CN116078691A - Device and method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits - Google Patents
Device and method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits Download PDFInfo
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- CN116078691A CN116078691A CN202310129484.9A CN202310129484A CN116078691A CN 116078691 A CN116078691 A CN 116078691A CN 202310129484 A CN202310129484 A CN 202310129484A CN 116078691 A CN116078691 A CN 116078691A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
- B07C—POSTAL SORTING; SORTING INDIVIDUAL ARTICLES, OR BULK MATERIAL FIT TO BE SORTED PIECE-MEAL, e.g. BY PICKING
- B07C5/00—Sorting according to a characteristic or feature of the articles or material being sorted, e.g. by control effected by devices which detect or measure such characteristic or feature; Sorting by manually actuated devices, e.g. switches
- B07C5/04—Sorting according to size
- B07C5/10—Sorting according to size measured by light-responsive means
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
- G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
- G01B11/08—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques for measuring diameters
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring devices, in particular to a device and a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits. The device comprises a box body, a driving assembly, a detection assembly and a supporting table, wherein the driving assembly, the detection assembly and the supporting table are arranged in the box body. The driving assembly comprises a first screw rod module and a second screw rod module. The first screw rod module is vertically arranged in the box body; the first screw rod module is provided with a motor mounting plate. The motor mounting plate is provided with a motor. The motor drives the second screw rod module to rotate. The detection assembly comprises a connecting plate, an adapter plate and a laser displacement sensor. The connecting plate is arranged on the second screw rod module; the laser displacement sensor is connected with the connecting plate through the adapter plate. The supporting table can be rotatably placed in the box body. The method changes the traditional manual measurement mode, and calculates the fruit volume in real time based on the irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method, so that the measurement is quicker and more accurate; the fruit with different sizes can be measured for multiple times during one-time clamping, and the measurement accuracy is improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of measuring devices, in particular to a device and a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits.
Background
With the vigorous development of the economy in China and the great improvement of the living standard of people, the quality requirements of people on agricultural and sideline products are also higher and higher. Quality detection and classification are an important link in fruit production. Wherein, the important parameter indexes of sorting mainly comprise volume, weight, longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and the like.
It is known that some fruits (such as grapefruits) are irregularly spherical in shape, and the measurement of parameters such as volume, longitudinal diameter and the like cannot be performed by a conventional method for measuring regular spheres. At present, the volume of the irregularly spherical fruits is measured mainly by adopting a drainage method, and although the volume parameters can be measured accurately, the measurement of parameters such as longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and the like is still manual, so that the measurement is very inconvenient, and the situation of large error is easy to occur during the measurement. Therefore, we provide a device and a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problems to be solved by the invention are as follows: the device and the method for detecting the quality sorting parameters of the irregular spherical fruits solve the technical problems that the original measurement is inconvenient and the error is large easily.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: an irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detection device comprises a box body, a driving component, a detection component and a supporting table, wherein the driving component, the detection component and the supporting table are arranged in the box body;
the driving assembly comprises a first screw rod module and a second screw rod module; the first screw rod module is vertically arranged in the box body; a motor mounting plate is arranged on the sliding block of the first screw rod module, and the motor mounting plate is perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding block; a motor is arranged on the side surface, which is attached to the sliding block, of the motor mounting plate, and a rotating shaft of the motor penetrates through the motor mounting plate to be connected with the second screw rod module; in the initial state, the second screw rod module is parallel to the first screw rod module;
the detection assembly comprises a connecting plate, an adapter plate and a laser displacement sensor, wherein the connecting plate is arranged on a sliding block of the second screw rod module; the adapter plate is arranged on the side face of the connecting plate; the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the side surface of the adapter plate, and the detection direction of the laser displacement sensor is parallel to the movement direction of the second screw rod module;
the supporting table can be rotatably placed in the box body, and the rotation center line of the supporting table is overlapped with the detection line of the laser displacement sensor.
Further, the supporting table comprises a turntable, a rotating shaft and a supporting column; the rotating disc is horizontally arranged, and the rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the rotating disc; the support column is provided with several, and evenly distributed is at the upper surface of carousel.
Further, a plurality of slotted holes are uniformly formed in the upper surface of the turntable along the circumferential direction, the slotted holes are V-shaped, and the openings of the slotted holes extend to the side surface of the turntable; the slotted hole penetrates to the lower surface of the turntable.
