CN116120987B - Refining method for controlling peculiar smell of sunflower seed oil and grease obtained by refining method - Google Patents
Refining method for controlling peculiar smell of sunflower seed oil and grease obtained by refining method Download PDFInfo
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 72
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 title abstract description 15
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000004332 deodorization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- JZQKTMZYLHNFPL-BLHCBFLLSA-N (2E,4E)-deca-2,4-dienal Chemical compound CCCCC\C=C\C=C\C=O JZQKTMZYLHNFPL-BLHCBFLLSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- JZQKTMZYLHNFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-trans-4-trans-decadienal Natural products CCCCCC=CC=CC=O JZQKTMZYLHNFPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
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- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 32
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- 230000001877 deodorizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 claims description 23
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- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
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- 229960000892 attapulgite Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000440 bentonite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N bentoquatam Chemical compound O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O SVPXDRXYRYOSEX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/001—Refining fats or fatty oils by a combination of two or more of the means hereafter
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/04—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/02—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction
- C11B3/06—Refining fats or fatty oils by chemical reaction with bases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/10—Refining fats or fatty oils by adsorption
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/74—Recovery of fats, fatty oils, fatty acids or other fatty substances, e.g. lanolin or waxes
Abstract
The invention relates to a refining method for controlling peculiar smell of sunflower seed oil and grease obtained by the refining method. According to the method, zero-reflection sunflower seed oil can be obtained by reducing the deodorization temperature in the deodorization process, meanwhile, the use level of deodorization steam is increased, and the hot steam is used for carrying peculiar smell substances to volatilize so as to increase the peculiar smell removal efficiency of the deodorization section, so that the removal of the zero-reflection sunflower seed oil peculiar smell substances can be realized, and the 2, 4-decadienal content is lower than 0.03mg/kg; meanwhile, the retention rate of nutrient VE of the grease can be improved by 5% -10%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of food processing, and discloses a refining method for controlling peculiar smell of sunflower seed oil and grease obtained by the refining method.
Background
The sunflower seed oil has the market share of top 5 at present and is widely accepted by consumers. Conventional fat refining processes result in the formation of trans fatty acids. In recent years, with the popularization of health concepts, the attention of consumers on "zero trans fatty acid" products is rising year by year, and trans fatty acid control technologies are gradually applied, mainly focusing on lowering the deodorization temperature of fats and oils. The sunflower oil in China mainly depends on imported crude oil of Uclea and Russia, and the crude oil undergoes long-term storage and transportation to generate odor degradation such as oxidation rancidity and the like, so that the quality is obviously deteriorated.
The peculiar smell substances in the crude oil mainly come from alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, esters, alkanes, alkenes, benzene ring compounds and the like generated in the production, processing and storage processes of the grease. The presence of these substances gives the crude oil a different smell and quality. In the conventional refining process of sunflower seed oil, most of peculiar smell substances can be removed by means of alkali neutralization, physical adsorption, high-temperature high-vacuum extraction and the like, and particularly, the refined grease is light and odorless due to the high-temperature high-vacuum treatment of a deodorization working section. However, when processing zero trans fatty acid sunflower oil, the low deodorization temperature is required to reduce the production of trans fatty acids, which results in the failure to remove a considerable amount of off-flavor substances from the crude oil. The zero trans fatty acid sunflower oil presents unpleasant smell, and affects product sales.
The prior art does not report on the odor analysis and odor removal of refined sunflower seed oil. Therefore, a processing method of sunflower seed oil is needed in the art, and the processing method can remove peculiar smell substances in the sunflower seed oil without trans-fatty acid, and can improve the retention rate of nutrient substances in the sunflower seed oil.
