CN114688561A - High-capacity thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellant - Google Patents
High-capacity thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN114688561A CN114688561A CN202210352830.5A CN202210352830A CN114688561A CN 114688561 A CN114688561 A CN 114688561A CN 202210352830 A CN202210352830 A CN 202210352830A CN 114688561 A CN114688561 A CN 114688561A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- flame tube
- gas generator
- alcohol
- pressure
- bearing shell
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/004—Using semiconductor elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/008—Structurally associated with fluid-fuel burners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
- F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
- F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
- F23R3/38—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply comprising rotary fuel injection means
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of gas generators, and discloses a high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants. Taking the incoming flow direction of airflow as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an air inlet communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an air outlet communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline; the inner cavity is sequentially provided with an expansion section, an equal straight section and an outlet section, and a flame tube is arranged on the central axis; the outer part and the front section are sequentially fixed with a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline and an alcohol nozzle component, and fuel alcohol is injected into the swirler component of the inner cavity; the middle section is sequentially fixed with a flame tube positioning pin assembly, a semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly and a flame tube guide pin assembly, the flame tube positioning pin assembly and the flame tube guide pin assembly are inserted into the shell to fix the flame tube, and the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly is inserted into the shell to ignite combustible premix sprayed out of the adapter plate of the flame tube. The fuel gas generator can be started quickly under high pressure, has high stable combustion efficiency, is quick to shut down and has long service life.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of fuel gas generators, and particularly relates to a high-capacity thermal-strength fuel gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants.
Background
In the injection field of aerospace, negative pressure/vacuum negative pumping systems and the like, the injection system has high working performance and small-size scale development requirements, and an effective way for solving the high working performance and small-size scale development requirements of the injection system is to develop a miniaturized, high-pressure and quick-start, high-temperature and high-Mach number, large flow, quick shutdown and good economic injection technology. The fuel gas generator is equipment for obtaining high-temperature fuel gas by burning a propellant, can improve the injection efficiency of the injector, and is commonly used in the injection field.
The existing single-tube combustion gas generator and annular combustion chamber gas generator which take ethanol as fuel both adopt high-pressure air and ethanol bipropellant propellant, have the advantages of safety, no toxicity, good storage performance, convenient transportation and treatment, good economical efficiency and guarantee, and can meet the economical requirement of an injection system. However, these two types of gas generators cannot fully meet all the requirements of miniaturization, high-pressure quick start, high temperature, high mach number, large flow, quick shutdown, economy and the like of an injection system. There are mainly two disadvantages:
firstly, the two gas generators are designed according to the principle of an aviation gas turbine combustion chamber, the heat capacity intensity of the generators is equivalent to that of a flame tube of the aviation gas turbine on the ground, and the heat capacity intensity is generally 0.07-0.2 MJ/(m)3Pa · h). However, aiming at the miniaturization requirement of an injection system, the required heat capacity intensity of the gas generator is as high as 1 MJ/(m)3Pa · h), requires a small gas generator volume, high combustion intensity and large fuel flow.
Secondly, the combustion chamber structure of the two gas generators is similar to the main combustion chamber of the combustion engine, except for the fuel nozzle, the swirler, the support and other parts, other parts such as a flame tube, a head, a cap cover and the like are all made of thin-wall high-temperature alloy sheet metal, the combustion chamber structure is light in weight, and the combustion chamber structure is suitable for a low-pressure slow-start working state (low-flow ignition starting, flow and pressure are slowly increased until a rated working state is reached) with small impact load and does not meet the requirements of high-pressure quick start and vehicle shut-down of an injection system.
There is a need to develop a high capacity hot strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the technical problem of providing a high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants.
The high-volume thermal strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants is based on a gas generator with an annular combustion chamber, adopts a two-component propellant of high-pressure air and industrial alcohol (fuel, the mass content of ethanol is more than 97 percent), and is adaptively designed according to the combustion chamber principle of an aeroengine.