Further, symmetrical trimming surfaces are arranged on the outer sides of the upper ends of the support columns; the center line of the edge line of the trimming surface coincides with the radial line of the turntable.
Further, a sliding groove is formed in the side face of the connecting plate, a lug matched with the sliding groove is arranged on the side face of the adapter plate, and the lug is inlaid in the sliding groove.
Further, the motor is a turbine deceleration stepper motor.
Further, a control component is arranged on the outer side of the box body; the control assembly comprises a display screen, a control module and a plurality of buttons; the display screen and the buttons are all connected with the control module through electrical signals.
A method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits comprises the following steps;
a. measuring the transverse diameter of the object to be measured through the driving assembly and the laser displacement sensor;
b. determining an initial angle alpha and a base angle delta of an object to be measured, and calculating an angle to be measured by the laser displacement sensor in the radial direction;
c. after the laser displacement sensor rotates by an initial angle alpha, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured, and recording a numerical value A n Setting the angle beta of each rotation of the laser displacement sensor, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured after the rotation angle beta of the laser displacement sensor, and recording the numerical value A n+1 According to the value A n And A n+1 Three-dimensional cutting based on irregular curved surfaceMeasuring and calculating the fruit volume in real time;
the formula for calculating the volume is:
r n ＝A n s i n(α+βn)……(1)
r n+1 ＝A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1))……(2)
r＝(r n +r n+1 )/2……(3)
S n ＝π.r……(4)
wherein r is n To detect the radius of the horizontal section corresponding to the point, substituting the formulas corresponding to (1), (2) and (3) into (4) can obtain:
the nth layer cross-sectional area is:
S n ＝π〔(A n s i n(α+βn)+A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 ……(5)
the angle between two adjacent detection points is small, which can be seen as a cylinder, and therefore,
the volume of the nth layer is as follows: v (V) n ＝S n .h……(6)
h＝|h n -h n+1 |……(7)
h n ＝A n cos(α+βn)……(8)
h n+1 ＝A n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))……(9)
Substituting the formulas corresponding to (7), (8) and (9) into (6) can obtain:
V n ＝π〔(A n s i n(α+βn)+A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 .|A n cos(α+βn)-A
n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))|……(10)
wherein A is n Alpha is the initial angle, beta is the angle of each rotation, and n is the natural number 1,2,3.
The volumes of each layer are added up, and the approximate volumes of the top and the bottom are considered, so that the total volume of the fruit is obtained:
V total (S) ＝V Top part +V 1 +V 2 +...+V n +V n+1 +V Bottom part ……(11)
The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the device and the method for detecting the quality sorting parameters of the irregular spherical fruits, provided by the invention, the longitudinal diameter and the transverse diameter of the fruits are measured through the laser displacement sensor, so that the traditional manual measurement mode is changed, and the measurement is quicker and more accurate; the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor is adjustable in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that fruits with different sizes can be measured; in addition, the supporting table is of a rotatable structure, so that the fruit can be measured for multiple indexes such as longitudinal diameters, transverse diameters and the like under the condition of clamping once, and the measurement accuracy is improved; further, the fruit volume is measured and calculated in real time based on an irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method, and the accuracy of volume parameter measurement is ensured; the device has simple structure, convenient operation, firmness, durability, practicality and economy, meets the requirements of fruit farmers on field use, greatly improves the production efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of the fruit farmers, and promotes the construction of agricultural modernization in China.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detecting device and method according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating an internal structure of an apparatus and a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an internal structure of a detecting unit of the device and method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention when the detecting unit is rotated to a horizontal state;
FIG. 4 is an exploded view of a detection assembly of an apparatus and method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregularly shaped fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 5 is a schematic structural view of a support table of an apparatus and a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 6 is a schematic diagram showing a method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Description of the reference numerals:
1. a case; 2. a drive assembly; 21. the first screw rod module; 22. the second screw rod module;
23. a motor mounting plate; 24. a motor; 3. a detection assembly; 31. a connecting plate; 31a, a chute;
32. an adapter plate; 32a, bumps; 33. a laser displacement sensor; 4. a support table;
41. a turntable; 41a, slot holes; 42. a rotating shaft; 43. a support column; 43a, a trimming surface;
5. a control assembly; 51. a display screen; 52. a control module; 53. a button.
