CN116106963A - Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system - Google Patents

Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system Download PDF

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CN116106963A
CN116106963A CN202310114049.9A CN202310114049A CN116106963A CN 116106963 A CN116106963 A CN 116106963A CN 202310114049 A CN202310114049 A CN 202310114049A CN 116106963 A CN116106963 A CN 116106963A
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particle radiation
radiation detector
channel
output
readout
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于向前
王游龙
王玲华
陈鸿飞
施伟红
陈傲
王永福
杨芯
宗秋刚
邹鸿
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Peking University
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
    • G01T1/246—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors utilizing latent read-out, e.g. charge stored and read-out later
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
    • G01T1/16—Measuring radiation intensity
    • G01T1/24—Measuring radiation intensity with semiconductor detectors
    • G01T1/247—Detector read-out circuitry
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
    • G01T7/00—Details of radiation-measuring instruments

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  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Radiation (AREA)

Abstract

Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system, wherein the readout circuit is adapted to be coupled with a particle radiation detector, comprising a buffer module and a readout module, wherein: the buffer module comprises a plurality of output channels, is coupled between the output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the particle radiation detector from the corresponding output channels to the readout module; the readout module comprises a plurality of readout channels, is coupled with the plurality of output channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on output signals of the particle radiation detector. By adopting the scheme, the particle radiation detection with high precision can be realized, and meanwhile, the particle radiation detection with different energy ranges and the particle radiation detector matched with different capacitances can be considered.

Description

Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system
Technical Field
The embodiment of the specification relates to the technical field of space particle radiation detection, in particular to a particle radiation detector reading circuit and a particle radiation detector detection system.
Background
Particle radiation detector readout application specific integrated circuits are widely used for their high performance and low resource consumption.
However, since the energy detection range of the existing particle radiation detector readout asic and the optimal input detector capacitance are fixed and cannot be directly changed, the existing particle radiation detector readout asic cannot be applied to particle radiation detection in different energy ranges and cannot be matched with particle radiation detectors of different capacitances.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a particle radiation detector readout circuit and a detection system, which can realize high-precision particle radiation detection while simultaneously achieving particle radiation detection in different energy ranges and particle radiation detectors with different capacitances.
First, embodiments of the present specification provide a particle radiation detector readout circuit adapted to be coupled to a particle radiation detector, comprising a buffer module and a readout module, wherein:
the buffer module comprises a plurality of output channels, is coupled between the output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the particle radiation detector from the corresponding output channels to the readout module;
the readout module comprises a plurality of readout channels, is coupled with the plurality of output channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on output signals of the particle radiation detector.
Optionally, the buffer module includes a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein:
the buffer unit is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector;
the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels adapted to transmit the output signals of the buffer unit from the respective output channels to the readout module.
Optionally, the buffer unit includes:
the grid electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector, the drain electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with a power supply, and the source electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the channel expansion unit;
and the bias resistor is coupled between the power supply and the drain electrode of the junction field effect transistor.
Optionally, the channel expansion unit includes:
the channel resistors are sequentially connected between the source electrode of the junction field effect transistor and the ground in series;
and a plurality of output channels, each output channel being arranged between a corresponding channel resistor and the readout channel.
Optionally, at least some of the plurality of channel resistors have adjustable resistance values.
Optionally, the buffer module further includes:
and a coupling capacitor coupled between the corresponding channel resistor and the read channel.
Optionally, the capacitance of the coupling capacitance is larger than the capacitance of the particle radiation detector.
Optionally, the readout module comprises a readout channel; the read-out channel comprises an amplifying unit and a feedback unit, wherein:
the amplifying unit is arranged on the corresponding reading channel and is suitable for amplifying signals output by the corresponding output channel;
the feedback unit is coupled between the output end and the input end of the amplifying unit and is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on signals output by the output channel.
Optionally, the amplifying unit comprises a charge sensitive amplifier.
Optionally, the feedback unit includes: feedback resistance and feedback capacitance, wherein:
the feedback resistor is connected with the charge sensitive amplifier in parallel;
the feedback capacitor is connected in parallel with the charge sensitive amplifier.
The embodiments of the present specification also provide a particle radiation detection system, comprising:
a particle radiation detector adapted to detect particle radiation energy;
a particle radiation detector readout circuit coupled to the particle radiation detector, adapted to employ the readout circuit of any of the preceding embodiments;
and the control module is coupled with the particle radiation detector readout circuit, is suitable for controlling the particle radiation detector readout circuit to read the output signal of the particle radiation detector through a readout channel with a matched range, and outputs a particle radiation detection result based on the output signal of the particle radiation detector.
