CN116054688A - Photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of two-way DC-DC - Google Patents
Photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of two-way DC-DC Download PDFInfo
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- CN116054688A CN116054688A CN202310146149.XA CN202310146149A CN116054688A CN 116054688 A CN116054688 A CN 116054688A CN 202310146149 A CN202310146149 A CN 202310146149A CN 116054688 A CN116054688 A CN 116054688A
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- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000004146 energy storage Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 230000002457 bidirectional effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000007667 floating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002159 abnormal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
- H02S10/00—PV power plants; Combinations of PV energy systems with other systems for the generation of electric power
- H02S10/20—Systems characterised by their energy storage means
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
- H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
- H02J3/32—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using batteries with converting means
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system which comprises a photovoltaic array, a storage battery, a unidirectional DC-DC converter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, an inverter, a power grid and an alternating current load. Compared with the traditional scheme, the invention has the advantages that the storage battery is interacted with the double-closed-loop controlled bidirectional DC-DC circuit through the interaction of the MPPT controlled unidirectional DC-DC circuit, the MPPT controlled unidirectional DC-DC circuit and the double-closed-loop controlled bidirectional DC-DC circuit are interacted with the inverter, and the DC-AC inverter is interacted with the load; the MPPT control ensures the maximum power output of the photovoltaic battery, controls the charge and discharge of the storage battery under the condition of preferentially ensuring the power consumption of the load side, ensures the normal operation of the household appliance, is energy-saving and environment-friendly, and can realize stable operation by taking the storage battery as a main power supply and the super capacitor as an auxiliary power supply.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the field of photovoltaic power generation, in particular to a bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system.
Background
Photovoltaic power generation is a clean technology for directly converting light energy into electric energy through photovoltaic effect, and has the characteristics of cleanness, sustainability, safety and the like. However, the disadvantage of photovoltaic power generation is that the output power is unpredictable and the fluctuation of the output power is large, which causes a series of problems for the stability of the power grid.
The method for solving the problems is that an energy storage device is added in a photovoltaic power generation system, and when the output power of a photovoltaic array is larger and the power consumption requirement of a power grid is smaller, redundant electric energy can be stored in the energy storage device; when the output power of the photovoltaic array is smaller and the electricity consumption requirement of the power grid is larger, the electric energy stored in the energy storage device can be transmitted to the power grid, so that the stability of the power grid is improved. In the photovoltaic power generation system added with the energy storage device, the photovoltaic array is connected to a power grid through a photovoltaic inverter, the energy storage device is connected to the power grid through a direct current-direct current (DC-DC) converter, and the energy storage device is connected with the photovoltaic array through the DC-DC converter to store redundant electric energy output by the photovoltaic array.
Therefore, how to design a system that can maintain the supply and demand relationship of electric energy while ensuring the stability of the power grid to cope with the peak electricity consumption and the valley electricity consumption is a technical problem that needs to be solved by those skilled in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention overcomes the defects of the prior art and makes the following improvements and optimizations aiming at the defects of the prior art.
The aim of the invention is achieved by the following technical scheme:
the photovoltaic power generation energy storage system comprises a photovoltaic array, a storage battery, a unidirectional DC-DC converter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, an inverter, a power grid and an alternating current load;
the photovoltaic array is connected with the unidirectional DC-DC converter; the unidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the inverter; the power grid is connected with the storage battery in a bidirectional way; the storage battery is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter; the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with an inverter, and the inverter is connected with an alternating current load.
Preferably, the unidirectional DC-DC converter comprises a switch.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter comprises a transformer, a bridge arm, a supporting capacitor and an inductor; two ends of the transformer are respectively connected with 2 bridge arms, two ends of the 2 bridge arms are commonly connected with a supporting capacitor, and one end of the inductor is electrically connected with the 2 bridge arms.
Preferably, the inverter is used for converting the received direct current into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to an alternating current load.
Preferably, the storage battery is used for converting the electric energy transmitted by the bidirectional DC-DC converter into chemical energy for storage or transmitting the stored electric energy to the power grid when the electric energy of the power grid is lower than a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter further comprises a sampling circuit and a driving circuit, the sampling circuit comprises a current sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit adopts resistor voltage division sampling and comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a capacitor C, the first resistor R1 is connected with the second resistor R2 in series, and the capacitor C is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel; the voltage sampling circuit includes an AC5712 chip.