Detailed Description
In order to describe the technical contents, the achieved objects and effects of the present invention in detail, the following description will be made with reference to the embodiments in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detection device and method comprises a box body 1, a driving component 2, a detection component 3 and a supporting table 4, wherein the driving component 2, the detection component 3 and the supporting table 4 are arranged in the box body 1;
the driving assembly 2 comprises a first screw rod module 21 and a second screw rod module 22; the first screw rod module 21 is vertically arranged in the box body 1; a motor mounting plate 23 is arranged on the sliding block of the first screw rod module 21, and the motor mounting plate 23 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding block; a motor 24 is arranged on the side surface, which is attached to the sliding block, of the motor mounting plate 23, and a rotating shaft of the motor 24 penetrates through the motor mounting plate 23 to be connected with the second screw rod module 22; in the initial state, the second screw rod module 22 is parallel to the first screw rod module 21;
the detection assembly 3 comprises a connecting plate 31, an adapter plate 32 and a laser displacement sensor 33, wherein the connecting plate 31 is arranged on a sliding block of the second screw rod module 22; the adapter plate 32 is arranged on the side surface of the connecting plate 31; the laser displacement sensor 33 is arranged on the side surface of the adapter plate 32, and the detection direction of the laser displacement sensor 33 is parallel to the movement direction of the second screw rod module 33;
the supporting table 4 is rotatably arranged in the box body 1, and the rotation center line of the supporting table 4 is overlapped with the detection line of the laser displacement sensor 33.
From the above description, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the longitudinal diameter and the transverse diameter of the fruits are measured through the laser displacement sensor 33, so that the traditional manual measurement mode is changed, and the measurement is quicker and more accurate; the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor 33 is adjustable in both the horizontal and vertical directions, so that fruits of different sizes can be measured; in addition, the supporting table 4 is of a rotatable structure, so that the fruit can be measured for multiple indexes such as longitudinal diameter, transverse diameter and the like under the condition of clamping once, and the measurement accuracy is improved; further, the fruit volume is measured and calculated in real time based on an irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method, and the accuracy of volume parameter measurement is ensured; the device has simple structure, convenient operation, firmness, durability, practicality and economy, meets the requirements of fruit farmers on field use, greatly improves the production efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of the fruit farmers, and promotes the construction of agricultural modernization in China.
More preferably, the support table 4 includes a turntable 41, a rotating shaft 42, and a support column 43; the rotary table 41 is horizontally arranged, and the rotary shaft 42 is arranged at the bottom of the rotary table 41; the three support columns 43 are uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the turntable 41.
As apparent from the above description, a structure in which the support table 4 is rotatably provided in the case 1 is disclosed; in addition, a supporting column 43 is provided on the turntable 41 for supporting fruits to be measured; by the three support columns 43, the fruit to be measured can be supported at three support points, and it is ensured that the fruit to be measured does not displace on the turntable 41.
More preferably, the upper surface of the turntable 41 is uniformly provided with a plurality of slots 41a along the circumferential direction, the slots 41a are V-shaped, and the openings thereof extend to the side surface of the turntable 41; the slot 41a penetrates to the lower surface of the turntable 41.
As can be seen from the above description, by providing the slot 41a, the laser emitted from the laser displacement sensor 33 can pass through the slot 41a, so that the longitudinal parameter of the position below the fruit to be detected can be detected, and the accuracy of detection can be improved.
More preferably, the outer side of the upper end of the supporting column 43 is provided with a symmetrical trimming surface 43a; the center line of the edge line of the trimming surface 43a coincides with the radial line of the turntable 41.
As can be seen from the above description, by the above arrangement, the edge-cutting surface 43a of each supporting column 43 is ensured to be attached to the surface of the fruit to be measured, so that the supporting force is better and the stability is improved.
More preferably, a sliding groove 31a is provided on a side surface of the connecting plate 31, a bump 32a adapted to the sliding groove 31a is provided on a side surface of the adapter plate 32, and the bump 32a is embedded in the sliding groove 31 a.
As is clear from the above description, by the above arrangement, the adapter plate 32 is more stable when connected with the connecting plate 31, and is less prone to shake, thereby improving the stability of the laser displacement sensor 33 during measurement.
More preferably, the motor 24 is a turbine reduction stepper motor.
As is apparent from the above description, when measuring the transverse diameters of fruits to be detected of different sizes, the angles of rotation of the laser displacement sensor 33 are also different due to the different sizes of fruits to be detected, and by the above arrangement, the motor 24 can rotate by the set angles as instructed; thereby rotating the laser displacement sensor 33 by a set angle; the excessive rotation of the laser displacement sensor 33 is effectively avoided, the detection time is shortened, and the detection efficiency is improved.
