CN116087244B - Multi-material diagnosis method, device and application - Google Patents
Multi-material diagnosis method, device and application Download PDFInfo
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- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/20—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by using diffraction of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating crystal structure; by using scattering of the radiation by the materials, e.g. for investigating non-crystalline materials; by using reflection of the radiation by the materials
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to a multi-material diagnosis method, comprising the following steps: imaging the multi-material object to be identified by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology to obtain a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle; according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle, solving to obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object; and obtaining characteristic parameters of a plurality of known materials, comparing the characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the known materials, and determining the materials in the multi-material object. Compared with the prior art, the invention uses the high-energy proton photography technology to carry out twice imaging to obtain two proton flux values, then combines the two to reflect characteristic parameters irrelevant to macroscopic variables of substances such as density, length and the like, realizes multi-material diagnosis by comparing the characteristic parameters with the characteristic parameters of known materials, and can obtain material information and material distribution.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of material diagnosis, in particular to a multi-material diagnosis method, a multi-material diagnosis device and application.
Background
When diagnosing the state of an object under extreme conditions of high temperature and high pressure, the behavior of the material becomes extremely complex as the state of the material approaches the specific conditions of the fluid, and it becomes extremely important to acquire material information of the material if the properties of the material under extreme conditions are to be studied.
For a long time, X-ray imaging has played an important role, and for a single-material object, the absorption coefficient distribution of the material can be obtained according to prior data, so that the density distribution of the object at a specific moment can be obtained through tomography. However, when the object is composed of multiple materials, the boundary is difficult to confirm due to the mixing of components and the change of density caused by the fluid process under high temperature and high pressure conditionsAnd the material distribution information is not extracted. And when the areal density of the object is quite high, very high energy X-rays (average energy up to 4 MeV) are required to penetrate the object (-200 g/cm) 2 ). When such high energy X-rays interact with matter, compton scattering and positive and negative electron pair effects dominate, so that the direct-through signal is greatly reduced, and the extremely low signal-to-noise ratio cannot achieve the required diagnostic accuracy. In order to solve the problem of high energy X-rays in high density fluid diagnostics, high energy proton photography techniques have been proposed. Compared with high-energy X-ray, the high-energy proton has stronger penetrating power and larger free range, and experiments show that the high-energy proton of 50 GeV can penetrate 500 g/cm 2 And maintains good imaging ability. High-energy proton photography is an advanced diagnostic technique, and has important application potential in fluid dynamics diagnosis, and the system can control flux through a collimator so as to realize multiple imaging. However, for multi-material objects, there is still no good solution for diagnosing the material information by using the proton photography technology.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provide a multi-material diagnosis method, a multi-material diagnosis device and application.
The aim of the invention can be achieved by the following technical scheme:
the first aspect of the invention discloses a multi-material diagnostic method comprising the steps of:
imaging the multi-material object to be identified by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology to obtain a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle;
according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle, solving to obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object;
and obtaining characteristic parameters of a plurality of known materials, comparing the characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the known materials, and determining the materials in the multi-material object.
Further, the proton flux value after the high-energy protons pass through the multi-material guest is expressed as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,I 0 is the value of the initial flux and,μis the mass absorption coefficient of the nuclear reaction,ρis the density of the multi-material object,θ 0 is the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scattering,θ cut is a quasi-right angle, and,lis the thickness of the multi-material object;
through different collimation anglesθ cut The flux value of nuclear reaction and the flux value of coulomb scattering occurring for a plurality of times in the collimation angle are respectively obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: and obtaining proton flux values of nuclear reaction through large-angle collimation control flux, and obtaining proton flux values of multi-coulomb scattering in a collimation angle through small-angle collimation control flux.
Further, when flux is controlled by large-angle collimation, the collimation angle is more than or equal to 3 timesθ 0 When flux is controlled through small-angle collimation, the collimation angle is more than or equal toθ 0 Less than or equal to 2 timesθ 0 。
Further, the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scattering is expressed as follows:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,X 0 is the length of the radiation that is to be emitted,kis a proton momentum related parameter.
Further, the characteristic parameter of the voxel is a ratio of a mass absorption coefficient of the voxel to a correlation value of the voxel and a radiation length.