Optionally, the particle radiation detector readout circuit includes: the buffer module comprises a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein: the buffer unit is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector; the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the buffer unit from the corresponding output channels to the read-out module;
the particle radiation detector and the buffer unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit are coupled by a wire.
The particle radiation detector readout circuit provided by the embodiment of the specification is suitable for being coupled with a particle radiation detector, and comprises a buffer module and a readout module, wherein the buffer module comprises a plurality of output channels and is coupled between the output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module, and the buffer module is used for transmitting output signals of the particle radiation detector from the corresponding output channels to the readout module, so that impedance/capacitance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the readout module can be prevented; the readout module comprises a plurality of readout channels, the readout channels are coupled with the plurality of output channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, corresponding output channels are selected based on the energy of the output signals of the particle radiation detector, and then particle radiation detection results are output through the readout channels coupled with the output channels, so that particle radiation detection in different energy ranges and particle radiation detectors matched with different capacitances can be considered while high-precision particle radiation detection is realized.
Further, the buffer module may include a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein the buffer unit is coupled to an output end of the particle radiation detector, and the buffer unit reads out an output signal of the particle radiation detector, so that impedance/capacitive mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the readout module may be prevented; the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels, and transmits output signals of the buffer unit to the readout module from the corresponding output channels, so that particle radiation detection in different energy ranges can be performed, and the readout circuit is unsaturated when particle radiation detection in a large energy range is performed, and has high precision when particle radiation detection in a small energy range is performed.
Further, the buffer unit may include a junction field effect transistor source and a bias resistor, wherein a gate of the junction field effect transistor source is coupled to an output terminal of the particle radiation detector, a drain thereof is coupled to a power source, and a source thereof is coupled to the channel expansion unit; the bias resistor is coupled between the power supply and the drain electrode of the source electrode of the junction field effect transistor, and the output signal of the particle radiation detector is converted and output through the junction field effect transistor, so that impedance/capacitance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the reading module can be prevented, and the accuracy of particle radiation detection results is improved. In addition, the problem of mismatching of the capacitance between the particle radiation detector and the readout circuit can also be avoided by adjusting the junction capacitance of the junction field effect transistor.
Further, the channel expansion unit may include a plurality of channel resistors and a plurality of output channels, wherein each channel resistor is sequentially connected in series between the source of the junction field effect transistor and ground; each output channel is arranged between a corresponding channel resistor and a readout channel, and the output signals of the particle radiation detector are transmitted from the corresponding output channel to the readout channel coupled with the output channel through the channel resistor, so that the particle radiation detector is simple in structure, easy to realize and beneficial to detection and maintenance of the readout circuit.
Further, by setting the resistance value of at least part of the resistors in the plurality of channel resistors to be adjustable, the energy detection range of each readout channel can be adjusted, so that the flexibility of the readout circuit can be increased, particle radiation detection in different energy ranges can be realized, higher resolution can be obtained through the readout channel with smaller energy detection range, and unsaturation during particle radiation detection in a large energy range can be ensured through the readout channel with larger energy detection range.
Further, the buffer module may further include a coupling capacitor coupled between the corresponding channel resistor and the readout channel, and the range of the readout channel may be adjusted by using the coupling capacitor, so as to adjust the sensitivity of the readout circuit of the particle radiation detector, thereby further improving the accuracy of the particle radiation detection result.
Further, by setting the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor to be larger than that of the particle radiation detector, the readout circuit can obtain particle radiation detection results more easily, and performance of the readout circuit is improved.
Further, the readout channels may include an amplifying unit and a feedback unit, wherein the amplifying unit is disposed at the corresponding readout channel, and may amplify the signal output by the corresponding output channel through the amplifying unit; the feedback unit is coupled between the output end and the input end of the amplifying unit, is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on signals output by the output channel, has a simple structure, is easy to realize, and is beneficial to detection and maintenance of the reading circuit.
Further, the feedback unit may include a feedback resistor and a feedback capacitor, wherein the feedback resistor is connected in parallel with the charge sensitive amplifier; and the feedback capacitor is connected with the charge sensitive amplifier in parallel, so that particle radiation detection results can be output based on signals output by the output channel.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present application or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are required to be used in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly described below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only embodiments of the present application, and that other drawings may be obtained according to the provided drawings without inventive effort to a person skilled in the art.
