CN116109014A - Simulation fire-fighting evacuation method for urban rail transit large transfer station - Google Patents
Simulation fire-fighting evacuation method for urban rail transit large transfer station Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simulated fire evacuation method for a large transfer station of urban rail transit, and belongs to the technical field of emergency evacuation. The fire evacuation method comprises the steps of acquiring real-time fire information in a transfer station and simulating and predicting the fire information; obtaining a dangerous traveling range by using the predicted fire information; obtaining a safe evacuation route set by using the dangerous travelling range; and guiding the safe evacuation of passengers by using the safe evacuation route set. According to the invention, the fire condition of the subway station can be detected and predicted through the fire condition information at the initial stage of the fire, and the distribution influence of the fire is predicted, so that the dim and leakage routes caused by abnormal cables are accurately eliminated, the path accuracy and the safety for guiding the safety evacuation of the interfered personnel are good, and the personnel evacuation speed and the safety under the fire of the transfer station are improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of emergency evacuation, and particularly relates to a simulated fire evacuation method for a large transfer station of urban rail transit.
Background
The subway station has large flow of people and high fire prevention level, and the simulation of fire evacuation in urban rail transit is a fire control important point. At present, people after subway station fire disaster are large in evacuation difficulty, dark environment and equipment electric leakage can occur once the fire disaster affects power distribution safety, and trampling and electric shock risks are extremely easy to occur under complicated circuits and staggered people flows of transfer stations.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to: the simulated fire evacuation method for the urban rail transit large transfer station is provided to solve the problems in the prior art.
The technical scheme is as follows: a simulated fire evacuation method for a large transfer station of urban rail transit comprises the following steps:
step 1: acquiring real-time fire information in a transfer station and simulating and predicting the fire information;
step 2: obtaining a dangerous traveling range by using the predicted fire information;
step 3: obtaining a safe evacuation route set by using the dangerous travelling range;
step 4: and guiding the safe evacuation of passengers by using the safe evacuation route set.
Further, the obtaining the real-time fire information in the transfer station and simulating and predicting the fire information includes:
step 11: acquiring real-time environmental data in a transfer station;
step 12: judging whether the environmental data exceeds a safety threshold, if so, obtaining abnormal environmental data, otherwise, obtaining normal environmental data;
step 13: obtaining fire information by using the abnormal environment data;
step 14: constructing a homogeneous prediction model of fire by using the fire information;
step 15: obtaining predicted fire information by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the real-time environmental data in the transfer station are acquired by fire detection instruments uniformly distributed in the transfer station, and the environmental data comprise temperature data, smoke data, gas data and radiation light intensity data.
Further, the obtaining the fire information by using the abnormal environment data includes:
step 131: taking the installation position of a fire detecting instrument which firstly collects abnormal environment data as a fire source position;
step 132: taking an area surrounded by the installation positions of all the fire detection instruments for acquiring abnormal environment data as a fire range;
step 133: obtaining fire types by utilizing the fire range and the cable ignition condition;
step 134: the location of the fire source, the range of the fire, and the type of the fire are taken as fire information.
Further, the obtaining the fire type by using the fire range and the cable firing condition comprises:
when a cable is laid in the fire range, judging whether the cable in the fire range has a fire condition, if so, determining that the fire type is electrified fire, otherwise, determining that the fire type is uncharged fire;
when no cable is laid in the fire range, the fire type is an uncharged fire.
Further, the constructing the homogeneous prediction model of the fire condition by using the fire condition information includes:
step 141: constructing a fire sequence by using the acquired n groups of fire information;
step 142: calculating the average value of n groups of samples in the fire sequence;
step 143: generating a homography function by using the average value of n groups of samples;
step 144: extending the homography function definition domain to a time number axis to obtain a continuation homography function;
step 145: establishing a homogeneous prediction model of the fire condition by using the extended homogeneous function and a time number axis;
wherein, the time interval for acquiring each group of fire information is less than 5 seconds,
the number n of samples for acquiring fire information is more than or equal to 30,
the fire sequence includes a fire source location sequence, a fire range sequence, and a fire type sequence.