Disclosure of Invention
Technical problem
(1) The existing oil processing technology can remove most of natural pigments contained in sunflower seed oil, so that the oil is close to a transparent state, the consumer acceptance is poor, and zero return of the sunflower oil is difficult to realize;
(2) In order to compensate the problem in (1), the existing zero-return sunflower oil process controls the production of trans-fatty acid by reducing the deodorization temperature, but the deodorizing substances in the horseradish oil are difficult to remove thoroughly due to the reduction of the deodorization temperature, so that unpleasant smell appears in the final product, and the sales of the product are influenced.
Technical means
In order to solve the technical problems, the inventor finds that the key peculiar smell substance in the sunflower seed oil is 2, 4-decadienal through intensive research, and provides a refining method for controlling the peculiar smell of the sunflower seed oil and grease processed by the refining method. The method adopts specific deacidification, decoloration and deodorization processes and optional degumming and dewaxing processes in the sunflower seed oil processing process, specifically reduces the deodorization temperature in the deodorization process to realize zero reaction, and simultaneously improves the consumption of deodorization steam to volatilize peculiar smell substances carried by hot steam so as to increase the efficiency of deodorizing in the deodorizing section. The method can realize the removal of the zero-negative sunflower oil peculiar smell substances (the content of the 2, 4-decadienal is lower than 0.03 mg/kg); meanwhile, through process optimization, the retention rate of the nutrient VE of the grease can be improved by 5% -10%.
Specifically, the above object of the present invention is achieved by:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a processing method of sunflower seed oil, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) a neutralization section: adding phosphoric acid into the raw material oil and fat, reacting for 45-50 min at 65-80 ℃, adding liquid alkali, and reacting for 20-25 min at 70-80 ℃; after the oil is subjected to the acid-base reaction, heating to 85 ℃ and centrifuging, then sequentially adding water accounting for 4 weight percent plus or minus 2 weight percent of the oil processing amount and phosphoric acid/citric acid accounting for 0.2 weight percent plus or minus 0.1 weight percent of the oil processing amount for washing, centrifuging again, and carrying out vacuum dehydration on the secondarily centrifuged oil to obtain the neutralized oil;
(2) And (3) decoloring section: adding a decoloring agent into the grease to be decolored, wherein the adding amount of the decoloring agent is 0.3-0.5 wt% of the amount of the grease to be decolored, and the decoloring process is carried out for 30-60min under the pressure of less than 1bar and the temperature of 100-120 ℃;
(3) Deodorization section: introducing deodorizing steam accounting for 1-10wt% of the oil to be deodorized into the oil to be deodorized, and deodorizing for 30-90min at 170-220deg.C under 0-500 pa.
In a second aspect, the present invention provides sunflower seed oil processed by the method of the first aspect, said sunflower seed oil having a 2, 4-decadienal content of less than 0.03mg/kg.
Advantageous effects
The method of the invention starts from the demands of consumers, realizes zero reaction of sunflower seed oil and can remove peculiar smell substances by adopting a specific deacidification process, a decoloring process and a deodorizing process, prescribes the limit of key peculiar smell substances (the content of 2, 4-decadienal is lower than 0.03 mg/kg), and can also realize the improvement of the retention rate of nutrient substances of products.
Additional features and advantages of the invention will be set forth in the detailed description which follows.
Detailed Description
The endpoints and any values of the ranges disclosed herein are not limited to the precise range or value, and are understood to encompass values approaching those ranges or values. For numerical ranges, one or more new numerical ranges may be found between the endpoints of each range, between the endpoint of each range and the individual point value, and between the individual point value, in combination with each other, and are to be considered as specifically disclosed herein.
In the present invention, the terms "zero-reflection sunflower oil" and "zero-reflection sunflower oil" refer to oils having a trans-fatty acid content of 0.25wt% or less, for example, 0.24wt% or less, 0.12wt% or less, or 0.10wt% or less.
