CN116056898A - 半成品 - Google Patents

半成品 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN116056898A
CN116056898A CN202180058591.6A CN202180058591A CN116056898A CN 116056898 A CN116056898 A CN 116056898A CN 202180058591 A CN202180058591 A CN 202180058591A CN 116056898 A CN116056898 A CN 116056898A
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semi
fibres
finished product
scrim
graphite
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法比安·舒伯特
塔尼娅·达姆雅诺维奇
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SGL Carbon SE
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SGL Carbon SE
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种半成品，涉及包括该半成品的铺设稀松布，涉及包括该铺设稀松布的部件，且涉及它们的生产和用于生产防火板的用途。

Description

半成品
技术领域
本发明涉及一种半成品，涉及包括该半成品的铺设稀松布，涉及包括该铺设稀松布的部件，且涉及它们的生产和用于生产防火板的用途。
背景技术
在本发明的上下文中，防火板被理解为包层元件，该包层元件被形成为片材或弯曲的片材，且能够具有承载功能。
到目前为止，膨胀材料已被用于防火应用中。为了这个目的，常常使用石墨盐即剥离的石墨，其被嵌入复合树脂中或被并入矿物纤维针织织物中。这例如在WO2018/094002A1中描述。
在使用石墨盐的上述防火系统中，这些石墨盐不整合在载体材料中。因此，纯防火材料的使用不适合于暴露于特定机械负载的应用。因此，必须始终使用额外的载体材料用于承重部件设计。
这提出进一步的挑战诸如在载体材料与防火材料之间的结合的稳定性以及作为这种组合的结果而导致的较厚的防火系统，该防火系统在设计方面是不太灵活的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供克服上述现有技术的缺点的半成品、铺设稀松布、部件以及它们的生产和用于生产防火板的用途。
通过提供一种包括纤维、基质和石墨盐的半成品来实现该目的。
石墨盐是在膨胀石墨的生产中获得的前体。为了这个目的，石墨(诸如天然石墨)通常与插入物(诸如硝酸或硫酸)混合。为了从石墨盐获得膨胀石墨，在例如600℃至1200℃的高温对所述盐进行热处理(DE10003927A1)。
根据本发明，半成品具有包括纤维和基质的层。在本发明的上下文中，“层”被理解为最小单元的纤维和基质。
有利地，石墨盐被施加到所述层的至少一个侧面。
半成品的优点是石墨盐已经被整合，因而能够避免将由基于纤维复合材料的半成品制成的部件结合到分离的防火层，因为该部件能够承受负载且同时具有防火性能。
根据本发明，石墨盐的量是5g/m2至50g/m2；优选15g/m2至35g/m2。在少于5g/m2的情况下，半成品在被用作防火板时的防护效果太低，而在多于50g/m2的情况下，石墨盐的量太高，从而不再可能或者仅不充分可能对半成品的各个层进行层压。此外，在多于50g/m2的情况下，由于过多的石墨盐，半成品的各个层之间的结合变差，因此由半成品得到的部件的机械性能显著变差。通过将石墨盐整合到半成品中，能够直接进行进一步加工，并且不再需要用于添加石墨盐的耗时的中间步骤。在有火的情况下，如从膨胀石墨的生产已知，石墨盐膨胀，从而提供对火源的隔绝屏障。此外，膨胀能够密封接头、角部和泄漏处，并且因此，一方面减少对火的氧气供应，并且另一方面防止烟通过防火板。在无火情况下良好的机械性能与在有火情况下现有的防火效果的比率在15g/m2至35g/m2的范围内是特别有利的。
有利地，所述纤维选自由碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维、天然纤维和玄武岩纤维或其混合物构成的组，优选碳纤维。
碳纤维具有实现非常好的机械性能的效果，并且在有火的情况下仅具有低的热膨胀，并且因此对于大面积应用是特别有利的。
根据本发明，所述纤维呈连续纤维、粗纱、织造织物或非织造织物的形式。非织造织物被理解为包括长纤维或连续纤维的结构。
有利地，所述基质选自由硬质体优选酚醛树脂、苯并恶嗪树脂、环氧树脂构成的组，特别优选环氧树脂或酚醛树脂。
本发明的进一步的主题是一种铺设稀松布，该铺设稀松布包括至少两个半成品的堆叠层。这些层可以按各个层的纤维的任何取向堆叠，即可以选择0°至90°的任何取向。
根据本发明，在铺设稀松布中，所述至少两个半成品的堆叠层的半成品的具有石墨盐的侧面朝向彼此放置，或者放置在所述半成品的层的相反侧面上。
本发明的进一步的主题是一种包括所述铺设稀松布的部件，其中所述铺设稀松布被固化。“固化”意味着基质通过化学交联变为固态，但是石墨盐保持呈石墨盐的形式。
本发明的进一步的主题是一种生产半成品的方法，该方法包括以下步骤：
a)提供由纤维和基质制成的层；
b)提供石墨盐；
c)对在步骤a)中制备的所述层施加5g/m2至50g/m2优选15g/m2至35g/m2的石墨盐；
d)借助于砑光机施加0.5巴至10巴优选2巴至6巴的压力，并且用20℃至120℃优选20℃至100℃特别优选20℃至80℃的温度进行处理。
本发明的进一步的主题是所述半成品的用于防火板的生产的用途。
本发明的进一步的主题是所述铺设稀松布的用于防火板的生产的用途。
本发明的进一步的主题是所述部件的用于防火板的生产的用途。
附图说明
在下文中，纯粹通过示例的方式，通过有利的实施例并参考附图来描述本发明。
图1：是半成品(5)的透视图；
图2：是铺设稀松布(6)的透视图；
图3：是铺设稀松布(6)的透视图；
图4：是铺设稀松布(6)的透视图；
图1是半成品(5)的透视图，其中石墨盐(4)被施加到由纤维(2)和基质(3)制成的层(1)。
图2是由纤维(2)和基质(3)制成的六个层(1)构成的铺设稀松布(6)的透视图，其中石墨盐(4)被施加到每一个层(1)。
图3是由纤维(2)和基质(3)制成的六个层(1)构成的铺设稀松布(6)的透视图，其中石墨盐(4)仅被施加到最上层(1)。
图4是由纤维(2)和基质(3)制成的两个层(1)构成的铺设稀松布(6)的透视图，其中所述两个层的石墨盐(4)彼此叠置地放置。
具体实施方式
下面使用实施例来解释本发明，然而，这些实施例不代表对本发明的任何限制。
半成品的生产可以如下面描述的那样进行。
实施例1：
为了生产半成品(5)，将环氧树脂膜耙成具有100g/m2的每单位面积重量的基质(3)，撒上30g/m2的石墨盐(4)，然后与单向碳纤维(2)层压，其中“单向”意味着所有纤维都在单一方向上取向。所施加的碳纤维以如下方式布置，该方式使得它们具有150g/m2的每单位面积重量。借助于轧辊/砑光机和加热区，对所述材料施加2巴的机械压力和70℃的温度效应，这导致碳纤维(2)、环氧树脂(3)和石墨盐(4)的结合。该预浸渍的半成品被提供剥离纸并被缠绕到卷上，并用作用于包层元件的随后生产的起始材料。
实施例2：
为了生产铺设稀松布(6)，将八个层的来自实施例1的半成品(5)切割成一定尺寸，并将它们相互叠置地铺设成准各向同性结构(0°、45°、90°、-45°、-45℃、90℃、45℃、0℃)，其中“准各向同性”是指在平面内的所有方向上，对于铺设稀松布(6)即所有层的纤维(2)和基质(3)的总体而言，产生大致相同的机械性能。
实施例3：
然后，在热压工艺中，在120℃和6巴的压力，将来自实施例2的铺设稀松布(6)固化60分钟，从而将它转变为最终部件。在该工艺中，环氧树脂被交联以形成完整的塑料材料结构而石墨盐(4)不会开始膨胀，因而防止它的潜在的隔绝，且因此防止它的防火效果过早地发展。
附图标记列表
(1)层
(2)纤维
(3)基质
(4)石墨盐
(5)半成品
(6)铺设稀松布
(7)部件

