CN116100138A - Ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and welding method - Google Patents
Ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116100138A CN116100138A CN202211717412.8A CN202211717412A CN116100138A CN 116100138 A CN116100138 A CN 116100138A CN 202211717412 A CN202211717412 A CN 202211717412A CN 116100138 A CN116100138 A CN 116100138A
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- ultrasonic
- supporting base
- stirring
- assisted
- friction stir
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1265—Non-butt welded joints, e.g. overlap-joints, T-joints or spot welds
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/12—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding
- B23K20/122—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding
- B23K20/1245—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating the heat being generated by friction; Friction welding using a non-consumable tool, e.g. friction stir welding characterised by the apparatus
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/24—Preliminary treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K20/00—Non-electric welding by applying impact or other pressure, with or without the application of heat, e.g. cladding or plating
- B23K20/26—Auxiliary equipment
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and discloses an ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device which comprises a welding tool, a supporting base, an ultrasonic probe, a variable amplitude rod, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator, wherein the welding tool consists of a clamping ring, a stirring sleeve and a stirring needle; the ultrasonic probe is propped against the side part of the supporting base and is sequentially connected with the amplitude transformer, the transducer and the ultrasonic generator. The invention also discloses a welding method using the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device. By adopting the ultrasonic loading structure, the ultrasonic loading structure can be optimized, the maximization of the ultrasonic action effect in the welding process is ensured, the fluidity of the joint material is improved, and the quality of welding spots is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of welding, and particularly relates to an ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and a welding method.
Background
The backfill friction stir spot welding is an advanced solid phase connection technology, and is widely applied to connection of light metals such as aluminum alloy or heterogeneous metals such as aluminum steel due to the characteristics of small deformation, low temperature and the like in the welding process.
In the welding process of the same metal backfill type friction stir spot welding, the linear speeds of the stirring pin influence area and the stirring sleeve influence area are different in the downward bundling stage and the backward drawing stage due to the different diameters of the stirring pin and the stirring sleeve, so that uneven material flow occurs in the stirring pin and the stirring sleeve influence area. Therefore, the grain morphology of the stirring pin influence area and the grain morphology of the stirring sleeve influence area are large in structure type difference, and meanwhile, the phenomenon of insufficient mixing at the joint between the stirring area and the base material as well as between the stirring area and the upper and lower plates can occur. In the welding process of dissimilar metal backfill friction stir spot welding, in order to enhance mechanical occlusion of materials, higher rotating speed is often needed to improve the flowability of the materials, but at the moment, the welding heat input is larger, a thicker intermetallic transition layer can be produced, and the quality of the joint is reduced.
The ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding is a novel method for solving the problem, and based on the principle of ultrasonic vibration induced plastic deformation, the fluidity in the welding process is enhanced, grains are refined, the tissue uniformity is improved, and the phenomenon of insufficient mixing of connecting interface materials between an upper plate and a lower plate or between a stirring area and a base metal is eliminated. When dissimilar metals are welded, plastic softening of materials can be induced, strong mechanical engagement can be realized under the condition of lower rotating speed, and meanwhile, the welding temperature is not increased, so that the generation of IMCs can be inhibited.
At present, the ultrasonic loading mode of friction stir welding is mainly divided into three modes: the first type of stirring pin is vertically acted on the stirring pin along the central axis direction of the stirring head, but due to the special structure of the backfill type friction stir spot welder, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin are of a split structure, and the loading mode has poor ultrasonic effect and is difficult to realize; the second is to use an external connection structure to directly act the ultrasonic probe on the surface of the plate, but because the supporting base of the spot welder is narrower and the welding spot space is limited, a certain distance exists between the ultrasonic probe and the stirring center, the ultrasonic action range is limited and the ultrasonic action effect is weaker; the third is that the axis of the ultrasonic probe is vertical to the axis of the stirring needle and is loaded laterally, but because the backfill type friction stir spot welding clamp ring has smaller diameter and is cylindrical, when the ultrasonic probe is propped against the side surface of the clamp ring, the ultrasonic probe has no positioning restriction and has higher degree of freedom, so the mode is difficult to realize.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing an ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and a welding method, which can optimize an ultrasonic loading structure, ensure the maximization of the ultrasonic action effect in the welding process, improve the flowability of joint materials and improve the quality of welding spots.