The peculiar smell substances in the crude oil mainly come from alcohols, aldehydes, acids, ketones, esters, alkanes, alkenes, benzene ring compounds and the like generated in the production, processing and storage processes of the grease. The presence of these substances gives the crude oil a different smell and quality. The existing zero-reflection sunflower oil technology controls the production of trans-fatty acid by reducing the deodorization temperature, but the odor substances in the raw sunflower oil are difficult to remove thoroughly due to the reduction of the deodorization temperature, so that unpleasant odor appears in the final product, and the sales of the product are influenced.
The inventor discovers that the deodorization section for refining the sunflower oil is a key step for removing the foreign substances in Mao Kui oil by utilizing high temperature, and when the sunflower oil product with zero trans-fatty acid is produced, the foreign substances in the sunflower oil are difficult to be removed completely due to the reduction of the deodorization temperature, so that the condition that the zero-reflection sunflower oil is easy to have peculiar smell and the sunflower oil without peculiar smell is difficult to be subjected to zero reflection is caused. Aiming at the phenomenon that zero trans-fatty acid sunflower oil is easy to generate peculiar smell, through carrying out intensive research on processes such as degumming, deacidification, dewaxing, decoloring, deodorization and the like in the processing process of sunflower seed oil, the inventor provides an peculiar smell control method aiming at the zero trans-fatty acid sunflower seed oil, and the zero trans-fatty acid sunflower seed oil processed by adopting the method has pure smell of normal sunflower oil, has no miscellaneous smell and improves the retention rate of nutrient VE by 5% -10%.
Specifically, the invention is realized by the following embodiments:
the refining process of sunflower seed oil generally comprises the processes of (degumming), deacidification, dewaxing, decoloring and deodorization, wherein the three processes of deacidification, decoloring and deodorization can influence the flavor of grease, and the inventor has conducted intensive researches on the three processes and the degumming and dewaxing processes, thereby completing the invention.
In the present invention, the deodorizing vapor is water vapor.
In some embodiments, the invention relates to a method of processing sunflower seed oil, wherein the method comprises the steps of:
(1) And (3) a neutralization section: adding phosphoric acid into the raw material oil and fat, reacting for 45-50 min at 65-80 ℃, adding liquid alkali, and reacting for 20-25 min at 70-80 ℃; after the oil is subjected to the acid-base reaction, heating to 85 ℃ and centrifuging, then sequentially adding water accounting for 4 weight percent plus or minus 2 weight percent of the oil processing amount and phosphoric acid/citric acid accounting for 0.2 weight percent plus or minus 0.1 weight percent of the oil processing amount for washing, centrifuging again, and carrying out vacuum dehydration on the secondarily centrifuged oil to obtain the neutralized oil;
(2) And (3) decoloring section: adding a decoloring agent into the grease to be decolored, wherein the adding amount of the decoloring agent is 0.3-0.5 wt% of the amount of the grease to be decolored, and the decoloring process is carried out for 30-60min under the pressure of less than 1bar and the temperature of 100-120 ℃;
(3) Deodorization section: introducing deodorizing steam accounting for 1-10wt% of the oil to be deodorized into the oil to be deodorized, and deodorizing for 30-90min at 170-220deg.C under 0-500 pa.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), phosphoric acid is added to the raw oil at 70 to 75 ℃ for 45 to 50 minutes, and then liquid alkali is added and reacted at 75 to 80 ℃ for 20 to 25 minutes.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the phosphoric acid is added in an amount of 0.2wt% ± 0.1wt% of the amount of the fat-processed oil.
In a preferred embodiment, in the step (1), the addition amount of the liquid alkali is calculated according to the formula a= 0.713 ×av×m/C, wherein a is the addition amount of the liquid alkali in kg/h, AV is the acid value after adding phosphoric acid to sunflower seed oil in mg/g, M is the processing amount of sunflower seed oil in t/h, and C is the liquid alkali concentration in wt%.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the vacuum dehydration comprises heating to 95℃in a vessel with a pressure of less than 200mbar, drying for 20min.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (1), the phosphoric acid is an aqueous 75wt% to 85wt% phosphoric acid solution; the liquid alkali is 8-12 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the decolorizing agent is selected from one or more of activated clay, activated carbon, attapulgite, and bentonite, preferably bentonite, attapulgite, or a combination thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the decolorizing agent is added in an amount of 0.4wt% to 0.5wt% of the amount of grease to be decolorized.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (2), the decolorization process is carried out at 105-115 ℃, preferably 110-115 ℃ for 30-60min.