Further, the solution of the characteristic parameters is as follows:
proton flux value after nuclear reactionI 1 The expression of (2) is:
proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 The expression of (2) is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,θ c2 is a collimation angle that achieves a small angle collimation,X 0 is the length of the radiation that is to be emitted,kis a proton momentum related parameter;
for proton flux values after nuclear reactionI 1 Proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 Discretizing to obtain the following equation:
wherein the subscriptiCharacterization of different proton rays, subscriptsjDifferent voxels in the multi-material object are characterized,Tf i andTs i respectively indicates the occurrence of nuclear reaction and the occurrence of multiple coulomb scattering in the collimation angle and the firstjFlux-related values of the strip proton rays, corresponding matrix forms are Tf and Ts respectively,μ j is the firstjThe mass absorption coefficient of each voxel,ρ j is the object of the multi-materialjThe density of the individual voxels is such that,M j is the firstjThe correlation value of the individual voxels with the radiation length,G ij is the geometric matrix G after object discretizationijThe numerical value of the element, the geometric matrix G represents the matrix after the object discretization;
solving the above equation based on proton flux valueI 1 Obtaining the inclusion densityρAbsorption coefficient of massμIs a square of (2)Equation 1, based on proton flux valuesI 2 Obtaining the inclusion densityρCorrelation value of voxel and radiation lengthMEquation 2 of (2), and solving for the mass absorption coefficient by linking equations 1 and 2μCorrelation value with voxel and radiation lengthMIs the ratio of (1) to obtain thejCharacteristic parameters of individual voxels.
Further, the expressions of the equations 1 and 2 are as follows:
first, thejCharacteristic parameters of individual voxelsω j The expression of (2) is:
further, the characteristic parameters of the obtained multiple known materials are as follows:
imaging a single material object of a known material by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology to obtain a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle;
and solving to obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the single-material object according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle.
A second aspect of the present invention discloses a multi-material diagnostic device comprising:
a high-energy proton photographing system for imaging the multi-material object to be identified, configured to obtain proton flux values after nuclear reaction and proton flux values after multiple coulomb scattering within a given angle;
the characteristic parameter calculation module is configured to solve and obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after multi-coulomb scattering in a given angle;
and the comparison module is configured to compare the characteristic parameters of the voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the characteristic parameters of the known materials to determine the materials in the multi-material object.
Further, the high-energy proton photographing system is a secondary proton photographing system, and comprises a magnetic lens, a collimator and a detector.
A third aspect of the invention discloses the use of a multi-material diagnostic method for mixed material diagnostics and boundary information extraction in a hydrodynamic process.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
the invention utilizes the high-energy proton photography technology to obtain the flux value of nuclear reaction and the multi-coulomb scattering flux value in the collimation angle through different collimation angles, then combines the two to reflect the characteristic parameters irrelevant to macroscopic variables of substances such as density, length and the like, realizes multi-material diagnosis through the comparison with the characteristic parameters of known materials, and can obtain material information and material distribution.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a multi-material diagnostic method in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a proton camera system according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a proton flux distribution diagram along the radial direction of the object in example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing characteristic parameters along the radial direction of the object in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 5 is a two-dimensional distribution diagram of characteristic parameters in embodiment 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the dynamic representation of the material mixing in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 7 is a proton flux distribution diagram along the radial direction of the object in example 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 8 is a two-dimensional distribution diagram of characteristic parameters in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram showing the distribution of characteristic parameters along the radial direction of the object in embodiment 3 of the present invention;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing density distribution along the radial direction of the object in example 3 of the present invention;
reference numerals: 1-object plane, 2-magnetic lens, 3-collimator, 4-detector/imaging plane.
Detailed Description
The invention will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings and specific examples. The present embodiment is implemented on the premise of the technical solution of the present invention, and a detailed implementation manner and a specific operation process are given, and obviously, the described embodiment is only a part of the embodiment of the present invention, but not all the embodiments, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the following embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without making any inventive effort, shall fall within the scope of the present invention.
Reference herein to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic may be included in at least one implementation of the invention. In the description of the present invention, the terms "comprising" and "having," and any variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion. For example, a process, method, system, article, or apparatus that comprises a list of steps or elements is not limited to only those listed steps or elements but may include other steps or elements not listed or inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus.