In order to achieve the above object, one aspect of the present invention provides an ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device, which comprises a welding tool composed of a clamping ring, a stirring sleeve and a stirring pin, and further comprises a support base, an ultrasonic probe, a horn, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator, wherein the upper surface of the support base is used for placing a welded workpiece, the welding tool is arranged above the support base, the clamping ring is tightly attached to the upper surface of the welded workpiece, and the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin respectively perform downward rolling and backward drawing movements on the welded workpiece under high-speed rotation; the ultrasonic probe is propped against the side part of the supporting base, and the ultrasonic probe is sequentially connected with the amplitude transformer, the transducer and the ultrasonic generator.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device further comprises a fixing clamp, wherein the fixing clamp is fixedly connected with the supporting base, and the ultrasonic probe is detachably arranged on the fixing clamp.
As a preferable mode of the present invention, the upper surface of the fixing clip is flush with the upper surface of the support base.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, the top of the supporting base is of a disc-shaped structure, the fixing clamp is composed of two rectangular blocks which are identical in shape and size and provided with semicircular hole structures, and the diameter of each semicircular hole structure is identical to that of the disc-shaped structure; the side of fixed fixture keeping away from semicircle hole structure is equipped with two bolt mounting holes, the bolt mounting hole is the through-hole.
As a preferable scheme of the invention, an ultrasonic mounting hole penetrating to the semicircular hole structure is formed in the side surface, away from the semicircular hole structure, of one rectangular block in the fixing clamp, the ultrasonic mounting hole is a threaded hole, and the ultrasonic probe is provided with a threaded part in threaded connection with the ultrasonic mounting hole.
In addition, another aspect of the present invention provides a welding method using the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device described in the above, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing an oxide layer on the surface of a welded workpiece by using sand paper, and placing the oxide layer on a supporting base in a lap joint mode;
fixing the fixing clamp on the supporting base, enabling the upper surface of the fixing clamp to be horizontal to the upper surface of the supporting base, and adjusting the installation position of the ultrasonic probe on the fixing clamp to enable the ultrasonic probe to be propped against the supporting base;
turning on an ultrasonic generator, setting the ultrasonic frequency to be 20-40 kHZ, and the amplitude to be 40-80 mu m, starting a welding tool, and starting welding, wherein the specific welding process is as follows: the compression ring compresses the welded workpiece under a certain downward pressure to prevent the plate from moving and the plasticized material from overflowing; simultaneously, the stirring sleeve rotates at 200-6000rpm and pricks at a speed of 0.05-20 mm/min; the stirring pin rotates at the rotation speed of 200-6000rpm, and upward back-drawing is carried out at the speed which is 2 times of the downward pricking speed of the stirring sleeve, so that the material extruded by the stirring sleeve is ensured to just fill the cavity left by the back-drawing of the stirring pin; after the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin reach the set pricking position, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin stay and rotate for 0-2min in situ, so that the welded material is fully stirred; finally, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin keep rotating, and respectively carry out back-drawing and downward-pressing until returning to the initial position;
and fourthly, after the welding is finished, continuing to vibrate by ultrasonic for 5-60 seconds, closing the ultrasonic, and finishing the welding process.
Compared with the prior art, the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and the welding method have the beneficial effects that:
according to the invention, the ultrasonic loading structure is optimized, the ultrasonic probe is propped against the side part of the supporting base, so that the ultrasonic probe is closer to the stirring center, and ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe are directly transmitted to a welded workpiece through the supporting base, thereby ensuring that the vibration effect of the ultrasonic waves is maximized in the welding process, improving the flowability of joint materials and improving the quality of welding spots.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of an ultrasonic-assisted backfill friction stir spot welding device according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of the structure of the support base;
fig. 3 is a schematic structural view of the fixing clip.
The marks in the figure:
1. a clamping ring; 2. a stirring sleeve; 3. a stirring pin; 4. a support base; 5. an ultrasonic probe; 6. a horn; 7. a transducer; 8. an ultrasonic generator; 9. fixing the clamp; 10. a work piece to be welded; 11. a disc-shaped structure, 12, a semicircular hole structure, 13, a bolt mounting hole, 14 and an ultrasonic mounting hole.
Detailed Description
The following describes in further detail the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the orientation or positional relationship indicated by the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", etc. are based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the apparatus or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention. Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and are not to be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.
As shown in fig. 1 to 3, the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device provided by the preferred embodiment of the invention comprises a welding tool composed of a clamping ring 1, a stirring sleeve 2 and a stirring needle 3, and further comprises a supporting base 4, an ultrasonic probe 5, an amplitude transformer 6, a transducer 7 and an ultrasonic generator 8, wherein the upper surface of the supporting base 4 is used for placing a welded workpiece 10, the welding tool is arranged above the supporting base 4, the clamping ring 1 is tightly attached to the upper surface of the welded workpiece 10, and the stirring sleeve 2 and the stirring needle 3 respectively perform downward binding and backward drawing movements on the welded workpiece 10 under high-speed rotation; the ultrasonic probe 5 is propped against the side part of the supporting base 4, and the ultrasonic probe 5 is sequentially connected with the amplitude transformer 6, the transducer 7 and the ultrasonic generator 8. Therefore, the embodiment of the invention optimizes the ultrasonic loading structure, and offsets the ultrasonic probe 5 from the side part of the support base 4, so that the ultrasonic probe 5 is closer to the stirring center, and ultrasonic waves emitted by the ultrasonic probe 5 are directly transmitted to the welded workpiece 10 through the support base 4, thereby ensuring that the vibration effect of the ultrasonic waves is maximized in the welding process, improving the flowability of joint materials and improving the quality of welding spots.