The invention relates to a high-capacity thermal-strength fuel gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants, which is characterized in that the fuel gas generator comprises a fuel gas generator pressure-bearing shell, a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline, an alcohol nozzle assembly, a flame tube, a semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly, a flame tube guide pin assembly and a flame tube positioning pin assembly;
the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; taking the incoming flow direction of airflow as the front, the front end of a pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an air inlet and is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an air outlet and is communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
in the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, the front section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator is an expansion section, the middle section is an equal straight section, the rear section is an outlet section, and a flame tube is arranged on the central axis;
the fuel alcohol supply pipeline is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator through a clamping ring outside the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, an alcohol nozzle assembly is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator, and the fuel alcohol supply pipeline extends into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly, is connected with a swirler assembly of a flame tube and injects fuel alcohol into the swirler assembly; the flame tube positioning pin assembly, the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly and the flame tube guide pin assembly are fixed on the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator sequentially through fixing pieces from front to back; the flame tube positioning pin assembly and the flame tube guide pin assembly are inserted into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube; the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting combustible premix sprayed by the adapter disc of the flame tube;
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of the expansion section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator and comprises an inlet flange, a pressure-bearing shell expansion section I and a pressure-bearing shell expansion section II which are fixedly connected from front to back in sequence, the inner cavity of the inlet flange is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section I is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and has an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section II is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and has an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than that of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube shunting diffuser pipe of a flame tube, and the inner cavity of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are smoothly transited from front to back; given a total pressure loss coefficient lambda of a multi-channel diffuser, efficiency eta of the multi-channel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, and calculating the outlet diameter of the multi-channel diffuser and the total length of a gas generator through pre-programmed calculation software;
the length-height ratio of the flame tube is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube flow dividing and pressure expanding tube, a swirler assembly, an adapter plate, a flame tube outer tube body, a flame tube inner tube body, a splash baffle and a cap cover; the rear end of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe is fixedly connected with the inner flame tube barrel, the outer flame tube barrel is sleeved on the inner flame tube barrel, switching discs which are uniformly distributed are arranged in an annular cavity in front of the inner flame tube barrel and the outer flame tube barrel and at the front section of the inner flame tube barrel, the rear sections of the inner flame tube barrel and the outer flame tube barrel are provided with inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and staggered with each other, the outer flame tube barrel is also provided with seepage holes which are arrayed, cooling gas flows through the outer wall surface of the outer flame tube barrel, high-temperature fuel gas flows through the inner wall surface of the outer flame tube barrel, the cooling gas permeates into the outer flame tube barrel through the seepage holes, and a wall surface gas film is formed at the position close to the inner wall surface of the outer flame tube barrel; the front end of the adapter plate covers the cap cover outside the adapter plate, a swirler assembly is installed in the center of the adapter plate, and a splash shield is installed at the rear end of the swirler assembly;
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow distribution of airflow entering the gas generator is 19% of head inlet air, 1% of head cooling air, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole and outer main combustion hole inlet air, 38% of mixing hole inlet air and 9.6% of wall surface air film cooling inlet air.
Furthermore, the thickness of the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I and the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section II is 10 mm.
Further, the thickness of adapter plate be 50 mm.
Further, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle assembly is a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
Further, two ignition electric nozzles in the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube, according to the atomization quality and concentration distribution characteristics of the alcohol nozzle, the ignition electric nozzles are located in a backflow area with low airflow speed of the flame tube, the residual gas coefficient of a two-phase mixture of alcohol and air is 0.5, one ignition electric nozzle spark plug is opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly, and the other ignition electric nozzle spark plug is located between the two alcohol nozzles.
Further, the energy storage of the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 14 Hz.
The high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants solves the following key technical problems:
(1) the flow speed of low-temperature high-pressure incoming flow at the inlet of the gas generator is effectively reduced; (2) the heat capacity strength is improved; (3) the material has good performance under various complex loads, and the service life is prolonged; (4) rapid and reliable ignition and stable combustion are achieved at high pressures.
The temperature of the incoming air at the inlet of the gas generator is low, the pressure is high, the speed is high, the stable and efficient combustion of the gas generator is difficult to organize, the total pressure loss is large, and therefore the problem of reducing the incoming air speed is the first problem of the gas generator. The high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants adopts a pipeline structure, is cylindrical and small in size, combines the diffuser technology of an engine combustion chamber, adopts a multi-channel diffuser on the basis of a pneumatic diffuser, and utilizes the advantages of small pressure loss, difficult separation of air flow, good working stability, insensitivity of a flame tube to distortion of incoming air and good structural rigidity of the multi-channel diffuser, so that the inlet air is reasonably divided, the speed is reduced more through a larger expansion ratio, the static pressure is improved, and simultaneously, the non-separation of the air flow in each channel is favorably ensured, and the working stability is realized.
All parts in the high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants are fixedly connected in a welding mode, the thickness of the adapter plate is 50mm, the adapter plate is dozens of times thicker than that of a flame tube adapter plate of a conventional aircraft engine, the structural rigidity and the strength of the adapter plate are greatly enhanced, the adapter plate can effectively bear various impact loads, combustion heat influence and vibration caused by combustion pressure pulsation, and the problem of collapse can not occur even if the gas generator is quickly started and shut down and the adapter plate bears huge impact loads. Even when the gas generator has abnormal working conditions and violent vibration, the structure of the switching disc and parts connected with the switching disc can still be ensured to be intact, and the service life of the gas generator is greatly prolonged.