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the deodorization process is performed at a pressure of 200-500pa, a temperature of 190-210 ℃ (e.g. 190-200 ℃) for 50-70min (e.g. 60-70 min).
In a preferred embodiment, in step (3), the deodorizing steam is used in an amount of 2.5% to 6% by weight (e.g. 3% to 6% by weight).
The inventor finds that the peculiar smell of the zero-reflection sunflower seed oil can be effectively controlled by reducing the deodorization temperature and increasing the steam consumption to maintain good vacuum degree.
In a further preferred embodiment, the processing method of sunflower seed oil of the present invention comprises the steps of:
(1) And (3) a neutralization section: the processing temperature of the oil is limited to be 65-80 ℃, preferably 70-75 ℃, and auxiliary materials such as phosphoric acid, liquid alkali and the like are added in the deacidification process, wherein the addition amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.2wt% +/-0.1 wt% of the processing amount of the oil, the addition amount of the liquid alkali is obtained by calculating acid according to a theoretical calculation formula according to the acid value of the sunflower seed crude oil after the phosphoric acid is added, the specific formula is A= 0.713 ×AV×M/C, wherein A is the addition amount of the liquid alkali, the unit is kg/h, AV is the acid value of the sunflower seed oil after the phosphoric acid is added, the unit is mg/g, M is the processing amount of the sunflower seed oil, the unit is t/h, and the unit is the concentration of sodium hydroxide liquid alkali and the unit is wt%; after the oil is subjected to acid-base reaction, heating to 85 ℃ and centrifuging, adding water accounting for 4%wt+/-2%wt of the oil processing amount and phosphoric acid/citric acid water accounting for 0.2%wt+/-0.1%wt of the oil processing amount respectively, washing, centrifuging again, and vacuum dehydrating the secondarily centrifuged oil, and then, feeding the secondarily centrifuged oil into a dewaxing or decoloring working section;
(2) And (3) decoloring section: the type and the addition amount of the decoloring agent are limited, wherein the decoloring agent can be activated clay, activated carbon, attapulgite and bentonite, the addition amount of the decoloring agent is 0.3-0.5% of the processing amount of grease, the decoloring process is carried out under the vacuum condition (namely the decoloring pressure is less than 1 bar), the temperature is 100-120 ℃, the preferable temperature is 105-115 ℃, and the time is 30-60min.
(3) Deodorization section: deodorizing the oil under vacuum condition at a vacuum degree of 0-500pa (0-5 mbar) for 30-90min, preferably 50-70min; the deodorization temperature is 170-220 ℃, preferably 190-220 ℃; the deodorizing steam is used in an amount of 1wt% to 10wt%, preferably more than 2wt% based on the weight of the oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a degumming section prior to the neutralization section in step (1). In the present invention, there is no mandatory limit to the presence of the degumming section. Raw materials of the degumming section can be crude oil/degummed oil refining.
In a preferred embodiment, the degumming section comprises adding water to the raw oil in an amount of 0.5wt% to 2wt%, preferably 0.5wt% to 1wt% of the oil processing amount, reacting at a temperature of 65-80 ℃, preferably 70-75 ℃ for 20-40min, centrifuging to obtain degummed oil.
In a preferred embodiment, the process further comprises a dewaxing stage after the step (1) neutralization stage or after the step (3) deodorization stage.
In a preferred embodiment, the dewaxing section comprises adding to the oil to be dewaxed 0.1wt% to 2wt%, preferably 0.1wt% to 0.5wt% of a crystallization promoter in the amount of the oil to be dewaxed, and cooling to 0-10 ℃, preferably 4-8 ℃ for dewaxing for 5-20 hours, preferably 15-20 hours, the crystallization promoter being diatomaceous earth and/or perlite.