More preferably, the control assembly 5 is arranged on the outer side of the box body 1; the control assembly 5 comprises a display screen 51, a control module 52 and eight buttons 53; the display screen 51, the buttons 53 and the control module 52 are connected by electric signals.
As can be seen from the above description, by the above arrangement, the detected data can be displayed on the display screen 51, facilitating the observation and recording of the operator; the arrangement of the plurality of keys 53 facilitates the corresponding operation of operators; is convenient and quick.
Example 1
The invention is applied to the quality sorting parameter detection operation of irregular spherical fruits such as grapefruits and the like.
Referring to fig. 1-6, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: an irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detection device and method comprises a box body 1, a driving component 2, a detection component 3 and a supporting table 4, wherein the driving component 2, the detection component 3 and the supporting table 4 are arranged in the box body 1;
the driving assembly 2 comprises a first screw rod module 21 and a second screw rod module 22; the first screw rod module 21 is vertically arranged in the box body 1; a motor mounting plate 23 is arranged on the sliding block of the first screw rod module 21, and the motor mounting plate 23 is perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding block; the motor 24 is arranged on the side surface of the motor mounting plate 23, which is attached to the sliding block, and the motor 24 is a turbine speed reduction stepping motor; the rotating shaft of the motor 24 passes through the motor mounting plate 23 and is connected with the second screw rod module 22; in the initial state, the second screw rod module 22 is parallel to the first screw rod module 21;
the detection assembly 3 comprises a connecting plate 31, an adapter plate 32 and a laser displacement sensor 33, wherein the connecting plate 31 is arranged on a sliding block of the second screw rod module 22; the adapter plate 32 is arranged on the side surface of the connecting plate 31; the side surface of the connecting plate 31 is provided with a chute 31a, the side surface of the adapter plate 32 is provided with a projection 32a matched with the chute 31a, and the projection 32a is embedded in the chute 31 a; the laser displacement sensor 33 is arranged on the side surface of the adapter plate 32, and the detection direction of the laser displacement sensor 33 is parallel to the movement direction of the second screw rod module 33;
the supporting table 4 is rotatably arranged in the box body 1, and the rotation center line of the supporting table 4 is overlapped with the detection line of the laser displacement sensor 33; the support table 4 comprises a turntable 41, a rotating shaft 42 and a support column 43; the turntable 41 is horizontally arranged, a plurality of slotted holes 41a are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the turntable 41 along the circumferential direction, the slotted holes 41a are V-shaped, and the openings of the slotted holes extend to the side surface of the turntable 41; the slot 41a penetrates to the lower surface of the turntable 41; the rotating shaft 42 is arranged at the bottom of the turntable 41; three support columns 43 are arranged and uniformly distributed on the upper surface of the turntable 41; the outer side of the upper end of the stay 43 is provided with a symmetrical trimming surface 43a; the center line of the edge line of the trimming surface 43a coincides with the radial line of the turntable 41;
a control assembly 5 is arranged on the outer side of the box body 1; the control assembly 5 comprises a display screen 51, a control module 52 and eight buttons 53; the display screen 51, the buttons 53 and the control module 52 are connected by electric signals.
A method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits comprises the following steps;
a. measuring the transverse diameter of the object to be measured by the driving assembly 2 and the laser displacement sensor 33;
b. determining an initial angle alpha and a base angle delta of an object to be measured, and calculating an angle to be measured by the laser displacement sensor 33 in the radial direction;
c. after the laser displacement sensor 33 rotates by an initial angle alpha, the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured is measured, and the value A is recorded n Setting the angle beta of each rotation of the laser displacement sensor 33, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured after the rotation of the laser displacement sensor 33 by the angle beta, and recording the value A n+1 According to the value A n And A n+1 Measuring and calculating the volume of the fruit in real time based on an irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method;
the formula for calculating the volume is:
r n ＝A n s i n(α+βn)……(1)
r n+1 ＝A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1))……(2)
r＝(r n +r n+1 )/2……(3)
S n ＝π.r……(4)
wherein r is n To detect the radius of the horizontal section corresponding to the point, substituting the formulas corresponding to (1), (2) and (3) into (4) can obtain:
the nth layer cross-sectional area is:
S n ＝π〔(A n s i n(α+βn)+A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 ……(5)
the angle between two adjacent detection points is small, which can be seen as a cylinder, and therefore,
the volume of the nth layer is as follows: v (V) n ＝S n .h……(6)
h＝|h n -h n+1 |……(7)
h n ＝A n cos(α+βn)……(8)
h n+1 ＝A n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))……(9)
Substituting the formulas corresponding to (7), (8) and (9) into (6) can obtain:
V n ＝π〔(A n s i n(α+βn)+A n+1 s i n(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 .|A n cos(α+βn)-A
n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))|……(10)
wherein A is n Alpha is the initial angle, beta is the angle of each rotation, and n is the natural number 1,2,3.