Further, the obtaining the predicted fire information by using the average prediction model of the fire includes:
step 151: selecting a prediction time node;
step 152: obtaining predicted fire information of the selected predicted time node by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the selection of the prediction time node is related to the time point and the train number information of the fire disaster detected by the fire disaster detecting instrument.
Further, the obtaining the dangerous traveling range by using the predicted fire information includes:
judging whether the fire type in the predicted fire information is electrified fire or not under the predicted time node,
if so, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range and a range covered by a cable having a cable fire condition,
otherwise, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range;
the range covered by the cable with the cable ignition condition comprises a range covered by a cable laying route and a range covered by electrical equipment connected to the cable.
Further, the obtaining the safe evacuation route by using the dangerous traveling range includes:
step 31: acquiring a passenger traveling planning route set of a rail traffic unit to a transfer station;
step 32: and solving a non-obtained safe evacuation route set for the dangerous traveling range by using the passenger traveling planning route set.
Further, the guiding the safe evacuation of the passengers by using the safe evacuation route set includes:
step 41: making an evacuation map by utilizing the safe evacuation route set;
step 42: transmitting the evacuation map to the interviewee;
step 43: the passengers in the interfered personnel are safely evacuated according to the guidance of the evacuation map;
wherein the personnel under intervention include passengers, drivers and ground service; passengers for whom the evacuation map expression information is not clear cannot be unauthorized to perform evacuation behavior.
The beneficial effects are that: according to the invention, the fire condition of the subway station can be detected and predicted through the fire condition information at the initial stage of the fire, and the distribution influence of the fire is predicted, so that the dim and leakage routes caused by abnormal cables are accurately eliminated, the path accuracy and the safety for guiding the safety evacuation of the interfered personnel are good, and the personnel evacuation speed and the safety under the fire of the transfer station are improved.
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Fig. 1 is a flow chart of a simulated fire evacuation method for a large transfer station of urban rail transit.
Detailed Description
In the following description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a more thorough understanding of the present invention. It will be apparent, however, to one skilled in the art that the invention may be practiced without one or more of these details. In other instances, well-known features have not been described in detail in order to avoid obscuring the invention.
As shown in fig. 1, a simulated fire evacuation method for a large transfer station of urban rail transit includes:
step 1: acquiring real-time fire information in a transfer station and simulating and predicting the fire information;
step 2: obtaining a dangerous traveling range by using the predicted fire information;
step 3: obtaining a safe evacuation route set by using the dangerous travelling range;
step 4: and guiding the safe evacuation of passengers by using the safe evacuation route set.
The step 1 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 11: acquiring real-time environmental data in a transfer station;
step 12: judging whether the environmental data exceeds a safety threshold, if so, obtaining abnormal environmental data, otherwise, obtaining normal environmental data;
step 13: obtaining fire information by using the abnormal environment data;
step 14: constructing a homogeneous prediction model of fire by using the fire information;
step 15: obtaining predicted fire information by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the real-time environmental data in the transfer station are acquired by fire detection instruments uniformly distributed in the transfer station, and the environmental data comprise temperature data, smoke data, gas data and radiation light intensity data.