In some embodiments, the present invention relates to sunflower seed oil processed by the above method, wherein the sunflower seed oil has a 2, 4-decadienal content of less than 0.03mg/kg, preferably less than 0.01mg/kg (e.g., a content of 0.0004 to 0.009 mg/kg).
The method can realize the removal of zero-negative-sunflower oil peculiar smell substances (the content of 2, 4-decadienal is lower than 0.03 mg/kg) by adjusting the processes of degumming, deacidification, dewaxing, decoloring and deodorizing working sections of the existing grease processing, and can also realize the increase of the retention rate of nutrient VE of the grease by 5-10% through process optimization.
Examples
The present invention will be described in further detail by way of examples. These examples are illustrative only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. All technical schemes and modifications thereof realized based on the above-mentioned contents of the present invention fall within the scope of the present invention. The experimental methods described in the examples, unless otherwise specified, are all conventional; the materials used in the examples, unless otherwise specified, are commercially available or may be synthesized using or according to methods known in the art, for example, sunflower seed oil may be prepared from sunflower seeds by conventional physical pressing or chemical leaching.
Research on key peculiar smell substances in grease
The light first-grade sunflower oil refined in the factory has no obvious smell, but the dark zero-reverse first-grade sunflower oil has an oxidized smell and a plastic smell. In order to remove the odor of the dark color zero-reflection first-grade sunflower oil, the flavor substance difference of the dark and light color first-grade sunflower oil is compared and analyzed. And carrying out flavor substance cluster analysis on the 9-section dark and light first-order sunflower oil, and finding that possible odor substances in the dark zero-reflection first-order sunflower oil are 2, 4-decadienal, paraxylene and kaurene in combination with odor description. In combination with the analysis of the contents of these three substances in the dark zero-reflection first-order sunflower oil, the 2, 4-decadienal which is the most likely odor substance is presumed.
The 2, 4-decadienal standard is purchased, and 2, 4-decadienal standard with different concentrations is added into tasteless light-colored first-grade sunflower oil, so that the smell of the compound sunflower oil is found to be close to that of zero-reflection first-grade sunflower oil, and the 2, 4-decadienal is determined to be a key mark substance which causes the zero-reflection first-grade sunflower oil to present oxidative smell and plastic smell.
Diluting zero-reflection first-grade sunflower oil samples with oxidized taste and plastic taste at different concentrations (the base oil is common light-color first-grade sunflower oil), and primarily screening out that the mixed sunflower oil has unobvious smell when the concentration is about 15%; when the concentration is higher than 20%, the smell of the mixed sunflower oil is obvious. Taking 15% as a midpoint, taking samples with different dilution concentrations, performing sensory acceptability test, and analyzing the content of 2, 4-decadienal in the samples. To eliminate the influence of oil seeds on the acceptability, common light-colored first-grade sunflower oil is selected as a blank control. The sample dilutions and test results are shown in table 1.
TABLE 1 acceptance analysis of odor samples at different concentrations
As is clear from Table 1, when the zero-reflection first-order sunflower oil content is less than 16%, i.e., the 2, 4-decadienal content is less than 0.030mg/kg, the mixed sunflower oil odor acceptance (47/60 to 55/60) is not significantly different from the odorless first-order sunflower oil (49/60), and when the zero-reflection first-order sunflower oil content exceeds 20%, i.e., the 2, 4-decadienal content exceeds 0.030mg/kg, the mixed sunflower oil odor acceptance is significantly reduced (46/60), and the acceptance level is lower than that of the odorless first-order sunflower oil (49/60). Therefore, the target of process optimization is that the 2, 4-decadienal content is less than 0.030mg/kg, and the small-scale and trial-produced zero-return sunflower oil is less than 0.030mg/kg while meeting the requirements of no obvious odor in the sense.
