CN116060748A - Electron beam welding method for titanium alloy wheel disc assembly - Google Patents

Electron beam welding method for titanium alloy wheel disc assembly Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116060748A
CN116060748A CN202211575467.XA CN202211575467A CN116060748A CN 116060748 A CN116060748 A CN 116060748A CN 202211575467 A CN202211575467 A CN 202211575467A CN 116060748 A CN116060748 A CN 116060748A
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China
Prior art keywords
welding
electron beam
wheel disc
titanium alloy
disc assembly
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CN202211575467.XA
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张雷
王继鑫
刘天宇
姜嘉平
于淼
刘影
韩建旭
孙志宝
孟凡明
蔡东海
曾庆岩
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Csic Longjiang Gh Turbine Co ltd
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Csic Longjiang Gh Turbine Co ltd
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0046—Welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K15/00—Electron-beam welding or cutting
    • B23K15/0026—Auxiliary equipment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/14—Titanium or alloys thereof

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Welding Or Cutting Using Electron Beams (AREA)

Abstract

The invention aims to provide an electron beam welding method of a titanium alloy wheel disc assembly, which comprises the following steps of: preparing welding; a pre-weld header; checking the size of the wheel disc; the equipment is assembled according to the work; cleaning the welding head; assembling; assembling and checking; preparing equipment; cleaning a wheel disc; preparing welding parameters; electron beam tack welding; e-beam simulated welding; electron beam formal welding; stress relief annealing; and (5) checking after welding. The deformation of the workpiece can be effectively controlled through the tooling matching. In the welding process, the electron beam swings back and forth and left and right to mechanically stir the molten pool, so that gas in the molten pool is easy to overflow, and the porosity is reduced. And the welding seams at symmetrical positions are adopted for sequential positioning welding, so that the heat input is ensured to be uniform, the welding deformation is ensured to be effectively controlled, and the requirement on the post-welding performance stability of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly is met. By vacuum cooling, the titanium alloy workpiece with high temperature is prevented from being oxidized in the air.