The volumes of each layer are added up, and the approximate volumes of the top and the bottom are considered, so that the total volume of the fruit is obtained:
V total (S) ＝V Top part +V 1 +V 2 +...+V n +V n+1 +V Bottom part ……(11)
In this example, the initial angle alpha is taken to be 20 deg., the base angle delta is taken to be 30 deg., the angle of rotation beta is taken to be 2 deg.,
according to step b, the total measured angle=180 ° -20 ° -30 ° =130° can be calculated,
each time 2 deg. of rotation, the number of measurements m=130/2=65,
i.e. the value of n can be determined to be 1,2, 3..65
The volume between two adjacent detection points can be calculated according to the formula (10), and then the total volume is calculated according to the formula (11).
The working principle of the invention is as follows: during measurement, fruits to be measured are firstly placed on three support columns 43 on the upper surface of the rotary table 41, and the outer surfaces of the fruits to be measured are respectively attached to the trimming surfaces 43a of the support columns 43;
in the initial position, the height value between the laser displacement sensor 33 and the turntable 31 is fixed, so that when the fruit to be measured is placed on the upper surface of the turntable 41, the motor in the first screw rod module 21 is started, the sliding block moves downwards, the laser displacement sensor 33 moves towards the upper surface of the fruit to be measured, the value is measured, and the value is compared with the initial value, so that the longitudinal diameter of the fruit to be measured is calculated;
when measuring the transverse diameter, the rotation radius of the laser displacement sensor 33 is different in the rotation process of fruits with different longitudinal diameters, so that the second screw rod module 22 is started according to the longitudinal diameter, and the laser displacement sensor 33 is positioned at a proper position with the measurement radius; then, the motor 24 is started to drive the laser displacement sensor 33 to perform rotary motion, and the distance (namely the transverse diameter) from the surface of the fruit to the center of the turntable 41 is measured;
the turntable 41 on the supporting table 4 is rotatable around the rotation shaft 42, so that the laser displacement sensor 33 can measure the longitudinal diameter and the transverse diameter of a plurality of fruits to be measured by rotating the turntable 41; and further, the fruit volume is measured and calculated in real time based on an irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method, so that the accuracy of volume parameter measurement is ensured.
In summary, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: the longitudinal diameter and the transverse diameter of the fruits are measured through the laser displacement sensor, and the traditional manual measurement mode is changed, so that the measurement is quicker and more accurate; the measuring position of the laser displacement sensor is adjustable in the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that fruits with different sizes can be measured; in addition, the supporting table is of a rotatable structure, so that the fruit can be measured for multiple indexes such as longitudinal diameters, transverse diameters and the like under the condition of clamping once, and the measurement accuracy is improved; further, the fruit volume is measured and calculated in real time based on an irregular curved surface three-dimensional cutting method, and the accuracy of volume parameter measurement is ensured; the device has simple structure, convenient operation, firmness, durability, practicality and economy, meets the requirements of fruit farmers on field use, greatly improves the production efficiency, reduces the labor intensity of the fruit farmers, and promotes the construction of agricultural modernization in China.
In addition, support columns are arranged for supporting irregular test objects such as grapefruits and the like; the test objects can be supported at different supporting points through the plurality of supporting columns, so that the placed objects are ensured not to displace on the turntable; the side cut face that the upper end outside of support column set up is laminated with the surface of placing the thing, has better holding power, improves stability.