Example 1
Degumming: mao Kuihua seed oil 1000g, adding water accounting for 1% of the weight of the oil into the crude sunflower seed oil for hydration degumming, reacting for 30min at 75 ℃, and centrifuging to obtain degummed oil.
And (3) neutralization: adding phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%) with 0.2% of oil weight into the degummed oil, reacting for 45min at 75 ℃, adding a 1.2wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (liquid alkali concentration is 8 wt%) with the oil weight by theoretical calculation, reacting for 20min at 75 ℃, heating to 85 ℃, centrifuging, adding water with 4wt% + -2wt% of oil weight and 0.2wt% + -0.1 wt% phosphoric acid/citric acid water for washing, centrifuging again, heating the secondarily centrifuged oil to 95 ℃ in a container with pressure less than 200mbar, and drying for 20min to obtain the neutralized oil.
Dewaxing: adding 0.2% diatomite into the neutralized oil, slowly cooling to 4 ℃, stirring for 15 hours at low temperature, freezing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain dewaxed oil.
Decoloring: heating dewaxed oil to 110 ℃ under the environment of less than 200mbar, and adding 0.3wt% of bentonite to adsorb for 30min to obtain the dewaxed oil.
Deodorizing: vacuum-pumping the dehydrated oil under 500pa (5 mbar), introducing 3wt% water vapor during processing, and heating to 190 ℃ for deodorization 60min to obtain refined zero-reflection sunflower seed oil without peculiar smell.
Example 2
And (3) neutralization: adding phosphoric acid (75% by weight) with the weight of 0.1% of the oil into sunflower seed crude oil (500 g), reacting for 45min at 70 ℃, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (with the concentration of liquid alkali of 10.3% by weight) with the weight of 0.92% of the oil into the sunflower seed crude oil through theoretical calculation, reacting for 20min at 80 ℃, heating to 85 ℃, centrifuging, adding water with the weight of 4% plus or minus 2% of the oil and water with the weight of 0.2% plus or minus 0.1% of phosphoric acid/citric acid into the centrifuged oil, washing, centrifuging again, heating the centrifuged oil to 95 ℃ in a container with the pressure of less than 200mbar, and drying for 20min to obtain the neutralized oil.
Dewaxing: adding 0.5wt% perlite into the neutral oil, slowly cooling to 4 ℃, stirring for 20 hours at a low temperature, freezing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain dewaxed oil.
Decoloring: the dewaxed oil is heated to 120 ℃ under the environment of less than 200mbar, and 0.5wt% of compound soil (attapulgite: bentonite=2:1) is added for adsorption for 30min, so as to obtain the dewaxed oil.
Deodorizing: vacuum-pumping the dehydrated oil under 200pa (2 mbar), introducing 1wt% steam during processing, and heating to 200deg.C for deodorizing for 50min to obtain refined oleum Helianthi.
Example 3
And (3) neutralization: adding phosphoric acid (85% by weight) with the weight of 0.2% of the oil into sunflower seed crude oil (2000 g), reacting for 50min at 80 ℃, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (with the liquid alkali concentration of 10.3% by weight) with the weight of 0.9% of the oil by theoretical calculation, reacting for 20min at 70 ℃, heating to 85 ℃, centrifuging, adding water with the weight of 4% plus or minus 2% of the oil and water with the weight of 0.2% plus or minus 0.1% of phosphoric acid/citric acid into the centrifuged oil, washing, centrifuging again, heating the centrifuged oil to 95 ℃ in a container with the pressure of less than 200mbar, and drying for 20min to obtain the neutralized oil.
Dewaxing: adding 0.5wt% diatomite into the neutralized oil, slowly cooling to 5 ℃, stirring for 20 hours at a low temperature, freezing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain dewaxed oil.