The present specification provides method operational steps as an example or flow diagram, but may include more or fewer operational steps based on conventional or non-inventive labor. The order of steps recited in the embodiments is merely one way of performing the order of steps and does not represent a unique order of execution. In actual system or server product execution, the steps may be performed sequentially or in parallel (e.g., in a parallel processor or multi-threaded processing environment) or in an order that is not timing-constrained, as per the methods shown in the embodiments or figures.
Example 1
In fluid dynamics, the density of a substance generally changes over time. If the material is to be identified, the effect of density should be eliminated. The invention realizes multi-material diagnosis by utilizing the two-time imaging of the high-energy proton photographing technology, and the specific technical scheme is as follows: the proton flux value of nuclear reaction can be obtained through large-angle collimation control flux, and then the proton flux value of multi-coulomb scattering in a certain angle can be obtained through small-angle collimation control flux. Finally, the characteristic parameters irrelevant to macroscopic variables of substances such as density, length and the like are inverted by combining the results of the two imaging, the influence of the density is eliminated, and then the multi-material diagnosis is realized by comparing the characteristic parameters with the characteristic parameters of known materials, so that the material information and the material distribution can be obtained, and the material diagnosis is completed. Specifically, the invention discloses a multi-material diagnosis method, as shown in fig. 1, comprising the following steps:
step S1, imaging a multi-material object to be identified by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology, and obtaining a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle;
the principle of proton photography is to determine the physical properties and geometry of a measured object by measuring the attenuation of a particle beam incident on the measured object (object), and there are mainly three aspects of interactions with the nucleus as the proton passes through the substance, namely strong interactions with the extracellular coulomb field (nuclear reaction), interactions with the extracellular electrons (multiple coulomb scattering occurring within a given angle). The strong interaction with the nucleus causes the number of protons to decrease exponentially, referred to herein as proton escape; the proton interacts with the coulomb field outside the nucleus to form multiple small-angle scattering and change the movement direction; the interaction of protons with extra-nuclear electrons causes a gradual loss of energy of the protons, which does not lead to a large change in the direction of proton movement.
Overall, nuclear reactions and multiple coulomb scattering can alter the flux of protons. The proton flux value after the high energy proton passes through the guest is expressed as follows:
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,I 0 is the value of the initial flux and,μis the mass absorption coefficient of the nuclear reaction,ρis the density of the multi-material object,θ 0 is the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scattering,θ cut is a collimation angle, which can be changed by adjusting a collimator in a high-energy proton photographing system,lis the thickness of the multi-material object;
wherein the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scatteringθ 0 Has the following relationship:
Wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,X 0 is the length of the radiation that is to be emitted,kas a proton momentum related parameter, which is related to proton momentum, can be approximated as a constant in high energy proton photography.
In the present application, the multi-material object to be identified is imaged twice through different collimation anglesθ cut The flux value of nuclear reaction and the flux value of coulomb scattering occurring for a plurality of times in the collimation angle are respectively obtained, and the method specifically comprises the following steps: when in primary imaging, the proton flux value of nuclear reaction is obtained through large-angle collimation control flux, and at the moment, the change of proton flux caused by repeated coulomb scattering can be ignored approximately; and in one imaging, the proton flux value of the multi-coulomb scattering in the collimation angle is obtained through the small-angle collimation control flux.