The fire detection instrument comprises a temperature sensing detector for acquiring temperature data, a smoke sensing detector for acquiring smoke data, a special gas detector for acquiring gas data and a flame detector for acquiring radiation light intensity data;
the subway station is provided with a constant temperature system, and when the temperature data acquired by the temperature sensing detector exceeds the set temperature of the constant temperature system by 5 ℃, the temperature data is abnormal;
the special gas detector aims at the carbon monoxide generated by fire (when the content of the air reaches 1.28%, people can suffocate and die within 3 minutes, and when the special gas detector detects that the content of the carbon monoxide in the air reaches 0.9%, the gas data is abnormal), hydrocarbon (the concentration of formaldehyde, acrolein and other aldehyde gases in the hydrocarbon which threatens the life safety exceeds 1 multiplied by 10) －6 When the air conditioner is used, the air conditioner has strong stimulation to eyes, respiratory tract and skin, and the special gas detector detects that the concentration of aldehyde gas in the air reaches 3 multiplied by 10 －7 Abnormal gas data) and nitrogen oxides (NO in nitrogen oxides can combine with hemoglobin in blood, so that the oxygen transmission capacity of the blood is reduced, oxygen deficiency is caused, and NO in the atmosphere is in O 2 Will be oxidized slowly to NO 2 Abnormal gas data when the special gas detector detects NO in the air) concentration is collected;
the flame detector is mainly arranged in a wire slot of the cable arranging and wiring, the detection distance between the flame detector and the cable is fixed, and when the cable is provided with a shielding layer, the heat radiation value acquired by the flame detector is larger than 1.2 times of the average value of the heat radiation values of the first ten groups, and the radiation light intensity data are abnormal; when the cable is not provided with a shielding layer, when the heat radiation value acquired by the flame detector is larger than 1.5 times of the average value of the heat radiation values of the first ten groups, the radiation light intensity data are abnormal;
when any one of the temperature data, the smoke data, the gas data and the radiation light intensity data is abnormal, the fire detection instrument immediately acts to send an alarm signal to the fire alarm controller.
A times of the average value of the continuous N groups of environmental data is used as a safety threshold value of the environmental data of the next group of environmental data of the N groups, the time for continuously collecting the average value of the N groups of environmental data is not more than 30 seconds, A is not less than 1 and not more than 2, A is used as an environmental influence factor and is related to the gas circulation of the installation position of the fire detection instrument (the higher the gas circulation is, the larger the value of A is), the safety threshold value is divided into a temperature threshold value, a smoke threshold value, a gas threshold value and a radiation light intensity threshold value according to the different environmental data, and particularly, the environmental influence factor of the radiation light intensity threshold value is not influenced by the gas circulation and is 1 in value.
The step 13 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 131: taking the installation position of a fire detecting instrument which firstly collects abnormal environment data as a fire source position;
step 132: taking an area surrounded by the installation positions of all the fire detection instruments for acquiring abnormal environment data as a fire range;
step 133: obtaining fire types by utilizing the fire range and the cable ignition condition;
step 134: the location of the fire source, the range of the fire, and the type of the fire are taken as fire information.
Step 133 specifically includes:
when a cable is laid in the fire range, judging whether the cable in the fire range has a fire condition, if so, determining that the fire type is electrified fire, otherwise, determining that the fire type is uncharged fire;
when no cable is laid in the fire range, the fire type is an uncharged fire.
The subway station is used as a personnel-intensive place, a low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant wire is required to be selected, the working temperature is not lower than 250 ℃, the ignition condition of the cable is required to reach 250 ℃, and the temperature setting of the ignition condition of the cable can be properly reduced for safety.
Step 14 specifically includes:
step 141: constructing a fire sequence by using the acquired n groups of fire information;
step 142: calculating the average value of n groups of samples in the fire sequence;
step 143: generating a homography function by using the average value of n groups of samples;
step 144: extending the homography function definition domain to a time number axis to obtain a continuation homography function;
step 145: establishing a homogeneous prediction model of the fire condition by using the extended homogeneous function and a time number axis;
the time interval for acquiring each group of fire information is less than 5 seconds, and high-frequency acquisition is beneficial to high precision of the fire information;
the number n of samples for acquiring the fire information is more than or equal to 30, if the number of samples is too small, the meaning of the average value can be lost,
the fire sequence includes a fire source location sequence, a fire range sequence, and a fire type sequence.
When the first fire source position appears, the position of the fire detecting instrument corresponding to the abnormal environment data, which is far away from the first fire source position and is located in the fire range, generated by the circuit problem is taken as the second fire source position.
Under normal conditions, if a cable is nearby after the first fire source position appears, the cable can be timely powered off by ground service, so that the possibility of the second fire source position appearing due to circuit problems is small, the distance between the second fire source position and the fire range where the first fire source position is located due to fire drift is not too long, sample data change in a fire source position sequence is small, and a homogeneous prediction model of the fire source position constructed by using the fire source position information does not have a prediction characteristic.
