CN116086639A - Soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and detection method - Google Patents
Soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and detection method Download PDFInfo
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- CN116086639A CN116086639A CN202211627036.3A CN202211627036A CN116086639A CN 116086639 A CN116086639 A CN 116086639A CN 202211627036 A CN202211627036 A CN 202211627036A CN 116086639 A CN116086639 A CN 116086639A
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- G01K—MEASURING TEMPERATURE; MEASURING QUANTITY OF HEAT; THERMALLY-SENSITIVE ELEMENTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- G01K11/00—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00
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- G01K11/24—Measuring temperature based upon physical or chemical changes not covered by groups G01K3/00, G01K5/00, G01K7/00 or G01K9/00 using measurement of acoustic effects of the velocity of propagation of sound
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Abstract
The invention discloses a soil temperature sound wave detection device and a detection method, wherein the soil temperature sound wave detection device comprises a shell, a probe, a sound wave emitter, a sound wave collector and a control device; the control device comprises a control module and a control module; the control module comprises a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller, a pulse amplification module and a signal modulation module; the pulse amplification module comprises a transmitting signal filter circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the signal modulation module comprises a quasi-acousto-electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-acousto-electric signal amplifying circuit; the probes are divided into a first probe and a second probe, and insertion tips for being inserted into soil are arranged at the bottoms of the first probe and the second probe; the sound wave transmitter and the sound wave collector are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection method has the advantages of low implementation cost, good stability, high precision, environmental friendliness and capability of realizing rapid detection.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a soil temperature detection device and a soil temperature detection method, in particular to a soil temperature acoustic wave detection device and a soil temperature acoustic wave detection method.
Background
The soil temperature is the cold and hot degree of the soil and is one of the environmental factors of the soil layer part of the plant, and has important influence on the aspects of plant reproductive growth, physiological process, soil nutrient absorption, water movement and the like. Therefore, soil temperature is an important parameter to be obtained in agricultural engineering. At present, two methods of measuring the soil temperature mainly include an expansion temperature measuring method and an electrical temperature measuring method, wherein the expansion temperature measuring method is used for manually reading the soil temperature through a glass mercury thermometer buried in the soil, and the method is low in implementation cost, but needs to be operated manually frequently, and has low precision and potential harm of mercury leakage. The electric temperature measuring method is to insert other temperature sensors such as thermocouples, thermistors and the like into the soil, and the temperature of the soil is reacted by the electric quantity changing along with the temperature. The acoustic temperature measurement is realized based on the principle that the propagation speed of sound waves in single-phase media such as pure solid, pure liquid, pure gas and the like is related to the temperature of the single-phase media, and the acoustic temperature measurement device has the characteristics of non-contact temperature measurement and high measurement accuracy, but soil is used as a three-phase, porous and non-uniform complex system, and the accuracy of the soil temperature is difficult to ensure by only measuring the soil temperature by adopting the sound velocity temperature measurement technology of the single-phase media.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects of the prior art and provides a soil temperature acoustic wave detection device, which can improve the accuracy of acoustically measuring the soil temperature by using a double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model of acoustic wave speed and acoustic wave attenuation coefficient.
The second object of the invention is to provide a soil temperature acoustic wave detection method which has low implementation cost, good stability, high precision, environmental friendliness and can realize rapid detection.
