CN116073235A - Spark electrical characteristic test system of spark plug and spark energy calculation method - Google Patents
Spark electrical characteristic test system of spark plug and spark energy calculation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A spark electrical characteristic test system and a spark energy calculation method for a spark plug belong to the technical field of engines. The industrial personal computer is in signal connection with a power supply through the PLC control system, the power supply is in electric connection with the spark plug, the positive electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe is in electric connection with the positive electrode of the spark plug through a probe of the voltage probe connector, the negative electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe is in electric connection with the negative electrode of the spark plug, the coil of the current signal current probe is in electric connection with the live wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug, the zero wire connecting wire of the current signal current probe is in electric connection with the zero wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug, and the impedance matcher is arranged on a collecting loop among the voltage signal high-voltage probe, the current signal current probe and the high-speed data collecting and converting module; the signal output end of the impedance matcher is connected with the signal input end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module, and the signal output end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer. The invention is used for spark electrical characteristic test and energy calculation.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of engines, and particularly relates to a spark electrical characteristic test system of a spark plug and a spark energy calculation method.
Background
The magnitude of the spark energy has a direct effect on the performance of the engine, while the measurement of the spark energy value is mainly performed from two aspects, namely a spark electrical characteristic test and a spark physical form test.
According to the current state of development in this field, the methods for measuring spark energy mainly include the following three methods: 1. a three-pole needle discharge method measurement method; the method uses a standard tripolar needle discharger to represent the spark energy, and considers that the spark electrode distance of 1 mm represents that the spark voltage is 1500V; or the spark energy is described by the discharge gap size of a ball gap discharger which is more accurate than the measurement of pulse high voltage, and the method is adopted for evaluating the ignition performance of the magneto according to the magneto standard in China. Although this method is simple, the magnitude of the discharge current affects the energy of the spark, and thus the spark energy cannot be accurately reflected. 2. An oscilloscope measurement method; the oscilloscope measurement method has the advantages that the method is simple and direct, and the spark energy can be obtained through simple calculation by measuring the obtained discharge voltage and current data. However, the defects are also obvious, such as incapability of displaying spark energy in real time, manual derivation of data collected in an oscilloscope after each test, calculation and acquisition, and when the number of tests is large and the data size is large, the limitation in the oscilloscope is limited, the data is required to be derived from time to time, manual recalculation is required, the efficiency is low, and the spark energy value cannot be synchronously obtained, a test report can be directly generated, and the like. Thus, the oscilloscope test method is only suitable for preliminary spark discharge testing or verifying other online real-time measurement analysis schemes. 3. Calorimeter measurements; the calorimeter measurement method is an indirect measurement method, the energy of the spark plug discharge is represented by measuring the temperature difference before and after the spark plug discharge, the whole system is complex, the operation is not only inconvenient, but also the measurement accuracy is poor due to the influence of the ambient temperature.
In summary, the three-electrode needle discharge method measurement method, the oscilloscope measurement method and the calorimeter measurement method are all indirect measurement methods, namely: the measuring part is positioned at a position far away from the spark plug in the circuit loop, the energy of the spark plug is greatly attenuated at the measuring position, the energy of the spark plug is represented by an indirect signal, the whole system is complex, the operation is inconvenient, the influence of the surrounding environment is easy to suffer, and the measuring accuracy is low. In addition, the existing measuring method does not adopt an over-high-speed measuring technology (more than 2CSPS sampling rate) to measure the energy of the spark plug, so that the signal acquisition period of high-frequency discharge of the spark plug is short and a large amount of effective data is lost. In addition, the existing method cannot directly calculate and process the data (complicated steps are needed to process the data), and the information contained in the data output is neither intuitive nor comprehensive.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a spark electrical characteristic test system and a spark energy calculation method of a spark plug, aiming at the problems existing in the prior engine igniter spark energy measurement method.
