitrogen content is increased, and the toughness is reduced; too high a residual content can result in loose macroscopic tissue or air voids.
The nitrogen content in the smelted chromium metal is effectively controlled, and the method is greatly beneficial to improving the quality of downstream products.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to effectively control the nitrogen content in the metal chromium and further improve the performance of the metal chromium, the invention provides a method for smelting the metal chromium by a vacuum furnace external method. The method is characterized in that the gas content in the reaction working condition is far lower than the gas density at normal temperature and normal pressure through vacuum smelting, the nitrogen content of the obtained finished product can be effectively controlled, and the technical problem of overhigh nitrogen content in the metal chromium is solved.
The invention solves the technical problems by adopting the scheme that:
the method for smelting metal chromium by a vacuum furnace external method reduces the gas density in a reaction environment by reducing the pressure in a vacuum chamber, thereby effectively controlling the nitrogen content of the metal chromium; the method comprises the following steps:
1. vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber is below 10pa;
2. closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating a reaction in a resistance ignition mode;
3. after the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body;
4. breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches below 200 ℃;
5. sampling and crushing to obtain a finished product.
The invention has the advantages that as the vacuum smelting is adopted, the gas content in the reaction working condition is lower than the gas density at normal temperature and normal pressure, the nitrogen content of the obtained finished product can be effectively controlled to be less than 0.001 percent. Solves the problem of high nitrogen content of the finished chromium product. The method has the advantages that harmful gases generated in downstream alloy smelting are effectively controlled, and the method plays a very positive role in improving the downstream alloy performance. Has great benefit for improving the quality of downstream products. Is suitable for being applied as a method for smelting metal chromium by a vacuum furnace external method.
Description of the embodiments
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention more clear, the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are some embodiments of the present invention, but not all embodiments. Accordingly, the following detailed description of the embodiments of the invention is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, as claimed, but is merely representative of selected embodiments of the invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
The metallothermic reduction process is a process for producing metals and alloys thereof which are free of carbon or refractory by reducing metal oxides having a high affinity for oxygen with a low affinity for oxygen. The external furnace method is one of the metallothermic reduction methods, and the metal or iron alloy produced by the method comprises metallic chromium, ferromolybdenum, ferrotitanium, ferroboron, ferroniobium, ferrozirconium, high-vanadium iron, high-tungsten iron and the like.
The reducing agent used for smelting metal by an external furnace method is metal with strong affinity with oxygen, and aluminum or silicon and ferrosilicon are commonly used. The basic condition of the smelting by the external furnace method is that when the heat value released by the oxidation of the reducing agent in the smelting process is more than 2.3kJ/mg, the heat released by the reaction is enough to enable the reaction to smoothly proceed.
Proper amount of heating aid is added into furnace burden smelted by an external furnace method, and the common heating aid comprises aluminum particles, saltpeter, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate, so that the sparking temperature is low, and the heating effect is large during combustion; the heat released by combustion of the heating aid can be used for hot metal burning thermal reduction reaction. The heating aid is ignited by burning the magnesium strip igniter. Flux is also mixed into the furnace burden, and lime, fluorite and silica are commonly used for controlling the reduction reaction speed and adjusting the viscosity of slag.
The smelting of the chromium metal under normal temperature and normal pressure outside the furnace is not repeated. In the embodiment, the metal chromium is smelted by an external furnace method under a vacuum working condition. By reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber, the gas density in the reaction environment is reduced, and the nitrogen content of the metal chromium is effectively controlled.
Examples
A method for smelting chromium metal by a vacuum furnace outside method comprises the following steps:
1. vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber reaches 15pa;
2. closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating a reaction in a resistance ignition mode;
3. after the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body;
4. breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches 200 ℃;
5. sampling and crushing to obtain a finished product.
The nitrogen content can be effectively controlled to be less than 0.003% through detection.
Examples
A method for smelting chromium metal by a vacuum furnace outside method comprises the following steps:
1. vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber reaches 10pa;
2. closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating a reaction in a resistance ignition mode;
3. after the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body;
4. breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches 195 ℃;
5. sampling and crushing to obtain a finished product.
The nitrogen content can be effectively controlled to be less than 0.002% through detection.
Examples
A method for smelting chromium metal by a vacuum furnace outside method comprises the following steps:
1. vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber reaches 5pa;
2. closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating a reaction in a resistance ignition mode;
3. after the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body;
4. breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches 190 ℃;
5. sampling and crushing to obtain a finished product.
The nitrogen content can be effectively controlled to be 0.001% through detection.
The working principle of the invention is as follows:
the proportion of components in the air: nitrogen accounts for about 78%; oxygen accounts for about 21%; helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon and radon noble gases account for about 0.939%; carbon dioxide accounts for approximately 0.031%; also ozone, nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and water vapour gases and impurities account for about 0.03%.
Therefore, the nitrogen gas content is far lower than that of the smelting at normal temperature and normal pressure. The vacuum environment mainly solves the problem that the content of harmful gas in the finished chromium metal product is high. Through vacuum smelting, the gas content in the reaction working condition is far lower than the gas density at normal temperature and normal pressure, and the nitrogen content of the obtained finished product can be effectively controlled.
The invention is characterized in that:
1. and smelting the metal chromium by an external vacuum furnace method. The pressure of the vacuum chamber reaches below 10pa in smelting, the heat released by the aluminothermic method in the reaction process can increase the pressure in the vacuum chamber, but the density of the gas in the vacuum chamber is not obviously changed, and the influence on the content of the gas in the finished product is limited.
2. And a resistor ignition mode. The metal such as magnesium strip can not burn to excite reaction under vacuum, and the resistance ignition is different from the ignition reaction mode of magnesium strip ignition, and the temperature can reach the excitation temperature of thermite reaction.
Finally, it should be noted that: the foregoing description is only illustrative of the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that modifications may be made to the embodiments described, or equivalents may be substituted for elements thereof, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements or changes may be made without departing from the spirit and principles of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for smelting chromium metal by a vacuum furnace external method is characterized in that: the gas density in the reaction environment is reduced by reducing the pressure in the vacuum chamber, so that the nitrogen content of the metal chromium is effectively controlled; the method comprises the following steps:
1) Vacuumizing a vacuum chamber of the vacuum furnace body by using a vacuum pump to ensure that the pressure intensity in the vacuum chamber is below 10pa;
2) Closing a valve of the vacuum pump, and initiating reaction in a resistance ignition mode;
3) After the reaction process is finished, filling inert protective gas, and simultaneously reducing the temperature in the furnace by using a circulating water heat exchange device of the vacuum furnace body;
4) Breaking vacuum and discharging when the temperature in the furnace reaches below 200 ℃;
5) Sampling and crushing to obtain the finished product.
CN202310122214.5A 2023-02-16 2023-02-16 Method for smelting chromium metal by vacuum furnace external method Pending CN116121564A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116640937A (en) * 2023-05-31 2023-08-25 湖北旌冶科技有限公司 Smelting method of high-quality metal chromium