The heat intensity of the flame tube in the high heat intensity fuel gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellant is 1 MJ/(m)3Pa · h) with a length to height ratio of about 1.9, smaller than the length to height ratio 2 of the short annular combustion chambers advanced today. The flame tube is supported in the pressure-bearing shell of the gas generator by a positioning pin and a guide pin. Set up 4 flame tube locating pin holes on the keysets, set up 4 flame tube guide pin bushes on the outer barrel of flame tube, the strong point of flame tube is many, the support position dispersion. The liner is secured within the pressure-bearing housing of the gasifier by a liner guide pin assembly and a liner dowel assembly. The supporting mode is effectively reducedThe influence of the thermal stress of the flame tube is avoided, the thermal deformation of the outer tube body of the flame tube is not influenced, the outer tube body can freely stretch and retract, and the free thermal expansion of the outer tube body is effectively ensured.
The high volume, high thermal strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants of the present invention focuses on the design of alcohol nozzle assemblies, swirler assemblies and semiconductor firing tip assemblies in order to achieve reliable ignition and stable combustion quickly and with 100% success rate at high pressure.
Firstly, the alcohol nozzle component part, because the fuel used by the fuel gas generator is alcohol, the physical property and the combustion enthalpy value of the alcohol are different from those of aviation kerosene which is a fuel of a conventional aviation engine, the performance and the spray quality parameters of the alcohol nozzle are optimized on the basis of considering the design of an aviation kerosene nozzle, the structure of the fuel gas generator is compact, the volume is small, the diameter and the length of a combustion chamber are both limited, in order to realize high heat capacity intensity, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle component is designed into a structural form with a large spray cone angle, a centrifugal nozzle is selected, and simultaneously, in order to obtain better atomization quality and consider the requirements of combustion stability and complete combustion, the centrifugal nozzle is further optimized into a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
Secondly, the swirler assembly part is provided with a swirler which can generate a premixed gas film and has a two-stage reverse structure in the periphery in order to prevent fuel from directly splashing to the wall surface of the flame tube to ablate the flame tube due to the large spray cone angle of the two-way centrifugal nozzle, the swirler and the two-way centrifugal nozzle are nested for use, a low-pressure area is formed behind the swirler to generate a hot reflux area, and thus the flame stability is ensured; meanwhile, in order to ensure the fuel injection distribution uniformity and the spraying quality at the head of the combustion chamber, obtain a fully premixed gas-liquid mixture and ensure the ignition starting reliability and the uniformity of the cross flame and the outlet temperature, the ratio of the distance between the alcohol nozzles on the swirler to the height of the head is determined to be 0.8, the number of the alcohol nozzles is 8, and the diameters of the inner cylinder and the outer cylinder of the flame tube of the gas generator are determined according to the ratio.
Thirdly, the temperature of the incoming air at the inlet of the gas generator is-10 ℃ to-40 ℃, and the air pressure is 1.85 to 1.9, so that the fuel alcohol (compared with aviation kerosene) of the gas generator has poor evaporability and high evaporation latent heat under the low-temperature and high-pressure environment, and is not beneficial to low-temperature cold start, and the design index of the gas generator requires that the ignition start time delta t is less than or equal to 1s, the ignition success rate is 100 percent, and the ignition start condition is more severe than that of an aeroengine combustion chamber. In addition, if ignition delay or failure occurs in the gas generator, the alcohol flow is large, the air pressure is high, and deflagration, detonation and even explosion risks are easy to occur, so that the gas generator body and upstream and downstream equipment thereof are damaged. The maximum energy storage of a high-energy direct ignition device commonly applied to an aircraft engine combustion chamber is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 1-5 Hz, and based on the characteristics of alcohol fuel and the working condition complexity of a gas generator, a semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly selects a high-energy direct ignition device with the energy storage of 20J and the spark discharge frequency of 14Hz and is matched with a semiconductor ignition electric nozzle. The high-energy ignition electric nozzle has high frequency and large energy (the volume of sparks generated by the discharge of the ignition electric nozzle is large), can effectively ensure the contact frequency and the ignition area of the discharge sparks of the ignition electric nozzle and combustible premixed gas (air and alcohol premixed gas), and ensures that a gas generator can be quickly ignited and started and reliably ignited. The double high-energy ignition electric nozzle layout is adopted, so that the ignition starting speed and the ignition reliability can be further improved, and the ignition success rate can reach the 100% technical index requirement.
The high-capacity thermal strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants comprises a flame tube, a baffle disc, a fuel flow distribution atomizing device, a high-temperature gas and alcohol as propellants, wherein after low-temperature high-pressure high-speed incoming flow air enters the generator, firstly, the pressure is expanded and the speed is reduced, part of the air enters the flame tube through a swirler, small holes and the like at the head of the flame tube, the head of the flame tube adopts an 'impact' cooling mode, low-temperature air impacts the baffle disc through the small holes on the fuel flow distribution atomizing device to form impact cooling, a layer of uniform gas film is formed at the high-temperature side of the baffle disc to reduce convection heat transfer between high-temperature gas and the baffle disc, and the temperature of the baffle disc is controlled at the long-term allowable working temperature of metal; the other part flows into an inner channel butted with the flow dividing diffuser pipe and an outer ring channel between the flame tube and the pressure-bearing shell, and respectively enters the flame tube through the main combustion hole, the mixing hole and the multi-inclined hole. The flame tube is uniformly covered by the all-gas film in the axial direction and the axial direction, so that the temperature of the wall surface of the flame tube is controlled at the allowable working temperature of metal for a long time, and the deformation and buckling instability of the flame tube are effectively prevented.