The invention relates to a spark electrical characteristic test system of a spark plug, which adopts a voltage signal high-voltage probe, a current signal current probe and a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module to directly measure the voltage and the current in the discharging process of an engine ignition system in real time; and then calculating the spark energy in real time by a spark energy calculation method.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows:
a spark electrical characteristic test system of a spark plug comprises a power supply, a voltage signal high-voltage probe, a current signal current probe, an impedance matcher, a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module, an industrial personal computer and a PLC control system;
the power supply is electrically connected with a spark plug of an engine ignition system through a PLC control system, the power supply adjusts the output state and output parameters through receiving a command of the industrial personal computer, the positive electrode of the front end of a voltage signal high-voltage probe is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the spark plug through a probe of a voltage probe connector, the negative electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the spark plug, a coil of the front end of a current signal current probe is electrically connected with a live wire of a power supply wire of the spark plug, a zero wire connecting wire of the current signal current probe is electrically connected with a zero wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug, and an impedance matcher is arranged on a collecting loop among the voltage signal high-voltage probe, the current signal current probe and a high-speed data collecting and converting module; the signal output end of the impedance matcher is connected with the signal input end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module, and the signal output end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer;
the power supply is used for supplying power to the spark plug according to the control command of the industrial personal computer;
the voltage signal high-voltage probe is used for collecting the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal of the spark plug;
the current signal current probe is used for collecting a spark discharge instantaneous current signal of the spark plug;
the impedance matcher is used for eliminating signal distortion and background noise caused by the original impedance of the circuit;
the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module is used for acquiring the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal output by the voltage signal high-voltage probe and the current signal current probe and converting the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal into corresponding digital signals;
the industrial personal computer is used for collecting, processing and displaying the corresponding digital signals and sending control commands to the power supply through the PLC control system;
and the PLC control system is used for providing overload and power-off protection for the spark electrical characteristic test system.
A method of performing spark energy calculations using a spark electrical property testing system, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: firstly, mounting and fixing a spark plug on a spark plug clamp of a spark electrical property test clamp, mounting and fixing a voltage probe connector on a probe clamp of the spark electrical property test clamp, and enabling the spark plug and the probe to be coaxial; then, directly measuring the spark of the spark plug by utilizing a voltage signal high-voltage probe and a current signal current probe of the spark electrical characteristic test system to obtain a voltage value and a current value, establishing a coordinate system and drawing a voltage current curve;
step two: according to the voltage-current curve, calculating the peak voltage and the peak current of the spark by using the industrial personal computer according to the formula (I) and the formula (II);
In formula (one):
for discharging voltage>
Is the spark peak voltage;
in the formula (II), the components are mixed,
for discharging current, +.>
Is the spark peak current;
the industrial personal computer generates voltage according to the peak value of the spark
And peak current->
Calculating peak power by formula (III);
In the formula (III), the compound of the formula (III),
peak power;
the industrial personal computer obtains the discharge duration according to the voltage-current curve, and then obtains the discharge energy in a formula numerical integration mode;
In formula (IV):
for instantaneous power, +.>
Is->
Subsampled voltage, +.>
Is the first
Subsampling current, +.>
For the sampling period +.>
Is the number of samples in the discharge time.
Further, the spark electrical characteristic test fixture comprises a spark plug fixture, a probe fixture, a tool bottom plate, a probe and two tension springs; the spark plug clamp comprises a spark plug clamp head, a spark plug quick clamp, a spark plug clamp plate, a buffer fixing seat and two buffers; the probe clamp comprises a positioning block, two linear guide rails, a probe clamp base, an electrode clamp plate, an electrode quick clamp, a voltage probe connector and a probe clamp head;
the front and rear parts of the probe clamp and the spark plug clamp are opposite to and fixed on the tool bottom plate; the concrete structure is as follows: the buffer fixing seat, the positioning block and the two linear guide rails are all fixed on the tool bottom plate, the two linear guide rails are arranged in parallel left and right, the positioning block is arranged between the two linear guide rails, the probe clamp base is arranged on the two linear guide rails in a sliding mode, one side, opposite to the buffer fixing seat, of the probe clamp base is limited by the positioning block, the electrode clamp plate is fixed at the upper end of the probe clamp base, the electrode quick clamp and the electrode clamp plate are in sliding and detachable fixed connection, the probe clamp is fixed through the electrode quick clamp in a clamping mode, the voltage probe connector is fixed on the probe clamp through the probe clamp locking nut clamp, and the voltage probe connector is fixedly provided with a probe;
the two buffers are fixed on the opposite side surfaces of the buffer fixing seat and the probe clamp base, the spark plug clamp plate is fixed at the upper end of the buffer fixing seat, the spark plug quick clamp and the spark plug clamp plate slide and can be detachably and fixedly connected, the spark plug clamp is fastened and fixed through the spark plug quick clamp, the spark plug is clamped and fixed through the spark plug clamp, and the spark plug and the probe are coaxial; before the spark plug is clamped and fixed by the spark plug chuck, insulating tape is wound on the surface of the spark plug for insulating treatment; the two tension springs are arranged at the left side and the right side of the two buffers, and the two ends of the two tension springs are respectively connected with the buffer fixing seat and the probe clamp base.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the invention greatly improves the measurement efficiency while meeting the measurement requirement and the precision, and solves the problems and defects existing in the prior art.
2. The invention can realize wide voltage and current measuring range, the measuring position is just at the spark plug fire port, the distance from the spark detonation position is almost zero, and the energy value of the spark plug is almost not attenuated. The frequency can be from a few Hz to tens MHz, the voltage range is from mV level to KV level, and the current range is from mA level to KA level, so that the problem of repeated consistency attenuation of the test value caused by the defects of the traditional measurement method is solved, and the problems of limited voltage and current test range and low precision are also solved.