Claims (14)

1.半成品，包括纤维、基质和石墨盐。
2.根据权利要求1所述的半成品，其中所述半成品具有包括纤维和基质的层。
3.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的半成品，其中所述石墨盐被施加到所述层的至少一个侧面。
4.根据权利要求1所述的半成品，其中所述石墨盐的量是5g/m2至50g/m2。
5.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的半成品，其中所述纤维选自由碳纤维、玻璃纤维、芳族聚酰胺纤维、金属纤维、陶瓷纤维、天然纤维和玄武岩纤维或其混合物构成的组。
6.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的半成品，其中所述纤维呈连续纤维、粗纱、织造织物或非织造织物的形式。
7.根据权利要求1或权利要求2所述的半成品，其中所述基质选自由硬质体构成的组。
8.铺设稀松布，包括至少两个根据权利要求1所述的半成品的堆叠层。
9.根据权利要求8所述的铺设稀松布，其中所述至少两个根据权利要求1所述的半成品的堆叠层的相应的石墨盐层彼此叠置地放置，或者放置在所述半成品的层的相反侧面上。
10.包括根据权利要求8所述的铺设稀松布的部件，其中所述铺设稀松布被固化。
11.生产根据权利要求1所述的半成品的方法，包括以下步骤：
a)提供由纤维和基质制成的层；
b)提供石墨盐；
c)对在步骤a)中制备的所述层施加5g/m2至50g/m2的石墨盐；
d)借助于砑光机施加0.5巴至10巴优选2巴至6巴的压力，并且在20℃至120℃优选20℃至100℃特别优选20℃至80℃的温度进行处理。
12.根据权利要求1所述的半成品的用于防火板的生产的用途。
13.根据权利要求8所述的铺设稀松布的用于防火板的生产的用途。
14.根据权利要求10所述的部件的用于防火板的生产的用途。
CN202180058591.6A 2020-07-31 2021-08-02 半成品 Pending CN116056898A (zh)

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