The technical scheme for solving the technical problems is as follows:
the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device comprises a shell, a probe arranged on the shell, an acoustic wave emitter and an acoustic wave collector arranged on the probe and a control device, wherein,
the control device comprises a control module arranged on the shell and a control module arranged in the shell, wherein the control module comprises a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller, a pulse amplifying module and a signal modulating module, wherein,
the single-chip microcontroller is used for controlling the emission of electric signals, the acquisition of quasi-acoustic electric signals, the acquisition of measurement time, the calculation, analysis and storage of measurement results and the display of a touch screen;
the pulse amplification module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave transmitter through a cable and comprises a transmission signal filter circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the transmitting signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal generated by the single-chip microcontroller, reducing the alternating current component of the pulse electric signal and enabling the pulse electric signal to be regular and smooth; the pulse amplification circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the power of the pulse electric signal so that the pulse electric signal subjected to power amplification treatment is enough to drive the sound wave transmitter to generate sound waves;
the signal modulation module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave collector through a cable and comprises a quasi-acoustic-electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit; the sound-simulating electric signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the sound-simulating electric signal acquired by the sound wave acquisition device and removing noise of the sound-simulating electric signal; the quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit is used for receiving the quasi-acoustic-electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the waveform amplitude of the quasi-acoustic-electric signal;
the probes are divided into a first probe and a second probe, wherein the bottoms of the first probe and the second probe are respectively provided with an insertion tip for being inserted into soil; the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe.
Preferably, the device further comprises a power supply device, wherein the power supply device is used for supplying power required by the normal operation of the device.
Preferably, a charging port is provided on the housing, and the charging port is used for charging the power supply device.
Preferably, a level gauge is provided on the housing, and is used for observing whether the first probe and the second probe are vertically inserted into the soil.
A detection method of a soil temperature sound wave detection method comprises the following steps:
s1, starting a power supply, vertically inserting the first probe and the second probe into a soil layer to be detected, adjusting the depth of the first probe and the second probe inserted into the soil layer, selecting the soil type of the soil to be detected on a touch screen after the device is in a horizontal position, and starting soil temperature detection;
s2, after receiving a transmitted soil temperature detection instruction, the single-chip microcontroller starts timing by an internal timer, and simultaneously, the single-chip microcontroller sends a pulse electric signal to a pulse amplification module, the pulse electric signal reduces alternating current components and becomes regular and smooth after passing through the transmitting signal filtering circuit, and then the pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power is formed after amplification treatment of the pulse discharging circuit;
s3, the sound wave transmitter receives the pulse electric signals after filtering and power amplification treatment, and converts the pulse electric signals into mechanical vibration to generate sound waves;
s4, after the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be detected, the sound wave collector receives the sound wave carrying the soil information and converts the sound wave into an quasi-sound electric signal, and the quasi-sound electric signal is collected by the single-chip microcontroller after noise removal and signal amplification treatment of a quasi-sound electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-sound electric signal amplifying circuit in the signal modulation module, and at the moment, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing;
s5, analyzing the acquired data signals by the single-chip microcontroller to obtain acoustic waveforms, transmission time, soil sound velocity and acoustic attenuation coefficients, and calculating the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected by using a binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model;
and S6, the single-chip microcontroller sends the final soil temperature information to the touch screen, and the touch screen displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected to a user.
Preferably, in step S5, the soil sound level V S The acquisition steps of (1) are as follows:
when the single-chip microcontroller transmits an electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller starts to count, and the time is recorded as T s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the single-chip microcontroller collects the quasi-acoustic electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing, and the time is recorded as T e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sum of the time of the electric signal flowing through the pulse amplifying module and the signal modulating module is T d1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave collector, and time sum of mutual conversion of acoustic signal and electric signal is T d2 Thereby obtaining the time T=T of the sound wave traveling in the soil e -T s -T d1 -T d2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector is the propagation distance S of the soil, the ceramic and the soil sound degree V S ＝S/(T e -T s -T d1 -T d2 )。
Preferably, in step S5, the step of collecting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a is as follows:
the single-chip microcontroller performs AD sampling on the quasi-acoustic electric signals, continuously obtains data with different voltage values, records the data as U, takes the voltage value data U as an ordinate and the acquisition time t as an abscissa, and obtains a waveform chart of the binaural parameters after the soil passes through; taking the acquired maximum value U of the voltage max Waveform amplitude, voltage maximum U corresponding to two-tone parameter max And the voltage standard value U n The ratio of (a) is the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, i.e. a=u max /U n 。
Preferably, the establishment step of the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model comprises the following steps:
(1) Under the condition of keeping the water content of the soil unchanged aiming at the soil with different textures, the sealed soil sample to be measured is placed in a temperature control box, the temperature in the temperature control box is controlled, the temperature is gradually increased from 0 ℃ to 40 ℃ with 5 ℃, each temperature gradient is kept for 12 hours, the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,
(2) Respectively carrying out acoustic wave detection tests on soil samples with different temperature gradients of 0-40 ℃ by using an acoustic instrument to obtain acoustic wave speeds V of the soil samples with different temperature gradients s An acoustic attenuation coefficient a;
(3) Respectively preparing soil temperature and soil sound velocity V aiming at the soil with different textures and different water contents s And a relation table of soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, performing curve fitting on table data to obtain a sound velocity V of the soil S A function of soil temperature related to the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, and each soil of each texture corresponds to a function independently;
(4) By collecting the speed of sound V of each soil S And (3) establishing a double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures according to a soil temperature function related to the soil sound attenuation coefficient a.