(1) On the premise that the spark plug is connected with a power supply and is correctly installed on a clamp, the positive electrode at the front end of a voltage signal high-voltage probe is connected to a probe of a voltage probe connector, and meanwhile, the probe is inserted into an inner core (positive electrode of the spark plug) of the spark plug, and keeps good contact, and meanwhile, does not contact with the outer wall of the spark plug; the front end clip of the voltage signal high-voltage probe (the negative electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe) is clamped on the outer wall of the spark plug (the negative electrode of the spark plug).
(2) The rear end of the voltage signal high-voltage probe, namely the output end of the voltage signal high-voltage probe, is connected with the voltage attenuator through a radio frequency wire (BNC (female interface) to SMA (shape memory alloy) wire, and then is connected to an A interface of the AD acquisition card at the rear end of the computer through the radio frequency wire (SMA to SMA wire), so that the problem of signal acquisition exceeding range of the voltage signal high-voltage probe can be solved.
(3) Under the premise that the spark plug is connected with a power supply and is correctly installed on a clamp, a coil at the front end of a current signal current probe is sleeved on a live wire of a power supply line of the spark plug, then clamps at two ends of a zero line connecting wire are respectively clamped at exposed layers (namely, zero lines) of two outer walls of the power supply line of the spark plug, and the shortest detection distance can be realized to form a loop.
(4) The rear end of the current signal current probe, namely the output end of the current signal current probe, is connected with the current attenuator through a radio frequency wire (BNC (male port) to SMA (shape memory alloy) wire), and then is connected to the B interface of the AD acquisition card at the rear end of the computer through the radio frequency wire (SMA to SMA wire), so that the problem of signal acquisition exceeding range of the current signal current probe can be solved.
3. The impedance matcher is arranged in the test system, so that signal distortion and background noise caused by the original impedance of the circuit are eliminated, measured value errors and measuring range errors are greatly reduced, and real-time accurate acquisition of signals is realized.
In addition, the invention has the following advantages:
1) The invention has clear principle and simple structure, and can complete all measurement of the electrical characteristics of the spark plug only through the voltage signal high-voltage probe and the current signal current probe;
2) The invention belongs to a direct measurement method, has high measurement precision and stable signal;
3) The invention belongs to an online measurement method, which can directly analyze and process data obtained by online measurement so as to obtain parameters of spark energy in real time and is used for evaluating the performance of a spark plug.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a block flow diagram of a spark electrical characteristic testing system for a spark plug of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a front view of the spark electrical characteristics testing fixture of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a top view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a left side view of FIG. 2;
fig. 5 is an isometric view of a spark electrical property testing fixture of the present invention.
The component names and reference numerals referred to in the above figures are as follows:
tool bottom plate 1, locating block 2, linear guide rail 3, probe fixture base 4, electrode fixture plate 5, electrode fast clamp 6, spark plug fast clamp 7, spark plug fixture plate 8, buffer fixing seat 9, tension spring 10, buffer 11, spark plug chuck 12, spark plug 13, probe 14, probe chuck 15, power supply 16, voltage signal high voltage probe 17, current signal current probe 18, impedance matcher 19, high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20, industrial computer 21, PLC control system 22, voltage probe connector 23, lock nut one 24, lock nut two 25.
Description of the embodiments
The technical solutions of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the invention, but not all embodiments, and all other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art without making creative efforts based on the embodiments of the present invention are all within the protection scope of the present invention.
The first embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, the present embodiment discloses a spark electrical characteristic test system of a spark plug, which includes a power supply 16, a voltage signal high voltage probe 17, a current signal current probe 18, an impedance matcher 19, a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20, an industrial personal computer 21 and a PLC control system 22;
the industrial personal computer 21 is in signal connection with the power supply 16 through the PLC control system 22, the power supply 16 is electrically connected with the spark plug 13 of the engine ignition system, and the power supply 16 adjusts the output state (constant current and constant voltage modes) and the output parameters (voltage and current amplitude) through receiving the command of the industrial personal computer 21; the positive electrode of the front end of the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the spark plug 13 through the probe 14 of the voltage probe connector 23, the negative electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the spark plug 13, the coil of the front end of the current signal current probe 18 is electrically connected with the live wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug 13, the zero wire connecting wire of the current signal current probe 18 is electrically connected with the zero wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug 13, and the impedance matcher 19 is arranged on the acquisition loop among the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17, the current signal current probe 18 and the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20; the signal output end of the impedance matcher 19 is connected with the signal input end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20, and the signal output end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer 21;
a power supply 16 for supplying power to the ignition plug 13 according to a control command of the industrial personal computer 21;
the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 is used for collecting the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal of the spark plug 13;
a current signal current probe 18 for collecting a spark discharge instantaneous current signal of the spark plug 13;
an impedance matcher 19 (an existing component) for eliminating signal distortion and background noise caused by the original impedance of the circuit;
the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 is used for acquiring the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal output by the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 and the current signal current probe 18 and converting the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal into corresponding digital signals;
the industrial personal computer 21 is used for collecting, processing and displaying the corresponding digital signals and sending control commands to the power supply 16 through the PLC control system 22;
and a PLC control system 22 for providing overload and power-off protection for the spark electrical characteristics testing system.
