CN116073128A - Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization - Google Patents

Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116073128A
CN116073128A CN202310122931.8A CN202310122931A CN116073128A CN 116073128 A CN116073128 A CN 116073128A CN 202310122931 A CN202310122931 A CN 202310122931A CN 116073128 A CN116073128 A CN 116073128A
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China
Prior art keywords
unit
antenna
square
microstrip
radiation patch
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CN202310122931.8A
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Chinese (zh)
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屈世伟
王明扬
杨仕文
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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Priority to CN202310122931.8A priority Critical patent/CN116073128A/en
Publication of CN116073128A publication Critical patent/CN116073128A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/26—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture
    • H01Q3/30—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the relative phase or relative amplitude of energisation between two or more active radiating elements; varying the distribution of energy across a radiating aperture varying the relative phase between the radiating elements of an array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
    • H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q13/00—Waveguide horns or mouths; Slot antennas; Leaky-waveguide antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
    • H01Q13/08—Radiating ends of two-conductor microwave transmission lines, e.g. of coaxial lines, of microstrip lines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02D—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES [ICT], I.E. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES AIMING AT THE REDUCTION OF THEIR OWN ENERGY USE
    • Y02D30/00—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks
    • Y02D30/70—Reducing energy consumption in communication networks in wireless communication networks

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization, and belongs to the field of antennas. According to the invention, the array unit is divided into two or more parts, the placement position and angle of each section are reasonably adjusted in an allowable space range, and the phase of an electromagnetic signal obtained by each part of the array unit is changed by adding a moving structure between each part, so that the purpose of optimizing the unit directional diagram is realized. The wing conformal low-profile end-fire phased array antenna is optimized by using the method on the basis of the original unit structure, the unit directional diagram is remarkably widened, positive and negative 45-degree scanning on the azimuth plane can be performed, standing waves are low, and engineering requirements are met.