Preferably, in step S5, the single-chip microcontroller processes the electrical signal data to acquire soil sound level V S And a soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a; through the stored double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures in the single-chip microcontroller, only the soil type is needed to be selectedSoil sound level V S And substituting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a into the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature value.
Compared with the prior art, the method has the following beneficial effects:
(1) The soil temperature acoustic wave detection method is based on an acoustic principle, and the double-acoustic parameter-soil temperature empirical model is constructed by utilizing the acoustic wave speed and the acoustic wave attenuation coefficient, so that the soil temperature is inverted, and the soil temperature acoustic wave detection method has the advantages of good economy, high precision and good stability.
(2) The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device adopts a measuring method of inserting soil, does not need to excavate the soil, has extremely low damage to the soil structure, and can protect the original structure and state of the soil.
(3) The sound wave generated by the soil temperature sound wave detection device is harmless to human bodies, does not influence the survival of soil organisms, and has no pollution.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a soil temperature acoustic wave detection device according to the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the control module.
Fig. 3 is a control flow chart in the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention, wherein the arrow direction is the signal transmission direction.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples and drawings, but embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention includes a housing 8, a probe provided on the housing 8, an acoustic wave emitter 4 and an acoustic wave collector 5 provided on the probe, and a control device.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the control device comprises a control module arranged on a shell 8 and a control module arranged in the shell 8, wherein the control module comprises a key assembly (namely a power key 1) and a touch screen 2; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller 10, a pulse amplification module 11 and a signal modulation module 12.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the single-chip microcontroller 10 is used for controlling the emission of electric signals, the acquisition of quasi-acoustic electric signals, the acquisition of measurement time, the calculation, analysis, storage and display of measurement results on the touch screen 2.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the pulse amplification module 11 is connected with the single-chip microcontroller 10 and the acoustic wave transmitter 4 through a cable, and comprises a transmission signal filtering circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the transmitting signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal generated by the single-chip microcontroller 10, reducing the alternating current component of the pulse electric signal and enabling the pulse electric signal to be regular and smooth; the pulse amplification circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal subjected to filtering processing and amplifying the power of the pulse electric signal so that the pulse electric signal subjected to power amplification processing is enough to drive the sound wave emitter 4 to generate sound waves.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the signal modulation module 12 is connected with the single-chip microcontroller 10 and the sound wave collector 5 through a cable, and comprises a quasi-acoustic-electric signal filtering circuit and a quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit; the quasi-acoustic-electric signal filter circuit is used for receiving quasi-acoustic-electric signals acquired by the sound wave acquisition device 5 and removing noise of the quasi-acoustic-electric signals; the quasi-acousto-electric signal amplifying circuit is used for receiving the quasi-acousto-electric signal subjected to filtering processing and amplifying the waveform amplitude of the quasi-acousto-electric signal.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the probes are divided into a first probe 3 and a second probe 6, wherein the bottoms of the first probe 3 and the second probe 6 are each provided with an insertion tip for insertion into soil; the acoustic wave emitter 4 and the acoustic wave collector 5 are respectively arranged on the first probe 3 and the second probe 6.