The second embodiment is as follows: as shown in fig. 1-5, the present embodiment discloses a spark energy calculation method using the spark electrical characteristics testing system of embodiment one, the method comprising the steps of:
step one: the spark plug 13 is firstly installed and fixed on a spark plug clamp of a spark electrical characteristic test clamp, the voltage probe connector 23 is installed and fixed on a probe clamp of the spark electrical characteristic test clamp, and the spark plug 13 and the probe 14 are coaxial; then, the voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 and the current signal current probe 18 of the spark electrical characteristic testing system are utilized to directly measure the spark of the spark plug 13 to obtain a voltage value and a current value, a coordinate system is established, and a voltage current curve is drawn;
step two: according to the voltage-current curve, calculating the peak voltage and the peak current of the spark by using the industrial personal computer 21 according to a formula (I) and a formula (II) (realized by software in the industrial personal computer 21);
In formula (one):
for discharging voltage>
Is the spark peak voltage;
in the formula (II), the components are mixed,
for discharging current, +.>
Is the spark peak current;
the industrial personal computer 21 generates a voltage according to the peak voltage of the spark
And peak current->
Calculating peak power by formula (III);
In the formula (III), the compound of the formula (III),
peak power;
the industrial personal computer 21 obtains the discharge duration according to the voltage-current curve, and then obtains the discharge energy in a numerical integration mode of a formula (IV);
In formula (IV):
for instantaneous power, +.>
Is->
Subsampled voltage, +.>
Is->
Subsampling current, +.>
For the sampling period +.>
Is the number of samples in the discharge time.
And a third specific embodiment: as shown in fig. 1 to 5, this embodiment is further described with reference to the second embodiment, where the spark electrical characteristic testing fixture includes a spark plug fixture, a probe fixture, a tooling base plate 1, a probe 14, and two tension springs 10 (purchased externally); the spark plug clamp comprises a spark plug clamp head 12 (outsourcing), a spark plug quick clamp 7 (outsourcing), a spark plug clamp plate 8, a buffer fixing seat 9 and two buffers 11 (outsourcing); the probe clamp comprises a positioning block 2, two linear guide rails 3 (outsourcing), a probe clamp base 4, an electrode clamp plate 5, an electrode quick clamp 6 (outsourcing), a voltage probe connector 23 and a probe clamp head 15 (outsourcing);
the front and rear parts of the probe clamp and the spark plug clamp are opposite to and fixed on the tool bottom plate 1; the concrete structure is as follows: the buffer fixing seat 9, the positioning block 2 and the two linear guide rails 3 are all fixed on the tool bottom plate 1, the two linear guide rails 3 are arranged left and right in parallel, the positioning block 2 is arranged between the two linear guide rails 3, the probe clamp base 4 is arranged on the two linear guide rails 3 in a sliding way, one side, opposite to the buffer fixing seat 9, of the probe clamp base 4 is limited by the positioning block 2, the electrode clamp plate 5 is fixed at the upper end of the probe clamp base 4, the electrode quick clamp 6 is in sliding and detachable fixed connection with the electrode clamp plate 5 (a through hole I is formed in the electrode clamp plate 5, the electrode quick clamp 6 is in sliding fit with the through hole I, the electrode quick clamp 6 is clamped and fixed on the electrode clamp plate 5 through two locking nuts I24, the two locking nuts I24 are respectively arranged on two sides of the electrode clamp plate 5), the probe clamp 15 is clamped and fixed through the probe clamp 6, the voltage probe connector 23 is clamped and fixed on the probe clamp 15 through the probe clamp locking nut I, and the voltage probe connector 23 is fixed with the probe 14;
the two buffers 11 are fixed on the opposite sides of the buffer fixing seat 9 and the probe clamp base 4, the spark plug clamp plate 8 is fixed at the upper end of the buffer fixing seat 9, the spark plug quick clamp 7 and the spark plug clamp plate 8 are in sliding and detachable fixed connection (a through hole II is arranged on the spark plug clamp plate 8, the spark plug quick clamp 7 is in sliding fit with the through hole II, the spark plug quick clamp 7 is clamped and fixed on the spark plug clamp plate 8 through two lock nuts II 25, the two lock nuts II 25 are respectively arranged on two sides of the spark plug clamp plate 8), the spark plug clamp 12 is clamped and fixed through the spark plug quick clamp 7, the spark plug 13 is clamped and fixed through the spark plug clamp 12, and the spark plug 13 and the probe 14 are coaxial; before the spark plug 13 is clamped and fixed by the spark plug clamping head 12, insulating tape is wound on the surface of the spark plug 13 for insulating treatment; the two tension springs 10 are arranged on the left side and the right side of the two buffers 11, and the two ends of the two tension springs 10 are respectively connected with the buffer fixing seat 9 and the probe clamp base 4.