Fig. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of another particle radiation detector readout circuit in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing a specific structure of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 4 shows a schematic structural diagram of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the structure of a read channel in the embodiment of the present specification;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the output voltage amplitude of a particle radiation detector readout circuit versus the capacitance of the particle radiation detector in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the amplitude of the output voltage of a particle radiation detector readout circuit and the coupling capacitance in the embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram showing the amplitude of the output voltage of a particle radiation detector readout circuit for a different particle radiation detector capacitance in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the amplitude of the output voltage of a particle radiation detector readout circuit in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 10 shows a schematic structural diagram of a particle radiation detection system in an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram showing a specific structure of a particle radiation detection system according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;
FIG. 12 is a graph showing normalized output voltage versus coupling capacitance for a particle radiation detection system in accordance with an embodiment of the present disclosure;
fig. 13 shows a schematic diagram of normalized output voltage versus capacitance of a particle radiation detector of a particle radiation detection system in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
Detailed Description
As mentioned in the background, particle radiation detector readout application specific integrated circuits (Application specific integrated circuit, ASIC) are widely used for their high performance and low resource consumption. However, the energy detection range and the optimal input detector capacitance of the existing particle radiation detector readout asic are fixed and cannot be directly changed, so that the existing particle radiation detector readout asic cannot be suitable for particle radiation detection in different energy ranges and cannot be matched with particle radiation detectors with different capacitances.
For example, the nuclear application electronic readout device (Readout Electronics for Nuclear Applications, RENA-3) is a 36-channel charge sensitive amplifier/shaper integrated circuit with trigger output, a monolithic integrated circuit developed specifically for X-ray and gamma ray detection in various applications such as space physics research and medical imaging. The input signal charge amount of RENA3 is 54fC at maximum, which corresponds to an energy detection range of 1.2MeV in a silicon detector, and the optimal input detector capacitance is 2pF or 9pF, which is only suitable for small-area thick detectors.
RENA-3 was selected for interplanetary ultra low noise three-dimensional highAnd the energy particle instrument is used for detecting the interplanetary energy electrons and protons. The instrument includes a set of 4 layer x 5 pixel silicon semiconductor detector arrays. The thickness of the 4-layer detector is 100um, 500um and 300um, respectively, each layer has 5 pixels, and the area is about 1cm 2 . RENA-3 can cover the electron channel energy detection range of an instrument with a maximum deposition energy of about 1 MeV. However, it cannot meet the energy detection range requirement for detecting protons, and its maximum deposition energy is about 12MeV. Thus, for proton detection, the detectable energy range must be extended at least ten times. Furthermore, the high detector capacitance (up to tens or even hundreds of pF) does not match the optimal input capacitance of RENA-3, 2pF or 9 pF.
In view of the foregoing, embodiments of the present disclosure provide a particle radiation detector readout circuit, adapted to be coupled to a particle radiation detector, including a buffer module and a readout module, where the buffer module includes a plurality of output channels, and is coupled between an output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module, and the buffer module is configured to transmit an output signal of the particle radiation detector from the corresponding output channel to the readout module, so as to prevent impedance/capacitive impedance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the readout module; the readout module comprises a plurality of readout channels, is coupled with the plurality of output channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, selects a corresponding output channel based on the energy of an output signal of the particle radiation detector, and further outputs a particle radiation detection result through the readout channels coupled with the output channels, so that particle radiation detection in different energy ranges can be considered while high-precision particle radiation detection is realized, and meanwhile, the problem of mismatching between an optimal input capacitor (2 pF or 9 pF) of RENA-3 and a detector capacitor (up to tens or hundreds of pF) is solved.
For a better understanding and to be obtained by anyone skilled in the art to practice the embodiments of the present description, the following detailed description is of the concepts, solutions, principles and advantages of the embodiments of the present description, etc. with reference to the drawings, by way of specific examples of application.
First, the present embodiment provides a particle radiation detector readout circuit, referring to a schematic structural diagram of the particle radiation detector readout circuit shown in fig. 1, where the particle radiation detector readout circuit a is adapted to be coupled to a particle radiation detector D, and may include: a buffer module A1 and a readout module A2, wherein:
the buffer module A1 comprises a plurality of output channels A111-A11 n, is coupled between the output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module A2, and is suitable for transmitting the output signal of the particle radiation detector D from the corresponding output channel to the readout module A2;
the readout module A2 includes a plurality of readout channels a211 to a21n, and is coupled to the plurality of output channels a111 to a11n in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and is adapted to output a particle radiation detection result based on an output signal of the particle radiation detector D.
By adopting the particle radiation detector readout circuit, the corresponding output channels A111-A11 n are selected based on the energy of the output signal of the particle radiation detector D, and then particle radiation detection results are output through the readout channels A211-A21 n coupled with the output channels A111-A11 n, so that the particle radiation detection with high precision can be realized, and particle radiation detectors with different energy ranges and matched with different capacitances can be considered at the same time.