The high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants has the following advantages:
1. the high-volume heat intensity, the high flow and the high combustion intensity are realized, and the volume utilization rate of the flame tube is improved;
2. the rigidity and the strength are sufficient, the bearing capacity of various complex loads is strong, and the service life is greatly prolonged;
3. the structure is compact, the ignition reliability is high, the starting is rapid, the operation is stable, and all requirements of miniaturization, high-pressure rapid starting, high temperature, high Mach number, large flow, rapid vehicle shutdown, economy and the like of an injection system are met;
4. the structure is simple, the manufacturing difficulty is low, and the cost is low; the economic efficiency of the gas generator is greatly improved by adopting the alcohol fuel;
5. effectively expands the application range and field of the gas generator and is an innovation of the gas generator technology.
In summary, the high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants has the advantages of high capacity thermal strength, large flow, high combustion strength, small volume, enough rigidity and strength, strong bearing capacity of various complex loads, quick and reliable response of an ignition device, realization of quick start, stable combustion, high combustion efficiency, quick shutdown under the condition of low-temperature and high-pressure airflow, long service life and engineering popularization value.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a high volume thermal strength gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a multi-channel diffuser in the high capacity thermal strength gasifier of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the internal flow field distribution of the high volume, high thermal strength gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 4a is a schematic view of the opening of the flame tube in the high volume, high heat intensity gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 4b is a schematic diagram of the wall film of the liner in the high volume thermal strength gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of an adapter plate in the high volume, high thermal strength gasifier of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of the construction of a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly in the high volume, high heat intensity gas generator of the present invention using air and alcohol as propellants;
FIG. 7 is a graph of the operation of the high volume hot strength gasifier with air and alcohol as propellants in example 1 during the start-up phase of ignition;
FIG. 8 is a graph of the operation of the high volume hot strength gasifier of example 1 with air and alcohol as propellants under design conditions;
FIG. 9 is a graph of the temperature at the outlet of the high volume thermal strength gasifier with air and alcohol as propellants of example 1;
FIG. 10 is a graph of the liner wall temperature profile in a high volume hot strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants in example 1.
In the drawings, 1, a pressure-bearing housing of a gas generator; 2. a fuel alcohol feed line; 3. an alcohol nozzle assembly; 4. a flame tube; 5. a semiconductor ignition torch assembly; 6. a liner guide pin assembly; 7. a flame tube dowel assembly;
101. an inlet flange; 102. a pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I; 103. a pressure-bearing shell diffusion section II;
401. a diffuser pipe is shunted by the flame tube; 402. a swirler assembly; 403. a switching disk; 404. an outer flame tube body; 405. an inner flame tube body; 406. a splash shield; 407. and (4) a cap.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
As shown in fig. 1-3, 4a, 4b, 5 and 6, the high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant according to the present invention comprises a gas generator pressure-bearing housing 1, a fuel alcohol supply line 2, an alcohol nozzle assembly 3, a flame tube 4, a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5, a flame tube guide pin assembly 6 and a flame tube guide pin assembly 7;
the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; taking the incoming flow direction of airflow as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator is an air inlet and is communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell is an air outlet and is communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
in the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, the front section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator is an expansion section, the middle section is an equal straight section, the rear section is an outlet section, and a flame tube 4 is arranged on the central axis;
outside the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, a fuel alcohol supply pipeline 2 is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator through a clamping ring, an alcohol nozzle assembly 3 is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator, and the fuel alcohol supply pipeline 2 extends into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly 3, is connected with a swirler assembly 402 of a flame tube 4 and injects fuel alcohol into the swirler assembly 402; the flame tube positioning pin assembly 7, the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly 5 and the flame tube guide pin assembly 6 are fixed on the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator sequentially through fixing pieces from front to back; the flame tube positioning pin assembly 7 and the flame tube guiding pin assembly 6 are inserted into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube 4; the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5 is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting combustible premix sprayed by the adapter plate 403 of the flame tube 4;