The scheme adopts integral fitting, and because high-frequency sampling is adopted, the data is complete, the calculation is accurate, and the fitting result is very close to a true value.
The data signal analysis software was an upper computer platform developed based on Microsoft Visual Studio for spark energy testing. The method is used for spark energy data processing and man-machine dialogue software, and can be used for comparing and screening collected waveforms, removing unqualified waveforms, giving power within the duration of qualified waveforms, outputting information such as maximum peak current, maximum peak power, duration, spark energy value and the like, and forming a test report.
1. With respect to the power supply 16;
the power supply 16 is an AC/DC stabilized power supply with the model DCKR23-D4075C, adopts a high-frequency power electronic conversion technology, provides working voltage required by a direct current input engine ignition system, has high reliability and high output power, can be automatically switched between constant current and constant voltage modes, has a REMOTE SENSE function, can effectively compensate voltage drop from the power supply 16 to a load connection, supports programmable and program-controlled functions, and realizes communication with the industrial personal computer 21 by using an RS232 cable through a signal conditioning box (a PLC control system 22 is arranged in the signal conditioning box).
2. A high voltage probe 17 and a current signal current probe 18 with respect to the voltage signal;
the voltage signal acquisition is to acquire the spark discharge instantaneous voltage by using a P6015A high-voltage probe. The P6015A high-voltage probe is a high-voltage probe with input impedance of 100MΩ to the ground and 3.0pF, and the attenuation multiple is 1000X.
The current signal acquisition is realized by using a CWT012KAL flexible current probe, and the CWT012KAL flexible current probe has the characteristics of high bandwidth and high precision (typical value is 2%).
3. Regarding the impedance matcher 19;
consider return loss, mismatch factor, mismatch loss, quality factor and bandwidth, as well as the electrical characteristics of the present invention: the sampling frequency is as high as 10GHz, the contradiction that the high-voltage signal voltage frequency is too high (10000V) and the acquisition card range is low (0.5V) and is difficult to match is provided with an impedance matcher 19 which is respectively arranged on an acquisition loop (high-frequency high-voltage circuit) between a voltage signal high-voltage probe 17 and a current signal current probe 18 and a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20.
The high-frequency high-voltage circuit adaptive impedance matcher 19 developed based on the impedance matching principle. The existing measuring method does not adopt a high-frequency high-voltage circuit (a voltage signal high-voltage probe 17+an impedance matcher 19+a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 or a current signal current probe 18+an impedance matcher 19+a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 to form the high-frequency high-voltage circuit).
4. With respect to the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20;
the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 adopts an ADQ7DC ultra-high-speed data acquisition card in hardware, the ADQ7DC ultra-high-speed data acquisition card has 14bit resolution and 10CSPS sampling rate, an acquisition loop is designed for the energy measurement of the spark plug 13 based on hardware characteristics and a digital-to-analog conversion principle (the acquisition loop is a circuit between the acquisition card and the conversion circuit and is a high-frequency high-voltage circuit consisting of a voltage signal high-voltage probe 17+ impedance matcher 19+ high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20 or a current signal current probe 18+ impedance matcher 19+ high-speed data acquisition and conversion module 20), the requirements of the resolution and the sampling rate of acquired data are ensured, and the data in the high-frequency discharge process of the spark plug are all effectively acquired without error leakage.
The software executing part is used for executing and controlling the high-speed data acquisition card by the upper computer.
Regarding the industrial personal computer 21;
the industrial personal computer 21 includes hardware and preset software;
the hardware parameters of the industrial personal computer 21 are a dual-core CPU with the speed of more than 2.0G, a memory with the speed of more than 2G and a hard disk with the speed of more than 250G; the digital IO card, the 6-channel isolated digital output, the 16-channel isolated digital input, the isolated voltage of 5000Vrms, the matched wiring terminal and the cable; 8 RS485, 921.6Kbps are clamped at the serial port, and a cable is matched; the device is provided with a 21-inch display, a keyboard and a mouse, and can ensure that the acquired data has enough storage space.
The industrial personal computer 21 is preset with software, and the software part comprises signal data acquisition software and data signal analysis software.