Decoloring: the dewaxed oil is heated to 100 ℃ under the environment of less than 200mbar, and 0.4 weight percent of attapulgite is added for adsorption for 30min, so as to obtain the dewaxed oil.
Deodorizing: vacuum-pumping the dehydrated oil under 500pa (5 mbar), introducing 6wt% steam during processing, and heating to 210 deg.C for deodorizing for 70min to obtain refined oleum Helianthi.
Comparative example 1
And (3) neutralization: adding phosphoric acid (mass fraction 85%) with oil weight of 0.2% into sunflower seed crude oil (1000 g), reacting at 80deg.C for 40min, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (liquid alkali concentration is 10.3%) with oil weight of 0.92% by theoretical calculation, reacting at 85deg.C for 20min, centrifuging, adding water with oil weight of 4wt% + -2wt% and phosphoric acid/citric acid water washing, centrifuging again, heating the secondarily centrifuged oil to 95deg.C in a container with pressure of less than 200mbar, and drying for 20min to obtain the neutralized oil. Dewaxing: adding 0.3wt% diatomite into the neutralized oil, slowly cooling to 4 ℃, stirring for 20 hours at a low temperature, freezing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain dewaxed oil.
Decoloring: heating dewaxed oil to 120 ℃ under the environment of less than 200mbar, and adding 0.4wt% active clay to adsorb for 30min to obtain the dewaxed oil.
Deodorizing: vacuum-pumping the dehydrated oil under 300pa (3 mbar), introducing 0.5wt% steam during processing, and heating to 240 deg.C for deodorizing for 90min to obtain refined oleum Helianthi.
Comparative example 2
And (3) neutralization: adding phosphoric acid (85% by weight) with the weight of 0.2% of the oil into sunflower seed crude oil (1000 g), reacting for 40min at 85 ℃, adding sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (10.3% by weight of liquid alkali) with the weight of 0.92% of the oil by theoretical calculation, reacting for 20min at 85 ℃, centrifuging, adding water with the weight of 4% plus or minus 2% of the oil and water with the weight of 0.2% plus or minus 0.1% of phosphoric acid/citric acid into the centrifuged oil, washing, centrifuging again, heating the secondarily centrifuged oil to 95 ℃ in a container with the pressure of less than 200mbar, and drying for 20min to obtain the neutralized oil.
Dewaxing: adding 0.3wt% diatomite into the neutralized oil, slowly cooling to 4 ℃, stirring for 20 hours at a low temperature, freezing, centrifuging and filtering to obtain dewaxed oil.
Decoloring: heating dewaxed oil to 110 ℃ under the environment of less than 200mbar, and adding 0.3wt% of activated clay to adsorb for 30min to obtain the dewaxed oil.
Deodorizing: vacuum-pumping the dehydrated oil under 300pa (3 mbar), introducing 0.5wt% steam during processing, and heating to 200deg.C for deodorizing for 60min to obtain refined oleum Helianthi.