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of an expansion section of an inner cavity of a pressure-bearing shell 1 of the gas generator and comprises an inlet flange 101, a pressure-bearing shell expansion section I102 and a pressure-bearing shell expansion section II 103 which are fixedly connected from front to back in sequence, the inner cavity of the inlet flange 101 is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section I102 is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and has an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section II 103 is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and has an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than that of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube shunting diffuser pipe 401 of the flame tube 4, and the inner cavity of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe 401 is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are in smooth transition from front to back; given the total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multi-channel diffuser, the efficiency eta of the multi-channel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, calculating the outlet diameter of the multi-channel diffuser and the total length of the gas generator through pre-programmed calculation software;
the length-height ratio of the flame tube 4 is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube flow dividing diffuser pipe 401, a swirler assembly 402, an adapter 403, a flame tube outer tube 404, a flame tube inner tube 405, a splash shield 406 and a cap cover 407; the rear end of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe 401 is fixedly connected with a flame tube inner cylinder 405, the flame tube inner cylinder 405 is sleeved with a flame tube outer cylinder 404, an adapter plate 403 which is uniformly distributed is arranged in an annular cavity in front of the flame tube inner cylinder 405 and the flame tube outer cylinder 404 and at the front section of the flame tube inner cylinder 405, the rear sections of the flame tube inner cylinder 405 and the flame tube outer cylinder 404 are provided with inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and staggered with each other, the flame tube outer cylinder 404 is also provided with mixing holes which are arranged in an array manner, the outer wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404 flows through cooling gas, the inner wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404 flows through high-temperature gas, the cooling gas penetrates into the flame tube outer cylinder 404 through the mixing holes, and a wall surface gas film is formed at the position close to the inner wall surface of the flame tube outer cylinder 404; outside the adapter plate 403, the front end of the adapter plate 403 covers the cap cover 407, the center of the adapter plate 403 is provided with the cyclone assembly 402, and the rear end of the cyclone assembly 402 is provided with the splash guard 406;
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow distribution of airflow entering the gas generator is 19% of head inlet air, 1% of head cooling air, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole and outer main combustion hole inlet air, 38% of mixing hole inlet air and 9.6% of wall surface air film cooling inlet air.
Further, the thicknesses of the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section I102 and the pressure-bearing shell diffusion section II 103 are 10 mm.
Further, the thickness of the adapter plate 403 is 50 mm.
Further, the alcohol nozzle in the alcohol nozzle assembly 3 is a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
Further, two ignition nozzles in the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5 are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube 4, according to the atomizing quality and concentration distribution characteristics of the alcohol nozzles, the ignition nozzles are positioned in a backflow area with low airflow speed of the flame tube 4 and at a position where the residual gas coefficient of a two-phase mixture of alcohol and air is 0.5, one ignition nozzle spark plug is right opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly 3, and the other ignition nozzle spark plug is positioned between the two alcohol nozzles.
Further, the stored energy of the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly 5 is 20J, and the spark discharge frequency is 14 Hz.
Example 1
The design parameters of the high-volume thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants in the embodiment are shown in table 1, the main structural parameters are shown in table 2, the diameters of the inner main combustion hole and the outer main combustion hole are respectively 8 and 7.1, and the number of the inner main combustion hole and the number of the outer main combustion holes are respectively 16 and 32; the diameter of the mixing holes was 10 and the number was 30. The total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multi-channel diffuser is 2%, the efficiency eta of the multi-channel diffuser is 95%, the diameter of the inlet of the diffuser is 125, and the diameter of the outlet of the multi-channel diffuser is 200, and the total length 1190 of the gas generator is obtained through calculation through pre-programmed calculation software.
As can be seen from Table 1, the high-volume heat-intensity gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants in the embodiment has the advantages that the temperature and the pressure of the incoming air are low, the temperature of the incoming air is changed from minus 10 ℃ to minus 40 ℃, the upstream air valve of the gas generator is quickly opened, the pressure of the incoming air is instantly increased from 0.1 to 1.85 to 1.9 within 1s, the temperature of the incoming air is lower when the vehicle is shut down, and the temperature of the incoming air can be reduced to about minus 75 ℃; the ignition starting time delta t of the generator is less than or equal to 1s and is 100% reliable, the pressure of the generator quickly reaches a rated state of 3.7-3.8 from 1.85-1.9, the pressure is continuously unchanged, the vehicle is quickly turned off, and the pressure is instantly reduced to a pre-ignition state.
