CN1161113A - Light weight genset - Google Patents
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- CN1161113A CN1161113A CN 95195096 CN95195096A CN1161113A CN 1161113 A CN1161113 A CN 1161113A CN 95195096 CN95195096 CN 95195096 CN 95195096 A CN95195096 A CN 95195096A CN 1161113 A CN1161113 A CN 1161113A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a machine, which comprises a stator and a rotor, the stator comprises at least a winding, the rotor comprises a soft magnetic material body, a plurality of permanent magnets are arranged on the surface of the soft magnetic material body close to the stator, and also provided with intervened middle pole, the surface area of magnet is larger than that of the middle pole. The stator comprises a soft magnet core, the soft magnet core comprises three-phase star-shaped windings corresponding to different preset voltage outputs, the corresponding phases of all three-phase winding are combined together as a unit and wound on the iron core, so that the corresponding mutual phases of each three-phase winding thermally contact each other. The invention also discloses a purpose of variable-frequency inverter, the variable-frequency inverter responses to DC signal generated in the winding of stator and indicates the current control signal obtained by load, so as to generate AC signal, wherein the frequency of AC signal selectively changes according to the current obtained by load, in another example, the rotor comprises a hollow cylinder, the magnet is arranged on inner surface of the cylinder, the stator and the cylinder are co-axial. The invention also discloses a controller which controls the controller of engine throttle selectively according to the output signal of generator.
Description
Background of invention
The present invention relates to light-duty portable electric generator.
In general, people have known the Portable DC generator.Portable electric generator generally comprises a common engine that is used as power with diesel oil or gasoline, and the rotating shaft of engine links to each other with generator.Generator comprises a stator and is used for engine rotating shaft rotor rotated.Rotor produces magnetic field.When the winding on magnetic field and the stator intersects, just induce electric current.Usually induced current is added on bridge rectifier,, and provides as output sometimes through voltage stabilizing.The generator example of prior art comprises Generac G1000 (950 watts, 49 pounds), HondaEX1000 (1000 watts, 57 pounds) and Yamaha EF1000 (1000 watts, 55 pounds).Though mancarried device exchanges output usually, can provide interchange output by apply direct current signal to inverter.
Speak of portable, the rotor machine of prior art or not only heavily but also stupid; The continuous power that enough is used for general applications can not be provided.In addition, one type of prior art syringe usually or the output of less electric current and high voltage (for example 115 volts) is provided or provides low voltage, the output (being 12 or 24 volts for example) of electric current greatly under 25 to 200 amperes, weight is approximately 40 to 65 pounds, dry weight.But, in many cases, require both to have had the little electric current output of high voltage (for example application scenario of light or electric tool), have low-voltage and high-current output (for example the device that carries easily by certain human braces to battery charge or start the application scenario of vehicle suddenly) again.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides a kind of real lightweight generator, this generator can provide the continuous power that enough is used for general applications.According to one aspect of the present invention, adopt rotor to realize lightweight generator, rotor uses high energy product (energy product) permanent magnet.
According to another aspect of the present invention, rotor is directly installed in the engine rotating shaft.Rotor and engine coupling are enough tight, thereby can keep the air-gap between stator and the rotor, those that adopt usually in engine, without bearing.
According to another aspect of the present invention, rotor is a kind of multipole design, and wherein, the utmost point of half is made up of high-density magnet, and another half-shadow is made up of interpole (consequence pole), thereby makes high-density magnet obtain maximum the use.
According to another aspect of the present invention, adopt many windings stator, so that low-voltage, big electric current output (for example being used for battery charge) and the little electric current of high voltage, output (for example being used for light and electric tool) to be provided.
According to another aspect of the present invention, can provide two kinds of optional voltages, big electric current output (for example 12 volts and 24 volts).
According to another aspect of the present invention, generator power output surpasses 150 or 200 watts/pound every pound to the ratio of rotor weight, is more preferably 500 watts/pound, and good again is 700 watts/pound, and best is 800 watts/pound.
The accompanying drawing summary
Describe the present invention referring to accompanying drawing, among the figure, identical label is represented components identical.
Fig. 1 is the figure according to lightweight generator group of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the side partial sectional view of generating set shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 3 is the parts decomposition view of generator shown in Figure 1, support and mounting panel;
Fig. 4 is the parts decomposition view of the Blast Furnace Top Gas Recovery Turbine Unit (TRT) of generating set shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 5 is the figure of partial cut rotor machine casing and control circuit board;
Shown in Fig. 5 A is the inside of the rotor machine casing of another kind of form;
Fig. 6 is the schematic diagram of stator winding;
Fig. 7 A is the schematic block diagram of stator winding and control circuit;
Fig. 7 B is the control circuit schematic block diagram of generating set shown in Figure 1;
Fig. 7 C is the schematic diagram of control circuit;
Fig. 8 A, 8B, 8C and 8D are according to the front view of the rotor of one aspect of the invention, side sectional view and parts decomposition elevation;
Fig. 9 is the control circuit block diagram that comprises an inverter;
What Fig. 9 A disclosed is the suitable flow straightener of electric current among Fig. 9;
Figure 10 is three-phase pressurizer, the single-phase bridge that the signal of circuit shown in Figure 9 provides the place;
Figure 11 is the schematic diagram of suitable inverter control section;
Figure 11 A-11F is the memory mapped (memory map) and the flow chart of the signal of invertor operation;
Figure 12 is the schematic diagram of firm power converter;
Figure 13 is the output waveform figure of the inverter of Fig. 9 of employing firm power converter shown in Figure 12 among Fig. 9;
Figure 14 is the output waveform figure of tight analog sine waveforms;
Figure 15 and 15A are the schematic diagrames of the auxiliary winding circuit of another kind that adopts when producing waveform shown in Figure 14;
Figure 16 is the schematic diagram that is suitable for being used for producing the power transformation circuit of waveform shown in Figure 14;
Figure 17 is the schematic diagram that is used for producing the another kind of power transformation circuit of waveform shown in Figure 14;
Figure 18 A and 18B are the signal description figure of chokes control under the various states;
Figure 19 A and 19B adopt the parts exploded side sectional view of another kind of generator of external rotor and the vertical view of external rotor.
Preferable DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY
Referring to Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, comprise engine 12, high output small power generation machine 14 and mounting bracket 16 according to light-duty portable electric generator of the present invention.
Can see that from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 engine 12 comprises from convex shoulder 42 outward extending rotating shafts 200.Engine 12 can be the engine of the small-sized high RPM (revolutions per minute) of any high pass filter weight ratio that can make rotating shaft rotation.In this preferred embodiment, engine 12 is one 2.0 horsepowers, two-stroke internal combustion engine, has 3 cubic inches air displacement, weighs 71/2 pound, as Tecumseh TC300.
Referring now to Fig. 1,2 and 3,, support 16 is provided for the light-duty public fixture of engine 12 and rotor machine 14.Support 16 is with light and hard conduction, the appropriate formation of Heat Conduction Material (as aluminium).In this preferred embodiment, with the aluminium sheet bending, with base portion 162, vertical component 164 and the handle portion 166 that provides support 16.From a certain end preset distance place with the aluminium sheet bending, form base 162 and part vertically upward 164.Handle 166 comprises from vertical component 164 bendings and the first 167 of covering base 162; Vertical component 168; And best angled flange forward 169; Form one by these parts and be convenient to the groove 170 that finger that the operator carries can stretch into.
If desired, can dispose a strap or a lamp on the handle 166.For example, on the either side of the flange of handle 166, form each aperture 172 of the clamp of holding belt 18.Become to install each aperture 172A of searchlight by the flange-shape of handle 166.
As hereinafter will as described in, engine 12 and rotor machine 14 are installed on the opposite side of support vertical component 164.Can see that from Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 engine 12 is installed on the vertical component 164, covering base 162.
Referring now to Fig. 2,3 and 4,, rotor machine 14 preferably comprises a stator 210, rotor 220, fan shaft and prolongs ta part 230, fan 240 and electronic control circuit 250, and all these parts all are positioned at casing 260 and top board 282.
Stator 210 is concentric with engine rotating shaft 200, with the certain distance of support vertical component 164 skews.More particularly, therefore stator 210 is fixedly mounted on the support vertical component 164 (just engine 12), and concentric with bolt 212 and engine rotating shaft 200 maintenances.With the skew of each packing ring 214 maintenance with vertical component 164.Bolt 212 extends by the aperture in stator 210, packing ring 214 and the support 164, and in the hole in the screw-in plate 204.Pointing out in preamble, plate 204 provides the structural intergrity that stator 210 is installed.
As hereinafter will in conjunction with Fig. 6 and 7A do to discuss more comprehensively, stator 210 preferably includes the polarity of one or three phase windings, to produce the output of first and second low-voltage and high-currents, for example, the little electric current output of high voltage is during coiling, preferably each winding of every phase is returned together, and simultaneously around stratiform coiling unshakable in one's determination, as a unit, so that superior especially heat dissipation characteristics to be provided.
Simply referring to Fig. 6, stator 210 comprises two three phase windings, with one with each three phase winding in the first single-phase control winding that is wound on mutually together.Or rather, stator 210 comprises the first and second three- phase star windings 602 and 604 and single-phase center winding 605 (being wound on first phase winding).First winding 602 provides high voltage little electric current output rightly, and is to be formed by quite little diameter, for example No. 24 lines.Winding 604 provides each low-voltage (for example 12 and 24 volts), big electric current output rightly.Each of winding 604 comprise rightly mutually by tap determine with first 606 that the big electric current output of first low-voltage (for example 12 volts) is provided and therefrom obtain second low-voltage (for example 24 volts) second portion 608 exported of electric current greatly. Winding 606 and 608 is preferably used many No. 24 lines, in parallel formation in public insulating case.The active line of winding 606 directly is approximately the twice (for example being respectively line 15 and No. 18) in the active line footpath of winding 608. Winding 602 and 604 each each winding mutually comprise corresponding to the pre-fixing turn of specific winding correspondent voltage output.The winding 606 and 608 the accumulation number of turns provide the output of second low-voltage and high-current, for example 24 volts.For example, in this preferred embodiment, 12 volts of windings 606 comprise 5 circles, and 24 volts windings 608 comprise 4 circles (total number of active coils is 9 circles) again, and high voltage (for example 115 watts) winding 602 comprises that number of total coils 29 encloses at each in mutually.