Specifically, when flux is controlled by large angle collimation, the collimation angle is noted asθ c1 Alignment angleθ c1 ≥3θ 0 The large-angle collimation is realized, and the proton flux after nuclear reaction can be obtained. When flux is controlled by small angle collimation, the collimation angle is recorded asθ c2 Alignment angleθ c2 Greater than or equal toθ 0 Less than or equal to 2 timesθ 0 Realizing small-angle collimation and obtaining a certain cut-off angle (small-angle collimation)Collimation angle at straight timeθ c2 ) Proton fluxes after multiple coulomb scattering occurred inside are as follows:
proton flux value after nuclear reactionI 1 The expression of (2) is:
Proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 The expression of (2) is:
Step S2, according to proton flux value after nuclear reactionI 1 And proton flux values after multiple coulomb scattering at a given angleI 2 Solving to obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object;
for proton flux values after nuclear reactionI 1 Proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 Discretizing to obtain the following equation:
Wherein the subscriptiCharacterization of different proton rays, subscriptsjDifferent voxels in the multi-material object are characterized,Tf i andTs i respectively indicates the occurrence of nuclear reaction and the occurrence of multiple coulomb scattering in the collimation angle and the firstjFlux-related values of the strip proton rays, corresponding matrix forms are Tf and Ts respectively,μ j is the firstjThe mass absorption coefficient of each voxel,ρ j is the object of the multi-materialjThe density of the individual voxels is such that,M j is the firstjThe correlation value of the individual voxels with the radiation length,G ij is the object discreteThe geometric matrix G after the conversion is the firstijThe numerical value of the element, the geometric matrix G represents the matrix after the object discretization;
the above equation is solved by iteration method, back projection method, etc., and based on proton flux valueI 1 Obtaining the inclusion densityρAbsorption coefficient of massμBased on proton flux values of equation 1 of (2)I 2 Obtaining the inclusion densityρCorrelation value of voxel and radiation lengthMEquation 2 of (2), and solving for the mass absorption coefficient by linking equations 1 and 2μCorrelation value with voxel and radiation lengthMIs the ratio of (1) to obtain thejThe characteristic parameters of each voxel, which are related to the cutting angle and the microscopic properties of the material, are independent of the macroscopic quantities such as density, size and the like, so that the parameters can be used for material identification.
The expressions of equations 1 and 2 are as follows:
equation 1:
Equation 2:
The expressions of equation 1 and equation 2 are merely for the purpose of description, and do not represent actual solving situations, and represent equations similar to equations (6) and (7) based on equation (5), and the specific solving process will not be described herein, so those skilled in the art will understand that the solving process may be performed by using a conventional mathematical method.
Because the density is contained in the equations (6) and (7), the characteristic parameters irrelevant to the density can be obtained by the ratio of the equations (6) and (7), the firstjCharacteristic parameters of individual voxelsω j The expression of (2) is:
and S3, obtaining characteristic parameters of a plurality of known materials, comparing the characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the known materials, and determining the materials in the multi-material object.
The known materials can be used for preparing single material samples, and the characteristic parameters of the single material samples are measuredω) Absorption coefficient of massμ) And correlation parameters of multiple coulomb scatteringM) And comparing the characteristic parameter curve obtained by calculation with known materials, so as to obtain the material composition and the material distribution of the multi-material object.
Corresponding to the above method embodiment, the present invention further provides a multi-material diagnostic device, including:
a high-energy proton photographing system for imaging the multi-material object to be identified, configured to obtain proton flux values after nuclear reaction and proton flux values after multiple coulomb scattering within a given angle;
the characteristic parameter calculation module is configured to solve and obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after multi-coulomb scattering in a given angle;
and the comparison module is configured to compare the characteristic parameters of the plurality of voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the characteristic parameters of the known materials to determine the materials in the multi-material object.
The high-energy proton photographing system can adopt the existing high-energy proton photographing system, in the embodiment of the application, the high-energy proton photographing system is a secondary proton photographing system, the imaging schematic diagram of the high-energy proton photographing system is shown in fig. 1, the position 1 marked in the figure is an object plane, the position 2 marked is a magnetic lens, the position 3 marked is a collimator, and the position 4 marked is an imaging plane, so that the detector is placed. The system is a two-level imaging system, each comprising 4 quadrupole magnetic lenses.
The feature parameter calculation module and the comparison module basically correspond to the method embodiments, so the relevant parts refer to the part of the description of the method embodiments, and the description is omitted herein for convenience and brevity.
In theory, a calculation program may be configured in a computer, obtain measurement data of the high-energy proton photography system, obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels through calculation, and determine materials in the multi-material object, i.e. the above-mentioned characteristic parameter calculation module and the comparison module may be implemented as a computer software program, which is tangibly embodied in a machine-readable medium, such as a storage unit.
In some embodiments, part or all of the computer program may be loaded and/or installed onto the device via the ROM and/or the communication unit. When the computer program is loaded into RAM and executed by the CPU, one or more steps of the multi-material diagnostic method described above may be performed corresponding to the characteristic parameter calculation module and the comparison module. Alternatively, in other embodiments, the CPU may be configured to perform the methods of the present invention by any other suitable means (e.g., by means of firmware).