TABLE 1
TABLE 2
For safety reasons, it is necessary to conduct small flow ignition start performance test studies with the goal of finding the best parameters to achieve ignition start speed, ignition reliability and flame stability. The high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants in the present example was subjected to ignition performance verification tests. The ignition performance verification test obtains a working curve of an ignition starting stage as shown in fig. 7, wherein the injection time ti is the interval from the moment that a quick valve at the tail end of an alcohol liquid supply pipeline opens alcohol flow through a pre-injection pressure measuring point to the injection time of an alcohol nozzle, and the ignition starting time ts is the time interval that an ignition nozzle discharges to ignite combustible mixture and spread flame to the whole flame tube to form stable flame. As can be seen from fig. 7, the injection time and the ignition start time are respectively 0.42s and 0.14s, the fuel alcohol is ignited almost at the same time of being injected into the flame tube, the flame propagation speed after ignition is rapid, and the pressure of the combustion chamber reaches a stable value in an extremely short (or short) time; the sum of the two times is 0.56s, is less than the ignition starting time (delta t is less than or equal to 1s) required by the design index of the gas generator, and the ignition starting is rapid; on the basis, repeated tests of multiple vehicles are carried out, and the tests are gradually transited to full-flow ignition starting performance tests, the ignition starting is successful (as long as the ignition nozzle works normally, the ignition success rate is 100%, the ignition reliability is high), stable combustion flame is formed, and the ignition starting performance target is realized.
In order to verify whether the high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants meets the operation requirement of an injection system, has enough rigidity and strength, can bear large starting impact and other complex loads, and meets the design index requirements of high-pressure quick start, stable combustion, high combustion efficiency, quick vehicle shutdown and high-capacity thermal strength. The high-volume thermal-strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants of the present example was also subjected to a combustion performance verification test.
The operating curve under the design condition as shown in fig. 8 is obtained. As can be seen from fig. 8, the high-heat-intensity gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants in the present embodiment has high air pressure before starting, is quick to start, has a stable combustion chamber pressure curve and reaches the standard value, is quick to shut down, and meets the design index requirement of high-heat-intensity.
The temperature curve at the outlet as shown in fig. 9 was obtained, the temperature bent was about 2000mm from the generator outlet, and the temperature bent points were numbered sequentially from top to bottom along the radial direction of the section of the measurement section. As can be seen from fig. 9, the temperature distribution on the same radial section is high in the middle and low on both sides; in addition, the temperature deviation on the same radial section of the outlet of the measuring section is kept within 50K (980K-1020K), the temperature is the temperature of high-speed fuel gas discharged by the fuel gas generator, and the temperature is converted into the total temperature of the fuel gas at the outlet of the fuel gas generator to be about 1100K, which shows that the temperature of the fuel gas reaches the requirement of design indexes.
A liner wall surface temperature profile as shown in fig. 10 was obtained. As can be seen from FIG. 10, the temperature of each measuring point does not exceed 560 ℃, the high-temperature alloy used by the flame tube is allowed to have a long-term use temperature of about 800 ℃, which indicates that the cooling scheme of the flame tube is reasonable in design and has a good cooling effect; on the basis of full-flow repeated tests, the structure of the flame tube is inspected, and the flame tube has the advantages of complete structure, no problems of cracks, deformation, chipping, ablation, corrosion and the like.
Tests prove that the high-volume thermal-strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants has high structural reliability, enough rigidity and strength, can bear various complex loads in the combustion process, and greatly prolongs the service life.
Although the embodiments of the present invention have been disclosed above, it is not limited to the applications listed in the description and the embodiments, but it can be applied to various fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications and refinements will readily occur to those skilled in the art without departing from the principles of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to the specific details and illustrations shown and described herein.
Claims (6)
1. The high-volume thermal-strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellants is characterized by comprising a gas generator pressure-bearing shell (1), a fuel alcohol liquid supply pipeline (2), an alcohol nozzle assembly (3), a flame tube (4), a semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5), a flame tube guide pin assembly (6) and a flame tube positioning pin assembly (7);
the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator adopts a pipeline structure; the incoming flow direction of the airflow is taken as the front, the front end of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator is taken as an air inlet and communicated with an air inlet pipeline, and the rear end of the pressure-bearing shell is taken as an air outlet and communicated with a high-temperature gas pipeline;
in the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator, the front section of the inner cavity of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator is an expansion section, the middle section is an equal straight section, the rear section is an outlet section, and a flame tube (4) is arranged on the central axis;