Referring to fig. 1-3, the soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of the present invention further comprises a power supply device 13, wherein the power supply device 13 is used for providing power required by normal operation for the equipment; the housing 8 is also provided with a charging port 7, and the charging port 7 is used for charging the power supply device 13.
Referring to fig. 1-3, a level 9 is disposed on the housing 8, and the level 9 is used for observing whether the first probe 3 and the second probe 6 are vertically inserted into the soil, so as to ensure that the device is located on a horizontal plane, and the measurement intervals belong to the same horizontal line.
Referring to fig. 1 to 3, the soil temperature acoustic wave detection method of the present invention comprises the steps of:
s1, starting a power supply, vertically inserting the first probe 3 and the second probe 6 into a soil layer to be detected, adjusting the depth of the first probe 3 and the second probe 6 inserted into the soil layer, selecting the soil type of the soil to be detected on the touch screen 2 after the equipment is in a horizontal position, and starting soil temperature detection;
s2, after receiving a transmitted soil temperature detection instruction, the single-chip microcontroller 10 starts timing by an internal timer of the single-chip microcontroller 10, and meanwhile, the single-chip microcontroller 10 sends a pulse electric signal to the pulse amplification module 11, the pulse electric signal reduces alternating current components and becomes regular and smooth after passing through the emission signal filtering circuit, and then the pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power is formed after amplification treatment of the pulse discharge circuit;
s3, the sound wave transmitter 4 receives the pulse electric signals after filtering and power amplification treatment, and converts the pulse electric signals into mechanical vibration to generate sound waves;
s4, after the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be detected, the sound wave collector 5 receives the sound wave carrying the soil information and converts the sound wave into an quasi-sound electric signal, and the quasi-sound electric signal is collected by the single-chip microcontroller 10 after noise removal and signal amplification treatment of a quasi-sound electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-sound electric signal amplifying circuit in the signal modulation module 12, and at the moment, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller 10 stops timing;
s5, analyzing and processing the acquired data signals by the single-chip microcontroller 10 to obtain acoustic waveforms, transmission time, soil sound velocity and acoustic attenuation coefficients, and calculating the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected by using a binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model;
and S6, the single-chip microcontroller 10 sends the final soil temperature information to the touch screen 2, and the touch screen 2 displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected to a user.
Wherein in step S5, the soil sound level V S The acquisition steps of (1) are as follows:
when the single-chip microcontroller 10 transmits an electric signal, a timer inside the single-chip microcontroller 10 starts to count, and the time is marked as T s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the single-chip microcontroller 10 collects the quasi-acoustic electric signal, the timer in the single-chip microcontroller 10 stops counting, and the time is marked as T e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sum of the time of the electric signal flowing through the pulse amplifying module 11 and the signal modulating module 12 is T d1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sum of the interconversions time of the acoustic signal and the electric signal in the acoustic wave emitter 4 and the acoustic wave collector 5 is T d2 Thereby obtaining the time T=T of the sound wave traveling in the soil e -T s -T d1 -T d2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the acoustic transmitter 4 and the acoustic collector 5 is known as the propagation distance S of the soil, and therefore the soil sound level V S ＝S/(T e -T s -T d1 -T d2 )。
In step S5, the step of collecting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a is as follows:
the single-chip microcontroller 10 performs AD sampling on the quasi-acoustic electric signals, continuously obtains data with different voltage values, records the data as U, takes the voltage value data U as an ordinate and the acquisition time t as an abscissa, and obtains a waveform chart of the binaural parameters after the soil passes through; taking the acquired maximum value U of the voltage max Waveform amplitude, voltage maximum U corresponding to two-tone parameter max And the voltage standard value U n The ratio of (a) is the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, i.e. a=u max /U n 。
The establishment steps of the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model are as follows:
(1) Under the condition of keeping the water content of the soil unchanged aiming at the soil with different textures, the sealed soil sample to be measured is placed in a temperature control box, the temperature in the temperature control box is controlled, the temperature is gradually increased from 0 ℃ to 40 ℃ with 5 ℃, each temperature gradient is kept for 12 hours, the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,
(2) Soil with different temperature gradients of 0-40 ℃ by using acoustic instrumentThe sample is subjected to an acoustic wave detection test to obtain the acoustic wave velocity V of the soil samples with different temperature gradients s An acoustic attenuation coefficient a;
(3) Respectively preparing soil temperature and soil sound velocity V aiming at the soil with different textures and different water contents s And a relation table of soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, performing curve fitting on table data to obtain a sound velocity V of the soil S A function of soil temperature related to the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, and each soil of each texture corresponds to a function independently;
(4) By collecting the speed of sound V of each soil S And (3) establishing a double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures according to a soil temperature function related to the soil sound attenuation coefficient a.