The data signal analysis software is an upper computer platform which is independently developed based on Microsoft Visual Studio and used for spark energy test, provides software for spark energy data processing and man-machine conversation, realizes that the collected waveforms are compared and screened, and then unqualified waveforms are removed, so that power within the duration of qualified waveforms can be given, and information such as maximum peak current, maximum peak power, duration, spark energy value and the like is output to form a test report.
The data signal analysis software can realize effective interactive control of sampling, calculating, drawing, displaying, printing and the like in the test process. Simple operation, centralized processing, complete functions and strong man-machine interaction.
The software main interface consists of a title bar, a menu bar, a curve/report area, a control panel and a status bar, wherein the control panel further comprises a data acquisition panel, a data analysis panel and a history data panel.
(1) Data acquisition function
Clicking a data acquisition button above an operation panel (the operation panel on the upper computer software), switching to the data acquisition panel, inputting acquisition parameters such as a trigger channel, a trigger mode, acquisition time length, maximum sampling times and the like in the data acquisition panel, clicking a connection test button, and testing whether the upper computer software (the data signal analysis software) is normally connected with a lower computer or not. Clicking the 'start test' button, at this time, the spark plug starts discharging, and after discharging, the spark plug automatically switches to the data analysis panel. If the user wants to finish discharging midway, he directly clicks the test stopping button, and the program is automatically switched to the data analysis panel. It should be noted that, after the collection process is finished, the collected files need to be stored in a set storage directory, at this time, the files are being stored by the red text above the collection start button, and the user cannot operate at this time and needs to wait for the red text to disappear and then perform the next operation.
The meaning of each acquisition parameter is as follows:
1) Triggering a channel: the system is provided with two acquisition channels of voltage and current, which are respectively numbered as a channel 1 and a channel 2. Both channels may be used to trigger acquisition.
2) The triggering mode is as follows: two trigger modes of rising and falling of voltage are supported.
3) Sampling duration: sampling time for a single discharge of the spark plug.
4) Maximum number of samplings: the maximum number of sparks is collected, and in the test process, if the actual number of discharge exceeds the parameter, the test is automatically stopped; if the actual number of discharges is less than the parameter, the test will not be stopped until the discharge time reaches the set point or the user manually clicks the "stop test" button.
5) Sample number: when each test starts, the program creates a subdirectory under the main storage catalog according to the sample number and the current time, and the name format of the subdirectory is as follows: sample number_yyyymmddhhmmss. Each spark data under the sub-directory is saved as a file, with file names m001.bin, m002.bin … …, representing the first and second spark data in the test, and so on.
6) The main storage directory: a catalog for holding test data. Clicking on the "browse" button may set the main storage directory. And checking a check box to be a default directory, and taking the current directory as a main storage directory after the next program is started.
7) Duration of discharge: i.e., the duration of the power supplied to the spark plug, i.e., the test duration.
8) Cooling time period: the shortest interval between two trials. In order to protect the spark plug power supply and avoid long-time discharge, after one test is finished, the spark plug power supply needs to be cooled for a period of time before the next test can be performed.
9) Duration of discharged: only, not settable, meaning see discharge duration.
10 Cooling time period): only shown, not settable, meaning see cooling duration.
(2) Data analysis function
Clicking the "data analysis" button above the operation panel (operation panel on the upper computer software), and switching to the data analysis panel. In this interface, the data for each spark in this test is displayed in a list.
The sparks to be checked are selected, and the voltage peak average value, the current peak average value and the energy average value of the selected sparks can be displayed under all the sparks selected. Clicking a 'view curve' button, and displaying curves of all sparks in a list form at the left side of a main interface; clicking "all" again can cancel the full selection.
The mouse selects the spark to generate the report (the spark can be selected by Shift or Ctrl keys), the 'view text report' button is clicked, and the program generates a detection report according to the information of the selected spark.
6. With respect to the PLC control system 22;
the PLC control system 22 provides overload and power-off protection for the entire test system.
7. With respect to probe 14;
in the existing measuring method, the spark plug is fixed by adopting the crocodile clip, and is measured at a distance from a fire hole of the spark plug, so that the indirect measuring precision is low.
The invention adopts direct measurement, the measuring position is the anode and the cathode of the fire hole of the spark plug 13, the direct measurement of the spark energy can be ablated by the spark energy, and a probe 14 is specially made for the purpose. The diameter of the probe 14 is 0.5mm, and the probe can be directly inserted into a fire hole to contact the anode, and does not contact the cathode, so that short circuit is not caused, and the discharging effect of the spark plug 13 is not affected. The probe 14 is made of lanthanum-tungsten alloy, is high-temperature-resistant, high-voltage-resistant and high-current-resistant, can resist spark erosion and is not easy to damage, and the service life is long.