The homogeneous prediction model for constructing the fire range by utilizing the fire range in the fire information specifically comprises the following steps:
by means of acquisitionThe fire range of the n groups of fire information is taken to form a fire range sequence,
wherein t is the time of collecting the sample;
calculating the mean value of n groups of samples in the fire range sequence
；
Generating a homography function using the mean of n sets of samples
，/>
Int represents a rounding function, and a plurality of homography functions can be obtained; />
Extending the domain of the homography function definition to the time number axis to obtain the homography function
establishing a homogeneous prediction model of the fire range by using the extended homogeneous function and a time number axis;
wherein, the time interval for acquiring each group of fire information is less than 5 seconds.
The fire type in the fire information is utilized to construct a homogeneous prediction model of the fire type, a time axis is fused on the homogeneous prediction model of the fire range, and the temperature data and the ignition point of the cable are judged.
And fusing the homogeneous prediction model of the fire source position, the homogeneous prediction model of the fire range and the homogeneous prediction model of the fire type to obtain the homogeneous prediction model of the fire.
Step 15 specifically includes:
step 151: selecting a prediction time node;
step 152: obtaining predicted fire information of the selected predicted time node by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the selection of the prediction time node is related to the time point of the fire detection instrument for finding the fire and the train number information, and specifically, the maximum value of the time points for finding the fire plus all subways in the transfer station to the station time is taken as the prediction time node.
The step 2 specifically comprises the following steps:
judging whether the fire type in the predicted fire information is electrified fire or not under the predicted time node,
if so, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range and a range covered by a cable having a cable fire condition,
otherwise, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range;
the range covered by the cable with the cable ignition condition comprises a range covered by a cable laying route and a range covered by electrical equipment connected to the cable, specifically, the covered range refers to a range of radiation of the cable or the electrical equipment after electric leakage, and the size of the radiation range is related to the voltage of the electric leakage cable and the peripheral conductive material.
The step 3 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 31: acquiring a passenger traveling planning route set of a rail traffic unit to a transfer station;
step 32: and solving a non-obtained safe evacuation route set for the dangerous traveling range by using the passenger traveling planning route set.
The step 4 specifically comprises the following steps:
step 41: making an evacuation map by utilizing the safe evacuation route set;
step 42: transmitting the evacuation map to the interviewee;
step 43: the passengers in the interfered personnel are safely evacuated according to the guidance of the evacuation map;
wherein the personnel under intervention include passengers, drivers and ground service; passengers for whom the evacuation map expression information is not clear cannot be unauthorized to perform evacuation behavior.
If the subway waiting area is not in the safe evacuation route set, a subway driver cannot open the vehicle door.
In the safe evacuation mode, the dangerous traveling range can be marked by means of lamplight so as to strengthen the warning effect.
The preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail above with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited to the specific details of the above embodiments, and various equivalent changes can be made to the technical solutions of the present invention within the scope of the technical concept of the present invention, and all such equivalent changes belong to the scope of the present invention.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a method, system, or computer program product. Accordingly, the present invention may take the form of an entirely hardware embodiment, an entirely software embodiment or an embodiment combining software and hardware aspects. Furthermore, the present invention may take the form of a computer program product embodied on one or more computer-usable storage media having computer-usable program code embodied therein.
In the embodiments provided in the present application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners. The above-described apparatus embodiments are merely illustrative, for example, the division of the units is merely a logical function division, and there may be other manners of division in actual implementation, and for example, multiple units or components may be combined or integrated into another system, or some features may be omitted, or not performed. Alternatively, the coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed with each other may be through some communication interface, device or unit indirect coupling or communication connection, which may be in electrical, mechanical or other form.
Claims (9)
1. The simulated fire evacuation method for the urban rail transit large transfer station is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
step 1: acquiring real-time fire information in a transfer station and simulating and predicting the fire information;
step 2: obtaining a dangerous traveling range by using the predicted fire information;
step 3: obtaining a safe evacuation route set by using the dangerous travelling range;
step 4: and guiding the safe evacuation of passengers by using the safe evacuation route set.
