CN116066257A - Mixed fuel supply device for liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas carrying flow solid fuel - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of ramjet engines, in particular to a mixed fuel supply device for carrying solid fuel with liquid hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis gas, which comprises a fuel storage chamber, wherein a piston for pushing the solid fuel is slidably arranged in the fuel storage chamber, the fuel storage chamber is communicated with a gas collecting bin, the device is provided with the gas collecting bin, macromolecule hydrocarbon fuel pyrolysis gas enters a circumferential gas collecting chamber through three gas inlets, a flow guide circular table is arranged in the circumferential gas collecting chamber, the pyrolysis gas shears and flows the solid fuel in a radial centripetal manner through a slit between the flow guide circular table and an air outlet baffle, the carrying and mixing of the solid fuel are effectively realized through the shearing flow, the device is provided with an air inlet slit of the pyrolysis gas, the slit is composed of a flow guide table and the baffle, the slit distance is small, and even a small amount of pyrolysis gas still has a large speed to shear and carry the solid fuel through the slit.

Description

Mixed fuel supply device for liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas carrying solid fuel

technical field

The invention relates to the technical field of ramjet engines, in particular to a mixed fuel supply device for liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas carrying solid fuel.

Background technique

The solid-liquid mixed high Mach ramjet engine is a new concept engine, which uses both solid powder and liquid fuel as propellants. The principle of its working process is: the liquid fuel cools the supersonic combustion chamber through the regenerative cooling channel to generate high-temperature, high-density fuel cracking gas or steam, and the cracking gas realizes the fluidization and mixing of solid powder fuel by means of pneumatic transport , inject and enter the combustion chamber for combustion, and use the principle of jet propulsion to generate thrust.

This new concept of solid-liquid mixed high Mach ramjet uses high-energy metal or boron powder as solid propellant, and has the advantages of adjustable thrust, flexible flow adjustment, high specific impulse of liquid fuel ramjet and safety, reliability and simple structure of solid rocket ramjet Etc. For the ramjet using powder fuel, the solid powder itself has no flow properties, so the flow controllability is poor, the thermal protection of the combustion chamber depends on the passive thermal protection of high-temperature resistant materials, and at the same time, the solid powder is not easy to ignite and burn in the combustion chamber, so metal powder is used The advantage of particles as fuel is that the metal powder has stable chemical properties, good safety, convenient storage, short combat reaction time, and the combustion product is a metal oxide with a high boiling point, which is not easy to dissociate. The pyrolysis gas generated by using liquid fuel through the regenerative cooling channel carries the solid powder particles, so that the solid powder particles obtain flow properties, and the flow controllability is greatly enhanced. The ignition and combustion of the cracked gas can be used as an ignition source for solid particles to improve the ignition and combustion characteristics of the combustion chamber. The endothermic properties of the fuel during pyrolysis contribute to the thermal protection of the combustion chamber.

During the long-term operation of the engine, the mixed fuel needs to be continuously consumed. After the mixed fuel is evenly mixed in the gas-solid two-phase region, it is further mixed with the incoming air in the combustion chamber and then ignited and burned.

Contents of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a solid-liquid mixed scramjet mixed fuel supply device. The micron-sized high-energy solid fuel is propelled by the piston, and under the action of the shear entrainment of the cracked gas of the macromolecular hydrocarbon fuel, it obtains flow properties, adapts to the multi-working conditions of the engine, and realizes the mixed fuel supply of the solid-liquid mixed scramjet engine The gas-solid two-phase mixing function is uniform.

The technical scheme adopted by the present invention is: including a plunger pump for driving macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel, a regenerative cooling channel for cracking macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and a fuel supply device for entraining and mixing solid fuel ;

The fuel supply device includes a fuel storage chamber, in which a piston for pushing solid fuel is slidably installed, and the fuel storage chamber is communicated with a gas collection bin.

Further, the fuel storage chamber is divided into three parts: the straight section of the storage chamber, the constricted section of the storage chamber and the thin straight section.

Further, baffles are installed at both ends of the gas-collecting bin, which are respectively a front baffle and a rear baffle, an air inlet is provided at the eccentric position of the front baffle, and an end of the thin straight section of the storage chamber away from the contracted section of the storage chamber is provided with a The deflector, a slit is formed between the deflector and the tailgate.

Further, there are three air intake holes.

Further, the piston is provided with a piston rod, and the piston rod is installed at the output end of the motor.

Further, the end of the straight section of the storage chamber away from the shrinking end of the storage chamber is provided with a circular platform, and the end of the straight section of the storage chamber away from the straight section of the storage chamber is installed with a baffle plate, and the piston rod is slidably installed on the baffle plate.

Further, a sliding bearing is installed between the baffle plate and the piston rod.

Further, the rear baffle is connected to the front baffle by bolts.

Further, a blending pipe is installed on the tailgate.

Further, the output position of the plunger pump is provided with a flow regulating valve.

The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

The device is equipped with a gas collection chamber. The pyrolysis gas of macromolecular hydrocarbon fuel enters the circumferential gas collection chamber through three air inlets. The slit between the solid fuels shears the flow radially and centripetally, and the shearing flow effectively realizes the carrying and mixing of the solid fuel. Composed of table and baffle plate, the slit distance is small, even if a small amount of cracked gas passes through the slit, it still has a relatively high speed to shear and carry the solid fuel, and the flow control of the solid fuel can be realized by controlling the speed of the motor; pyrolysis The regulation of the gas flow can be controlled by the pipeline valve before splitting the cracked gas; the single-phase flow of the mixed fuel can be adjusted separately, and the solid-gas ratio of the mixed fuel can be adjusted in a wide range, which matches the operating conditions of the engine model.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the mixed fuel supply device of liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas carrying flow solid fuel of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a schematic diagram of the fuel supply device of the present invention;

Fig. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional structure diagram of the fuel supply device of the present invention;

In the figure: oil storage tank 1; plunger pump 2; flow regulating valve 3; regenerative cooling passage 4; fuel supply device 5; piston rod 51; sealing ring 52; baffle plate 53; piston 54; fuel storage chamber 55; gas collection Storehouse 56; baffle plate 53; air intake hole 57; baffle plate 53; flow guide table 58; mixing pipe 59;

Detailed ways:

Example 1

Aiming at flight missions with a Mach number of 8-10, a high Mach number scramjet using liquid fuel pyrolysis gas to carry solid powder particles as fuel is proposed, which is called a solid-liquid hybrid scramjet. The fuel supply device of the engine needs to realize that the liquid hydrocarbon fuel fluidizes the solid powder particles, mixes them with each other and brings them into the fuel chamber for combustion. The present invention provides a fuel supply device for the engine. The solid fuel is stored in the fuel storage chamber 55, and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is stored in the oil storage tank 1. During the actual operation of the engine, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel first flows through the combustion chamber of the engine. The regenerative cooling channel on the wall, under the high temperature and high pressure environment of the regenerative cooling channel, the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is cracked into fuel oil cracking gas called small molecules, and the cracking gas at the outlet of the cooling channel enters from the air inlet of the gas collection chamber 56, and from the gas collection chamber The flow out through the slit of the piston 56 carries out shear entrainment to the solid fuel pushed by the piston 54, mixes it in the mixing tube 59, and then enters the combustion chamber of the engine for combustion.

The invention relates to a mixed fuel supply device for liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas carrying solid fuel, comprising a plunger pump 2 for driving macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and a plunger pump 3 to drive the macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon in an oil storage tank 1 After the fuel is pushed into the regenerative cooling channel 4 of the scramjet engine, the macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel absorbs heat and cracks into small molecule cracked gas, and the cracked gas at the outlet of the regenerative cooling channel 4 enters the fuel supply device 5, and the fuel supply device 5 realizes The function of entrainment mixing of solid fuels.

The fuel supply device 5 includes a fuel storage chamber 55. The solid fuel is located in the fuel storage chamber 55. A piston 54 for solid fuel is slidably installed in the fuel storage chamber 55. The fuel storage chamber 55 is connected with a gas collection bin 56. The solid fuel Pushed by the piston 54 into the gas collection chamber 56, the fuel storage chamber 55 is coaxially arranged with the gas collection chamber 56, and a slit is arranged in the gas collection chamber 56, and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas is generated by the engine regenerative cooling passage 4 and then enters the collection chamber. The gas chamber 56 flows out from the circumferential slit at the outlet of the gas collection chamber 56, and realizes the functions of shearing, carrying and mixing the solid fuel.

Macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel: Aviation kerosene RP-3 is widely used as fuel in aviation engines, and its average carbon content per unit molecule is about 10. Researchers generally use n-decane as a substitute. In the study of chemical kinetics, the molecules with a small carbon content are called small molecule hydrocarbon fuels, such as C1-C4, which are in the fuel gaseous state at this time, and those with higher carbon content are called macromolecular hydrocarbon fuels, such as C10, C11 . "Macromolecular hydrocarbon fuels" have been widely used in many documents. For example, Zuo Jingying from Harbin Institute of Technology mentioned the use of high-temperature gaseous large Molecular hydrocarbon fuel organizes supersonic gas film. Chi Yicheng of Hong Kong Polytechnic University mentioned the development of macromolecular carbon The high-precision chemical reaction mechanism of hydrogen fuel is crucial to the development of aviation kerosene chemical reaction mechanism.

Endothermic cracking conditions and completion of the work section: In the actual operation of the scramjet engine, the core temperature of the combustion chamber can reach 2500K, which has far exceeded the melting point of the engine material. Therefore, the wall of the engine combustion chamber needs to be cooled during the actual operation. To prevent engine burnout, regenerative cooling is a widely used cooling method. By casting the regenerative cooling passage 4 on the wall of the combustion chamber of the engine, the liquid fuel passes through the regenerative cooling passage 4 before entering the combustion chamber for combustion, and the wall is cooled by the physical heat sink and the chemical heat sink of the fuel. Since the interior of the combustion chamber is under high pressure, the outlet of regenerative cooling channel 4 communicates with the combustion chamber, so the inside of the regenerative cooling channel is also in a high-pressure environment. At the same time, the wall of the cooling channel is the wall of the engine combustion chamber, and the temperature in the channel is very high. Under high temperature and high pressure environment, large Molecular liquid hydrocarbon fuels are cracked into small molecular hydrocarbon fuels as they pass through the engine regeneration cooling passages.

Therefore, the conditions for pyrolysis to absorb heat are the high-temperature and high-pressure environment in the regenerative cooling channel 4 of the engine, which is completed in the regenerative cooling channel 4 on the wall of the combustion chamber, utilizing the physical heat sink of the macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel and the chemical heat of the pyrolysis reaction endothermic The sink realizes the cooling of the wall of the engine combustion chamber. The cracking reaction needs to be realized under high temperature and high pressure conditions, and the regenerative cooling channel on the wall of the combustion chamber has this condition.

Example 2

On the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the fuel storage chamber 55 is divided into three parts: the straight section of the storage chamber, the contracted section of the storage chamber and the thin straight section. The contracted section of the storage chamber is conical, and the solid fuel is received by the piston. 54, the solid fuel enters the gas collection chamber 56 from the straight section of the storage chamber through the contracted section and the thin straight section of the storage chamber in turn. Since the internal diameter of the fuel storage chamber 55 gradually becomes smaller during the pushing process of the solid fuel, the control of solid fuel is realized. The flow rate of the fuel makes the position where the solid fuel enters the gas collection bin 56 be located at the center of the gas collection bin 56 .

Example 3

On the basis of Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the gas-collecting bin 56 is a ring-mounted structure, and baffles 53 are installed at both ends thereof, which are respectively a front baffle and a rear baffle, and the baffle 53 is an annular sheet shape, wherein the front baffle is set on the outer wall of the shrinkage section of the storage chamber, and the installation method is cast, (known technical means such as crimping and welding can also be used), and the rear baffle and the gas collection bin 56 are installed The sealing ring 52 realizes the function of sealing the gas collection chamber 56 through two baffles 53, the eccentric position of the front baffle is provided with an air inlet 57, and the end of the thin straight section of the storage chamber away from the contracted section of the storage chamber is provided with a deflector 58 , the deflector 58 is coaxially arranged on the outer wall of the contracted section of the storage chamber, a slit is formed between the deflector 58 and the rear baffle, and the deflector 58 is a ring-mounted structure, which is far away from the sideline of the contracted section of the storage chamber There are buffer fillets, and the liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas entering the air inlet 57 acts on the guide table 58, and guides the flow through the guide table 58, so that the liquid hydrocarbon fuel cracking gas flows around the guide table 58, In this way, the cracking gas flow direction of the liquid hydrocarbon fuel is controlled, and the functions of shearing, entraining and mixing the solid fuel in the gas collection bin 56 are realized.

Example 4

On the basis of Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, there are three air inlets 57, and the three air inlets 57 are evenly arranged along the circumference of the front baffle, thereby increasing the uniformity of gas phase distribution in the gas collection bin 56, Ensure the stability of the gas radial flow state at the slit, and realize the function of shearing and entraining the solid fuel.

Example 5

On the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the piston 54 is provided with a piston rod 51, the piston rod 51 is installed on the output end of the motor 6, and is driven by the motor 6. By controlling the speed of the motor 6, the To control the flow of solid fuel, an annular groove is formed on the outer wall of the piston 54, and a sealing ring is installed between the annular groove and the inner wall of the straight section of the storage chamber to realize the function of sealing and prevent the solid fuel from flowing from the inner wall of the straight section of the storage chamber to the piston 54. oozes between.

Example 6

On the basis of Embodiment 2, in this embodiment, the end of the straight section of the storage chamber away from the contracting end of the storage chamber is provided with a circular platform, the circular platform is in the shape of an annular sheet, and a baffle is installed at the end of the straight section of the storage chamber. It is in the shape of a circular sheet, and the baffle plate is connected with the round platform by bolts. A hole is opened in the center of the baffle plate and an annular boss is cast. The piston rod 51 is installed in the annular boss, and the piston rod 51 can move freely in the annular boss. slide.

Example 7

On the basis of Embodiment 6, in this embodiment, a sliding bearing is installed between the annular boss and the piston rod 51, and the inside of the sliding bearing is provided with balls, thereby reducing the distance between the piston rod 51 and the sliding bearing. friction between them.

Example 8

On the basis of Embodiment 3, in this embodiment, the eccentric position of the rear baffle and the front baffle is provided with a plurality of threaded holes, and the front baffle of the rear baffle is connected by bolts, so that the position of the rear baffle is fixed .

Example 9

On the basis of Embodiment 3, a mixing tube 59 is installed on the rear baffle in this embodiment, and the gas-solid two-phase mixing in the combustion chamber can be realized uniformly by using the mixing tube 59 .

Example 10

On the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, the output position of the plunger pump 2 is provided with a flow regulating valve 3, and the flow regulating valve 3 can be used to control the flow rate of the macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel to realize macromolecular liquid carbon fuel. The adjustment of the flow rate of hydrogen fuel realizes the solid-gas ratio of gas-solid two-phase blending.

Of course, the above description is not a limitation of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the above examples. Changes, modifications, additions or replacements made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the present invention also belong to the scope of the present invention. protected range.

Claims (10)

1. The mixed fuel supply device of the cracking gas carrying flow solid fuel is characterized in that: the device comprises a plunger pump for pushing macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel, a regeneration cooling channel for cracking the macromolecular liquid hydrocarbon fuel, and a fuel supply device for carrying and mixing solid fuel;

the fuel supply device comprises a fuel storage chamber, a piston for pushing solid fuel is slidably arranged in the fuel storage chamber, and the fuel storage chamber is communicated with a gas collecting bin.

2. The pyrolysis gas entrained flow solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the fuel reservoir is divided into three parts, namely a reservoir straight section, a reservoir contracted section and a thin straight section.

3. The pyrolysis gas stream-carrying solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the two ends of the gas collection bin are respectively provided with a front baffle and a rear baffle, an air inlet is arranged at the eccentric position of the front baffle, a flow guide table is arranged at one end of the thin straight section of the storage chamber, which is far away from the contraction section of the storage chamber, and a slit is formed between the flow guide table and the rear baffle.

4. The pyrolysis gas stream-carrying solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the air inlet holes are three.

5. The pyrolysis gas entrained flow solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 1, characterized in that: the piston is provided with a piston rod, and the piston rod is arranged at the output end of the motor.

6. The pyrolysis gas stream-carrying solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that: the end of the straight section of the storage chamber, which is far away from the contraction end of the storage chamber, is provided with a round table, the end of the straight section of the storage chamber, which is far away from the straight section of the storage chamber, is provided with a baffle, and a piston rod is slidably arranged on the baffle.

7. The pyrolysis gas stream-carrying solid fuel mixed fuel supply apparatus according to claim 6, wherein: and a sliding bearing is arranged between the baffle and the piston rod.

8. The mixed fuel supply apparatus for a pyrolysis gas entrained flow solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein: the rear baffle is connected with the front baffle through bolts.

9. The mixed fuel supply apparatus for a pyrolysis gas entrained flow solid fuel according to claim 3, wherein: the rear baffle is provided with a mixing pipe.

10. The pyrolysis gas stream-carrying solid fuel mixed fuel supply device according to claim 2, characterized in that: and a flow regulating valve is arranged at the output position of the plunger pump.

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