Description

Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of antenna engineering, relates to a wing conformal low-profile end-fire phased array antenna, and particularly relates to a novel array unit directional diagram optimization method.
Background
With the continuous development of technology in the communication field, it is difficult for a single antenna to meet the requirements of communication performance. A phased array antenna, as the name implies, is first an array antenna that includes a plurality of elements arranged in a certain manner. The phase control means that the feed phase of each antenna unit in the array is controlled in a certain way to obtain a radiation beam in a specified direction, and if the feed amplitude and the feed phase of the antenna unit are controlled at the same time, the effects of side lobe suppression, specified pattern shape or null notch and the like can be realized. The phased array antenna can transmit and receive electromagnetic waves on frequency domain and space domain as required, and has important application value in wireless systems such as military/civil radars, communication and the like. The phased array antenna with wide angle scanning capability can greatly reduce the system cost and volume, reduce the system complexity and improve the comprehensive performance of the system in a full/quasi-upper half space reconnaissance radar and communication system.
The performance of a phased array antenna is largely determined by the performance of the array elements, and thus the antenna elements play a decisive role in the performance of the phased array. For some high gain array units, the unit gain is higher, the beam width is narrower, and wide angle scanning cannot be performed. In order to solve the problem of narrower unit beam width, the invention provides a pattern optimization method for widening a unit pattern under the condition of changing the smaller unit structure size, so as to realize a wide-angle scanning antenna array, and on the basis of the method, a wing conformal extremely-low profile end-fire phased array antenna is designed, so that the antenna can be widely applied to various wireless communication systems such as an airborne platform, mobile communication, satellite communication, radar communication and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for optimizing an array antenna unit directional diagram, and designs a wing conformal low-profile end-fire phased array antenna based on the method.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows: the wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization comprises a plurality of unit antennas, wherein the input end of each unit antenna is connected with a coaxial feeder, and the output end of each unit antenna is connected with a load; each unit antenna comprises two sections of unit structures, and the two sections of unit structures are connected through a microstrip phase shift structure; each section of unit structure comprises a plurality of square radiation patches which are connected in sequence, and adjacent square patches are connected through microstrip lines; the structure of each square radiation patch is rectangular, an opening is arranged in the middle of one side of the rectangle, the side of the opening is called a head end, the other side corresponding to the side of the opening is called a tail end, and the head end and the tail section of the adjacent square radiation patch in each unit antenna are sequentially connected through microstrip lines; one end of the microstrip line is connected with the middle position of the tail end of one square radiation patch, and the other end of the microstrip line is connected with the bottom of the opening of the head end of the other square radiation patch and is not contacted with two side edges of the opening; the microstrip line extends from the bottom of the head end opening of the first square radiation patch in each unit antenna and is used as the input end of the unit antenna, and the microstrip line extends from the middle position of the tail end of the last square radiation patch and is used as the output end of the unit antenna;
the edge of the non-opening part of the head end of each square radiation patch is provided with a bending part protruding out of the plane where the square radiation patch is positioned, and the tail end of the bending part is fixed on the metal machine body; the square metal patch, the microstrip line and the microstrip phase shifting structure are suspended on the metal machine body;
the microstrip phase shifting structure is a microstrip line with a square wave shape, one end of the square wave-shaped microstrip line is connected with the tail end of the last square radiation patch of one section of unit structure, and the other end of the microstrip phase shifting structure is connected with the bottom of the head end opening of the first square radiation patch of the other section of unit structure;
the two sections of unit structures in each unit antenna are respectively projected into a straight line in the plane of the wing, but the included angle of the two straight lines is not equal to 180 degrees.
Furthermore, dielectric layers are filled between the square metal patch, the microstrip line, the microstrip phase shift structure and the metal body.
The antenna is completely attached to the metal machine body, occupies smaller space, has a good directional diagram, and has small distortion and low active standing wave coefficient.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is an overall flow chart of the method for optimizing array antenna elements according to the present invention
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structure unit without using the optimization method. (a) (b) are 3D diagrams and top views of the antenna structure respectively.
Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna structural unit optimized using the optimization method. (a) (b) 3D, side, top and shorting structure details of the antenna structure.
FIG. 4 is a 3D schematic diagram of an array antenna for array of unit structures optimized by the optimization method
FIG. 5 is a comparison of gain patterns of optimized and non-optimized array antenna elements on azimuth plane
FIG. 6 is a gain pattern for scanning an azimuth plane after grouping optimized array antenna elements
Fig. 7 shows the active standing wave coefficients of the central unit when scanning is performed on the azimuth plane after the array antenna units are assembled after optimization.
In fig. 3, 1 a square radiation patch, 2 a microstrip line, 3 an output end, 4 an input end, 5 a microstrip phase shift structure, 6 a one-stage unit structure, 7 a position of a bending part (the bending part is connected with a metal body to fix the whole antenna), 8 a metal floor (equivalent to the metal body), and 9 another stage unit structure.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to examples.
The wing conformal magnetic dipole series feed leaky-wave antenna optimized by the method is used as an array antenna unit to carry out array formation, so that wide-angle scanning is realized. Each magnetic dipole leaky-wave antenna element includes a metal floor (corresponding to the metal fuselage), a top patch structure, a shorting structure, series feed connection lines, intra-element moving connection structures, and matching loads for absorption.
According to the novel array antenna unit pattern optimization method, an original array antenna unit is divided into two sections or multiple sections, the placement position and angle of each section of the antenna are adjusted in a proper space range, and the antenna units are connected through a moving structure. Because the directional diagram of the array antenna unit is the vector superposition of the amplitude and the phase of the electromagnetic wave radiated by each part of the antenna unit in space, the purpose of optimizing the directional diagram of the array antenna unit can be realized by properly adjusting the placing position of each part of the antenna and changing the phase of the electromagnetic signal received by each part of the antenna by moving to a structure.
The top patches of the magnetic dipole series-fed leaky-wave antenna unit are periodically and symmetrically distributed on two sides of a series-fed connecting line in a square patch mode, and are connected with a metal floor through a short-circuit structure.
The series feed connecting wire adopts a microstrip line mode, is connected with each top square patch and is used for series feed.
The intra-cell steering structure can be realized by a microstrip transmission bending line structure or by other radio frequency steering structures.
The low-profile end-fire phased array antenna performs equidistant array grouping through the optimized magnetic dipole series-fed leaky-wave antenna, and can realize azimuth plane beam scanning after proper feed.
In this embodiment, as shown in fig. 1, a low-profile end-fire phased array based on a novel array element pattern optimization method has an array structure shown in fig. 4. The optimized array unit structure is shown in fig. 3 (a), and comprises a metal floor 8, a microstrip line 2, a square radiation patch 1 and a microstrip moving structure 5. Each antenna element is fed at the input 4 by a coaxial line and connected to a matching load at the output 3.
In this embodiment, the square radiation patches are symmetrically distributed on two sides of the series feed connection line, and are periodically arranged along the series feed connection line, and are fed in series through the series feed connection line, and each radiation patch unit is at a position 7, as shown in fig. 3 (c), and is connected with the floor in a short-circuit manner through a short-circuit structure, wherein the short-circuit structure uses square metal sheets, electromagnetic waves are radiated while being transmitted in the transmission process, and thus a leaky-wave antenna is formed. And then the optimized unit structure (shown in figure 3) is assembled along the transverse direction, and a phased array 3D schematic diagram after the assembly is shown in figure 4. And feeding is carried out according to a uniform linear array feeding mode, so that the scanning of the azimuth plane wave beam can be realized.
Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of an array antenna unit structure without using the foregoing optimization method, and fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of a unit structure optimized by using the optimization method. As shown in fig. 3, the antenna unit is first divided into two sections, reference numerals 9 and 6 in the figure, the divided two sections of unit structures 9 and 6 are rotated in space position within a proper space range, and a microstrip shift structure 5 is introduced, and the phase difference of the received electromagnetic signals between the two sections of units 9 and 6 is changed through the microstrip shift structure 5, so that the array unit directional diagram is optimized.
For example, as shown in fig. 5, the patterns of the array units after the optimization and before the optimization are obviously widened on the azimuth plane after the optimization, so that the wide-angle scanning of the azimuth plane is more convenient.
Fig. 6 is a gain pattern when scanning on the azimuth plane after performing cell array using the cell structure optimized by the optimization method, positive and negative 45 ° scanning can be achieved, and no significant deterioration is found in the pattern.
FIG. 7 shows the active standing wave coefficients of the central unit at 0, plus or minus 30, plus or minus 45 scan after cell array using the optimized antenna units, and the active standing wave coefficients are not significantly deteriorated during the scan.
The invention provides a novel array antenna unit optimizing method, which optimizes the position of an antenna radiation structure and the phase of a received electromagnetic signal, and remarkably widens the directional diagram of the array unit structure on a scanning surface, so that a phased array antenna can scan at a larger angle. On the basis of the optimization method, the wing conformal low-profile end-view phased antenna is designed, the positive and negative 45-degree scanning of the azimuth plane can be realized, the directional diagram is good in the scanning process, no obvious distortion exists, the active standing wave coefficient is low, and the engineering requirement is met.
The moving structure is combined with the antenna unit, and the array unit directional diagram is optimized under the condition that the unit size is not obviously improved and the array antenna grating lobe inhibition condition is met by combining with the adjustment of the placing position of each part of the antenna unit. The array antenna unit is simple in structure, easy to process and convenient to integrate with other active devices, and can be used for optimizing various types of array antenna units based on the structure.