For a better understanding and implementation by a person skilled in the art, the specific structure of the buffer module is described below by some specific examples.
In an implementation, referring to a schematic structural diagram of another readout circuit of a particle radiation detector shown in fig. 2, the buffer module A1 may include a buffer unit a12 and a channel expansion unit a13, where:
the buffer unit A12 is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector;
the channel expansion unit a13 comprises a plurality of output channels a 111-a 11n, adapted to transmit the output signals of the buffer unit from the respective output channels a 111-a 11n to the readout module A2.
By adopting the particle radiation detector readout circuit, the output signal of the particle radiation detector is read out through the buffer unit A12, so that impedance/capacitance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the readout module A2 can be prevented; the output signals of the buffer unit A12 are transmitted from the corresponding output channels A111-A11 n to the readout module A2 through the channel expansion unit A13, so that particle radiation detection in different energy ranges can be performed, the condition that the readout circuit is unsaturated when particle radiation detection in a large energy range is performed can be ensured, and the readout circuit has high precision when particle radiation detection in a small energy range is performed.
In some embodiments of the present specification, the buffer unit a12 may include:
the grid electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector, the drain electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with a power supply, and the source electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the channel expansion unit;
and the bias resistor is coupled between the power supply and the drain electrode of the junction field effect transistor.
By adopting the embodiment, the output signal of the particle radiation detector is converted and output through the junction field effect transistor, and impedance/capacitance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the reading module can be prevented, so that the accuracy of particle radiation detection results is improved. In addition, the problem of mismatching of the capacitance between the particle radiation detector and the readout circuit can also be avoided by adjusting the junction capacitance of the junction field effect transistor.
As a specific example, referring to a specific schematic structural diagram of a particle radiation detector readout circuit shown in fig. 3, a buffer unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit a includes:
a P-channel Junction Field-Effect Transistor (JFET), the gate G of which is coupled to the output of the particle radiation detector, the drain D of which is coupled to the power supply VDD, and the source S of which is coupled to the channel expansion unit;
and a bias resistor R1 is coupled between the power supply VDD and the drain D of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET.
With the above embodiment, the charge signal output by the particle radiation detector is integrated on the equivalent input capacitance of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET gate G, which converts the charge into a voltage in the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET, and a low impedance output signal is obtained at the source S of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET. Therefore, impedance mismatch between the particle radiation detector and the readout module can be prevented, thereby improving the accuracy of particle radiation detection results. In addition, the problem of mismatching of the capacitance between the particle radiation detector and the reading circuit can be avoided by adjusting the junction capacitance of the P-channel junction field effect transistor to be matched with the capacitance of the particle radiation detector.
It is to be understood that the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited to junction field effect transistor types, and N-channel junction field effect transistors may be used in implementations.
In some embodiments of the present specification, the channel expansion unit a13 may include:
the channel resistors are sequentially connected between the source electrode of the junction field effect transistor and the ground in series;
and a plurality of output channels, each output channel being arranged between a corresponding channel resistor and the readout channel.
By adopting the embodiment, the output signals of the particle radiation detector are transmitted from the corresponding output channels to the readout channels coupled with the output channels through the channel resistors, so that the particle radiation detector has a simple structure, is easy to realize, and is beneficial to detection and maintenance of the readout circuits.
As a specific example, with continued reference to fig. 3, the channel expansion unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit a shown may include:
a channel resistor R2, the first end of which is coupled to the source S of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET;
a channel resistor R3 having a first end coupled to the second end of the channel resistor R2 and a second end coupled to ground;
an output channel CH1 coupled between the first end of the channel resistor R2 and the corresponding readout channel;
the output channel CH2 is coupled between the first end of the channel resistor R3 and the corresponding readout channel.
By adopting the above embodiment, the output of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET is divided into two paths of output by the channel resistor R2 and the channel resistor R3, one path of output is transmitted from the output channel CH1 to the readout channel coupled to the output channel CH1, the other path of output is transmitted from the output channel CH2 to the readout channel coupled to the output channel CH2, and the two readout channels respectively correspond to different energy detection ranges.
It is to be understood that the number of output channels included in the channel expansion unit is not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present disclosure, as long as a corresponding channel resistance is set for each output channel.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the buffer module may further include a coupling capacitor coupled between the corresponding channel resistor and the readout channel, and through the coupling capacitor, a range of the readout channel may be adjusted, so as to adjust sensitivity of the readout circuit of the particle radiation detector, so that accuracy of a particle radiation detection result may be further improved.