Program code for carrying out diagnostic methods or diagnostic devices of the present invention may be written in any combination of one or more programming languages. These program code may be provided to a processor or controller of a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or other programmable data processing apparatus such that the program code, when executed by the processor or controller, causes the functions/operations specified in the flowchart and/or block diagram to be implemented. The program code may execute entirely on the machine, partly on the machine, as a stand-alone software package, partly on the machine and partly on a remote machine or entirely on the remote machine or server.
Example 2
The multi-material diagnosis method can be applied to the field of identification materials.
The embodiment of the application establishes a 20 GeV secondary proton photographic system through numerical simulation, wherein the gradient of a magnetic lens of the system is 8T/m, the drift distance is 3.403 m, and the thickness of the magnetic lens is 2.0 m. The large collimation angle is 8 mrad and the small collimation angle is 0.5 mrad. The characteristic parameters of partial materials are obtained through single material objectsω) Absorption coefficient of massμ) And correlation parameters of multiple coulomb scatteringM): of beryllium materialω=0.340，μ=0.0158 cm 2 /g，M=0.0465 cm 2 /g; of boron materialω=0.245，μ=0.0149 cm 2 /g，M=0.0608 cm 2 /g; of carbon materialω=0.189，μ=0.0142 cm 2 /g，M=0.0752 cm 2 /g; of sodium materialω=0.099，μ=0.0114 cm 2 /g，M=0.1157 cm 2 /g; of magnesium materialω=0.083，μ=0.0113 cm 2 /g，M=0.1371 cm 2 /g。
To demonstrate the effectiveness of the present application in authenticating material applications, this example devised a concentric ball object composed of three layers of metal material, wherein the innermost layer is a carbon material with a radius of 2 cm, the next outer layer is a sodium material with a radius of 3.5 cm, and the outermost layer is a beryllium material with a radius of 5 cm. The proton flux of the concentric sphere guest for nuclear reaction is obtained from a collimation angle of 8 mrad, while the proton flux caused by multiple coulomb scattering is obtained from a collimator of 0.5 mrad. Fig. 3 shows the proton flux distribution along the radial direction of the object, the black-asterisk curve is the proton flux distribution caused by the nuclear reaction, and the other line is the flux distribution caused by the multiple coulomb scattering. FIG. 4 is a graph of the characteristic parameters of a material obtained by the multi-material diagnostic method according to the present invention, wherein the black-asterisk is a curve without optimization, which has significant oscillations due to statistical fluctuations, increasing the number of protons or decreasing the oscillations using an optimization method; the other curve is optimized by regularization, and the oscillation is obviously reduced. According to the obtained result, the value between the intervals (0, 1.5) cm was 0.194, the value between the intervals (1.9,3.1) cm was 0.101, and the value between the intervals (3.5,4.5) cm was 0.321. Comparing this value with the pre-determined parameter values for the individual materials, the distribution of the materials can be derived: the material between the intervals (0, 1.5) cm is carbon, the material between the intervals (1.9,3.1) cm is sodium, and the material between the intervals (3.5,4.5) cm is beryllium. Fig. 5 shows the two-dimensional distribution of the characteristic parameters of the guest material, and it can be seen that the guest material is a three-layer guest, and the deviation between the distribution of the diagnosed guest material and the actual distribution is not great.
Example 3
The multi-material diagnosis method provided by the application can be applied to hydrodynamic diagnosis.
In hydrodynamic tests, mixing of materials and changes in component boundaries often occur. In this case, the high-energy X-ray cannot determine the composition information of the substance because only the product of the mass absorption coefficient and the density can be obtained by the X-ray imaging, and the density is changed in the fluid, so that the material information cannot be determined from the imaging result. The invention can be used to address material mixing diagnostics and component boundary determination.
To verify its effect, this example designed a concentric sphere object whose initial state consisted of boron, sodium and beryllium materials. At some point thereafter (assuming a high temperature explosion) some of the components are mixed and the boundaries are changed as well: and the boron, boron and sodium mixed layer, sodium and beryllium are sequentially arranged from inside to outside. The boron material layer has a radius of 1.5 cm and a density of 2.370 g/cm 3 . The radius of the mixed layer was 2.3 cm, the boron density was 1.247 g/cm 3 The density of sodium is 0.460 g/cm 3 . The radius of the sodium material layer is 3.5 cm and the density is 0.971 g/cm 3 . The beryllium material layer has a radius of 5. 5 cm and a density of 1.848 g/cm 3 . The dynamic process of the above-described mixing is shown in fig. 6, where the left side of fig. 6 is the composition of the object before the explosion and the right side is the composition of the object at a time after the explosion.