More preferably, the driving circuit comprises 4 IR2110 chips, and the driving circuit is used for sending PWM signals with different duty ratios to control the switch of the bridge arm and control the bidirectional flow of the electric signals.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter generates PWM signals with different duty ratios through the MPPT controller to complete bidirectional flow of the electric signals.
The invention provides a bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system, which realizes two different power utilization modes through a unidirectional DC-DC converter and a bidirectional DC-DC converter, ensures the power utilization efficiency, ensures reliable power supply, protects the environment and saves energy through a storage battery, and simultaneously constructs a clean and intelligent storage type emergency power supply system, and can meet the power supply requirements under various working conditions; in addition, the system can supply power to the power grid through the storage battery in the power utilization peak period, and feed back the power grid to relieve the power utilization voltage.
Drawings
The invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which embodiments do not constitute any limitation of the invention, and other drawings can be obtained by one of ordinary skill in the art without inventive effort from the following drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a frame of a bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the internal connections of the bi-directional DC-DC converter of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a voltage sampling circuit according to the present invention;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a current sampling circuit according to the present invention;
fig. 5 is a circuit schematic of the driving circuit of the present invention.
Detailed Description
A bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system is described in further detail below in conjunction with specific embodiments, which are for comparison and explanation purposes only, and the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the directions or positional relationships indicated by the terms "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "top", "bottom", etc. are based on the directions or positional relationships shown in the drawings, are merely for convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the devices or elements referred to must have a specific orientation, be constructed and operated in a specific orientation, and thus should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
In one embodiment, a bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system is provided, as shown in FIG. 1, and comprises a photovoltaic array, a storage battery, a unidirectional DC-DC converter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, an inverter, a power grid and an alternating current load;
the photovoltaic array is connected with the unidirectional DC-DC converter; the unidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the inverter; the power grid is connected with the storage battery in a bidirectional way; the storage battery is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter; the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with an inverter, and the inverter is connected with an alternating current load.
Preferably, the unidirectional DC-DC converter comprises a switch.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter comprises a transformer, a bridge arm, a supporting capacitor and an inductor; two ends of the transformer are respectively connected with 2 bridge arms, two ends of the 2 bridge arms are commonly connected with a supporting capacitor, and one end of the inductor is electrically connected with the 2 bridge arms.
Each bridge arm comprises an MOS tube, PWM signals with different duty ratios are generated through the MPPT controller to control the switching time of the bridge arm, and bidirectional flow of electric signals is formed. As shown in fig. 2, in the photovoltaic power generation system provided in this embodiment, daily power supply is provided in one direction through the unidirectional DC-DC converter, or power stability of daily power supply is ensured through the storage battery, when a power consumption peak comes, power generation capacity of the photovoltaic array needs to be increased, at least one or a photovoltaic module can be connected to the bidirectional DC/DC converter, and output power of the photovoltaic array is improved; when the electricity consumption low valley comes, a storage battery can be connected into the bidirectional DC/DC converter to store redundant electric energy, so that the photovoltaic array and the energy storage device can be flexibly configured to cope with the electricity consumption high peak and the electricity consumption low valley;
in one possible scheme, when the electricity consumption is normal, daily power supply is provided through the unidirectional DC-DC converter or the bidirectional DC-DC converter, when the electricity consumption is low, part of the electric energy is transmitted to the storage battery through the bidirectional DC-DC converter to store energy (such as in the middle of night), the storage battery can temporarily store energy to supply power to the load of the user when the electricity consumption is high, or when the electricity consumption does not need to be excessive and the storage battery has large capacity, the electric energy is transmitted to the power grid through the storage battery, and the social power supply pressure is relieved.
Preferably, the inverter is used for converting the received direct current into alternating current and transmitting the alternating current to an alternating current load.
Preferably, the storage battery is used for converting the electric energy transmitted by the bidirectional DC-DC converter into chemical energy for storage or transmitting the stored electric energy to the power grid when the electric energy of the power grid is lower than a preset threshold value.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter further comprises a sampling circuit and a driving circuit, the sampling circuit comprises a current sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit adopts resistor voltage division sampling and comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a capacitor C, the first resistor R1 is connected with the second resistor R2 in series, and the capacitor C is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel; the voltage sampling circuit includes an AC5712 chip.