Description

Electron beam welding method for titanium alloy wheel disc assembly
Technical Field
The invention relates to a welding method, in particular to a wheel disc assembly welding method.
Background
The vacuum electron beam welding is a novel process for bombarding a weldment in vacuum by high-speed and dense electron beam, rapidly converting kinetic energy of electrons into heat energy and melting metal of the weldment, thereby completing welding.
TC11 titanium alloy is a moderate-strength alpha-beta two-phase titanium alloy, contains 6% of alpha stable element Al and 4% of beta stable element V, is widely applied in the field of aerospace, and with wide application of titanium alloy materials, the welding problem is increasingly prominent, the main welding difficulty of the titanium alloy is oxidation, and the welding joint can quickly absorb N when the titanium alloy is at high temperature 2 And O 2 Embrittling the joint, forming air holes and slag inclusion in the welding process, thereby reducing the mechanical properties of the welded joint and reducing the consumption of gas impuritiesThe structure and mechanical properties are strongly influenced, the welding of the material is very unfavorable, and the forming of the inner surface and the outer surface of the welding seam and the strength of the welding seam are directly influenced by the electron beam welding process and the selection of various parameters of the electron beam welding process for different kinds of workpieces.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide an electron beam welding method for a titanium alloy wheel disc assembly, which has high welding quality and less impurity gas.
The purpose of the invention is realized in the following way:
the invention discloses an electron beam welding method of a titanium alloy wheel disc assembly, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing welding;
(2) A pre-weld header;
(3) Checking the size of the wheel disc;
(4) The equipment is assembled according to the work;
(5) Cleaning the welding head;
(6) Assembling;
(7) Assembling and checking;
(8) Preparing equipment;
(9) Cleaning a wheel disc;
(10) Preparing welding parameters;
(11) Electron beam tack welding;
(12) E-beam simulated welding;
(13) Electron beam formal welding;
(14) Stress relief annealing;
(15) And (5) checking after welding.
The invention may further include:
1. in the step (4), the TC11 which is the same as the body is selected as the material, the spring structure is adopted above, downward pressure is guaranteed all the time through screwing the spring, the spring is pressed until the spring cannot be seen during assembly, a gas discharging groove is circumferentially arranged at each 120-degree position, which is in contact with the inner hole of the wheel disc, on the tool shaft, a round hole is formed in the upper end cover, and meanwhile, the angular positioning device guarantees the angular position.
2. And (3) during the pre-welding cleaning in the step (5), the cleaning tool uses tough industrial wiping cloth or white silk cloth.
3. In the assembly of the step (6), the wheel discs are assembled in an interference fit mode, the rotary drum simultaneously requires angular positioning, the angular positioning precision is not more than 1mm, the axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs at all levels is not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians, and the clearance between the tool mandrel and the inner holes of the wheel discs at all levels is 0.08-0.12mm.
4. Step (10) of preparing welding parameters, comprising: a. measuring the distance and alignment of the electron gun, and measuring the change range from the electron gun to the welding line position of the workpiece by rotating the C shaft, wherein the change range is 300+/-0.5 mm; b. closing a vacuum chamber door to vacuumize, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber is less than 0.0007mbar; c. and (3) carrying out electron gun axis combination operation, namely small electron beam flows are arranged on the axis combination block, and the size of focusing current is adjusted to sequentially form a large beam spot and a small beam spot, so that the small beam spot is positioned at the center of the large beam spot.
5. In the step (11), during electron beam tack welding, each welding seam adopts a 180-degree symmetrical tack welding method, the spacing between tack welding positions is 150-180mm, the tack welding length is 8-15 mm, each interlayer welding position is staggered by 45 degrees, and the spot welding sequence of the integral drum is sequentially spot welded on the welding seam from the lower part to the upper part; technical parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 15-20mA, welding speed of 500-600mm/min, and focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
6. In the step (12), the content comprises the steps of calling a program, simulating welding, observing whether a machine tool walks normally or not, rotating a C shaft by using a hand wheel, collecting 8 points every 45 degrees, recording coordinates of the points, modifying the program according to the changed points, and storing.
7. In the electron beam main welding of the step (13), the technical parameters are as follows: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 105-120mA, welding speed of 500-800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
The invention has the advantages that: the deformation of the workpiece can be effectively controlled through the tooling matching. In the welding process, the electron beam swings back and forth and left and right to mechanically stir the molten pool, so that gas in the molten pool is easy to overflow, and the porosity is reduced. And the welding seams at symmetrical positions are adopted for sequential positioning welding, so that the heat input is ensured to be uniform, the welding deformation is ensured to be effectively controlled, and the requirement on the post-welding performance stability of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly is met. By vacuum cooling, the titanium alloy workpiece with high temperature is prevented from being oxidized in the air.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a tooling clamp according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a tack weld sequence in accordance with the present invention.
Detailed Description
The invention is described in more detail below, by way of example, with reference to the accompanying drawings:
1-3, the electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly comprises the following steps:
step 1: preparing welding;
step 2: a pre-weld header;
step 3: checking the size of the wheel disc;
step 4: the equipment is assembled according to the work;
step 5: cleaning the welding head;
step 6: assembling;
step 7: assembling and checking;
step 8: preparing equipment;
step 9: cleaning a wheel disc;
step 10: preparing welding parameters;
step 11: electron beam tack welding;
step 12: e-beam simulated welding;
step 13: electron beam formal welding;
step 14: stress relief annealing;
step 15: and (5) checking after welding.
Step 4, according to the dimensional requirement, the tooling structure is shown in fig. 2, the TC11 which is the same as the body is selected as the material, a spring structure is adopted above the TC11 to ensure that the TC11 is not loosened after welding, and downward pressure is always ensured by screwing the spring. During assembly, the spring is pressed until the spring cannot be seen, the position on the tool shaft, which is in contact with the inner hole of the wheel disc, is circumferentially provided with a bleed groove every 120 degrees, and a round hole is formed in the upper end cover, so that the vacuum requirement during vacuumizing is ensured. At the same time, the angular positioning device ensures the angular position.
Step 5, cleaning before welding, wherein in order to ensure cleaning, the cleaning tool uses tough industrial wiping cloth or white silk cloth and cannot use cotton cloth or common paper towel.
And 6, assembling, namely, assembling the wheel discs in an interference fit manner, wherein the rotary drum simultaneously requires angular positioning, and the angular positioning precision is not more than 1mm. The axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs at each stage is required to be not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians. The clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of the wheel discs of all levels is 0.08-0.12mm.