Fig. 7 is a flux distribution in the radial direction of the object. Fig. 8 shows the characteristic parameter distribution obtained by the multi-material diagnosis method of the present application, and it can be seen from the figure that the object is composed of four kinds of material information, and the boundary is clear. Fig. 9 shows the radial characteristic parameter distribution, and from the comparison of the results with the data of the single material, boron was found to be present in the interval of (0,1.3) cm, sodium was found to be present in the interval of (2.25,3.2) cm, and beryllium was found to be present in the interval of (3.5,4.7) cm. And the parameters of the three materials cannot be matched in the interval of (1.55,2.05) cm, so that the three materials are mixed areas, and the mixing areas can be obtained according to the initial state. After the material distribution is obtained, the object can be givenμOr (b)MFrom the slaveAnd inverting the density distribution according to equation (6) or (7). FIG. 10 shows the radial density distribution, the average density in the boron region being 2.354 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The density of boron in the mixing zone was 1.154 g/cm 3 The density of sodium is 0.501 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The density of the sodium layer was 0.950 g/cm 3 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The density of the beryllium layer is 1.823 g/cm 3 . Errors are due to statistical fluctuations. It can be seen that the invention can be used for mixed material diagnosis and boundary information extraction in hydrodynamic processes.
The foregoing describes in detail preferred embodiments of the present invention. It should be understood that numerous modifications and variations can be made in accordance with the concepts of the invention by one of ordinary skill in the art without undue burden. Therefore, all technical solutions which can be obtained by logic analysis, reasoning or limited experiments based on the prior art by the person skilled in the art according to the inventive concept shall be within the scope of protection defined by the claims.
Claims (5)
1. A method of multi-material diagnosis comprising the steps of:
imaging the multi-material object to be identified by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology to obtain a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle;
according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle, solving to obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object;
acquiring characteristic parameters of a plurality of known materials, comparing the characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the known materials, and determining the materials in the multi-material object;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out twice imaging on a multi-material object to be identified, respectively obtaining a flux value with nuclear reaction and a flux value with multi-coulomb scattering in a collimation angle through different collimation angles, obtaining a proton flux value with nuclear reaction through large-angle collimation control flux, and obtaining a proton flux value with multi-coulomb scattering in the collimation angle through small-angle collimation control flux;
the characteristic parameter of the voxel is the ratio of the mass absorption coefficient of the voxel to the correlation value of the voxel and the radiation length;
the characteristic parameters are solved as follows:
proton flux value after nuclear reactionI 1 The expression of (2) is:
proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 The expression of (2) is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,I 0 is the value of the initial flux and,μis the mass absorption coefficient of the nuclear reaction,ρis the density of the multi-material object,lis the thickness of the multi-material object,θ 0 is the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scattering,θ c2 is a collimation angle that achieves a small angle collimation,X 0 is the length of the radiation that is to be emitted,kis a proton momentum related parameter;
for proton flux values after nuclear reactionI 1 Proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 Discretizing to obtain the following equation:
wherein the subscriptiCharacterization of different proton rays, subscriptsjDifferent voxels in the multi-material object are characterized,Tf i andTs i respectively indicate occurrence ofNuclear reactions and multiple coulomb scattering within collimation anglesjFlux-related values of the strip proton rays, corresponding matrix forms are Tf and Ts respectively,μ j is the firstjThe mass absorption coefficient of each voxel,ρ j is the object of the multi-materialjThe density of the individual voxels is such that,M j is the firstjThe correlation value of the individual voxels with the radiation length,G ij is the geometric matrix G after object discretizationijThe numerical value of the element, the geometric matrix G represents the matrix after the object discretization;
solving the above equation based on proton flux valueI 1 Obtaining the inclusion densityρAbsorption coefficient of massμBased on proton flux values of equation 1 of (2)I 2 Obtaining the inclusion densityρCorrelation value of voxel and radiation lengthMEquation 2 of (2), and solving for the mass absorption coefficient by linking equations 1 and 2μCorrelation value with voxel and radiation lengthMIs the ratio of (1) to obtain thejCharacteristic parameters of the individual voxels;
the expressions of the equations 1 and 2 are as follows:
first, thejCharacteristic parameters of individual voxelsω j The expression of (2) is:
2. the method of claim 1, wherein the collimation angle is greater than or equal to 3 times when the flux is controlled by high angle collimationθ 0 When flux is controlled through small-angle collimation, the collimation angle is more than or equal toθ 0 Less than or equal to 2Multiple timesθ 0 。
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the obtaining characteristic parameters of the plurality of known materials is:
imaging a single material object of a known material by utilizing a high-energy proton photographing technology to obtain a proton flux value after nuclear reaction and a proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle;
and solving to obtain the characteristic parameters of the voxels of the single-material object according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after repeated coulomb scattering in a given angle.