The voltage sampling circuit shown in fig. 3 and the current sampling circuit shown in fig. 4, the sampling of the system uses hall elements. Because the Hall element has small shape, light weight, strong electromagnetic interference resistance, accurate sampling and relatively simple off-chip circuit arrangement, and is widely applied to current sampling of power electronic circuits. The main principle is that the hall element generates a linear voltage signal based on a magnetic field when a current flows from 1 and 2 to 3 and 4. The voltage signal is output through internal amplifying, filtering, chopping and correcting circuits. The signal is output from the seventh pin of the chip and directly reflects the current of the copper foil and samples the current sample. The design uses ACS712telc-30A with good linearity between input and output. The relationship between output and input is vout=0.5vcc+ip×0.066. In current sampling, it is first necessary to convert a current signal into a voltage signal. The conversion method mainly has current transmission.
More preferably, the driving circuit comprises 4 IR2110 chips, and the driving circuit is used for sending PWM signals with different duty ratios to control the switch of the bridge arm and control the bidirectional flow of the electric signals.
Referring to fig. 5, a circuit schematic diagram of a driving circuit according to the present invention is shown, wherein the driving circuit includes at least 1 IR2110 chip, pin 9 of the IR2110 chip is connected to +5v power, pins 9 and 13 are connected to a capacitor Ca and then grounded, pins 10, 11 and 12 are connected to a high level input, SD and a low level input respectively, pin 7 is connected to a resistor Ra and then connected to VG1, the resistor Ra is connected in parallel with a Da diode, pin 6 is connected to +15v power, pin 5 is connected to VS, two capacitors Cb and Cc are respectively connected between pins 6 and 5, a resistor and a pair of diodes Db and Dc connected in reverse series are connected between pins VG1 and VS, pin 3 is connected to +15v power, pin 3 and pin 13 are connected in short circuit, a capacitor Ce is connected in series with capacitor Cd, pin 1 and resistor Rc are connected in series and then connected to VG2, resistor Rc and diode d are connected in parallel, and a resistor Rc and a pair of resistors Rd and a pair of diodes Df are connected in reverse series.
The internal structure of IR2110 consists of three parts: logic input, level conversion and output protection. The logic supply voltage of IR2110 is 5-20V with two independent high and low side output channels. The floating power supply is supplied by a bootstrap circuit, and can bear 500V working voltage. One IR2110 chip can drive the upper and lower switches of the same leg from the high and low side output channels. The operating voltage of the drive chip IR2110 is 5V and the drive voltage of the MOSFET is +15VCC. The PWM driving signal of the upper arm MOSFET is input to the high-channel input HIN of the driving chip IR2110, and the PWM driving signal of the lower arm MOS tube is input to the low-channel input LIN of the driving chip IR2110. Since the on condition of the MOS transistor is that the gate driving voltage Vgs is greater than the threshold voltage, the upper source is not grounded and is floating. When the upper tube is turned on, VGS is kept above the threshold voltage and bootstrap capacitors Cb and Cc may achieve this. Dd is the bootstrap diode. The power +15vcc charges the bootstrap capacitors Cb and Cc such that the voltage across the capacitors Cb and Cc approaches the power +15vcc, and the charge on the capacitors Cb and Cc provides the power IR2110 for the high-side drive output. The bootstrap capacitors Cb, cc are turned on or off by the lower tube. The step-down circuit uses the high-side driver of IR2110. When HIN is high, HO output is high relative to the voltage difference +15vcc.