In particular, when the coupling capacitance is the same as the capacitance of the particle radiation detector, the sensitivity of the particle radiation detector readout circuit remains unchanged; when the coupling capacitance is larger than the capacitance of the particle radiation detector, the measuring range of the readout channel can be shortened, and the sensitivity of the readout circuit of the particle radiation detector can be increased.
As a specific example, reference is made to a schematic diagram of the principle structure of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector shown in fig. 4, in which a capacitor C D And current generator i D Parallel connection is used as a theoretical model of the particle radiation detector and passes through a bias resistor R b Biasing is performed. When particles are injected into the particle radiation detector, the particle radiation detector outputs an electric charge quantity Q in 。C gs Is the grid-source electrode junction capacitance of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET, C gd Grid-drain electrode junction capacitance g of P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET m Is the transconductance of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET. Resistor R1 is used to bias the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET. The output of the Source of the P-channel junction field effect transistor (JFET SF) is split into two outputs by resistors R2 and R3. One output is passed through coupling capacitor C n1 AC-coupled to Charge-sensing amplifier CSA1 (Charge-Sensitive Amplifier, CSA), C f1 And R is f1 Is the feedback capacitance and resistance of the charge sense amplifier CSA1, the other output is connected with the coupling capacitor C n2 Ac coupled to charge-sensing amplifier CSA2, C f2 And R is f2 Is the feedback capacitance and resistance of the charge sense amplifier CSA 2. Charge quantity Q generated when particles are incident on particle radiation detector in Is integrated onto the capacitance of the input terminal of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET and then discharged through the RC equivalent circuit of the input node. R is the equivalent resistance at the node through which the leakage current flows. C=c D +C gd +C gs Is the total capacitance seen at the input. This configuration is characterized by a low output resistance and can drive higher loads, including capacitive loads, thereby allowing longer connections between the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET output and the CSA input, making the design of the readout circuit more flexible and more stable. Readout circuits employing P-channel junction field effect transistor JFETs can also be applied to large area detectors with high junction capacitance.
Will amplify the rate A 1 Defined as U sf And Q in (input charge of JFET), wherein U sf Representing the variation of source output of the source electrode of the P-channel junction field effect transistor, Q in The input charge representing the P-channel junction field effect transistor is:
Figure BDA0004078380120000101
when g m (R 2 +R 3 ) When > 1, then there is:
Figure BDA0004078380120000111
when the charge sense amplifier CSA1 is regarded as an ideal component, the capacitor C is coupled n1 The output charge of (1), i.e. the input charge of the charge sense amplifier CSA is defined as Q out1 It is expressed as:
Figure BDA0004078380120000112
wherein Q is out1 And input charge signal Q in Proportional to the ratio. However, the gain of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET is not exactly equal to 1 in practical situations, and thus there is a deviation from the ideal output. The signal is amplified by a factor of C n1 /(C D +C gd ) The coefficient can be determined by selecting a large coupling capacitance C n1 To be amplified. The signal can be amplified by a P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET to obtain a higher amplitude signal that is less susceptible to interference and removes noise. By increasing the coupling capacitance C n1 The effective input capacitance of the charge sense amplifier CSA1 and the influence of the stray capacitance of the conductive line can be reduced, so that a longer conductive line can be used between the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET and the charge sense amplifier CSA, and the design of the readout circuit is more flexible and stable.
It can be understood that each output of the JFET source has the same principle, and will not be described in detail here.
As a specific example, with continued reference to fig. 3, the buffering module of the particle radiation detector readout circuit a is shown further comprising:
coupling capacitor C n1 Coupled between the channel resistor R2 and the corresponding read channel;
coupling capacitor C n2 Coupled between the channel resistor R3 and the corresponding sense channel.
In particular implementation, by adjusting the coupling capacitance C n1 And/or coupling capacitance C n2 The corresponding read channel range can be changed, and when the coupling capacitance is larger than that of the particle radiation detector, the corresponding read channel can be shortenedThe measuring range of the channel increases the sensitivity of the particle radiation detector readout circuit, so that the accuracy of the particle radiation detection result can be further improved.
In a specific implementation, the resistance of at least part of the resistors in the plurality of channel resistors is adjustable, and the energy detection range of each readout channel can be adjusted by setting the resistance of at least part of the resistors in the plurality of channel resistors to increase the flexibility of the readout circuit, so that particle radiation detection in different energy ranges is realized, higher resolution can be obtained through the readout channel with smaller energy detection range, and unsaturation during particle radiation detection in a large energy range can be ensured through the readout channel with larger energy detection range.
It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the present description do not impose a particular limitation on the energy detection range of each readout channel.