Claims (2)

1. The wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization comprises a plurality of unit antennas, wherein the input end of each unit antenna is connected with a coaxial feeder, and the output end of each unit antenna is connected with a load; each unit antenna comprises two sections of unit structures, and the two sections of unit structures are connected through a microstrip phase shift structure; each section of unit structure comprises a plurality of square radiation patches which are connected in sequence, and adjacent square patches are connected through microstrip lines; the structure of each square radiation patch is rectangular, an opening is arranged in the middle of one side of the rectangle, the side of the opening is called a head end, the other side corresponding to the side of the opening is called a tail end, and the head end and the tail section of the adjacent square radiation patch in each unit antenna are sequentially connected through microstrip lines; one end of the microstrip line is connected with the middle position of the tail end of one square radiation patch, and the other end of the microstrip line is connected with the bottom of the opening of the head end of the other square radiation patch and is not contacted with two side edges of the opening; the microstrip line extends from the bottom of the head end opening of the first square radiation patch in each unit antenna and is used as the input end of the unit antenna, and the microstrip line extends from the middle position of the tail end of the last square radiation patch and is used as the output end of the unit antenna;
the edge of the non-opening part of the head end of each square radiation patch is provided with a bending part protruding out of the plane where the square radiation patch is positioned, and the tail end of the bending part is fixed on the metal machine body; the square metal patch, the microstrip line and the microstrip phase shifting structure are suspended on the metal machine body;
the microstrip phase shifting structure is a microstrip line with a square wave shape, one end of the square wave-shaped microstrip line is connected with the tail end of the last square radiation patch of one section of unit structure, and the other end of the microstrip phase shifting structure is connected with the bottom of the head end opening of the first square radiation patch of the other section of unit structure;
the two sections of unit structures in each unit antenna are respectively projected into a straight line in the plane of the wing, but the included angle of the two straight lines is not equal to 180 degrees.
2. The wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna optimized based on the array element pattern of claim 1, wherein a dielectric layer is filled between the square metal patch, the microstrip line, the microstrip phase shift structure and the metal body.
CN202310122931.8A 2023-02-16 2023-02-16 Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization Pending CN116073128A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310122931.8A CN116073128A (en) 2023-02-16 2023-02-16 Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN202310122931.8A CN116073128A (en) 2023-02-16 2023-02-16 Wing conformal end-fire phased array antenna based on array unit pattern optimization

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CN116073128A true CN116073128A (en) 2023-05-05

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