Step 10, preparing welding parameters, which comprises (1) measuring and aligning the distance of an electron gun, and measuring the variation range from the electron gun to the welding line position of a workpiece by rotating a C axis, wherein the variation range is 300+/-0.5 mm; (2) Closing a vacuum chamber door to vacuumize the vacuum chamber door, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber is required to be less than 0.0007mbar; (3) And (3) carrying out electron gun axis combination operation, namely small electron beam flows are arranged on the axis combination block, and the size of focusing current is adjusted to sequentially form a large beam spot and a small beam spot, so that the small beam spot is positioned at the center of the large beam spot as much as possible.
Step 11, electron beam tack welding, wherein each welding seam adopts a 180-degree symmetrical tack welding method (shown in figure 3), the spacing between the tack welding positions is 150-180mm, and the tack welding length is 8-15 mm. Each interlayer welding position is staggered by 45 degrees. The spot welding sequence of the integral drum is that the welding seams are spot welded from the bottom to the top. Technical parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 15-20mA, welding speed of 500-600mm/min, and focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Step 12, electron beam simulated welding, which comprises the following steps: taking a program, simulating welding, and observing whether the machine tool walks normally or not; the C-axis is rotated by using a hand wheel, one point is adopted every 45 degrees, 8 points are adopted, the coordinates of the points are recorded, and the program is modified according to the changed points and stored.
And 13, electron beam formal welding. Technical parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 105-120mA, welding speed of 500-800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Step 15, checking after welding, and performing appearance inspection according to the welding line of class I10 of the standard I of the grade II 255.105.111.89, wherein surface defects such as cracks, weld flash, undercut, unwelded weld pits, arc pits, uneven weld line shape and the like are not allowed in the transition area of the welding line to the base metal; the suspicious site can be visually inspected with a 4-7 magnification lens.
In order to ensure the assembly size of the electron beam welding joint and eliminate the influence of the electron beam welding nail tip effect, welding lock bottoms are arranged at the bottoms of the welding joints which are basically more than 3mm. The common tip defect is below 1/3 thickness of the welding line, namely, the tip defect in a product can be avoided by needing the lock bottom thickness of 3-10 mm.
Designing a process boss: the electron beam welding seam allowance requires that the end face runout is less than or equal to 0.02mm, the surface roughness reaches Ra1.6, the inner hole chamfer angle C0.2+0.1 is matched with the end face runout, the round angle R0.2+/-0.05 is matched with the inner hole chamfer angle C0.2+0.1, defects possibly occur in the electron beam welding process, the end face runout is required to be turned off in the subsequent processing, and therefore a process boss with the height of 0.5mm is required to be reserved.
The process according to the invention is further illustrated by the following examples:
after cleaning a workpiece, firstly, pressing wheel disc components, putting the wheel disc components into a vacuum chamber, vacuumizing, and then performing tack welding, wherein the parameters are as follows: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 15-20mA, welding speed of 500-800mm/min, and focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos. Performing formal welding in the next step, wherein the formal welding parameters are as follows: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: for a pair ofLocking bottom, vacuum degree: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 105-120mA, welding speed of 500-800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos. Finally, vacuum cooling is carried out, and the workpiece is taken out.
Example 1
Wheel disc material: TC11 weld thickness 15/22
The cleaning agent is cleaned by using tough industrial wiping cloth or white silk cloth and acetone.
The axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs during assembly is required to be not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians. The clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.08-0.12mm, and the axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs is 0.03 in this example, and the clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.12mm.
The assembled workpiece enters a welding chamber to be vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is 7 x 10 -4 mbar。
Positioning welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 15mA, welding speed 600mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 500hz, x amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos
Formal welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 105mA, welding speed 600mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 500hz, x amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Finally, vacuum cooling is carried out, and the vacuum degree is lower than 1 x 10 -1 Pa, taking out the workpiece.
Example 2
The difference from example 1 is that: wheel disc material: TC11 weld thickness 15/22.
The axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs during assembly is required to be not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians. The clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.08-0.12mm, and the axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs is 0.02 in this example, and the clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.10mm.
The assembled workpiece enters a welding chamber to be vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is 7 x 10 -4 mbar。
Positioning welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 20mA, welding speed 800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 500hz, x amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Formal welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 120mA, welding speed 800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 500hz, x amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Finally, vacuum cooling is carried out, and the vacuum degree is lower than 1 x 10 -1 Pa, taking out the workpiece.
Example 3
The difference from example 1 is that: wheel disc material: TC11 weld thickness 15/22.
The axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs during assembly is required to be not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians. The clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.08-0.12mm, and the axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs is 0.02 in this example, and the clearance between the tooling mandrel and the inner holes of all levels of wheel discs is 0.12mm.
The assembled workpiece enters a welding chamber to be vacuumized, and the vacuum degree is 7 x 10 -4 mbar。
Positioning welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 15mA, welding speed 500mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 600HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Formal welding parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 20 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current 105mA and welding speed 500mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 600HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
Finally, vacuum cooling is carried out, the vacuum degree is lower than 1 x 10 < -1 > Pa, and the workpiece is taken out.
The mechanical properties of the titanium alloy vacuum electron beam weld of examples 1-3 are shown in Table 1.
The mechanical properties of the titanium alloy vacuum electron beam welding seam of the embodiment 1-3 are shown.
Figure BDA0003989278090000061
Figure BDA0003989278090000071
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Claims (8)