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0582006A1 (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-02-09 JAPAN METALS & CHEMICALS CO., LTD. Method for producing high-purity metallic chromium
WO2001066809A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Nkk Corporation Chromium-containing metal and method for producing the same
CN102899511A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-01-30 中信锦州金属股份有限公司 Method for smelting high-purity metal chromium by external furnace method
US20160122848A1 (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-05 Cbmm - Companhia Brasileira De Metalurgia E Mineracao Processes for producing low nitrogen metallic chromium and chromium-containing alloys and the resulting products
CN105624436A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-01 娄底市大金新材料有限责任公司 Production method for high-purity chromium metal and vacuum arc furnace adopted by production method
CN109868375A (en) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-11 四川明宏恒进科技有限公司 A kind of production method of crome metal

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0582006A1 (en) * 1992-08-03 1994-02-09 JAPAN METALS & CHEMICALS CO., LTD. Method for producing high-purity metallic chromium
WO2001066809A1 (en) * 2000-03-07 2001-09-13 Nkk Corporation Chromium-containing metal and method for producing the same
CN102899511A (en) * 2012-10-31 2013-01-30 中信锦州金属股份有限公司 Method for smelting high-purity metal chromium by external furnace method
US20160122848A1 (en) * 2014-11-05 2016-05-05 Cbmm - Companhia Brasileira De Metalurgia E Mineracao Processes for producing low nitrogen metallic chromium and chromium-containing alloys and the resulting products
CN107002170A (en) * 2014-11-05 2017-08-01 巴西冶金采矿公司 Method and products obtained therefrom for producing low nitrogen crome metal and chrome-bearing alloy
CN105624436A (en) * 2016-01-26 2016-06-01 娄底市大金新材料有限责任公司 Production method for high-purity chromium metal and vacuum arc furnace adopted by production method
CN109868375A (en) * 2019-04-03 2019-06-11 四川明宏恒进科技有限公司 A kind of production method of crome metal

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116640937A (en) * 2023-05-31 2023-08-25 湖北旌冶科技有限公司 Smelting method of high-quality metal chromium
CN116640937B (en) * 2023-05-31 2024-05-28 湖北旌冶科技有限公司 Smelting method of high-quality metal chromium

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