In step S5, the single-chip microcontroller 10 processes the electrical signal data to acquire the soil sound level V S And a soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a; through the stored double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures in the single-chip microcontroller 10, only the soil type and the soil sound degree V need to be selected S And substituting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a into the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature value.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting thereof, but rather as various changes, modifications, substitutions, combinations, and simplifications which may be made therein without departing from the spirit and principles of the invention are intended to be included within the scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device is characterized by comprising a shell, a probe arranged on the shell, an acoustic wave emitter and an acoustic wave collector which are arranged on the probe and a control device, wherein,
the control device comprises a control module arranged on the shell and a control module arranged in the shell, wherein the control module comprises a key assembly and a touch screen; the control module comprises a single-chip microcontroller, a pulse amplifying module and a signal modulating module, wherein,
the single-chip microcontroller is used for controlling the emission of electric signals, the acquisition of quasi-acoustic electric signals, the acquisition of measurement time, the calculation, analysis and storage of measurement results and the display of a touch screen;
the pulse amplification module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave transmitter through a cable and comprises a transmission signal filter circuit and a pulse amplification circuit; the transmitting signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal generated by the single-chip microcontroller, reducing the alternating current component of the pulse electric signal and enabling the pulse electric signal to be regular and smooth; the pulse amplification circuit is used for receiving the pulse electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the power of the pulse electric signal so that the pulse electric signal subjected to power amplification treatment is enough to drive the sound wave transmitter to generate sound waves;
the signal modulation module is connected with the single-chip microcontroller and the sound wave collector through a cable and comprises a quasi-acoustic-electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit; the sound-simulating electric signal filtering circuit is used for receiving the sound-simulating electric signal acquired by the sound wave acquisition device and removing noise of the sound-simulating electric signal; the quasi-acoustic-electric signal amplifying circuit is used for receiving the quasi-acoustic-electric signal subjected to filtering treatment and amplifying the waveform amplitude of the quasi-acoustic-electric signal;
the probes are divided into a first probe and a second probe, wherein the bottoms of the first probe and the second probe are respectively provided with an insertion tip for being inserted into soil; the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector are respectively arranged on the first probe and the second probe.
2. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of claim 1, further comprising a power supply device for providing power required for normal operation of the apparatus.
3. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device according to claim 2, wherein a charging port for charging the power supply device is provided on the housing.
4. The soil temperature acoustic wave detection device of claim 1, wherein a level gauge is provided on the housing, the level gauge being configured to observe whether the first probe and the second probe are vertically inserted into the soil.