1. An electron beam welding method for a titanium alloy wheel disc assembly is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Preparing welding;
(2) A pre-weld header;
(3) Checking the size of the wheel disc;
(4) The equipment is assembled according to the work;
(5) Cleaning the welding head;
(6) Assembling;
(7) Assembling and checking;
(8) Preparing equipment;
(9) Cleaning a wheel disc;
(10) Preparing welding parameters;
(11) Electron beam tack welding;
(12) E-beam simulated welding;
(13) Electron beam formal welding;
(14) Stress relief annealing;
(15) And (5) checking after welding.
2. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (4), the TC11 which is the same as the body is selected as the material, the spring structure is adopted above, downward pressure is guaranteed all the time through screwing the spring, the spring is pressed until the spring cannot be seen during assembly, a gas discharging groove is circumferentially arranged at each 120-degree position, which is in contact with the inner hole of the wheel disc, on the tool shaft, a round hole is formed in the upper end cover, and meanwhile, the angular positioning device guarantees the angular position.
3. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: and (3) during the pre-welding cleaning in the step (5), the cleaning tool uses tough industrial wiping cloth or white silk cloth.
4. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the assembly of the step (6), the wheel discs are assembled in an interference fit mode, the rotary drum simultaneously requires angular positioning, the angular positioning precision is not more than 1mm, the axial assembly clearance between the wheel discs at all levels is not more than 0.02-0.03mm within the range of 45 radians, and the clearance between the tool mandrel and the inner holes of the wheel discs at all levels is 0.08-0.12mm.
5. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: step (10) of preparing welding parameters, comprising: a. measuring the distance and alignment of the electron gun, and measuring the change range from the electron gun to the welding line position of the workpiece by rotating the C shaft, wherein the change range is 300+/-0.5 mm; b. closing a vacuum chamber door to vacuumize, wherein the vacuum degree in the vacuum chamber is less than 0.0007mbar; c. and (3) carrying out electron gun axis combination operation, namely small electron beam flows are arranged on the axis combination block, and the size of focusing current is adjusted to sequentially form a large beam spot and a small beam spot, so that the small beam spot is positioned at the center of the large beam spot.
6. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (11), during electron beam tack welding, each welding seam adopts a 180-degree symmetrical tack welding method, the spacing between tack welding positions is 150-180mm, the tack welding length is 8-15 mm, each interlayer welding position is staggered by 45 degrees, and the spot welding sequence of the integral drum is sequentially spot welded on the welding seam from the lower part to the upper part; technical parameters: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature of 10-35 DEG CAcceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 15-20mA, welding speed of 500-600mm/min, and focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
7. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the step (12), the content comprises the steps of calling a program, simulating welding, observing whether a machine tool walks normally or not, rotating a C shaft by using a hand wheel, collecting 8 points every 45 degrees, recording coordinates of the points, modifying the program according to the changed points, and storing.
8. The electron beam welding method of the titanium alloy wheel disc assembly according to claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: in the electron beam main welding of the step (13), the technical parameters are as follows: working distance: 300+ -0.5 mm, weld classification: butt joint lock bottom, vacuum: 7*10 -4 mbar, ambient temperature 10-35 ℃, acceleration voltage: 60KV, welding current of 105-120mA, welding speed of 500-800mm/min, focusing current: 2.0A, scanning frequency: 300-500HZ, X amplitude: 1.8, Y amplitude: 2.0, waveform: cos-cos.
CN202211575467.XA 2022-12-08 2022-12-08 Electron beam welding method for titanium alloy wheel disc assembly Pending CN116060748A (en)

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