Bootstrap capacitors Cb and Cc charge either through conduction through the lower tube or through load ground. The conduction of the lower tube is when the inductor freewheels, and the current of the MOSFET is from bottom to top. Therefore, the bootstrap capacitors Cb and Cc cannot be provided with a charging circuit, and the bootstrap capacitors can only be charged by the load. However, in actual debugging, when the load is a resistor, the bootstrap capacitor can realize bootstrap, and the circuit can work normally. When the load is a battery, the bootstrap capacitor is found to be not bootstrapped, i.e. charging is unsuccessful. The reason is that the battery itself is a power source. When the battery voltage is greater than the charging voltage of the bootstrap capacitor +15VCC, the bootstrap capacitor is not provided with a charging circuit, the upper tube cannot be connected, and the circuit cannot work normally. The isolated power supply is therefore connected to +15v. The positive and negative electrodes are connected to both ends of the bootstrap capacitor, respectively, to solve the attraction problem. When switch Q2 is turned on inside IR2110, the potential of VS is pulled down and Vcc is charged by bootstrap diode D, bootstrap capacitor C and switch Q2 to form a closed loop to charge C, so that bootstrap capacitor C forms a floating power supply to ensure that when Q2 is turned off and Q1 is turned on, the energy stored by bootstrap capacitor C drives the gate of Q1 tube to achieve bootstrap driving. The circuit uses four IR2110 chips to drive 8 MOS tubes of the PWM full-bridge circuit. It can be seen that the circuit can drive a bi-directional isolated converter using only 4 IR2110 chips. When the LO pin and the HO pin output a pair of complementary signals to drive the upper MOS tube and the lower MOS tube, if abnormal conditions occur, the upper MOS tube and the lower MOS tube are simultaneously connected, and a straight-through phenomenon occurs. For example, when the MOS tube current is instantaneously increased, the MOS tube current is compared with a set value. Assuming it is greater than the set point, a high level is output directly to the SD pin of the IR2110 chip. The high level SD signal changes the output signals of the LO pin and the HO pin into low level immediately, and the upper power switch and the lower power switch are closed immediately.
Preferably, the bidirectional DC-DC converter generates PWM signals with different duty ratios through the MPPT controller to complete bidirectional flow of the electric signals.
Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that modifications or equivalent substitutions can be made to the technical solution of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. The bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system is characterized by comprising a photovoltaic array, a storage battery, a unidirectional DC-DC converter, a bidirectional DC-DC converter, an inverter, a power grid and an alternating current load;
the photovoltaic array is connected with the unidirectional DC-DC converter; the unidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with the inverter; the power grid is connected with the storage battery in a bidirectional way; the storage battery is connected with the bidirectional DC-DC converter; the bidirectional DC-DC converter is connected with an inverter, and the inverter is connected with an alternating current load.
2. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of claim 1, wherein said unidirectional DC-DC converter comprises a switch.
3. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional DC-DC converter comprises a transformer, a bridge arm, a support capacitor, and an inductor; two ends of the transformer are respectively connected with 2 bridge arms, two ends of the 2 bridge arms are commonly connected with a supporting capacitor, and one end of the inductor is electrically connected with the 2 bridge arms.
4. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of claim 1, wherein said inverter is configured to invert the received DC power to ac power and transmit it to an ac load.
5. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation and storage system of claim 1 wherein the battery is configured to convert the electrical energy transmitted by the bi-directional DC-DC converter to chemical energy for storage or to transmit the stored electrical energy to the grid when the electrical energy of the grid is below a predetermined threshold.
6. The bidirectional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system according to claim 1, wherein the bidirectional DC-DC converter further comprises a sampling circuit and a driving circuit, the sampling circuit comprises a current sampling circuit and a voltage sampling circuit, the current sampling circuit adopts resistor voltage division sampling and comprises a first resistor R1, a second resistor R2 and a capacitor C, the first resistor R1 is connected with the second resistor R2 in series, and the capacitor C is connected with the second resistor R2 in parallel; the voltage sampling circuit includes an AC5712 chip.
7. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of claim 6, wherein the drive circuit comprises 4 IR2110 chips, and the drive circuit is configured to send PWM signals with different duty cycles to control the switching of the bridge arms and control the bi-directional flow of the electrical signals.
8. The bi-directional DC-DC photovoltaic power generation and energy storage system of claim 1, wherein the bi-directional DC-DC converter generates PWM signals of different duty cycles via the MPPT controller to accomplish bi-directional flow of the electrical signal.
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| CN202310146149.XA CN116054688A (en) | 2023-02-21 | 2023-02-21 | Photovoltaic power generation energy storage system of two-way DC-DC |
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| CN1905340A (en) * | 2005-07-29 | 2007-01-31 | 松下电器产业株式会社 | Method and apparatus for controlling the charge of a bootstrap capacitor for non-synchronous type DC-DC converter |
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