4. A multi-material diagnostic device, comprising:
a high-energy proton photographing system for imaging the multi-material object to be identified, configured to obtain proton flux values after nuclear reaction and proton flux values after multiple coulomb scattering within a given angle;
the characteristic parameter calculation module is configured to solve and obtain characteristic parameters of a plurality of voxels of the multi-material object according to the proton flux value after nuclear reaction and the proton flux value after multi-coulomb scattering in a given angle;
the comparison module is configured to compare the characteristic parameters of the voxels of the multi-material object obtained by solving with the characteristic parameters of known materials to determine the materials in the multi-material object;
the method comprises the steps of carrying out twice imaging on a multi-material object to be identified, respectively obtaining a flux value with nuclear reaction and a flux value with multi-coulomb scattering in a collimation angle through different collimation angles, obtaining a proton flux value with nuclear reaction through large-angle collimation control flux, and obtaining a proton flux value with multi-coulomb scattering in the collimation angle through small-angle collimation control flux;
the characteristic parameter of the voxel is the ratio of the mass absorption coefficient of the voxel to the correlation value of the voxel and the radiation length;
the characteristic parameters are solved as follows:
proton flux value after nuclear reactionI 1 The expression of (2) is:
proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 The expression of (2) is:
wherein, the liquid crystal display device comprises a liquid crystal display device,I 0 is the value of the initial flux and,μis the mass absorption coefficient of the nuclear reaction,ρis the density of the multi-material object,lis the thickness of the multi-material object,θ 0 is the root mean square value of the multiple coulomb scattering,θ c2 is a collimation angle that achieves a small angle collimation,X 0 is the length of the radiation that is to be emitted,kis a proton momentum related parameter;
for proton flux values after nuclear reactionI 1 Proton flux value after multiple coulomb scattering in quasi-right angleI 2 Discretizing to obtain the following equation:
wherein the subscriptiCharacterization of different proton rays, subscriptsjDifferent voxels in the multi-material object are characterized,Tf i andTs i respectively indicates the occurrence of nuclear reaction and the occurrence of multiple coulomb scattering in the collimation angle and the firstjFlux-related values of the strip proton rays, corresponding matrix forms are Tf and Ts respectively,μ j is the firstjMass absorption of individual voxelsThe coefficient of the power,ρ j is the object of the multi-materialjThe density of the individual voxels is such that,M j is the firstjThe correlation value of the individual voxels with the radiation length,G ij is the geometric matrix G after object discretizationijThe numerical value of the element, the geometric matrix G represents the matrix after the object discretization;
solving the above equation based on proton flux valueI 1 Obtaining the inclusion densityρAbsorption coefficient of massμBased on proton flux values of equation 1 of (2)I 2 Obtaining the inclusion densityρCorrelation value of voxel and radiation lengthMEquation 2 of (2), and solving for the mass absorption coefficient by linking equations 1 and 2μCorrelation value with voxel and radiation lengthMIs the ratio of (1) to obtain thejCharacteristic parameters of the individual voxels;
the expressions of the equations 1 and 2 are as follows:
first, thejCharacteristic parameters of individual voxelsω j The expression of (2) is:
5. the multi-material diagnostic device of claim 4, wherein the high-energy proton camera system is a two-stage proton camera system comprising a magnetic lens, a collimator, and a detector.
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