8. A test jig for spark electrical characteristics;
the existing measuring method does not use a spark electrical characteristic testing clamp, adopts direct measurement, and does not conduct direct measurement at a fire hole.
The invention adopts the probe 14 to directly measure, the diameter of the fire hole of the spark plug 13 is small, usually only a few millimeters, in order to prevent the probe 14 from entering the fire hole with low accuracy and possibly contacting the anode and the cathode at the same time to cause short circuit, thus failing to accurately measure, a spark electrical characteristic test fixture is designed, and the spark plug 13 and the probe 14 which are clamped and fixed by the spark electrical characteristic test fixture are coaxial, so that the advancing direction of the probe 14 is always coaxial with the axial direction of the inner hole of the spark plug 13 and always linearly advances, and further, the probe 14 is ensured not to contact the anode and the cathode of the spark plug 13 at the same time to cause short circuit in the measuring process.
The basis for determining whether the probe 14 is properly positioned is: the probe 14 can maintain good contact with the bottom surface of the inner hole of the spark plug 13 under the action of the elastic force of the tension spring 10.
When the position of the probe 14 is adjusted, the probe 14 is pushed to a proper position by combining the elasticity of the tension spring 10, so that the probe 14 and the bottom of the inner hole of the spark plug 13 keep good contact, and when the working state is ensured, good contact can be ensured even if the conditions such as vibration occur.
When the spark plug 13 with a large specification length is tested, the distance between the spark plug clamp and the probe clamp needs to be increased, the spark plug quick clamp 7 can be pulled leftwards, and the spark plug quick clamp 7 is fixed through the two lock nuts II 25 after being moved leftwards by a proper distance as a whole.
For the spark plug 13 with smaller test specification length, the voltage probe connector 23 can be properly pushed to the right side by loosening the probe chuck locking nut until the probe 14 keeps stable contact with the bottom of the spark plug 13 under the elastic force of the tension spring 10, and then the voltage probe connector 23 is fixed by manually screwing the probe chuck locking nut. The damper 11 is used in conjunction with a tension spring 10, the tension spring 10 being used to tighten the clamp holder 4 and the damper holder 9.
The probe 14 is closely contacted with the spark plug 13, and the ejector rods of the two buffers 11 are used for limiting the probe clamp base 4 and the buffer fixing seat 9 to be kept at a safe distance, so that bending deformation and even fracture of the probe 14 caused by the tensioning of the traction tension spring 10 are avoided.
When the probe 14 is replaced, the probe chuck locking nut is loosened, the voltage probe connector 23 is pulled out from the left side, and after the new probe 14 is replaced, the voltage probe connector 23 is fastened and fixed by the probe chuck locking nut.
It will be evident to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. The present embodiments are, therefore, to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being indicated by the appended claims rather than by the foregoing description, and all changes which come within the meaning and range of equivalency of the claims are therefore intended to be embraced therein. Any reference sign in a claim should not be construed as limiting the claim concerned.
Furthermore, it should be understood that although the present disclosure describes embodiments, not every embodiment is provided with a separate embodiment, and that this description is provided for clarity only, and that the disclosure is not limited to the embodiments described in detail below, and that the embodiments described in the examples may be combined as appropriate to form other embodiments that will be apparent to those skilled in the art.
Claims (3)
1. A spark electrical characteristic test system for a spark plug, characterized by: the device comprises a power supply (16), a voltage signal high-voltage probe (17), a current signal current probe (18), an impedance matcher (19), a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module (20), an industrial personal computer (21) and a PLC control system (22);
the power supply (16) is electrically connected with a spark plug (13) of an engine ignition system through a PLC control system (22), the power supply (16) is used for adjusting output states and output parameters through receiving commands of the power supply (16), the positive electrode of the front end of a voltage signal high-voltage probe (17) is electrically connected with the positive electrode of the spark plug (13) through a probe (14) of a voltage probe connector (23), the negative electrode of the voltage signal high-voltage probe (17) is electrically connected with the negative electrode of the spark plug (13), a coil at the front end of a current signal current probe (18) is electrically connected with a live wire of a power supply wire of the spark plug (13), a zero wire connecting wire of the current signal current probe (18) is electrically connected with a zero wire of the power supply wire of the spark plug (13), and an impedance matcher (19) is arranged on an acquisition loop between the voltage signal high-voltage probe (17), the current signal current probe (18) and a high-speed data acquisition and conversion module (20); the signal output end of the impedance matcher (19) is connected with the signal input end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module (20), and the signal output end of the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module (20) is connected with the signal input end of the industrial personal computer (21);
a power supply (16) for supplying power to the spark plug (13) according to a control command of the industrial personal computer (21);
the voltage signal high-voltage probe (17) is used for collecting a spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal of the spark plug (13);
a current signal current probe (18) for collecting a spark discharge instantaneous current signal of the spark plug (13);
an impedance matcher (19) for eliminating signal distortion and background noise caused by the original impedance of the circuit;
the high-speed data acquisition and conversion module (20) is used for acquiring the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal output by the voltage signal high-voltage probe (17) and the current signal current probe (18) and converting the spark discharge instantaneous voltage signal and the spark discharge instantaneous current signal into corresponding digital signals;
the industrial personal computer (21) is used for collecting, processing and displaying the corresponding digital signals and sending control commands to the power supply (16) through the PLC control system (22);
and the PLC control system (22) is used for providing overload and power-off protection for the spark electrical characteristic testing system.
2. A method of performing spark energy calculations using the spark electrical property testing system of claim 1, wherein: the method comprises the following steps:
step one: firstly, mounting and fixing a spark plug (13) on a spark plug clamp of a spark electrical characteristic test clamp, mounting and fixing a voltage probe connector (23) on a probe clamp of the spark electrical characteristic test clamp, and enabling the spark plug (13) to be coaxial with a probe (14); then, a voltage signal high-voltage probe (17) and a current signal current probe (18) of the spark electrical characteristic testing system are utilized to directly measure sparks of the spark plug (13) to obtain a voltage value and a current value, a coordinate system is established, and a voltage current curve is drawn;
step two: according to the voltage-current curve, calculating the peak voltage and the peak current of the spark by using the industrial personal computer (21) according to the formula (I) and the formula (II);
In formula (one):
in order to provide a discharge voltage, the voltage is,
is the spark peak voltage;
in the formula (II), the components are mixed,
in order for the discharge current to be sufficient,
is the spark peak current;
the industrial personal computer (21) is used for controlling the voltage according to the peak value of the spark
And peak current
Calculating peak power by formula (III);
In the formula (III), the compound of the formula (III),
peak power;
the industrial personal computer (21) obtains the discharge duration according to the voltage-current curve, and then obtains the discharge energy in a numerical integration mode of a formula (IV);
In formula (IV):
for the instantaneous power to be available,
is the first
The voltage is sub-sampled and,
is the first
The current is sub-sampled and,
in order to sample the period of time,
is the number of samples in the discharge time.
3. The method for performing spark energy calculation using a spark electrical property testing system as set forth in claim 2, wherein: the spark electrical characteristic test fixture comprises a spark plug fixture, a probe fixture, a tool bottom plate (1), a probe (14) and two tension springs (10); the spark plug clamp comprises a spark plug clamp head (12), a spark plug quick clamp (7), a spark plug clamp plate (8), a buffer fixing seat (9) and two buffers (11); the probe clamp comprises a positioning block (2), two linear guide rails (3), a probe clamp base (4), an electrode clamp plate (5), an electrode quick clamp (6), a voltage probe connector (23) and a probe clamp head (15);
the front and back parts of the probe clamp and the spark plug clamp are opposite to and fixed on the tool bottom plate (1); the concrete structure is as follows: the buffer fixing seat (9), the positioning block (2) and the two linear guide rails (3) are all fixed on the tool bottom plate (1), the two linear guide rails (3) are arranged in parallel left and right, the positioning block (2) is arranged between the two linear guide rails (3), the probe clamp base (4) is arranged on the two linear guide rails (3) in a sliding mode, one side, opposite to the buffer fixing seat (9), of the probe clamp base (4) is limited through the positioning block (2), the electrode clamp plate (5) is fixed at the upper end of the probe clamp base (4), the electrode quick clamp (6) is fixedly connected with the electrode clamp plate (5) in a sliding and detachable mode, the probe clamp (15) is fixedly clamped through the electrode quick clamp (6), the voltage probe connector (23) is fixedly clamped on the probe clamp (15) through the probe clamp locking nut, and the probe (14) is fixedly arranged on the voltage probe connector (23);
two buffers (11) are fixed on the opposite side surfaces of the buffer fixing seat (9) and the probe clamp base (4), a spark plug clamp plate (8) is fixed at the upper end of the buffer fixing seat (9), a spark plug quick clamp (7) is in sliding and detachable fixed connection with the spark plug clamp plate (8), a spark plug clamp head (12) is clamped and fixed through the spark plug quick clamp (7), a spark plug (13) is clamped and fixed through the spark plug clamp head (12), and the spark plug (13) and a probe (14) are coaxial; before the spark plug (13) is clamped and fixed by the spark plug clamping head (12), insulating tape is wound on the surface of the spark plug (13) for insulating treatment; the two tension springs (10) are arranged at the left side and the right side of the two buffers (11), and two ends of the two tension springs (10) are respectively connected with the buffer fixing seat (9) and the probe clamp base (4).
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