2. A simulated fire evacuation method of a large transfer station of urban rail transit as claimed in claim 1, wherein said obtaining real-time fire information and simulating predicted fire information in said transfer station comprises:
step 11: acquiring real-time environmental data in a transfer station;
step 12: judging whether the environmental data exceeds a safety threshold, if so, obtaining abnormal environmental data, otherwise, obtaining normal environmental data;
step 13: obtaining fire information by using the abnormal environment data;
step 14: constructing a homogeneous prediction model of fire by using the fire information;
step 15: obtaining predicted fire information by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the real-time environmental data in the transfer station are acquired by fire detection instruments uniformly distributed in the transfer station, and the environmental data comprise temperature data, smoke data, gas data and radiation light intensity data.
3. The simulated fire evacuation method of a large transfer station of urban rail transit as claimed in claim 2, wherein said obtaining fire information using abnormal environmental data comprises:
step 131: taking the installation position of a fire detecting instrument which firstly collects abnormal environment data as a fire source position;
step 132: taking an area surrounded by the installation positions of all the fire detection instruments for acquiring abnormal environment data as a fire range;
step 133: obtaining fire types by utilizing the fire range and the cable ignition condition;
step 134: the location of the fire source, the range of the fire, and the type of the fire are taken as fire information.
4. A simulated fire evacuation method of a large transfer site for urban rail transit as claimed in claim 3, wherein said deriving a fire type using a fire range and cable fire conditions comprises:
when a cable is laid in the fire range, judging whether the cable in the fire range has a fire condition, if so, determining that the fire type is electrified fire, otherwise, determining that the fire type is uncharged fire;
when no cable is laid in the fire range, the fire type is an uncharged fire.
5. The simulated fire evacuation method of a large transfer station of urban rail transit of claim 4, wherein said constructing a homogeneous prediction model of fire using fire information comprises:
step 141: constructing a fire sequence by using the acquired n groups of fire information;
step 142: calculating the average value of n groups of samples in the fire sequence;
step 143: generating a homography function by using the average value of n groups of samples;
step 144: extending the homography function definition domain to a time number axis to obtain a continuation homography function;
step 145: establishing a homogeneous prediction model of the fire condition by using the extended homogeneous function and a time number axis;
wherein, the time interval for acquiring each group of fire information is less than 5 seconds,
the number n of samples for acquiring fire information is more than or equal to 30,
the fire sequence includes a fire source location sequence, a fire range sequence, and a fire type sequence.
6. The method for simulating fire evacuation at a large transfer site of urban rail transit according to claim 5, wherein obtaining predicted fire information using a homogeneous prediction model of fire comprises:
step 151: selecting a prediction time node;
step 152: obtaining predicted fire information of the selected predicted time node by using a homogeneous prediction model of the fire;
the selection of the prediction time node is related to the time point and the train number information of the fire disaster detected by the fire disaster detecting instrument.
7. A simulated fire evacuation method of a large transfer site of urban rail transit as claimed in claim 6, wherein said deriving a dangerous travel range using predicted fire information comprises:
judging whether the fire type in the predicted fire information is electrified fire or not under the predicted time node,
if so, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range and a range covered by a cable having a cable fire condition,
otherwise, the dangerous traveling range is a predicted fire range;
the range covered by the cable with the cable ignition condition comprises a range covered by a cable laying route and a range covered by electrical equipment connected to the cable.
8. A simulated fire evacuation method of a urban rail transit mass transfer station as claimed in claim 7, wherein said deriving a safe evacuation route using a dangerous travel range comprises:
step 31: acquiring a passenger traveling planning route set of a rail traffic unit to a transfer station;
step 32: and solving a non-obtained safe evacuation route set for the dangerous traveling range by using the passenger traveling planning route set.
9. A simulated fire evacuation method of a urban rail transit mass transfer station as claimed in claim 8, wherein said guiding said safe evacuation of passengers using said set of safe evacuation routes comprises:
step 41: making an evacuation map by utilizing the safe evacuation route set;
step 42: transmitting the evacuation map to the interviewee;
step 43: the passengers in the interfered personnel are safely evacuated according to the guidance of the evacuation map;
wherein the personnel under intervention include passengers, drivers and ground service; passengers for whom the evacuation map expression information is not clear cannot be unauthorized to perform evacuation behavior.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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