Illustratively, the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device further comprises a fixing clamp 9, wherein the fixing clamp 9 is fixedly connected with the support base 4, and the ultrasonic probe 5 is detachably arranged on the fixing clamp 9. Therefore, the positioning and the installation of the ultrasonic probe 5 can be realized through the arrangement of the fixing clamp 9, and the ultrasonic probe 5 is ensured to be always propped against the side part of the supporting base 4 in the welding process; and, this structure is easy to realize.
Illustratively, the upper surface of the fixing clamp 9 is flush with the upper surface of the supporting base 4, so that the supporting base 4 and the fixing clamp 9 together form a bearing table, and the bearing area of the welded workpiece 10 is increased while the ultrasonic transmission is not affected.
Illustratively, the top of the supporting base 4 is a disc-shaped structure 11, the fixing clamp 9 is composed of two rectangular blocks with the same shape and size and a semicircular hole structure 12, and the diameter of the semicircular hole structure 12 is the same as that of the disc-shaped structure 11; the side of fixed fixture 9 far away from semicircle hole structure is equipped with two bolt mounting holes 13, bolt mounting hole 13 is the through-hole to can realize fixed fixture 9 and the tight connection of supporting base 4 through the bolt and nut.
Illustratively, the side of one rectangular block in the fixing fixture 9, which is far away from the semicircle hole structure 12, is provided with an ultrasonic mounting hole 14 penetrating through to the semicircle hole structure, the ultrasonic mounting hole 14 is a threaded hole, and the ultrasonic probe 5 is provided with a threaded part in threaded connection with the ultrasonic mounting hole 14, so that the ultrasonic probe 5 is fixed with the fixing fixture 9 in a threaded connection manner, and the ultrasonic probe 5 is screwed until the ultrasonic probe 5 abuts against the side part of the supporting base 4, so that the assembly is convenient.
In addition, another aspect of the present invention provides a welding method using the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device described in the above, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing an oxide layer on the surface of a welded workpiece 10 by using sand paper, and placing the oxide layer on a supporting base 4 in a lap joint manner;
fixing the fixing clamp 9 on the support base 4, keeping the upper surface of the fixing clamp 9 and the upper surface of the support base 4 horizontal, and adjusting the installation position of the ultrasonic probe 5 on the fixing clamp 9 to enable the ultrasonic probe 5 to prop against the support base 4;
turning on an ultrasonic generator, setting the ultrasonic frequency to be 20-40 kHZ, and the amplitude to be 40-80 mu m, starting a welding tool, and starting welding, wherein the specific welding process is as follows: the compression ring compresses the welded workpiece 10 with a certain downward pressure to prevent the plate from moving and the plasticized material from overflowing; simultaneously, the stirring sleeve 2 rotates at 200-6000rpm and pricks at a speed of 0.05-20 mm/min; the stirring pin 3 rotates at a rotation speed of 200-6000rpm, and upward back-drawing is carried out at a speed which is 2 times of the downward pricking speed of the stirring sleeve 2, so that the material extruded by the stirring sleeve 2 is ensured to just fill the cavity left by the back-drawing of the stirring pin 3; after the stirring sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 reach the set pricking position, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin stay and rotate for 0-2min in situ, so that the welded material is fully stirred; finally, the stirring sleeve 2 and the stirring pin 3 keep rotating, and respectively carry out back-drawing and downward-pressing until returning to the initial position;
and fourthly, after the welding is finished, continuing to vibrate by ultrasonic for 5-60 seconds, closing the ultrasonic, and finishing the welding process.
The welding method comprises the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device, so that the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device has all the beneficial effects and is not repeated herein.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that modifications and substitutions can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these modifications and substitutions should also be considered as being within the scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. The ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device comprises a welding tool consisting of a clamping ring, a stirring sleeve and a stirring pin, and is characterized by further comprising a supporting base, an ultrasonic probe, a variable amplitude rod, a transducer and an ultrasonic generator, wherein the upper surface of the supporting base is used for placing a welded workpiece, the welding tool is arranged above the supporting base, the clamping ring is tightly attached to the upper surface of the welded workpiece, and the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin respectively perform downward binding and backward drawing movements on the welded workpiece under high-speed rotation; the ultrasonic probe is propped against the side part of the supporting base, and the ultrasonic probe is sequentially connected with the amplitude transformer, the transducer and the ultrasonic generator.