In the practical set, corresponding to high-tension each winding, and first and second low-voltages of each phase (and first in mutually control winding) return into one group, as a unit, and are wound on together on the stratiform iron core, as a unit.By this way each winding closely is wound on together, the thermo-contact of remaining valid, and have identical space.This structure has the advantage of several aspects especially: single stator produces a plurality of voltages; Can obtain maximum wattage output from arbitrary winding; And no winding is heat sink as the winding of working.The closely close of each winding makes whole casing distribute the heat that winding produced of working effectively.
The fan prolongation of axially aligning with rotating shaft 200 230 is used for making fan 240 and rotating shaft 200 to be coupled.Prolongation 230 appropriately comprises one and is generally cylindrical 231, and the two ends 232 of cylinder and 234 diameter reduce (see figure 2), and the centre has a hole vertically.Reducing in the mesopore that diameter end 232 is contained in rotor 220, the step that cylinder 231 forms abuts against on the front end face of rotor 220.Fan 240 is installed is made it with rotating shaft 200 rotations, each element that makes rotor machine with generation is stator 210 and electronic control circuit 250 cooled gas flow particularly.Fan 240 comprises a plurality of (for example 5) blade that is installed on the wheel hub 408 rightly.Wheel hub 408 comprises a mesopore 410 rightly, and this cross section, hole is consistent with an end 236 of prolongation 230 usually, and for example, wheel hub 408 comprises corresponding with flat 406 flat 412.Fan 240 is installed on the prolongation 230, with rotating shaft 200 rotations; Fan 240 is appropriately to be formed by the quite light plastics of weight (for example Celcon).One end 234 of prolongation 230 is contained in the mesopore 410 of fan 240.Prolong and to hold 406 level with both hands and cooperate, guarantee the correct rotation of fan 240 and rotating shaft 230 with flat 412 in the mesopore 410.
Referring now to Fig. 3,4 and 5,, casing 260, top board 282 and support vertical component 164 constitute an enclosed construction together, some predetermined holes (for example grid) are arranged in the pre-position of this enclosed construction, constitute gas channel, to help the cooling of generator 14 elements.Particularly, grid 320 (seeing the most clearly in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4) is formed on the vertical component of support 164.Casing 260 comprises front 422 and each side 424 and 426 (seeing the most clearly from Fig. 4 and Fig. 5) and bottom surface 428.The small-porosity series 432 of first kind of grid 430 and second kind littler is formed on the pre-position of front 422.By side 424 appropriate formation other two groups of apertures 434 and 436, and if desired, form one group of aperture 436 by side 426.Grid 430 generally aligns with fan 240.During work, fan 240 sucks air in the casing by grid 430, forms malleation in that casing is inner, and forces air to pass through grid 320 on the vertical component 164 and aperture 432,434,436 and 436A to flow out grid 320.Aperture 432,434 and 436 setting are crucial, with so that the specific excessively temperature-sensitive element of air flow stream.In addition, the action of fan 240 self produces along the radial air flow that leaves fan 240 wingtips.Specific temperature-sensitive element preferably is placed in the radial air flow of fan 240 generations, for example, is used for heat sink 500 of heat-sensitive electronic component and places the position of radially departing from but axially aligning.Heat sink 500 can make different shape and arrangement (seeing Fig. 5 A).Because air-flow is difference with needed difference, adopt that fan and engine shaft 200 directly are coupled the rpm of advantageous particularly engine is high more, the power of generation is big more, and the while, and the heat of element generation is also big more.But when the rpm of engine increased, the air-flow that fan 240 produces also increased, to adapt to the additional heat of generation.
250 pairs of signals from stator winding of control circuit carry out rectification.Control circuit 250 can comprise suitable arbitrarily rectification circuit, will become suitable direct current signal from the conversion of signals of stator 210.Referring to Fig. 5 and Fig. 5 A, control circuit 250 comprises first full wave bridge rectifier 706 (the little electric current of high voltage) of working with heat sink 500 (being 500A among Fig. 5 A) rightly; Fusible link 501; The suitable switch 704 and second rectifier 700 (the little electric current of high voltage).Control circuit 250 and suitable common Duplex socket 702; Triac device 704 and positive and negative binding post 703 and 705 are appropriately worked together.The element of control circuit 250 and the element of cooperating can be arranged in the casing 250 in every way.Fig. 5 and Fig. 5 A illustrate wherein two kinds of arrangement modes.
Referring to Fig. 5 A, rectifier 706 and fusible link 501 can be arranged on the face 422 rightly.Rectifier 706 comprises a diode bridge rightly, and its specification can be born the bigger short circuit output of output that can produce in the power limit scope than engine 12.Fusible link 501 for example avoids the diode of rectifier 706 to be connected in the reversed polarity of binding post 703 with 705 places during battery charging operation.
Rectifier 700 can be installed on the sidewall 424, perhaps forms an independent assembly as required and is installed on the back of socket 702.
As hereinafter will discussing, plus end 703 is by suitable insulation packing ring 504 and sidewall 424 electric insulations.Negative terminal 705 links together with sidewall 424 electricity (and machinery).Just as will be discussed, casing 260 simultaneously as circuit 250 each element electrical ground with heat sink.
7A with the aid of pictures more now, the little electric current winding 602 of high voltage appropriately links together with three-phase bridge 700.The output of rectifier 700 and Duplex socket 702 link together.Each low-voltage and high-current output of winding 604 (promptly from winding 606 and 608) be applied to triac device 704 each throw on the end.Each cutter of switch 614 and control circuit 250 (rectifier 706; Fig. 5 A) links to each other, provide low-voltage and high-current output at terminal 703 and 705 places.
During work, engine 12 makes rotating shaft 200 rotation, and rotor 220 and fan 240 rotate simultaneously.Produce induced current in the winding that is rotated in stator 210 of rotor 220.
Each output of stator 210 is applied on the control circuit 250 selectively, 250 pairs of signals of control circuit carry out rectification rightly, be used for providing desired low-voltage and high-current output signal, and be used for the little electric current Duplex socket 702 of high voltage to power supplies such as common electric instrument, illuminating lamps such as the positive-negative output end of battery charge 703 and 705 places.
Among Fig. 7 A and the 7B, control circuit 250 can comprise various circuit as required, so that some defencive function except that fusible link 501 to be provided, or is used for replacing fusible link 501.Protective circuit advantageously is placed on printed circuit board (PCB) 250A and goes up (Fig. 5).Especially with reference to Fig. 7 B and 7C, in such control circuit, preferably controllable silicon (SCR) control of rectifier 706, promptly positive diode piece 708 and the negative diode piece 710 of working with suitable control circuit 712 that comprises that SCR forms.Then, (for example reversed polarity transducer, and start sensor 716 and transducer out of service 718 are worked together with each sensing circuit for control circuit 712.
Surpass a predetermined level when reversed polarity transducer 714 detects bucking voltage, promptly when lead-out terminal 703 and 705 two ends surpass negative 0.6 volt, it will make control circuit 712 out of service.So during charging operations, if when the lead-in wire of terminal 703 and 705 is connected to the polar end of battery mistake, device is with out of service.
If desired, can provide instant shut-in S1, cancel protective value,, perhaps electric power be offered the load that does not have battery so that electric power is offered the battery that does not have charging fully.
Referring now to Fig. 7 C,, the negative piece of rectifier 706 comprises 3 SCR that receive control signal from control circuit 712 rightly.Control circuit 712 starts SCR 704 selectively, makes electric current can flow through the negative pole of circuit.Control circuit 712 comprises transistor Q1 and Q4, resistor R 2 and R3 rightly, and snap switch S 1.Transistor Q4 is by testing circuit forward bias selectively.Under the situation that does not detect reversed polarity, when transistor Q4 was made forward bias, Q1 connected by voltage divider chain connection resistor R 2 and R3, and starts SCR704.
When reversed polarity transducer 714 detects reversed polarity at lead-out terminal 703 and 705 places and is connected, make control circuit 712 out of service.In preferred embodiment, reversed polarity transducer 714 comprises resistor R 4, R5, R6 and R11, diode CR7 and transistor Q2 and Q3.For example, be connected by the reversed polarity with the battery that will be recharged, the quite little bucking voltage of terminal 703 and 706 two ends makes diode CR7 forward bias.When the forward bias of diode CR7 surpasses certain level (for example 600 millivolts), provide a base drive at voltage divider chain R5 and R6 two ends, transistor Q3 is connected.The base stage of the collector electrode of transistor Q3 and transistor Q2 is coupled.When transistor Q3 connected, transistor Q2 stopped, and simultaneously, the transistor Q1 in the control circuit 712 quits work rectifier 706.
When electric current descended, stop sensor (hypersensor) 718 detected the rising of voltage, and therefore rectifier 706 was stopped.Like this, when open terminal 703 and 705, disconnect big electric current output effectively.Transducer 718 out of service comprises Zener diode Z1 and Z2, capacitor C1, resistor R 7 and R12 and transistor Q5.Depend on and select which low-voltage and high-current winding (for example 12 volts or 24 volts), selectively Zener diode Z2 is switched into and switches and circuit.When voltage strides across diode CR5 and is applied to the negative electrode of Zener diode Z1 or Z2, Zener voltage (for example, for Zener diode Z2,22 volts to being used for Zener diode Z118 volt) just be applied to the voltage divider two ends that comprise resistor R 7 and R12, connect transistor Q5.And transistor Q4 and control circuit 712 are quit work, and make SCR piece 710.
According to another aspect of the present invention, in order to make the in light weight of device, casing 280 is used as the heat sink of each circuit element again simultaneously both as electrical ground.Referring now to Fig. 7 B, 7C and Fig. 4 and Fig. 5,, the positive pole of the SCR704 of piece 710 directly links to each other with casing 260.Particularly, the positive electrical of SCR704, be thermally connected to casing 260 (for example wall 422).Negative terminal 705 electricity, machine are connected to casing 260 (being the sidewall 424 of casing 260), thereby also are electrically connected to the positive pole of SCR704 by casing.Terminal 705 comprises that is rightly passed the binding post (Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) that sidewall 424 extends.Therefore, casing 260 is both as electrical ground, again as heat sink.The negative electricity of positive diode in the piece 708, be thermally connected to heat sink 500 (500A among Fig. 5 A), and be connected to terminal 703 from this.The binding post of terminal 703 extends through the aperture 502 in the sidewall 424 of casing 260, and with insulating washer 504 and casing electric insulation.Simultaneously casing 260 is used as electrical ground with heat sink, has avoided each group diode to use heat sink necessity separately.
As in preamble, pointing out, rotor 220 is the enough light permanent magnet rotor of weight preferably, and this rotor can keep axially aligning with stator 210 and rotating with respect to stator 210, and needn't comprise any bearing again the bearing that generally includes in engine 12.In this preferred embodiment, this realizes by adopting high energy product magnet and interpole.Referring to Fig. 8,8A, 8B and 8C, rotor 220 preferably comprises one and generally is discoidal unshakable in one's determination 800, and 800 utmost points with high energy product magnet 802 unshakable in one's determination are bearing on its circular surface.Magnet 802 preferably is arranged in 803 of circular surface, and unshakable in one's determination 800 alternating share (intervening) comprises interpole 802.
According to one aspect of the present invention,, make the whole size of device and the amount of used high energy product magnetic material be minimum for given total magnet.Particularly, the area of magnet surface 808 is approximately the magnetic flux density of permanent magnet generation and the ratio that interpole allows magnetic flux density greater than one of the area on interpole surface 806.So, be maximum by making permanent magnet with respect to the area of interpole, for given total magnetic flux, require the littler iron core of diameter.For given total magnetic flux, the iron core that diameter is littler causes lighter, the required ferromagnetic material of weight still less.
Corresponding embedding eight surfaces 805 of inner surface 810 (Fig. 8 C) and embedded part 803 are edge and magnet outer surface 808 and the concentric radius bend of interpole 806 outer surfaces preferably.Leave gap 812 between each magnet 802 and the adjacent interpole 806.The air-gap 242 (Fig. 2) that gap 812 cans be compared between rotor and the stator most is enough big, for example big 5 to 6 times, thereby guarantees in most of magnetic energy introducing stators, rather than passes gap 812.
With binding agent magnet 802 is fixed on unshakable in one's determination 800 rightly.If desired, can twine rotor 220, can overcome the influence of the centrifugal force that produces because of rotation to guarantee magnet 802 with a kind of nonmetallic materials (for example glass fiber tape).
Magnet inner surface 810,810A and corresponding fringing inner surface 805 and 805A can get any structure, as long as they are consistent with each other.For example referring to Fig. 8 D, the mating surface 805A on the inner surface 810A of magnet 802 and unshakable in one's determination 800 can get planar shaped.Like this, determined to require to comprise recess 814, this recess radially extends under near the surface 805 (a) the magnet interpole air-gap 812.Have been found that recess 814 makes the magnetic flux that causes in the stator from rotor 220 increase.
If desired, rotor machine 14 can be produced AC signal instead.Referring to Fig. 9,115 volts of AC signal can provide by following manner: replace the little electric current winding 602 of high voltage with more high-tension winding (for example 150 volts of windings); With rated voltage is that higher analog circuit 904 is replaced three-phase bridge 700; And direct current signal is applied on the suitable inverter 906.
Three-phase pressurizer 904 is at the last output voltage that produces a certain level (as 150 volts of direct currents) that is enough to produce desired alternating voltage of direct current track (rail) 905A, 905B.Direct current track 905A, 905B float with respect to system earth (for example casing 260) is appropriate, so that make inverter 906 ground connection according to the UL standard.
Use variable frequency inverter advantageous particularly in many aspects.Because AC signal is by inverter 906 comprehensive generations, so AC signal is not subjected to the influence of the rpm of engine 12.Therefore, can regulate inverter 906, (in the U.S. is 60Hz, is 50Hz in most of European countries) provides total power under various predetermined frequencies.
In addition, by changing output frequency as the function of load current to adapt to special interim requirement to load, can make device 10 can with the device coupling more much bigger than the device of common coupling.Particularly, determined, starts big motor (such as, the refrigerant compressor on the air conditioner) required current ratio in case keep the required electric current of motor operation to pacify much bigger after starting.When the big electric current of specified output than system was introduced in load (for example motor), the direct current railway voltage that is applied on the inverter 906 was tending towards descending.Determined, by reduce as for example with the frequency of the alternating current output signal that is declined to become direct ratio of voltage, device 10 can be used for starting the motor that the much bigger generator of common needs starts, and makes it to keep operation.The frequency that applies signal in reduction will reduce the work RPM of the motor (for example compressor) that will start effectively.This has just reduced the load on the motor, and has reduced the required electric current of actuating motor.For example, when voltage drops to predetermined level (for example about 110 volts) when following, frequency descends, and best linear floating voltage drops to about 30Hz and 50 volts.In case motor has moved, the electric current that motor flows into reduces, and the direct current railway voltage raises, and returns to normal running frequency.For example, can start and keep 13 according to 2 KW generator of the present invention, (British Thermal unit) air conditioner of 000btu, and this is former in order to adapt to starting load, but needs the generator of 4 kilowatts or 5 kilowatts.
On the contrary, because can under the situation that does not reduce frequency, reduce the speed of engine 12, so the speed of engine 12 can change according to the output that obtains.Therefore, if only some power system capacity is utilized, can makes engine deceleration or do not work.More particularly, can adopt Voltage Feedback control, come the speed of Control Engine.So the speed of engine becomes with load, noise is descended, and improved the economic benefit of fuel.
Pointing out in preamble, pressurizer 904 produces the direct current track signal, offers inverter 906.Referring to Figure 10, suitable pressurizer 904 comprises: rectifier bridge 1002; Adjust capacitor (levellingcapacitor) C21; Comparator 1004 and optical isolator 1006.Rectifier bridge 1002 is appropriately formed by diode D28, D29 and D30 and SCRTH1, TH2 and TH3.The voltage divider that comparator 1004 comprises transistor Q13 and Q15 rightly and formed by resistor R 21 and R23.
Output lead (J6, J7 and J8) from threephase alternator winding 902 offers bridge 1002 with three phase input signals.These alternating current generator output signals are voltage and changeable frequency according to the RPM of engine.Comparator 1004 starts optical isolator 1006 selectively, connects SCRTH1, TH2 and TH3, produces on direct current track 905A and 905B and exports through voltage stabilizing.
In essence, comparator 1004 provides active feedback, and railway voltage is remained on (for example 150 volts) on the predetermined level.Obtain the mark of railway voltage, and with a reference voltage (direct voltage of adjusting through voltage stabilizing that pressurizer 914 provides).When railway voltage drops to assigned voltage (for example 150 volts) when following, comparator 1004 starts optical isolators 1006, connects SCR TH1-TH3.
By bridge rectifier 912 and pressurizer 914 from control 605 produce rightly stable power voltage (15V for example, 5V).Bridge rectifier 912 comprises conventional single-phase diode electric bridge rightly.Pressurizer 914 comprises common voltage-stabilizing device Vrl and Vr2 (for example Motorola 78LXX series three lead-in wire voltage-stabilizing devices) rightly, at suitable level (Vrl 15V for example, the direct current of adjusting through voltage stabilizing output is provided Vr25V), be used for inverter control 908 (15V), SCR TH1, TH2 and TH3 (5V), and be used for producing the reference signal (5V) that is used for comparator 1004.
As previously mentioned, control section 908 produces switch controlling signal and gives power converter part 910.Referring to Figure 11, inverter control section 908 comprises rightly: suitable microcomputer 1102; Suitable D/A (D/A) transducer 1104; Suitable crystal with predetermined resonant frequency (for example 4 megahertzes); Suitable feedback signal interface circuit 1108 and 1115 and suitable combinational logic circuit 1110.
In addition, microcomputer 1102 and combinational logic circuit 1110 appropriate cooperatings, produce each switching signal LHRL (left side is high right low) and RHLL (a right high left side is low), offer power converter part 910, in response to these signals, 910 couples of lead-out terminal L1 of power converter part and L2 apply controlled direct current railway voltage.More particularly, microcomputer 1102 produces the optional pulse that pulse duration, relative timing and repetition rate are controlled at pin 12 and 13 places.These pulses produce switching signal LHRL and RHLL with current detecting (ISEN) feedback signal gating.If desired, microcomputer 1102 and combinational logic circuit 1110 also can produce other switching signal HIV (BOOST) and CHARGE, and GOV, offer power converter part 910, to realize the favourable shaping of output signal 915.The operation of microcomputer 1102 will be done more fully to describe in conjunction with Figure 11 A-11F.
The voltage mark that is suitable for use as the output signal 915 of making comparisons with the ramp reference signal of A/D converter 1104 generations is provided by feedback signal interface circuit 1108.Feedback signal interface circuit 1108 comprises: the single-phase diode bridge 1112 that links to each other with L2 with lead-out terminal L1; Suitable low-pass filter circuit (for example, resistor R 29 and R30 and capacitor C7); Zener diode Z1; Second low-pass filter circuit 1116 (for example resistor R 8 and R14 and capacitor C18).The output signal 915 that provides at lead-out terminal L1 and L2 place is applied on the bridge 1112, produces average direct current signal.Direct current signal is through filter 1114 and 1116 and Zener diode Z1 filtering, level and smooth and amplitude limit, and (R8 R14), produces the signal that is directly proportional with the average voltage of output 915 to be applied to voltage divider, this signal is applied on the pin 8 of microcomputer 1102, is used as the comparison with the reference ramp signal.
The signal that expression is under supply voltage threshold level and the overcurrent condition is provided by the second feedback interface circuit 1115.More particularly, 15 volts of supply voltages that power supply 914 pressurizer VR1 produce are applied to the two ends of the voltage divider of being made up of Zener diode Z5 and resistor R 26, in order to produce the flat signal of expression supply voltage water power.This signal is applied on the pin 19 of microcomputer 1102, is used for making comparisons with the reference ramp signal.In addition, the signal (ISEN) of the output signal size of current of expression power converter 910 generations is applied to 1009 of microcomputer 1102 by isolating diode D1.In essence, if mains voltage level is reduced to below the predetermined minimum value, perhaps output current surpasses predetermined maximum value, then produces and interrupts, and makes power converter 910 out of service, and prevents that its element is damaged.
High side isolate power switch circuit 1202 and 1204 and downside do not isolate in power switch circuit 1206 and 1208 each comprise a power transistor (being respectively Q1, Q2, Q3 and Q4), and suitable start-up circuit that power transistor is switched on or switched off according to switching signal LHRL and RHLL.The interconnected one-tenth of power switch circuit 1202-1208 H structure: high side insulating power supply switching circuit 1202-1204 limits respectively and leads to the lead-out terminal L1 that is electrically connected at high side terminal 1203 places and the controlled current flow path (for example, terminal 1203 places, the drain electrode of power transistor Q1 and Q2 ground are connected) of L2; And downside is not isolated power switch circuit 1206 and 1208 and is limited respectively and lead to respectively the lead-out terminal L1 that is electrically connected at low side terminal 1207 and the controlled current flow path of L2 (for example, source terminal 1207 places of power transistor Q3 and Q4 are connected.In basic structure shown in Figure 12, high side terminal 1203 is connected to positive track 905A, and low side terminal 1207 is connected to negative rail 905B by isolating diode D7.
Power switch circuit 1202-1208 is effective as double-pole with electronic circuit control, commutator and moves, in response to switch controlling signal LHRL and RHLL and the direct current track is connected to terminal L1 and L2 selectively.More particularly, switching signal LHRL is applied to not driver for isolating 1208 of high side driver for isolating 1202 and downside, and switching signal RHLL is applied to not driver for isolating 1206 of high side driver for isolating 1204 and downside.When LHRH was predetermined state (for example low state), high side terminal L1 was connected to positive direct-current track 905A by driver 1202, and low side terminal L2 is connected to negative direct current track 905B by driver 1208.On the contrary, when RHLL was a predetermined state (for example low state), high side terminal L1 was connected to negative direct current track 905B by driver 1204, and low side terminal L2 is connected to positive direct-current track 905A by driver 1206.By alternately producing switching signal LHRL and RHLL, it has the RMS value of being connected the time interval (" dead time ") control between (T2 constantly) by the disconnection (T1 constantly) of a pair of driver with relative a pair of driver can to produce analog sine as shown in figure 13.Become the control of the dead time of certain relation that an approximately equalised RMS value of RMS value with require sine wave is provided with voltage level.
People require when related switch signal LHRL, RHLL change state, and driver for isolating 1202 makes relevant power transistor Q1, Q2 enter saturation condition with 1204 start-up circuit fast, so that the power consumption in the switch gap is a minimum.Provide the favourable economic especially start-up circuit that switches on and off characteristic to comprise: resistor R 13 (R19); NPN transistor Q9 (Q10); Diode D2 (D3); Capacitor C4 (C2) and resistor R 9 (R15) and R6 (R10).If desired, can be connected capacitor C8 (C10) and C6 (C9) between the drain electrode and source electrode and grid and source electrode of power transistor Q1 (Q2), to prevent any higher-order of oscillation, and can be connected Zener diode Z4 (Z7) between the drain electrode and source electrode of power transistor Q1 (Q2), be no more than predetermined value (for example 15V) with the restriction grid voltage.
In preferred embodiment, startup control system signal LHRL and RHLL are in low level, are in high level when not starting.When relevant control signal LHRL (RHLL) does not start to (being high level), transistor Q9 (Q10) conducting.This is actually the grounded-grid with power transistor Q1 (Q2), and makes its not conducting.But, from the 15V power supply to diode D2 (D3) and resistor R 6 (R10) produce a current path; Thereby the voltage drop of going up generation 15V in resistor R 6 (R10).Because transistor Q9 (Q10) conducting, capacitor C4 (C2) is in fact in parallel with resistor R 6 (R10), and therefore is charged to above making power transistor Q1 (Q2) enter a certain level (about 15V) of saturated necessary threshold gate voltage (for example 8V).
When relevant control signal LHRL (RHLL) changes over starting state (being step-down), not conducting of transistor Q9 (Q10).This is actually and makes the grid of power transistor Q1 (Q2) be in 15V, and makes its conducting.When power transistor Q1 (Q2) conducting, this device presents very little resistance, and source voltage is near drain voltage (for example 150 volts), thereby the negative terminal of hypothesis capacitor C4 (C2) presents the voltage near railway voltage (150 volts).Because capacitor C4 (C2) has been charged near 15 volts, so the positive side of capacitor is in the voltage that adds charging voltage (promptly 165 volts) near railway voltage.This is actually the reverse bias to diode D2 (D3), thus not conducting of diode, and stopped 15 volts of power supplys effectively.Yet, because the corresponding a certain level that is charged to more than set power transistor Q1 saturation threshold gate voltage of capacitor C4 (C2), so transistor Q1 continues conducting.The level that the level of source voltage (15 volts) and capacitor C4 (C2) initial charge reach is selected initially to be changed to hard full conducting with power transistor Q1 (Q2).But in case diode D2 is blocked, capacitor C2 just begins to discharge by resistor R 9 (R10).Select the time constant of capacitor C4 (C2) and resistor R 9 (R10), make that time when relevant control signal LHRL (RHLL) changes state that the electric charge on the capacitor C4 (so grid voltage) is near the threshold value of (only surpassing slightly) power transistor Q1 (Q2).In those systems of frequency shift, the select time constant make grid voltage near (a little more than) threshold value at the low-limit frequency place that will move in system.When relevant control signal RHRL (RHLL) initially got not starting state (promptly uprising), transistor Q9 (Q10) conducting once more made the grounded-grid of transistor (Q2), and turn-offs transistor Q1 (Q2), and repeats this circulation.By making capacitor C4 (C9) discharge into certain a bit (bleeding off unnecessary electric charge) near threshold voltage, the shutoff speed of power transistor Q1 (Q2) is increased.
Produce the feedback signal that expression offers the output current size (ISEN) of feedback interface circuit 1115 by current sense amplifier 1210.Amplifier 1210 comprises resistor R 3 simply and forms a transistor Q13 of amplifier.If the voltage across resistor R 3 two ends surpasses a certain preset limit, by the electric current of resistor R 3 by power transistor Q1-Q4, transistor Q13 conducting guides the ISEN signal into ground effectively so.As previously mentioned, control is applied to combinational logic circuit 1110 (NOT-AND gate U7A, U7B and U7C among Figure 11) to the ISEN signal effectively as grid, forbids those grids effectively.In addition, as previously mentioned, it also is pulled to zero at 1009 places with voltage effectively, produces and interrupts.
More approaching being similar to of desired sinewave output can come shaping to realize by the waveform to output signal 915.This can bring in realization by producing an auxiliary signal and controllably this auxiliary signal being applied to relevant output by the high side power transistor that starts.The waveform that obtains is shown in Figure 14.
It is auxiliary that (rise winding, boost) signal can form in several modes.For example, boost signal can produce by the auxiliary winding that is added in the stator 210, and referring to Figure 14,15,15A and 16, additional winding 903 can be wrapped on the stator 210 with the identical spacing of cardinal principle with winding 902.Winding 903 and common three-phase diode bridge 1502 cooperatings produce the positive track 905C in centre with predetermined voltage (for example 70V).In order to produce analog sine shown in Figure 14, source terminal is arranged, and (L1 L2) is connected to middle positive track 905c and positive track 905a effectively successively.
Intermediate orbit voltage can be replaced the positive railway voltage that electric winding 902 provides, or adds.For example,, can independently set up middle positive track and positive railway voltage referring to Figure 15, such as, winding 903 produces the intermediate orbit voltages, and winding 902 is independent of all positive railway voltages of winding 903 generations substantially.Yet if desired, winding 903 and 902 can be used for being engaged in positive track 905a place and produce desired voltage.Briefly referring to Figure 15 A, in a kind of like this structure, winding 903 can comprise predetermined number with desired voltage and the corresponding winding of intermediate orbit 905c, diode bridge 1502 can be between pressurizer 904 and negative rail 905B.Winding 902A is provided, and this winding is corresponding with winding 902, but comprises the voltage that requires with intermediate orbit 905c place and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of difference between the voltage (for example 150 volts) at track 905a place just.
Referring to Figure 16, intermediate voltage (70V) track 905c links to each other with the high side terminal 1203 of firm power converter 910A (that is, linking to each other with 1204 power transistor (FET) Q1 and the drain electrode of Q2 with high side isolation power switch 1202) by suitable isolating diode D4.The positive track of high voltage (for example 150V) is coupled with the high side terminal 1203 of firm power translation circuit 910A selectively by booster circuit 1600.Booster circuit 1600 is identical with 1204 cardinal principles with the isolation power switch circuit 1202 of high side, comprises FETQ5, with a relevant start-up circuit.But booster circuit 1600 is in response to the control signal HIV from control section 908 (from the non-conjunction U7C among Figure 11, corresponding with the signal at pin 11 places of microcomputer 1102).The drain electrode of booster circuit FETQ% links to each other with the positive track 905A of high voltage.The source electrode of power transistor links to each other by the drain electrode of power transistor Q1 in isolating diode D3 and the high side power switch circuit 1202 and 1204 and Q2.If desired, can provide reversed polarity flyback diode (flyback diode) D6.
Do not increasing because of for example under the situation of the auxiliary winding of the energy of generation during output signal dead time (dead time), also producing auxiliary (boosting) voltage.This is actually by will storing at the energy that output signal produced in dead time in a certain capacitor (otherwise just having wasted), thereby and controllably makes the capacitor discharge produce voltage boosting pulse.Specifically, simply referring to accompanying drawing 11, shown in the figure is one by the anti-phase independent control signal of HIV (BOOST) control signal, promptly, in next two/one-period, in those time intervals of the rising edge of voltage boosting pulse, be effective on back edge (T3) from voltage boosting pulse.The CHARGE signal is applied to and makes the electric capacity charge or discharge to produce the controlled electric power storage/discharge circuit 1710 of voltage boosting pulse.Circuit 1701 comprises NPN transistor Q16, FETQ6 and capacitor C19 suitably.The CHARGE control signal is applied to the base stage of transistor Q16.When starting charging signals (for example being low-voltage), the FETQ6 conducting makes capacitor C19 link to each other with positive track 905C effectively.(with dead time energy produce voltage boosting pulse and make and can adopt lower railway voltage.) when starting HIV (BOOST) control signal and therefore not during start-up control signal CHARGE, not conducting of FETQ6, and also capacitor C19 is additionally to high side terminal 1203 discharges of firm power converter 910A, so that voltage boosting pulse to be provided.
As previously mentioned, microcomputer 1102 produces counting (pin 1-4 and 15-18), from this counting, produce ramp reference signal by D/A converter, produce switching pulse (pin 11-13) and offer combinational logic circuit 1110, obtain offering the switch controlling signal (applying the direct current railway voltage by power converter part 910 to lead-out terminal L1 and L2) of power converter part 910 from combinational logic circuit 1110 with control.According to from the mark of the output signal 915 of interface 1108 (pin 8) and the frequency of relatively adjusting the switch circulation of reference ramp (pin 10); And according to counting and the pulse duration of relatively adjusting switching pulse of each Control Parameter and the dead time between the pulse from internal clocking.According to the overcurrent of pin 9 places reflection or the situation of power voltage insufficient, stop power converter.
More particularly, referring to Figure 11 and 11A, microcomputer 1102 comprises a plurality of internal register sum counters: mould/counting number (ATOD); Each timer internal, timer 1 and timer 2; Cycle count (COUNT); Be used for storing each register (RVALU and GVALU) of output voltage and grid voltage (supply voltage) mark respectively; Point out the counting (CPS) of two/one-period of output frequency; Point out behind the switching pulse counting (PWM) along (T1 among Figure 14); The counting of base (BASE) when pointing out output frequency; FET output starts sign (DUMMY); With the register (FETMASK) of pointing out the switching pulse output pattern at pin 11-13 place; Have with each interruption of interrupting a corresponding bit and allow register (INIT) and correspond respectively to pin 11-13 and port register P0 and the P2 of pin 1-4 and 15-18.In addition,, then point out counting (SECND) device on edge (T4) behind ladder rising edge (TB) and the ladder in addition, ladder is also determined if adopt the stairstepping output signal.If desired, processor can also comprise an interrupt priority level register, to specify the relative priority level of each interruption.
Referring to Figure 11 and Figure 11 A-11F, continuous major cycle (simple runway) program of microcomputer 1102 by having predetermined number (for example 4) drives interrupts subprogram carried out these operations rightly.Basic circulation distance preface is carried out the computing of D/A converter 1104.Various other functions are subjected to drives interrupts.
Referring now to Figure 11 B,, when electric power is applied to microcomputer for the first time, each timer, register and port initialization (step 11).After the initialization, microcomputer 1102 is carried out the continuous major cycle of the computing of facility D/A converter 1904 rightly, and produces reference ramp.In fact D/A converter 1104 produces the controlled ramp voltage from 0 volt to 5 volts.More particularly, make A/D counting ATOD increase progressively (step 1912), test then, with the upset that determines whether to take place; Counter ATOD runs to 256 from 0 rightly, is turned to zero (step 1914) then.Suppose not overturn, then the ATOD counting is installed to and pin 1-4 and 15-18 (being connected with ATOD transducer 1904) corresponding port P2, and make ATOD increase progressively (repeating step 1912) once more.If upset has taken place, then revise the content of interrupting allowing register INIT, in order to allow each interruption (step 1918): interrupt IRQ0 (overcurrent/power voltage insufficient is interrupted) and interrupt IRQ2 (output voltage interruption).Just as will be described, each slope circulation only allows to occur overcurrent interruption IRQ0 and output voltage interrupts IRQ2 once, to avoid spurious count.
Start mains voltage level deficiency and excess current protective function by interrupting IRQ0.When the voltage (supply voltage/FET grid voltage and ISEN overcurrent signal) at pin 9 places when equaling reference ramp, produce IRQ0.Only under the situation of overcurrent (when ISEN makes pin 9 ground connection, promptly 0 volt time), counting are the indications of supply power voltage (for example nominal is 15 volts) of the grid of the indication FETQ1-Q4 that is applied to power converter 910.Referring to Figure 11 C, when producing interruption IRQ0, the value of counting ATOD and the content of register GVALU are averaged, and with in this mean value load register GVALU, to keep the mark (step 1920) of supply power voltage level operation mean value.Subsequently, whether GVALU is in the zone of reasonableness, for example, supply power voltage equals the logic high voltage (step 1922) of the minimum seen by the power transistor grid at least.
The situation that whether is positioned at zone of reasonableness on the content of GVALU is decided, and removes perhaps that FET starts sign (DUMMY) so that power converter 910 (step 1924) perhaps is provided with this sign with startup power converter 910 (step 1926).Subsequently, the content of adjusting interruption permission register (INIT) is with disable interrupts IRQ0 (step 1928), and return (step 1930) of enforcement from interrupting.As previously mentioned, when the circulation beginning of next slope, will interrupt allowing register INIT to be arranged to allow again to interrupt IRQ0).
The interruption IRQ2 that produces when surpassing the mark of the output voltage that microcomputer 1102 pin places provide in response to each reference ramp implements the measurement of average rectifier output voltage.Referring to Figure 11 D, when produce interrupting IRQ2, ATOD counting (ATOD) is added in the register RVALU, subsequently will with number divided by two, in register RVALU, produce the counting (step 1932) of expression output voltage operation mean value.Adjust input and allow register (INIT), to forbid IRQ2 (step 1934) for the circulation of remaining slope; When the circulation beginning of next slope, allow to interrupt IRQ2 (step 1918) again.Implement subsequently from return (step 1936) of interrupting.
By changing the content (FETMASK) of switch control output register, be controlled at the state of switching signal of the pin 11-13 place generation of microcomputer 1102.The preset frequency that content reflected according to very first time intervalometer (timer 1) changes the FET state periodically.For example,, produce and interrupt IRQ4 for the output frequency of 60Hz, for example, per 8.2 milliseconds.Referring to Figure 11 E, when interrupting IRQ4, tests by timer 1 FET output permission sign (DUMMY) (step 1938) when producing.If sign indication FET quits work, (for example), then clear switch control output register FETMASK because overcurrent or power voltage insufficient situation, with the FET (step 1940) of shutoff (or out of service) power converter 910, and implement from return (step 1942) of interrupting.
It is out of service to suppose that FET does not have, and then makes cycle count (COUNT) increase progressively (step 1944), then each parameter is tested, to judge and to be provided with the proper states of power converter FET.Counting PWM initial testing cycle count (step 1946) according to edge (T1 among Figure 13) behind the expression switching pulse.If cycle count has reached pulsewidth counting PWM, then turn-off the FETQ1-Q4 in the power converter 910, for example port register (removing the PO corresponding) (step 1948) with pin 11 to 13.
Subsequently, according to expression output signal frequency counting (CPS) the test loop counting (step 1950) of two/one-period.If cycle count has reached 1/2nd cycle count CPS, then make the counter-rotating of each state (LHRL and RHLL) in the power converter 910 (mending mutually) (step 1952) with the position among the switch control output register FETMASK to FET, and with the content of FETMASK pack into pin 11 to 13 corresponding port register PO in (step 1954).Remove cycle count (counting 1956) subsequently, and implement from return (step 1958) of interrupting.If cycle count less than two/one-period parameters C PS, is then implemented from return (step 1958) of interrupting.
If system adopts basic power converter 910 (Figure 12), and the discovery cycle count is then implemented from returning of interrupting less than pulsewidth parameter PWM.But, if want closer analog sine, a plurality of steps promptly are provided in output signal as shown in figure 14, for example, adopt the power transformation circuit shown in Figure 16 or 17, so, according to the edge test loop counting of high voltage pulse, produce switching signal to be controlled at pin 11 places that produce HIV (BOOST) and CHARGE control signal.Particularly, if cycle count is more than or equal to edge counting SECND, back according to high-voltage pulse then along the corresponding counting SECND of SECOND (T4 among Figure 14), the initial testing cycle count, make corresponding booster circuit out of service effectively, for example, remove, and implement from return (step 1964) of interrupting corresponding to the position (step 1962) among the port register PO of pin 11.
If cycle count is less than edge, back counting SECND, so with regard to the counting of basis corresponding to the rising edge (T3 among Figure 14) of high voltage pulse, test loop counting (step 1956) once more.
If cycle count (be confirmed as less than corresponding to the back along the counting of T4) is more than or equal to the counting corresponding with the high voltage pulse rising edge, then start booster circuit 1600, for example, setting is corresponding to the position (step 1968) among the port register PO of pin 11, and return (step 1970) of enforcement from interrupting.
If cycle count less than the counting corresponding with the voltage boosting pulse rising edge, is then implemented from return (step 1972) of interrupting.The step that in output signal, adopt to increase, carry out between according to first step pulse back edge (step 1960) and first step rising edge of a pulse (step 1966) according to those pulses after carry out cycle count between the test carried out according to edge and rising edge rightly intervention test.
According to the measured value of output voltage periodically (more suitable is per two cycles of specified output frequency, for example, 32.256 milliseconds (being approximately 32.32 milliseconds)) for 60Hz adjust output signal frequency and other parameters.In essence, frequency, pulsewidth and parameter dead time (back is along the time difference between T1 and the two/one-period point T2) change, to adapt to transient state heavy duty (that is motor start-up).In essence, if output voltage drops under the predetermined minimum value, then frequency reduces, and adjusts the output waveform parameter, to provide secondary power to load.Produce after the periodic interruptions IRQ5, test FET output allows sign (DUMMY) (step 1974).If do not allow output, then during step 1975, judge FET, and implement from returning of interrupting.
Suppose to have allowed FET output, then basis and the predetermined minimum value that is defined as unacceptable low value (for example, 180 volts (UL low-voltage numerical value)) voltage correspondence are tested output voltage mark RVALU.(step 1976) if output voltage is less than or equal to minimum voltage, supposes that then this device has run into uncommon load (for example, be under the starting state compressor motor).Therefore therefore, the mode that output signal frequency falls progressively drops to a certain predetermined minimum value (for example 30Hz), and the output waveform parameter changes, and makes the electric current maximum of leading to load.
More particularly, the counting of base when making expression specify output frequency (to during corresponding to the counting of desired output frequency (for example 60Hz) (for example 4) initialization) increases progressively 1 (step 1978), to reduce output frequency effectively.Check frequency according to predetermined minimum value (for example 30Hz), and suppose that this frequency is positioned at allowed band, then adjust the variation of pulsewidth and dead time, for example, thereby adjust pulsewidth and keep its ratio constant (step 1982) dead time with the reflection frequency.For example, will count corresponding to the BASE that the counting (FIRST) of high voltage pulse rising edge is arranged to through adjusting; Subsequently, will be arranged to equal 5 times of rising edge counting (FIRST) at the counting (SECND) on edge corresponding to high voltage pulse; To be 7 times of BASE counting along being arranged to corresponding to pedestal pulse (pedestal pulse) back, and will to be arranged to corresponding to the counting (CPS) of two/one-period be 8 times of BASE counting through adjusting along the counting of (PWM) of (T1).After having adjusted output waveform parameter (step 1982), implement from return (step 1984) of interrupting.
As mentioned above, set up minimum frequency (for example 30Hz).Therefore, can cause that frequency drops to below the minimum value if implement the BASE counting, then implement output waveform parameter adjustment (step 1982) before with the BASE count resets to the counting corresponding with minimum value.
In case the extraordinary loading condition is eliminated, that is, overcome startup inertia, then because the variation of output frequency and waveform can show rise of output voltage.In case measured value RVALU reaches a certain predetermined value (for example 122 volts), then hypothesis is ended.Therefore, the measured value RVALU that supposes output voltage is greater than minimum voltage (for example 108 volts), then according to being considered to the output voltage (RVALU) (step 1988) of expression from the predetermined maximum voltage thermometrically of extraordinary loading condition (for example 122 volts) recovery.Subsequently, make frequency increments, up to reaching desired output frequency (for example 60Hz).
More particularly, if the output valve that records greater than predetermined minimum value (for example 108 volts), and less than predetermined maximum (recoverys) voltage, is then implemented return (step 1984) from interruption.(implement to adjust parameter step 1982, still, be not adjusted because BASE counts, so numerical value is constant.)
But, if measured value greater than predetermined maximum (recoverys) voltage (for example 122 volts), then frequency BASE counts (BASE) and successively decreases (step 1990), and has increased output frequency effectively.Subsequently, come test frequency according to desired frequency, that is, and according to the counting test b ASE counting (step 1992) corresponding with desired frequency (for example 60Hz).Suppose that frequency is in this scope, then adjust the output waveform parameter taking into account the variation (step 1982) of frequency, and implement from return (step 1984) of interrupting.Make the BASE counting corresponding if successively decrease, then implementing to adjust parameter (step 1982) before, the BASE counting is arranged to the counting (step 1994) corresponding with the requirement frequency with a certain frequency greater than the requirement frequency.
As previously mentioned, owing to can under the situation that does not reduce frequency, reduce the speed of engine 12,, perhaps under the situation that only some power system capacity is removed, make its shutdown so can slow down by engine 12.Simply referring to Figure 11, microcomputer 1102 produces at pin 15 places and is used for the control signal of load with amount controller (load demand governor).When the signal at pin 15 places when being high, transistor 15 conductings start electromagnetic controller, and it is worked with the throttle of engine 12.Referring to Figure 18 A and 18B, produce throttle control signal GOV rightly, as the function of average load output voltage (RVALU).Under stable state (Figure 18 A), engine is slowed down rightly.Yet, when output voltage reduces a predetermined value, produce controller signals and open the throttle, and increase the RPM of engine 12.One particularly advantageous load comprises a cylindrical magnetic iron 1800 with amount controller, this magnet is magnetized along its length, appropriately form by alnico alloy, with non magnetic push rod 1802 (for example a forming) cooperating, and be wrapped in winding 1801 on the suitable fuse (for example forming with nylon (cast nylon)) with casting with nylon.Push rod 1802 cooperates with throttle lever arm 1803.Spring 1806 is pressed onto on the stop position throttle lever arm.
When producing signal at pin 15 places, transistor Q12 conducting forms current path by winding 1801, produces the magnetic interaction with cylindrical magnetic iron 1800.Magnetic interaction between winding 1801 and the magnet 1800 makes magnet 1800 head on spring 1806 biasing and moves forward, and makes engine 12 open the throttle (RPM increase).
The control signal that pin 15 places of microcomputer 1102 produce is through appropriate pulse-width modulation.Pulsewidth is wide more, and the power that offers winding 1801 is just big more, and simultaneously, the motion of magnet 18, push rod 1802 and throttle arm 1803 is also big more.If desired, can provide flyback diode 1804 at winding 1801 two ends.
In some cases, the stator periphery that is centered around internal configurations by use rotates the portion's rotor that disposes, and can obtain the benefit of weight and size aspect.Referring to Figure 19 (a) and 19 (b), an external rotor 1100 comprises the cylindrical shell 1102 that internal cavity 1104 was made and had to a usefulness soft magnetic material.Permanent magnet 802 and interpole 1106 alternately is positioned on the madial wall of housing 1102.If desired, on the madial wall of housing 1102, can form each blade (flabellum) 1108, be convenient to cooling.Similarly, the top of housing 1102 is opened wide substantially, and it comprises each stull 1110 and a center hub 1112, provides and being connected of motor shaft 200.If desired, stull 1110 can be made flabellum, be convenient to carry out the cooling of internal cavity 1104.
Stator 1114 comprises stratiform iron core 1116 and each winding 1118 rightly.Winding 1118 is previously described appropriate shape.Unshakable in one's determination 1116 comprise central axially extending bore.
Stator 1114 is fixed on the engine 202 by fixture 1122.Fixture comprises an axial stem 1124 with center of endoporus 1126,
During assembling, fixture 1122 is connected with the engine 202 usefulness bolts with engine rotating shaft 200 by hole 1126.The diameter in hole 1126 is slightly big than the diameter of motor shaft 200.Thereby motor shaft 200 portion within it rotates freely.Stator 1114 is positioned on the fixture 1122, and stem 1124 is contained in the medium pore 1322 of stator 1114.Cylinder 1124 is realized rightly and the stationary fit in hole 1322, certainly when needed, also can be adopted binding agent.
Should be appreciated that each jockey and the connected mode shown in the figure draw with single line, but this is not to mean it is certain restriction, the multiple connected mode or the jockey that in fact can comprise in this area to be understood.Similarly, among the figure, for clarity, save various power supplys and connect and various control line and similar various element.In addition, foregoing description is a preferable exemplary embodiments of the present invention, the particular form shown in the present invention is not limited only to.As represented in the claim, be provided with within the scope of the invention and can do all changes during arranging elements.
Claims (107)
1. machine that comprises stator and rotor, described stator comprises at least one winding, described rotor comprises one soft magnetic material body, have a plurality of permanent magnets on its surface near stator, described rotor with separate the certain clearance distance with described stator, thereby the relative motion of described rotor and described stator produces the magnetic flux from described magnet, interact and induction generation electric current with described stator winding, wherein, permanent magnet is the high energy product magnet with predetermined area, and described magnet is installed near in the embedded part that forms in the rotor surface of stator, the rotor surface of close stator comprises the part between the embedded part, form each interpole, each described interpole has predetermined surface area, and described magnet is positioned at described embedded part, separates a predetermined distance with adjacent described interpole, it is characterized in that
The surface area of the described permanent magnet of close described stator is greater than the surface area of the described interpole of close described stator.
2. machine as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the surface area of the described permanent magnet of close described stator is greater than the surface area of the described interpole of close stator, and its ratio is the ratio of magnetic flux density with the magnetic flux density of the described interpole of permission of described permanent magnet generation.
3. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described magnet has the magnetic flux density that is at least the 5 kilogauss orders of magnitude.
4. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that,
Described embedded part balanced configuration is on the close described rotor surface of described stator;
Described interpole balanced configuration is on the close described rotor surface of described stator;
Described magnet is positioned at the centre of described embedded part.
5. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, the distance that the distance that described magnet and described interpole separate separates greater than described rotor surface and described stator.
6. machine as claimed in claim 5 is characterized in that, the distance that described magnet and described interpole separate is bigger 5 times than the distance that described rotor surface and stator separate.
7. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it also comprises an engine that makes described rotor rotation.
8. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described stator substantially ringwise, the centre has the hole, and described rotor and its concentric arrangement, to rotate in described hole.
9. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described rotor comprises hollow cylinder, and described magnet is installed on the inner surface of described cylinder, and described stator is concentric with described cylinder.
10. machine as claimed in claim 9 is characterized in that described stator comprises a centre bore, and described rotor is installed in the rotating shaft of passing the stator medium pore.
11. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described stator comprises a plurality of windings.
12. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described stator comprises first winding that produces the little current signal of relative high voltage and second winding that produces relative low-voltage and high-current signal.
13. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, described stator comprises:
The soft magnetism iron core;
The first three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually; And
The second three-phase star winding, each of described second winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of second predetermined voltage output mutually;
Each described three phase winding corresponding combined together as a unit, and on described iron core, thereby the thermo-contact ground coiling continuously mutually mutually accordingly of each described three-phase winding coil.
14. machine as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
15. machine as claimed in claim 13 is characterized in that, each of at least one described winding comprises the first that is limited by tap mutually, so that the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided.
16. machine as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, it also comprises:
Switch, be used for selectively with the output of the described second or the 3rd predetermined voltage in one be connected; And
Rectification circuit is used for receiving the signal from described switch, produces direct current signal.
17. machine as claimed in claim 15 is characterized in that, described first output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 24 volts the order of magnitude, and described the 3rd predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
18. machine as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that, it also comprises a rectification circuit, is used in response to the signal from described stator winding, produces direct current signal.
19. machine as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, described machine comprises:
Each lead-out terminal; And
Surpass predetermined level in response to the bucking voltage on described lead-out terminal, make the idle device of described rectification circuit.
20. machine as claimed in claim 19 is characterized in that, described machine also comprises:
, the voltage on described lead-out terminal starts the device of rectification circuit in response to surpassing predetermined level.
21. device as claimed in claim 12 is characterized in that, it also comprises:
First rectification circuit in response to the signal from described first stator winding, produces the little current DC signal of relative high voltage; And
Second rectification circuit in response to the signal from described second stator winding, produces relative low-voltage and high-current direct current signal.
22. machine as claimed in claim 21 is characterized in that,
Described second winding comprises the first that is limited by tap, so that the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided;
And described machine also comprises:
Switch, being connected between one in being used for implementing described second rectification circuit selectively and the described second or the 3rd predetermined voltage being exported.
23. machine as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that,
Described rotor, stator and rectification circuit are configured in the casing;
At least a portion in the described casing is made with conduction, Heat Conduction Material;
Described rectification circuit comprises the heat producing component that links to each other with earth potential;
At least one described convertor circuit element and described casing electricity, hot link, thus described casing is as the heat sink and described rectification circuit of described element electrical ground.
24. machine as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that,
Described machine also comprises installing and is used for the fan that rotates with described rotor;
Described rotor, stator, rectification circuit and fan are positioned at a casing, and being rotated in of described fan produces a normal pressure in the described casing;
Described rectification circuit comprises the heat producing component; And
Described casing comprises each hole that is positioned at respect to hot producing component pre-position, flows through described element by the hole generation and makes the sampling element cooled gas flow.
25. machine as claimed in claim 18 is characterized in that, it also comprises an inverter that produces AC signal in response to direct current signal.
26. machine as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, described inverter comprises variable frequency inverter, and it produces the AC signal that has according to the frequency of obtained electric current in response to the mark of the electric current of obtaining from described inverter.
27. machine as claimed in claim 25 is characterized in that, described inverter comprises a variable frequency inverter, and it produces the AC signal that has according to described direct voltage in response to the mark of DC voltage level.
28. constitute to produce the machine of the generator of predetermined power output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power output to the ratio of described rotor weight greater than 150 watts/pound.
29. constitute to produce the machine of the generator of predetermined power output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power output to the ratio of described rotor weight greater than 200 watts/pound.
30. constitute to produce the machine of the generator of predetermined power output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power output to the ratio of described rotor weight greater than 500 watts/pound.
31. constitute to produce the machine of the generator of predetermined power output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power output to the ratio of described rotor weight greater than 700 watts/pound.
32. constitute to produce the machine of the generator of predetermined power output according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described power output to the ratio of described rotor weight greater than 800 watts/pound.
33. a generator that is used for producing predetermined power output, it comprises rotor and stator, and described stator includes stator winding, it is characterized in that,
Described rotor comprises a soft magnetic material body, one surface has a plurality of permanent magnets near described stator, separate predetermined clearance distance with described stator, thus the relative motion of described rotor and described stator feasible magnetic flux and interaction of the electric current in the described stator winding and induction generation electric current from described magnet;
The ratio of described power output and described rotor weight is greater than 150 watts/pound; And described stator comprises:
The soft magnetism iron core;
The first three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually; And
The second three-phase star winding, each of described second winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of second predetermined voltage output mutually;
Each corresponding combined one-tenth of three phase windings becomes a unit together, and is wrapped on the described iron core, thus the mutual Continuous Heat contact of described each three phase winding.
34. generator as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
35. generator as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, each of at least one winding comprises the first that is limited by a tap mutually, so that the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided.
36. generator as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, it also comprises:
Switch is used for being connected to selectively in the voltage output in the output of the described second or the 3rd predetermined voltage; And
Rectification circuit, it receives the signal from described switch, is used for producing direct current signal.
37. generator as claimed in claim 35 is characterized in that, described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 24 volts the order of magnitude, and described the 3rd predetermined output voltage is 12 voltage magnitudes.
38. generator as claimed in claim 33 is characterized in that, it also comprises in response to the rectifier of the described first predetermined voltage output signal with described rectifier cooperating and produces the inverter of AC signal.
39. generator as claimed in claim 38 is characterized in that, described inverter comprises a variable frequency inverter, and described variable frequency inverter produces the AC signal that has according to obtained frequency in response to the electric current mark of obtaining from described inverter.
40. generator as claimed in claim 38, it is characterized in that, described inverter comprises a variable frequency inverter, and described variable frequency inverter is in response to the mark of described rectifier output signal, and generation is according to the AC signal of the frequency of the voltage of described rectifier output signal.
41. a generation offers the generator of the AC signal of load, it is characterized in that, described generator comprises:
The stator that comprises at least one winding,
Rotor, described rotor are also responded to generation electric current thereby the relative motion of described rotor and described stator makes from the magnetic flux and the Interaction Law of Electric Current in the described stator winding of described rotor with respect to stator arrangement;
Rectification circuit, it produces direct current signal in response to the electric current in the described stator winding; And
Variable frequency inverter, it is in response to direct current signal and represent that load obtains the control signal of electric current, produces AC signal, and described AC signal changes selectively according to the electric current that load obtains.
42. generator as claimed in claim 41 is characterized in that, the control signal of the electric current that expression is obtained by load comprises the voltage level mark of direct current signal.
43. generator, it comprises a stator that includes at least one winding, with a rotor, described rotor is with respect to described stator arrangement, thereby the relative motion of described rotor and stator makes from the magnetic flux of described rotor and Interaction Law of Electric Current in the described stator winding and induction generation electric current, it is characterized in that described generator comprises:
One soft magnetism iron core;
First winding, it comprises and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output; And
Second winding, it comprises and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of second predetermined voltage output;
Each winding combined becomes a unit, and on described iron core, thus close thermal each winding of coiling contiguously continuously mutually.
44. generator as claimed in claim 32 is characterized in that,
Described rotor comprises a soft magnetic material body, and its surface has a plurality of permanent magnets near described stator on it.
45. generator as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that, described magnet is high energy product magnet.
46. generator as claimed in claim 44 is characterized in that,
Described magnet has predetermined surface area;
Described magnet is installed near in the embedded part that forms on the described rotor surface of described stator;
The described rotor surface of close described stator comprises the part between the embedded part, forms each interpole, and each described interpole has predetermined surface area;
Described magnet configuration separates predetermined distance with adjacent described interpole in described embedded part; And
The surface area of described magnet is near described stator, and ratio is big near the surface area of the described interpole of described stator.
47. generator as claimed in claim 44, it is characterized in that, the surface area ratio of the described permanent magnet of described close stator is near the big ratio of surface area of the described interpole of described stator, and described ratio is the ratio of the magnetic flux density of described permanent magnet generation to the permission magnetic flux density of described interpole.
48. generator as claimed in claim 47 is characterized in that, described magnet has at least the magnetic flux density at the 5 kilogauss orders of magnitude.
49. generator as claimed in claim 46 is characterized in that,
Described embedded part balanced configuration is on the close described rotor surface of described stator;
Described interpole balanced configuration is on the close described rotor surface of described stator;
Described magnet is positioned at the central authorities of described embedded part.
50. generator as claimed in claim 46 is characterized in that, the distance that the distance that described magnet and described interpole separate separates greater than described rotor surface and described stator.
51. generator as claimed in claim 50 is characterized in that, the distance that described magnet and described interpole separate is bigger 5 times than the distance that described rotor surface and described stator separate at least.
52. generator as claimed in claim 43 is characterized in that,
First winding is a three-phase star winding, and each of described first winding comprises and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of described first predetermined voltage output mutually; And
Second winding is a three-phase star winding, and each of described second winding comprises and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of described second predetermined voltage output mutually;
Corresponding combined each three phase winding together as a unit, and on iron core, thereby the thermo-contact mutually mutually accordingly of described each three phase winding.
53. generator as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
54. generator as claimed in claim 52 is characterized in that, each of at least one winding comprises the first that is limited by a tap mutually, so that the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided.
55. generator as claimed in claim 54 is characterized in that, it also comprises:
One switch, be used for implementing selectively with the output of the described second or the 3rd predetermined voltage in being connected an of output; And
One rectification circuit, it receives the signal from described switch, produces direct current signal.
56. generator as claimed in claim 54 is characterized in that, described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude, and described second predetermined output voltage is 24 volts the order of magnitude, and described the 3rd predetermined output voltage is 12 voltage magnitudes.
57. generator, it comprises stator and rotor, described stator comprises at least one winding, and rotor comprises a soft magnetic material body, and its surface has a plurality of permanent magnets near described stator on it, separate predetermined clearance distance with described stator, thereby the relative motion of described rotor and stator makes and it is characterized in that magnetic flux and interaction of the electric current in the described stator winding and the induction generation electric current that described magnet produces
Described rotor comprises a hollow cylinder, and described magnet is installed on the inner surface of described cylinder;
Described stator is concentric with described cylinder; And
Described rotor is installed to be made it around described stator rotation.
58. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that,
Described magnet is the high energy product magnet with predetermined area;
Described magnet is installed in the embedded part that forms on the described cylinder inner surface;
The inner surface of described cylinder comprises the part between the described embedded part, forms each interpole, and each described interpole has predetermined surface area;
Described magnet configuration separates certain distance with adjacent described interpole in described embedded part; And
The surface area of described permanent magnet is greater than the surface area of described interpole.
59. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described stator comprises a medium pore, and described rotor is installed in the rotating shaft of passing described stator medium pore.
60. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described stator comprises a plurality of windings.
61. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described stator comprises first winding and second winding that produces relative low-voltage and high-current signal that is used for producing the little current signal of relative high voltage.
62. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described stator comprises:
The soft magnetism iron core;
The first three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually; And
The second three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually;
Each described three phase winding corresponding combined together as a unit, and on iron core, thereby the thermo-contact mutually mutually accordingly of each three phase winding winding.
63. generator as claimed in claim 62 is characterized in that, each of at least one winding comprises the first that is limited by tap mutually, so that the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided.
64. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, it also comprises a rectification circuit, and described rectification circuit produces direct current signal in response to the signal from described stator winding.
65. as the described generator of claim 64, it is characterized in that,
Described generator comprises that also an installation is used for the fan that rotates with described rotor;
Described rotor, stator, rectification circuit and fan produce normal pressure in casing;
Described rectification circuit comprises the heat producing component;
Described casing comprises each hole that is configured in respect to the pre-position of described heat producing component, produces the air-flow by described hole, in order to cooling element.
66., it is characterized in that described fan comprises the flabellum that is configured in described cylinder outside as the described generator of claim 65.
67. generator as claimed in claim 57 is characterized in that, described rotor also comprises the flabellum that is configured in described cylinder outside.
68. a method of expanding the working capacity of alternating current generator is characterized in that, described method comprises the following step that produces direct current signal:
Direct current signal is applied to variable frequency inverter, to produce AC signal;
Produce a control signal, be applied to described inverter, change the frequency of described AC signal, thereby adapt to transient state requirement extraordinary from load according to the electric current of obtaining from described generator.
69. a light-duty portable power generation unit is characterized in that it comprises:
The engine that has a rotatable output revolving shaft;
The generator that comprises rotor and stator;
Stator comprises at least one winding and a centre bore, described stator and fixing concentric being installed together of described engine rotating shaft;
Described rotor comprises the soft magnetic material body with a plurality of permanent magnets, each permanent magnet has predetermined surface area, be installed near described stator in the embedded part of the formation of described rotor surface, separate the certain clearance distance with described stator, thereby the relative motion of described rotor and stator makes magnetic flux and the Interaction Law of Electric Current in the described stator winding that described magnet produces also respond to the generation electric current, described rotor surface near described stator forms some parts between described embedded part, to form interpole, each interpole has predetermined surface area;
The surface area of described magnet is greater than the surface area of described interpole;
Described rotor is installed in the described engine rotating shaft, and is enough tight with described engine coupling, thereby keeps the predetermined gap distance between described rotor and the described stator during described rotor rotation, and need not the bearing outside the engine.
70., it is characterized in that described stator comprises a plurality of windings as the described generator of claim 69.
71., it is characterized in that described stator comprises first winding and second winding that produces relative low-voltage and high-current signal that is used for producing the little current signal of relative high voltage as the described generator of claim 69.
72., it is characterized in that described stator comprises as the described generator of claim 69:
Soft magnet core;
The first three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually; And
The second three-phase star winding, each of described first winding comprise and the corresponding pre-fixing turn of first predetermined voltage output mutually;
Each three phase winding is corresponding combined together as a unit, and on iron core, thereby the thermo-contact mutually accordingly of described each three phase winding winding.
73., it is characterized in that described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude as the described generator of claim 72, and described second predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
74., it is characterized in that each of at least one winding comprises the first that is limited by tap mutually as the described generator of claim 72, in order to the output of the 3rd predetermined voltage to be provided.
75., it is characterized in that it also comprises as the described generator of claim 74:
One switch, be used for implementing selectively with the output of the described second or the 3rd predetermined voltage in being connected an of output; And
One rectification circuit, it receives the signal from described switch, produces direct current signal.
76., it is characterized in that described first predetermined output voltage is 110 volts the order of magnitude as the described generator of claim 74, described second predetermined output voltage is 24 voltage magnitudes, and described the 3rd predetermined output voltage is 12 volts the order of magnitude.
77., it is characterized in that it also comprises a rectification circuit as the described generator of claim 69, described rectification circuit produces direct current signal in response to the signal from described stator winding.
78. as the described generator of claim 77, it is characterized in that,
Described rotor, stator and rectification circuit are configured in the casing; Described casing at least a portion is formed by heat conduction, electric conducting material;
Described rectification circuit comprises the heat producing component that links to each other with earth potential;
In the described convertor circuit element at least one and described casing electricity, heat link to each other, thereby the heat sink and described rectification circuit that described casing is used as described element electrical ground.
79. as the described generator of claim 77, it is characterized in that,
Described generator also comprises installing and is used for the fan that rotates with described rotor;
Described rotor, stator, rectification circuit and fan arrangement are in casing, and being rotated in of described fan produces normal pressure in the described casing;
Described rectification circuit comprises the heat producing component; And
Described casing is included in each hole with respect to the pre-position configuration of heat producing component, produces the air-flow that flows through described element by described hole, in order to cool off described element.
80., it is characterized in that it also comprises an inverter as the described generator of claim 77, described inverter produces AC signal in response to direct current signal.
81., it is characterized in that described inverter comprises a variable frequency inverter as the described generator of claim 80, described variable frequency inverter produces the AC signal that has according to the frequency of obtained electric current in response to the electric current of obtaining from described inverter.
82., it is characterized in that described inverter comprises a variable frequency inverter as the described generator of claim 80, described variable frequency inverter produces the AC signal that has according to the frequency of direct voltage in response to the mark of DC voltage level.
83., it is characterized in that it also comprises the bindiny mechanism of carrying with band as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 69.
84., it is characterized in that described permanent magnet is high energy product magnet as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 69.
85., it is characterized in that the preset distance that described magnet and adjacent interpole separate is bigger than the distance that described rotor surface and described stator separate as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 69.
86., it is characterized in that it also comprises as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 85:
Have base portion and the mounting bracket that has the lateral part of first and second opposite sides;
The hole that forms in the described support lateral part; Wherein, described engine is installed in a side of described support lateral part, described base top, and described engine rotating shaft extends through described hole; And
Described stator is installed in the opposite sides with the concentric lateral part of described engine rotating shaft; And
Described rotor is installed in the rotating shaft, with described stator lateral alignment.
87., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket is formed by monolayer material as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 86.
88., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket comprises a portable part as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 86.
89. as light-duty portable power generation unit as described in the claim 89, it is characterized in that, described portable part be applicable to as with being connected of braces.
90., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket is applicable to and carries being connected with band as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 86.
91. as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 86, it is characterized in that,
Described stator is central authorities substantially and is the annular of cavity; And
Described rotor is positioned at described cavity, and coaxial with described cavity.
92. as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 86, it is characterized in that,
Described stator is cylindricality substantially, has central axial bore;
Described engine rotating shaft extends through described hole;
Described rotor comprises central shaft cavity and the wheel hub that is cylindricality substantially; And
Described rotor is installed in the engine rotating shaft in described wheel hub, and described stator is positioned at described rotor cavity coaxially.
93., it is characterized in that it also comprises: have base portion and the mounting bracket that has the lateral part of first and second opposite sides as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 69;
Be formed on the hole in the described support lateral part; And wherein:
Described engine is installed in a side of the support lateral part that is in the base top, and described engine rotating shaft extends through described hole; And
Described stator is installed in the opposite sides with the concentric lateral part of described engine rotating shaft, and
Described rotor is installed in the described rotating shaft, with described stator lateral alignment.
94., it is characterized in that described permanent magnet is high energy product magnet as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 93.
95., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket forms with monolayer material as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 93.
96., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket comprises a portable part as the described lightweight generator group of claim 93.
97., it is characterized in that described portable part is applicable to and is used for connecting a braces as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 96.
98., it is characterized in that described mounting bracket is applicable to be used for connecting and carries with band as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 93.
99. as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 93, it is characterized in that,
Described stator is the annular that has center cavity substantially; And
Described rotor coaxial ground is positioned at described cavity.
100. as the described light-duty portable power generation unit of claim 93, it is characterized in that,
Described stator is the cylindricality that has central axial bore substantially;
Described engine rotating shaft extends through described hole;
Described rotor comprises that one is the central axial lumen body and a wheel hub of cylindricality substantially; And
Described rotor is installed in the described engine rotating shaft in described wheel hub, and described stator is positioned at described rotor cavity coaxially.
101. a small generator is characterized in that it comprises:
One internal stator, it comprises:
The iron core that has each winding; With
Pass the center axially extending bore of described iron core;
Around the external rotor of described stator periphery rotation, described rotor comprises:
By the cylindrical outer cover that soft magnetic material forms, described shell has an internal cavities and an internal side wall; And
Be positioned at a plurality of alternately permanent magnet and the interpoles of described shell inboard;
Have central axial column body and described cylinder and have the engine installation component of endoporus, described stator is positioned on the described installation component, and the central axial column body holds the center axially extending bore, thereby the axis of centres is to cylinder and central axially extending bore stationary fit;
Pass the engine rotating shaft of endoporus, the diameter of described endoporus is slightly big than the diameter of described engine rotating shaft, thus described engine rotating shaft portion's rotation within it, and described rotor is fastened in the described engine rotating shaft.
102., it is characterized in that it also is included in the blade that forms on the lateral wall of described rotor case as the described small generator of claim 101, in order to cool off.
103. a generating set that produces output signal and offer load is characterized in that, described generator comprises:
The engine that has rotatable output revolving shaft, described engine make described rotating shaft rotation under the speed of rotation according to Throttle Opening Control; Described generator comprises rotor and stator, and described rotor is with respect to described stator arrangement, thereby the relative motion of described rotor and described stator makes magnetic flux and the Interaction Law of Electric Current in the described stator winding that described rotor produces also respond to the generation electric current,
Rectification circuit, it produces direct current signal in response to the signal from described stator winding; Inverter, it produces the output signal with preset frequency in response to described direct current signal; And
Controller is used for selectively according to the generating set output signal Control Engine throttle.
104., it is characterized in that described controller comprises as the described generating set of claim 103:
Produce the transducer of the mark of load request;
Produce the device of throttle control signal selectively; And
With the electromagnetic regulator that described engine throttle machinery is coupled, it changes the setting of described throttle selectively in response to throttle control signal.
105., it is characterized in that described electromagnetic regulator comprises as the described generating set of claim 104:
Cylindrical magnetic iron, described cylindrical magnetic iron magnetizes on its length direction;
Non magnetic push rod with described cylindrical magnetic iron and engine throttle cooperating;
Throttle winding on the described push rod;
Described throttle control signal is applied on the described regulator winding selectively, produces magnetic interaction between described winding and described magnet, and the motion that produces described magnet and described push rod is to change the setting of described throttle.
106., it is characterized in that described throttle control signal is modulated through pulsewidth as the described generating set of claim 105, and the decision of the width of described pulse is applied to the power of described winding power on signal.
107., it is characterized in that the flyback diode that provides across described winding two ends also is provided for it as the described generating set of claim 105.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95195096 CN1161113A (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1995-09-08 | Light weight genset |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US08/306,120 | 1994-09-14 | ||
| CN 95195096 CN1161113A (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1995-09-08 | Light weight genset |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN1161113A true CN1161113A (en) | 1997-10-01 |
Family
ID=5082877
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 95195096 Pending CN1161113A (en) | 1994-09-14 | 1995-09-08 | Light weight genset |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN1161113A (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101847908A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-09-29 | 福州力鼎动力有限公司 | Power supply system and method of generator |
| CN108377050A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-08-07 | 江西永骏泰新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of outdoor travel portable electric generator |
-
1995
- 1995-09-08 CN CN 95195096 patent/CN1161113A/en active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101847908A (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2010-09-29 | 福州力鼎动力有限公司 | Power supply system and method of generator |
| CN101847908B (en) * | 2010-04-09 | 2013-01-09 | 福州力鼎动力有限公司 | Power supply system and method of generator |
| CN108377050A (en) * | 2018-01-27 | 2018-08-07 | 江西永骏泰新能源科技有限公司 | A kind of outdoor travel portable electric generator |
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