5. The detection method of the soil temperature acoustic wave detection method is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, starting a power supply, vertically inserting a first probe and a second probe into a soil layer to be detected, adjusting the insertion depth of the first probe and the second probe into the soil layer, selecting the soil type of the soil to be detected on a touch screen after the device is in a horizontal position, and starting soil temperature detection;
s2, after receiving a transmitted soil temperature detection instruction, the single-chip microcontroller starts timing by an internal timer, and simultaneously, the single-chip microcontroller sends a pulse electric signal to a pulse amplification module, the pulse electric signal reduces alternating current components and becomes regular and smooth after passing through the transmitting signal filtering circuit, and then the pulse electric signal with stable frequency and equivalent power is formed after amplification treatment of the pulse discharging circuit;
s3, the sound wave transmitter receives the pulse electric signals after filtering and power amplification treatment, and converts the pulse electric signals into mechanical vibration to generate sound waves;
s4, after the generated sound wave is transmitted through the soil to be detected, the sound wave collector receives the sound wave carrying the soil information and converts the sound wave into an quasi-sound electric signal, and the quasi-sound electric signal is collected by the single-chip microcontroller after noise removal and signal amplification treatment of a quasi-sound electric signal filter circuit and a quasi-sound electric signal amplifying circuit in the signal modulation module, and at the moment, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing;
s5, analyzing the acquired data signals by the single-chip microcontroller to obtain acoustic waveforms, transmission time, soil sound velocity and acoustic attenuation coefficients, and calculating the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected by using a binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model;
and S6, the single-chip microcontroller sends the final soil temperature information to the touch screen, and the touch screen displays the soil temperature of the soil layer to be detected to a user.
6. The method according to claim 5, wherein in step S5, the soil sound level V S The acquisition steps of (1) are as follows:
when the single-chip microcontroller transmits an electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller starts to count, and the time is recorded as T s The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the When the single-chip microcontroller collects the quasi-acoustic electric signal, a timer in the single-chip microcontroller stops timing, and the time is recorded as T e The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The sum of the time of the electric signal flowing through the pulse amplifying module and the signal modulating module is T d1 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the Acoustic wave transmitter and acoustic wave collector, and time sum of mutual conversion of acoustic signal and electric signal is T d2 Thereby obtaining the time T=T of the sound wave traveling in the soil e -T s -T d1 -T d2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the The distance between the sound wave emitter and the sound wave collector is the propagation distance S of the soil, the ceramic and the soil sound degree V S ＝S/(T e -T s -T d1 -T d2 )。
7. The method according to claim 6, wherein in step S5, the step of collecting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a is:
the single-chip microcontroller performs AD sampling on the quasi-acoustic electric signals, continuously obtains data with different voltage values, records the data as U, takes the voltage value data U as an ordinate and the acquisition time t as an abscissa, and obtains a waveform chart of the binaural parameters after the soil passes through; taking the acquired maximum value U of the voltage max Waveform amplitude, voltage maximum U corresponding to two-tone parameter max And the voltage standard value U n The ratio of (a) is the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, i.e. a=u max /U n 。
8. The method for detecting the soil temperature acoustic wave according to claim 7, wherein the step of establishing the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model is as follows:
(1) Under the condition of keeping the water content of the soil unchanged aiming at the soil with different textures, the sealed soil sample to be measured is placed in a temperature control box, the temperature in the temperature control box is controlled, the temperature is gradually increased from 0 ℃ to 40 ℃ with 5 ℃, each temperature gradient is kept for 12 hours, the soil temperature is consistent with the temperature of the temperature control box,
(2) Respectively carrying out acoustic wave detection tests on soil samples with different temperature gradients of 0-40 ℃ by using an acoustic instrument to obtain acoustic wave speeds V of the soil samples with different temperature gradients s An acoustic attenuation coefficient a;
(3) Respectively preparing soil temperature and soil sound velocity V aiming at the soil with different textures and different water contents s And a relation table of soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, performing curve fitting on table data to obtain a sound velocity V of the soil S A function of soil temperature related to the soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a, and each soil of each texture corresponds to a function independently;
(4) By collecting the speed of sound V of each soil S And (3) establishing a double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures according to a soil temperature function related to the soil sound attenuation coefficient a.
9. The method for detecting a soil temperature acoustic wave according to claim 7, wherein in step S5, the single-chip microcontroller processes the electrical signal data to acquire a soil sound level V S And a soil acoustic attenuation coefficient a; through the stored double-sound parameter-soil temperature empirical model aiming at the sound wave speeds and the sound wave attenuation coefficients of the soil with different textures in the single-chip microcontroller, only the soil type and the soil sound degree V need to be selected S And substituting the soil acoustic wave attenuation coefficient a into the binaural parameter-soil temperature empirical model to calculate the soil temperature value.
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