2. The ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device of claim 1, further comprising a fixture fixedly connected to the support base, the ultrasonic probe being removably mounted on the fixture.
3. The ultrasonic assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device of claim 2, wherein an upper surface of the fixture is flush with an upper surface of the support base.
4. The ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to claim 3, wherein the top of the supporting base is of a disc-shaped structure, the fixing clamp is composed of two rectangular blocks with the same shape and size and a semicircular hole structure, and the diameter of the semicircular hole structure is the same as that of the disc-shaped structure; the side of fixed fixture keeping away from semicircle hole structure is equipped with two bolt mounting holes, the bolt mounting hole is the through-hole.
5. The ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device as recited in claim 4, wherein an ultrasonic mounting hole penetrating through the semicircular hole structure is formed in a side surface, away from the semicircular hole structure, of one rectangular block in the fixing clamp, the ultrasonic mounting hole is a threaded hole, and the ultrasonic probe is provided with a threaded portion in threaded connection with the ultrasonic mounting hole.
6. A welding method using the ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, comprising the steps of:
firstly, removing an oxide layer on the surface of a welded workpiece by using sand paper, and placing the oxide layer on a supporting base in a lap joint mode;
fixing the fixing clamp on the supporting base, enabling the upper surface of the fixing clamp to be horizontal to the upper surface of the supporting base, and adjusting the installation position of the ultrasonic probe on the fixing clamp to enable the ultrasonic probe to be propped against the supporting base;
turning on an ultrasonic generator, setting the ultrasonic frequency to be 20-40 kHZ, and the amplitude to be 40-80 mu m, starting a welding tool, and starting welding, wherein the specific welding process is as follows: the compression ring compresses the welded workpiece under a certain downward pressure to prevent the plate from moving and the plasticized material from overflowing; simultaneously, the stirring sleeve rotates at 200-6000rpm and pricks at a speed of 0.05-20 mm/min; the stirring pin rotates at the rotation speed of 200-6000rpm, and upward back-drawing is carried out at the speed which is 2 times of the downward pricking speed of the stirring sleeve, so that the material extruded by the stirring sleeve is ensured to just fill the cavity left by the back-drawing of the stirring pin; after the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin reach the set pricking position, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin stay and rotate for 0-2min in situ, so that the welded material is fully stirred; finally, the stirring sleeve and the stirring pin keep rotating, and respectively carry out back-drawing and downward-pressing until returning to the initial position;
and fourthly, after the welding is finished, continuing to vibrate by ultrasonic for 5-60 seconds, closing the ultrasonic, and finishing the welding process.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202211717412.8A CN116100138B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and welding method |
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| CN202211717412.8A CN116100138B (en) | 2022-12-28 | 2022-12-28 | Ultrasonic-assisted backfill type friction stir spot welding device and welding method |
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| CN116100138B CN116100138B (en) | 2023-07-28 |
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| CN102744516A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-10-24 | 山东大学 | Ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and device |
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| CN208614052U (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-03-19 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of two dimensional ultrasonic vibration auxiliary fusion welding device |
| CN109926710A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-25 | 山东大学 | A kind of back penetrates and the Friction Stir Welding device of Ultrasonic probe support auxiliary |
| CN110681979A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏理工学院 | Ultrasonic coaxial auxiliary double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding method |
| CN112935514A (en) * | 2021-01-28 | 2021-06-11 | 广东省科学院中乌焊接研究所 | Ultrasonic stirring friction welding device and welding method thereof |
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2022
- 2022-12-28 CN CN202211717412.8A patent/CN116100138B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102744516A (en) * | 2012-07-13 | 2012-10-24 | 山东大学 | Ultrasonic vibration aided stir friction welding process and device |
| RU2616313C1 (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2017-04-14 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Национальный исследовательский Томский политехнический университет" | Method of friction welding with mixing with ultrasonic treatment |
| CN208614052U (en) * | 2018-07-18 | 2019-03-19 | 佛山科学技术学院 | A kind of two dimensional ultrasonic vibration auxiliary fusion welding device |
| CN109926710A (en) * | 2019-04-25 | 2019-06-25 | 山东大学 | A kind of back penetrates and the Friction Stir Welding device of Ultrasonic probe support auxiliary |
| CN110681979A (en) * | 2019-10-25 | 2020-01-14 | 江苏理工学院 | Ultrasonic coaxial auxiliary double-shaft-shoulder friction stir welding method |
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