Specifically, with continued reference to FIG. 4, the output of the P-channel junction field effect transistor JFET source is split into two outputs U by resistor R2 and resistor R3 sf And U2.
Wherein U2 may be represented as:
Figure BDA0004078380120000121
when C n1 ＝C n2 ＝C n When the method is used, the following steps are:
Figure BDA0004078380120000122
from the above formula, the energy detection range of the corresponding readout channel can be enlarged by adjusting the resistance values of the resistor R2 and the resistor R3, so that the flexibility of the readout circuit can be increased, particle radiation detection in different energy ranges can be realized, higher resolution can be obtained through the readout channel with smaller energy detection range, and unsaturation during particle radiation detection in a large energy range can be ensured through the readout channel with larger energy detection range. For example, for inter-planetary ultra-low noise three-dimensional high energy particlesRENA-3 used in the instrument, if the particle deposition energy is less than 1.2MeV, uses the original channel Q that can achieve higher resolution out1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the If the particle deposition energy is greater than 1.2MeV, the range expansion channel Q is used out2 To ensure output unsaturation.
In a specific implementation, the capacitance value of the coupling capacitor may be larger than the capacitance value of the particle radiation detector, so that the readout circuit can obtain the particle radiation detection result more easily, and the performance of the readout circuit is improved.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to a schematic diagram of a readout channel structure shown in fig. 5, the readout module A2 includes readout channels a21 to A2n; the readout channel A2n includes an amplifying unit M2n and a feedback unit F2n, wherein:
the amplifying unit M2n is arranged on the corresponding reading channel and is suitable for amplifying signals output by the corresponding output channel;
the feedback unit F2n is coupled between the output end and the input end of the amplifying unit M2n, and is adapted to output a particle radiation detection result based on the signal output by the output channel.
With the above embodiment, the signal output by the corresponding output channel can be amplified by the amplifying unit M2 n; the particle radiation detection result is output based on the signal output by the output channel through the feedback unit F2n, so that the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, and the detection and the maintenance of the readout circuit are facilitated.
In some embodiments of the present description, with continued reference to fig. 3, the amplifying unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit a may include a charge sensitive amplifier.
In other embodiments of the present disclosure, with continued reference to fig. 3, for convenience of description, taking a readout channel coupled to the output channel CH1 as an example, the feedback unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit a may include: feedback resistor R f1 And feedback capacitance C f1 Wherein:
the feedback resistor R f1 Connected in parallel with the charge sense amplifier CSA 1;
the feedback capacitorC f1 In parallel with the charge sense amplifier CSA 1.
By adopting the embodiment, the particle radiation detection result can be output based on the signal output by the output channel.
The effects of the present invention are described in detail below by simulation examples.
With continued reference to FIG. 3, in this simulation example, the pulse signal source pulse and the capacitor C in Simulating a charge signal generated by particles incident on the particle radiation detector. Wherein the amplitude of the pulse signal source pulse is 1mV, and the capacitor C in If the value of (1 pF) is 1mv×1pf=10, the resulting charge is 1mv×1pf=10 -15 C, which corresponds to a deposition energy of 22.625keV produced by particles incident on the particle radiation detector. R is R D Is the resistance of the particle radiation detector. C (C) D Is the equivalent capacitance of the particle radiation detector. Channel resistance R 2 And channel resistance R 3 The resistance of the channel resistor R is 4.14kΩ and 0.46kΩ, respectively 3 Output V of the corresponding read channel (read channel 2) out2 The amplitude of (a) is the channel resistance R 2 Output V of the corresponding read channel (read channel 1) out1 One tenth of the amplitude of (a) can realize the channel resistance R 3 The energy detection range of the corresponding read channel is extended by a factor of 10. C (C) n1 And C n2 Is a coupling capacitance. Feedback resistor R f1 And R is f2 The resistance values of (2) are 1.2G omega. Feedback capacitor C f1 And C f2 The capacity values of (2) are 60fF.
Referring to FIG. 6, a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the amplitude of the output voltage of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector and the capacitance of the particle radiation detector is shown, wherein V is as shown in FIG. 6 when the coupling capacitance is kept constant out1 And V out2 All along with the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector D Is increased and decreased, V out2 Is about V out1 One tenth of the capacitance C for different particle radiation detectors D The use of the same coupling capacitance will result in a significant change in the output signal of the read channel.
Output voltage amplitude of a particle radiation detector readout circuit as shown with reference to fig. 7Schematic diagram of the relationship with coupling capacitance, as shown in FIG. 7, when the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector is maintained D At a constant value, V out1 And V out2 All along with the coupling capacitance C n1 And C n2 Increase by increase, V out2 Is about V out1 Changing the coupling capacitance corresponds to changing the amplification factor so that the range of the read channel is not limited by the amplitude of the input charge signal sent to the pre-amplifier. However, the value of the coupling capacitance is limited by two factors: the time required for the junction field effect transistor JFET to charge the coupling capacitance is the maximum amplitude of the charge signal sent as input to the charge sense amplifier CSA.
Referring to FIG. 8, a schematic diagram of the amplitude of the output voltage of the particle radiation detector readout circuit under a different particle radiation detector capacitance is shown, as shown in FIG. 8, when the coupling capacitance C is maintained n1 And C n2 When the value of (C) is equal to the capacitance of the particle radiation detector, the capacitance C for the different particle radiation detectors D ，V out1 Almost no variation, almost the same output voltage can be obtained from different particle radiation detectors.
Referring to FIG. 9, a schematic diagram of the amplitude of the output voltage of a readout circuit of a particle radiation detector is shown, as shown in FIG. 9, when the coupling capacitance C n1 And C n2 Is equal to the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector D V at the value of (2) out1 Is normally output, and V out2 Is about V out1 Indicating that the energy detection range of the read channel 2 can be extended by a factor of 10. V (V) out1 And V out2 The shape of the waveform, including rise time, fall time and half-peak width, is almost the same except for the magnitude of the amplitude, which shows that the invention can easily change the energy detection range of particle radiation detection.
For convenience of implementation, the embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a particle radiation detection system, referring to a schematic structural diagram of a particle radiation detection system shown in fig. 10, the particle radiation detection system T may include:
a particle radiation detector D adapted to detect particle radiation energy;
a particle radiation detector readout circuit a coupled to said particle radiation detector D, adapted to employ a readout circuit according to any of the preceding embodiments;
and the control module C is coupled with the particle radiation detector reading circuit A, is suitable for controlling the particle radiation detector reading circuit A to read the output signal of the particle radiation detector through a reading channel with a matched range, and outputs a particle radiation detection result based on the output signal of the particle radiation detector.
By adopting the particle radiation detection system, particles are injected into the particle radiation detector D, and then the control module C controls the particle radiation detector reading circuit A to read the output signal of the particle radiation detector through the reading channel with the matched range based on the energy of the output signal of the particle radiation detector D, and outputs the particle radiation detection result based on the output signal of the particle radiation detector, so that the particle radiation detection with different energy ranges and the particle radiation detector with different matched capacitors can be realized while the high-precision particle radiation detection is realized.
In an implementation, the particle radiation detector readout circuit a may include: the buffer module comprises a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein: the buffer unit is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector; the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the buffer unit from the corresponding output channels to the read-out module;
the particle radiation detector and the buffer unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit are coupled by a wire.
By adopting the embodiment, the particle radiation detector and the buffer unit of the particle radiation detector reading circuit are coupled through the lead, the structure is simple, the implementation is easy, and the particle radiation detector reading circuit can be flexibly designed according to different particle radiation detection requirements.
The operation of the particle radiation detection system is described in detail below by way of a specific example.
Referring to a specific structural schematic diagram of a particle radiation detection system shown in fig. 11, a particle radiation detector D is coupled to a particle radiation detector readout ASIC through a junction field effect transistor JFET. The source output of the JFET source electrode of the junction field effect transistor is divided into two paths of output through a channel resistor R2 and a channel resistor R3, wherein one path of output passes through a coupling capacitor C n1 AC coupling to a separate channel in a particle radiation detector readout application specific integrated circuit ASIC, the other output passing through a coupling capacitor C n2 Ac-coupled to another separate channel in the particle radiation detector readout application specific integrated circuit ASIC, the corresponding voltage signal at the source output of the junction field effect transistor JFET is converted into a charge signal by means of a coupling capacitance and input to the subsequent amplifying and shaping stage AD with low impedance. The control module C uses a field programmable gate array (Field Programmable Gate Array, FPGA) to control the particle radiation detector readout application specific integrated circuit ASIC and the amplification and shaping stage AD circuitry to complete data acquisition.
The effects of the present invention will be described in detail below by analyzing the collected data.
Referring to FIG. 12, a diagram of normalized output voltage versus coupling capacitance for a particle radiation detection system is shown, wherein the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector D Is 51Pf, as shown in FIG. 12, V out1 And V out2 All along with the coupling capacitance C n1 And C n2 Increase by increase, V out1 Is about V out2 One tenth of the amplitude of V out1 Amplitude and V of (2) out2 The amplitude of (a) varies proportionally and synchronously.
Referring to FIG. 13, a diagram of normalized output voltage versus capacitance of a particle radiation detector for a particle radiation detection system is shown, wherein the coupling capacitance C n1 And C n2 The value of (2) and the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector D Equal, as shown in FIG. 13, when the capacitance C of the particle radiation detector D When the change occurs, V out1 Is vibrated by (2)Web sum V out2 Slightly varying amplitude of V out1 Is normally output, and V out2 Is about V out1 Indicating that the energy detection range of the read channel 2 can be extended by a factor of 10.
It will be appreciated that the embodiments of the present description are not particularly limited as to the type of particle radiation detector readout ASIC.
It is understood that the modules and/or units in the embodiments of the present description may be formed by discrete devices or may be implemented by a single electrical chip.
Although the embodiments of the present specification are disclosed above, the present invention is not limited thereto. Various changes and modifications may be made by one skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention, and the scope of the invention should be assessed accordingly to that of the appended claims.

Claims (12)

1. A particle radiation detector readout circuit adapted to be coupled to a particle radiation detector, comprising a buffer module and a readout module, wherein:
the buffer module comprises a plurality of output channels, is coupled between the output end of the particle radiation detector and the readout module, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the particle radiation detector from the corresponding output channels to the readout module;
the readout module comprises a plurality of readout channels, is coupled with the plurality of output channels in a one-to-one correspondence manner, and is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on output signals of the particle radiation detector.
2. The readout circuit of claim 1, wherein the buffer module comprises a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein:
the buffer unit is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector;
the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels adapted to transmit the output signals of the buffer unit from the respective output channels to the readout module.
3. The readout circuit according to claim 2, wherein the buffer unit includes:
the grid electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector, the drain electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with a power supply, and the source electrode of the junction field effect tube is coupled with the channel expansion unit;
and the bias resistor is coupled between the power supply and the drain electrode of the junction field effect transistor.
4. A readout circuit according to claim 3, wherein the channel expansion unit comprises:
the channel resistors are sequentially connected between the source electrode of the junction field effect transistor and the ground in series;
and a plurality of output channels, each output channel being arranged between a corresponding channel resistor and the readout channel.
5. The sensing circuit of claim 4, wherein at least some of the plurality of channel resistors have adjustable resistance values.
6. The sensing circuit of claim 5, wherein the buffer module further comprises:
and a coupling capacitor coupled between the corresponding channel resistor and the read channel.
7. The readout circuit of claim 6, wherein a capacitance of the coupling capacitance is greater than a capacitance of the particle radiation detector.
8. The sensing circuit of claim 1, wherein the sensing module comprises a sensing channel; the read-out channel comprises an amplifying unit and a feedback unit, wherein:
the amplifying unit is arranged on the corresponding reading channel and is suitable for amplifying signals output by the corresponding output channel;
the feedback unit is coupled between the output end and the input end of the amplifying unit and is suitable for outputting particle radiation detection results based on signals output by the output channel.
9. The sensing circuit of claim 8, wherein the amplifying unit comprises a charge sensitive amplifier.
10. The sensing circuit of claim 9, wherein the feedback unit comprises: feedback resistance and feedback capacitance, wherein:
the feedback resistor is connected with the charge sensitive amplifier in parallel;
the feedback capacitor is connected in parallel with the charge sensitive amplifier.
11. A particle radiation detection system, comprising:
a particle radiation detector adapted to detect particle radiation energy;
a particle radiation detector readout circuit coupled to the particle radiation detector, adapted to employ the readout circuit of any one of claims 1-10;
and the control module is coupled with the particle radiation detector readout circuit, is suitable for controlling the particle radiation detector readout circuit to read the output signal of the particle radiation detector through a readout channel with a matched range, and outputs a particle radiation detection result based on the output signal of the particle radiation detector.
12. The detection system according to claim 11, wherein the particle radiation detector readout circuit comprises: the buffer module comprises a buffer unit and a channel expansion unit, wherein: the buffer unit is coupled with the output end of the particle radiation detector and is suitable for reading out the output signal of the particle radiation detector; the channel expansion unit comprises a plurality of output channels, and is suitable for transmitting the output signals of the buffer unit from the corresponding output channels to the read-out module;
the particle radiation detector and the buffer unit of the particle radiation detector readout circuit are coupled by a wire.
CN202310114049.9A 2023-02-06 2023-02-06 Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system Pending CN116106963A (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310114049.9A CN116106963A (en) 2023-02-06 2023-02-06 Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310114049.9A CN116106963A (en) 2023-02-06 2023-02-06 Particle radiation detector readout circuit and detection system

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