outside a pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator, a fuel alcohol supply pipeline (2) is fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator through a clamping ring, an alcohol nozzle assembly (3) is also fixed at the front section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator, the fuel alcohol supply pipeline (2) extends into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator through the alcohol nozzle assembly (3) and is connected with a swirler assembly (402) of a flame tube (4) to inject fuel alcohol into the swirler assembly (402); the flame tube positioning pin assembly (7), the semiconductor ignition electric nozzle assembly (5) and the flame tube guide pin assembly (6) are fixed on the middle section of the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator sequentially from front to back through fixing pieces; the flame tube positioning pin assembly (7) and the flame tube guide pin assembly (6) are inserted into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator from outside to inside and are used for fixing the flame tube (4); the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5) is inserted into the pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator from outside to inside and is used for igniting combustible premix sprayed by the adapter disc (403) of the flame tube (4);
the front section of the gas generator is a multi-channel diffuser, the multi-channel diffuser is divided into two layers which are nested inside and outside, the outer layer corresponds to the part of an expansion section of an inner cavity of a pressure-bearing shell (1) of the gas generator and comprises an inlet flange (101), a pressure-bearing shell expansion section I (102) and a pressure-bearing shell expansion section II (103) which are fixedly connected from front to back in sequence, the inner cavity of the inlet flange (101) is a cylindrical cavity I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section I (102) is a conical cavity I which is in smooth transition with the cylindrical cavity and has an expansion angle I, the pressure-bearing shell expansion section II (103) is a conical cavity II which is in smooth transition with the conical cavity I and has an expansion angle II, the expansion angle I is smaller than the expansion angle II, and the length of the conical cavity I is smaller than that of the conical cavity II; the inner layer is a flame tube shunting diffuser pipe (401) of the flame tube (4), and the inner cavity of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe (401) is a cylindrical cavity II, a conical cavity III and a cylindrical cavity III which are in smooth transition from front to back; given the total pressure loss coefficient lambda of the multi-channel diffuser, the efficiency eta of the multi-channel diffuser and the inlet diameter of the diffuser, calculating the outlet diameter of the multi-channel diffuser and the total length of the gas generator through pre-programmed calculation software;
the length-height ratio of the flame tube (4) is 1.9, and the flame tube comprises a flame tube flow dividing diffuser tube (401), a swirler assembly (402), an adapter (403), a flame tube outer tube body (404), a flame tube inner tube body (405), a splash guard (406) and a cap cover (407); the rear end of the flame tube shunting diffuser pipe (401) is fixedly connected with a flame tube inner tube body (405), a flame tube outer tube body (404) is sleeved on the flame tube inner tube body (405), the uniform distribution of adapter discs (403) is arranged in an annular cavity in front of the inner flame tube cylinder (405) and the outer flame tube cylinder (404) and at the front section of the inner flame tube cylinder (405), the rear sections of the inner flame tube cylinder (405) and the outer flame tube cylinder (404) are provided with inner main combustion holes and outer main combustion holes which are uniformly distributed along the circumferential direction and staggered with each other, the outer flame tube cylinder (404) is also provided with mixing holes which are arrayed, cooling gas flows through the outer wall surface of the outer flame tube cylinder (404), high-temperature gas flows through the inner wall surface of the outer flame tube cylinder (404), the cooling gas penetrates into the outer flame tube cylinder (404) through the mixing holes, and a wall surface gas film is formed at the position close to the inner wall surface of the outer flame tube cylinder (404); outside the adapter plate (403), the front end of the adapter plate (403) covers a cap cover (407), the center of the adapter plate (403) is provided with a cyclone assembly (402), and the rear end of the cyclone assembly (402) is provided with a splash shield (406);
all parts in the gas generator are fixedly connected in a welding mode, and the flow distribution of airflow entering the gas generator is 19% of head inlet air, 1% of head cooling air, 32.4% of inner main combustion hole and outer main combustion hole inlet air, 38% of mixing hole inlet air and 9.6% of wall surface air film cooling inlet air.
2. The high-capacity thermal-strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellants according to claim 1, wherein the thicknesses of the pressure-bearing shell diffuser section i (102) and the pressure-bearing shell diffuser section ii (103) are 10 mm.
3. The high volume, high thermal strength, air and alcohol propellant gas generator as claimed in claim 1 wherein said adaptor plate (403) is 50mm thick.
4. The high-volume hot strength air and alcohol propellant gas generator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly (3) is a two-way centrifugal nozzle.
5. The high-capacity hot strength gas generator using air and alcohol as propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein two ignition nozzles of the semiconductor ignition nozzle assembly (5) are arranged on the same cross section of the flame tube (4), and according to the atomizing quality and concentration distribution characteristics of the alcohol nozzle, the ignition nozzles are located in a backflow region where the airflow speed of the flame tube (4) is low and the residual gas coefficient of the alcohol-air two-phase mixture is 0.5, one ignition nozzle spark plug is opposite to one alcohol nozzle of the alcohol nozzle assembly (3), and the other ignition nozzle spark plug is located between the two alcohol nozzles.