Table 2 quality evaluation of examples and comparative examples
Remarks: comparative example 1 is a normal non-zero anti-sunflower oil (no off-flavor cannot be zero-anti-zero); comparative example 2 is zero-return sunflower oil (zero return but off-flavor) with direct temperature reduction without steam adjustment.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Within the scope of the technical idea of the invention, a number of simple variants of the technical solution of the invention are possible, including combinations of the individual technical features in any other suitable way, which simple variants and combinations should likewise be regarded as being disclosed by the invention, all falling within the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (15)
1. A processing method of sunflower seed oil, wherein the method comprises the following steps:
(1) And (3) a neutralization section: adding phosphoric acid into the raw material oil and fat, reacting for 45-50 min at 65-80 ℃, adding liquid alkali, and reacting for 20-25 min at 70-80 ℃; after the oil is subjected to the acid-base reaction, the temperature is raised to 85-95 ℃ for centrifugation, then water accounting for 4 weight percent plus or minus 2 weight percent of the oil processing amount and phosphoric acid/citric acid accounting for 0.2 weight percent plus or minus 0.1 weight percent of the oil processing amount are sequentially added for water washing, the centrifugation is carried out again, and the secondary centrifuged oil is subjected to vacuum dehydration to obtain the neutralization oil; the liquid alkali is 8-12 wt% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, and the addition amount of the liquid alkali is calculated according to the formula of A= 0.713 ×AV×M/C, wherein A is the addition amount of the liquid alkali, and the unit is kg/h; AV is the acid value of sunflower seed oil added with phosphoric acid, and the unit is mg/g; m is the processing amount of sunflower seed oil, and the unit is t/h; c is the concentration of liquid alkali, and the unit is weight percent;
(2) And (3) decoloring section: adding a decoloring agent into the grease to be decolored, wherein the adding amount of the decoloring agent is 0.3-0.5 wt% of the amount of the grease to be decolored, and the decoloring process is carried out for 30-60min under the pressure of less than 1bar and the temperature of 100-120 ℃;
(3) Deodorization section: introducing deodorizing steam accounting for 2.5-10wt% of the oil to be deodorized into the oil to be deodorized, and deodorizing for 30-90min at the temperature of 170-210 ℃ under the pressure of 0-500 pa;
in step (1), the phosphoric acid is a 75wt% to 85wt% phosphoric acid aqueous solution;
in the step (1), the addition amount of the phosphoric acid is 0.2wt% +/-0.1 wt% of the oil processing amount;
the 2, 4-decadienal content of the sunflower seed oil obtained by the processing method is lower than 0.03mg/kg.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (1), after phosphoric acid is added to the raw oil at 70 to 75 ℃ for 45 to 50 minutes, liquid alkali is added and reacted at 75 to 80 ℃ for 20 to 25 minutes.
3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (1) the vacuum dehydration comprises heating to 95 ℃ in a vessel at a pressure of less than 200mbar, drying for 20min.
4. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the decolorizing agent is selected from one or more of activated clay, activated carbon, attapulgite, and bentonite.
5. The method of claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the decolorizing agent is bentonite, attapulgite, or a combination thereof.
6. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the decoloring agent is added in an amount of 0.4wt% to 0.5wt% of the amount of the grease to be decolored.
7. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the decoloring is performed at 105-115 ℃ for 30-60min.
8. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (2), the decoloring is performed at 110 to 115 ℃ for 30 to 60 minutes.
9. The method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein in step (3), the deodorization process is performed at a pressure of 200-500pa and a temperature of 190-210 ℃ for 50-70min.
10. A process according to claim 1 or 2, wherein prior to the step (1) neutralization section, the process further comprises a degumming section.
11. The method of claim 10, wherein the degumming process comprises adding water to the raw oil in an amount of 0.5-2 wt% of the oil processing amount, reacting at a temperature of 65-80 ℃ for 20-40min, and centrifuging to obtain the degummed oil.
12. The method of claim 11, wherein the degumming process comprises adding water to the raw oil in an amount of 0.5-1 wt% of the oil processing amount, reacting at a temperature of 70-75 ℃ for 20-40min, and centrifuging to obtain the degummed oil.
13. The process of claim 1 or 2, wherein the process further comprises a dewaxing section after the step (1) neutralization section or after the step (3) deodorization section.
14. The method of claim 13, wherein the dewaxing section comprises adding a crystallization promoter to the oil to be dewaxed in an amount of 0.1wt% to 2wt% of the oil to be dewaxed, and cooling to 0-10 ℃ for dewaxing for 5-20 hours, wherein the crystallization promoter is diatomite and/or perlite.
15. The method of claim 14, wherein the dewaxing section comprises adding a crystallization promoter to the oil to be dewaxed in an amount of 0.1wt% to 0.5wt% of the oil to be dewaxed, cooling to 4-8 ℃ for dewaxing for 15-20 hours, wherein the crystallization promoter is diatomite and/or perlite.
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