The foregoing description is only illustrative of the present invention and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention, and all equivalent changes made by the specification and drawings of the present invention, or direct or indirect application in the relevant art, are included in the scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. An irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detection device comprises a box body, a driving component, a detection component and a supporting table, wherein the driving component, the detection component and the supporting table are arranged in the box body; it is characterized in that the method comprises the steps of,
the driving assembly comprises a first screw rod module and a second screw rod module; the first screw rod module is vertically arranged in the box body; a motor mounting plate is arranged on the sliding block of the first screw rod module, and the motor mounting plate is perpendicular to the moving direction of the sliding block; a motor is arranged on the side surface, which is attached to the sliding block, of the motor mounting plate, and a rotating shaft of the motor penetrates through the motor mounting plate to be connected with the second screw rod module; in the initial state, the second screw rod module is parallel to the first screw rod module;
the detection assembly comprises a connecting plate, an adapter plate and a laser displacement sensor, wherein the connecting plate is arranged on a sliding block of the second screw rod module; the adapter plate is arranged on the side face of the connecting plate; the laser displacement sensor is arranged on the side surface of the adapter plate, and the detection direction of the laser displacement sensor is parallel to the movement direction of the second screw rod module;
the supporting table can be rotatably placed in the box body, and the rotation center line of the supporting table is overlapped with the detection line of the laser displacement sensor.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the support table comprises a turntable, a rotating shaft, and a support column; the rotating disc is horizontally arranged, and the rotating shaft is arranged at the bottom of the rotating disc; the support column is provided with several, and evenly distributed is at the upper surface of carousel.
3. The device for detecting the quality sorting parameters of the irregular spherical fruits according to claim 2, wherein a plurality of slots are uniformly arranged on the upper surface of the turntable along the circumferential direction, the slots are V-shaped, and the openings of the slots extend to the side surface of the turntable; the slotted hole penetrates to the lower surface of the turntable.
4. The device for detecting the quality sorting parameters of the irregular spherical fruits according to claim 2, wherein symmetrical trimming surfaces are arranged on the outer sides of the upper ends of the supporting columns; the center line of the edge line of the trimming surface coincides with the radial line of the turntable.
5. The device for detecting the quality sorting parameters of the irregular spherical fruits according to claim 1, wherein a chute is arranged on the side face of the connecting plate, a lug matched with the chute is arranged on the side face of the adapter plate, and the lug is inlaid in the chute.
6. The apparatus for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregularly spherical fruits according to claim 1, wherein said motor is a turbine reduction stepping motor.
7. The irregular spherical fruit quality sorting parameter detecting device according to claim 1, wherein a control component is arranged on the outer side of the box body; the control assembly comprises a display screen, a control module and a plurality of buttons; the display screen and the buttons are all connected with the control module through electrical signals.
8. A method for detecting quality sorting parameters of irregular spherical fruits based on the detection device of claims 1-7, characterized by comprising the following steps;
a. measuring the transverse diameter of the object to be measured through the driving assembly and the laser displacement sensor;
b. determining an initial angle alpha and a base angle delta of an object to be measured, and calculating an angle to be measured by the laser displacement sensor in the radial direction;
c. after the laser displacement sensor rotates by an initial angle alpha, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured, and recording a numerical value A n Setting the angle beta of each rotation of the laser displacement sensor, measuring the longitudinal diameter of the surface of the object to be measured after the rotation angle beta of the laser displacement sensor, and recording the numerical value A n+1 According to the value A n And A n+1 Three-dimensional cutting based on irregular curved surfaceMeasuring and calculating the fruit volume in real time;
the formula for calculating the volume is:
r n ＝A n sin(α+βn)……(1)
r n+1 ＝A n+1 sin(α+β(n+1))……(2)
r＝(r n +r n+1 )/2……(3)
S n ＝π.r……(4)
wherein r is n To detect the radius of the horizontal section corresponding to the point, substituting the formulas corresponding to (1), (2) and (3) into (4) can obtain:
the nth layer cross-sectional area is:
S n ＝π〔(A n sin(α+βn)+A n+1 sin(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 ……(5)
the angle between two adjacent detection points is small, which can be seen as a cylinder, and therefore,
the volume of the nth layer is as follows: v (V) n ＝S n .h……(6)
h＝|h n -h n+1 |……(7)
h n ＝A n cos(α+βn)……(8)
h n+1 ＝A n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))……(9)
Substituting the formulas corresponding to (7), (8) and (9) into (6) can obtain:
V n ＝π〔(A n sin(α+βn)+A n+1 sin(α+β(n+1)))/2〕 2 .|A n cos(α+βn)-A
n+1 cos(α+β(n+1))|……(10)
wherein A is n Alpha is the initial angle, beta is the angle of each rotation, and n is the natural number 1,2,3.
The volumes of each layer are added up, and the approximate volumes of the top and the bottom are considered, so that the total volume of the fruit is obtained:
V total (S) ＝V Top part +V 1 +V 2 +...+V n +V n+1 +V Bottom part ……(11)。
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