6. The high-capacity hot strength gas generator with air and alcohol as propellant as claimed in claim 1, wherein the semiconductor ignition torch assembly (5) has an energy storage of 20J and a spark discharge frequency of 14 Hz.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210352830.5A CN114688561B (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210352830.5A CN114688561B (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN114688561A true CN114688561A (en) | 2022-07-01 |
| CN114688561B CN114688561B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
Family
ID=82142313
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210352830.5A Active CN114688561B (en) | 2022-04-06 | 2022-04-06 | High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN114688561B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116045307A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-02 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Dual-centrifugal air alcohol torch igniter |
| CN116183234A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Double-deck steady voltage room that admits air of high altitude platform |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB189716977A (en) * | 1897-07-19 | 1898-05-20 | Walter John Hubert Jones | Improvements in Means for Heating the Ignition Device for Gas, Oil, or Spirit Engines. |
| US5588299A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1996-12-31 | Simmonds Precision Engine Systems, Inc. | Electrostatic fuel injector body with igniter electrodes formed in the housing |
| CN101144430A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-03-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tower type flame holder for rotor engine |
| CN101307916A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2008-11-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gas turbine combustion-chamber for combusting ethanol fuel |
| CN103697471A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-02 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院 | Annular combustion chamber fuel gas generator using alcohol as fuel |
| CN107420937A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-12-01 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院江油天诚实业公司 | A kind of multi-point injection gas generator using ethanol as fuel |
-
2022
- 2022-04-06 CN CN202210352830.5A patent/CN114688561B/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GB189716977A (en) * | 1897-07-19 | 1898-05-20 | Walter John Hubert Jones | Improvements in Means for Heating the Ignition Device for Gas, Oil, or Spirit Engines. |
| US5588299A (en) * | 1993-05-26 | 1996-12-31 | Simmonds Precision Engine Systems, Inc. | Electrostatic fuel injector body with igniter electrodes formed in the housing |
| CN101144430A (en) * | 2007-10-19 | 2008-03-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Tower type flame holder for rotor engine |
| CN101307916A (en) * | 2008-06-24 | 2008-11-19 | 北京航空航天大学 | Gas turbine combustion-chamber for combusting ethanol fuel |
| CN103697471A (en) * | 2013-12-13 | 2014-04-02 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院 | Annular combustion chamber fuel gas generator using alcohol as fuel |
| CN107420937A (en) * | 2017-06-12 | 2017-12-01 | 中国燃气涡轮研究院江油天诚实业公司 | A kind of multi-point injection gas generator using ethanol as fuel |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 赵芳等: "空气/酒精单喷嘴燃气发生器试验研究", 《实验流体力学》 * |
| 赵芳等: "空气／酒精燃气发生器试验研究", 《工程热物理学报》 * |
| 赵芳等: "高温燃气引射系统对接试验验证", 《实验流体力学》 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116045307A (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2023-05-02 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Dual-centrifugal air alcohol torch igniter |
| CN116045307B (en) * | 2023-03-09 | 2024-04-19 | 中国空气动力研究与发展中心空天技术研究所 | Dual-centrifugal air alcohol torch igniter |
| CN116183234A (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-05-30 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Double-deck steady voltage room that admits air of high altitude platform |
| CN116183234B (en) * | 2023-04-27 | 2023-06-30 | 中国航发四川燃气涡轮研究院 | Double-deck steady voltage room that admits air of high altitude platform |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN114688561B (en) | 2023-07-07 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN114688561B (en) | High-capacity heat strength gas generator taking air and alcohol as propellants | |
| US9476399B1 (en) | Glow plug type acoustic resonance igniter | |
| US6959551B2 (en) | Aeromechanical injection system with a primary anti-return swirler | |
| US11906168B2 (en) | Volute trapped vortex combustor assembly | |
| WO1993025851A1 (en) | Combustion chamber apparatus and method for performing combustion | |
| US11060728B2 (en) | Combustor and gas turbine including the same | |
| CN114001374A (en) | Gas-liquid two-phase dual-fuel rotary detonation combustion chamber | |
| CN113154391B (en) | Gas-oxygen-methane torch ignition device and torch generation method thereof | |
| CN101852148A (en) | Oxygen/kerosene ignitor using pneumatic resonance ignition technology | |
| WO2022057752A1 (en) | Cryogenic engine suitable for space apparatus | |
| US3999378A (en) | Bypass augmentation burner arrangement for a gas turbine engine | |
| US3229464A (en) | Combustor comprising a flame tube and insulating means | |
| JP4424553B2 (en) | Jet burner | |
| US20200149496A1 (en) | Rotating detonation combustor with contoured inlet | |
| US5163287A (en) | Stored energy combustor with fuel injector containing igniter means for accommodating thermal expansion | |
| CN115014778B (en) | Large-scale high-enthalpy wind tunnel inflow simulated combustion device | |
| CN115289675B (en) | Annular combustion type air heater | |
| CN106838902B (en) | A kind of supersonic speed combustion gas injector | |
| US20220252004A1 (en) | Radial pre-detonator | |
| CN114877378A (en) | Inner ring detonation combustion chamber | |
| CN115075983A (en) | Gas generator and liquid rocket engine | |
| CN114811654A (en) | Pressure-stabilizing flow-equalizing self-cooling continuous rotation detonation ramjet engine with radial oil supply | |
| KR100470278B1 (en) | rocket engine for test | |
| KR20200028324A (en) | Propulsion device of liquid propellant rocket engine | |
| EP4015908B1 (en) | Gas turbine engine combustor with axially oriented internally mounted continuous ignition device with reverse flow axial orientation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |