CN116047779B - Optical module, display screen and electronic equipment - Google Patents
Optical module, display screen and electronic equipment Download PDFInfo
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- CN116047779B CN116047779B CN202210543210.XA CN202210543210A CN116047779B CN 116047779 B CN116047779 B CN 116047779B CN 202210543210 A CN202210543210 A CN 202210543210A CN 116047779 B CN116047779 B CN 116047779B
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Classifications
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/28—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising
- G02B27/283—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 for polarising used for beam splitting or combining
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- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/301—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements flexible foldable or roll-able electronic displays, e.g. thin LCD, OLED
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09F—DISPLAYING; ADVERTISING; SIGNS; LABELS OR NAME-PLATES; SEALS
- G09F9/00—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements
- G09F9/30—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements
- G09F9/33—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes
- G09F9/335—Indicating arrangements for variable information in which the information is built-up on a support by selection or combination of individual elements in which the desired character or characters are formed by combining individual elements being semiconductor devices, e.g. diodes being organic light emitting diodes [OLED]
Abstract
The application discloses an optical module, a display screen and electronic equipment, and belongs to the technical field of optics. The optical module includes: the light beam deflection device comprises a display panel, a quarter wave plate, a light beam deflection unit and a linear polarizer, wherein the quarter wave plate is positioned between the display panel and the light beam deflection unit, and the light beam deflection unit is positioned between the quarter wave plate and the linear polarizer. Light emitted from the display panel is incident to the beam deflection unit through the quarter wave plate. The beam deflection unit splits the incident light into first polarized light and second polarized light, the first polarized light is incident to the linear polarizer, and the second polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate. The quarter wave plate converts the second polarized light into circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light is incident to the display panel and reflected to the quarter wave plate by the display panel. The quarter wave plate converts the circularly polarized light into third polarized light. The optical module can increase the light transmittance, thereby improving the brightness of the screen.
Description
Technical Field
The present application relates to the field of optical technologies, and in particular, to an optical module, a display screen, and an electronic device.
Background
The display screen generally includes a display panel, a quarter wave plate, and a linear polarizer, with the quarter wave plate being located between the display panel and the linear polarizer. The display panel may typically be, but is not limited to, an organic light-emitting diode (OLED). In application, light emitted by the display panel sequentially passes through the quarter wave plate and the linear polaroid to complete emergent, so that the screen can be lightened.
However, when light emitted from the display panel passes through the linear polarizer, part of the light is easily filtered out under the polarization effect of the linear polarizer, so that light efficiency is lost, resulting in a decrease in light transmittance, thereby decreasing brightness of the screen.
Disclosure of Invention
The application provides an optical module, a display screen and electronic equipment, which can solve the problem of reduced brightness of the screen caused by light efficiency loss after light passes through a linear polarizer in the related technology. The technical scheme is as follows:
in a first aspect, an optical module is provided, the optical module comprising:
the optical module comprises a display panel (1), a quarter wave plate (2), a light beam deflection unit (3) and a linear polarizer (4), wherein the quarter wave plate (2) is positioned between the display panel (1) and the light beam deflection unit (3), and the light beam deflection unit (3) is positioned between the quarter wave plate (2) and the linear polarizer (4);
light emitted by the display panel (1) is incident to the beam deflection unit (3) through the quarter wave plate (2);
the light beam deflection unit (3) is used for dividing incident light into first polarized light and second polarized light, the first polarized light is incident to the linear polaroid (4), the second polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate (2), the vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polaroid (4), and the vibration direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the first polarized light;
the quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting the second polarized light into circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light is incident to the display panel (1) and reflected to the quarter wave plate (2) by the display panel (1);
the quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting the circularly polarized light into third polarized light, the third polarized light is transmitted through the light beam deflection unit (3) and is incident to the linear polaroid (4), and the vibration direction of the third polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polaroid (4).
Therefore, after the incident light is decomposed by the beam deflection unit, the decomposed second polarized light is respectively acted with the wave plate and the display panel, so that finally obtained third polarized light is of the same type as the first polarized light, and the third polarized light can be transmitted through the polaroid, so that the third polarized light is prevented from being filtered, the light transmittance is increased, and the brightness of a screen can be improved.
As an example of the present application, the beam deflection unit (3) includes a polarization beam splitting unit (31) and an optical plating film (32), the optical plating film (32) being located between the polarization beam splitting unit (31) and the linear polarizer (4);
the polarization beam splitting unit (31) is configured to split incident light into the first polarized light and the second polarized light, where the first polarized light is incident to the linear polarizer (4) through the optical coating film (32), and the second polarized light is incident to the optical coating film (32) at a first incident angle, and the first incident angle is greater than or equal to the brewster angle of the optical coating film (32);
the optical coating film (32) is used for reflecting the second polarized light, and the second polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate (2) through the polarization beam splitting unit (31).
In this way, the light beam deflection unit comprises the polarization beam splitting unit and the optical coating, the polarization beam splitting unit is used for decomposing the incident light to obtain the first polarized light and the second polarized light, and then the optical coating is used for reflecting the second polarized light, so that the second polarized light is incident to the wave plate through the polarization beam splitting unit, the second polarized light can be conveniently converted, and the light efficiency loss caused by the fact that the second polarized light is incident to the polaroid is avoided.
As an example of the application, the display panel (1) comprises a metal layer (11) and a light emitting layer (12), the metal layer (11) comprising a cathode layer (111) and an anode layer (112), the light emitting layer (12) being located between the cathode layer (111) and the anode layer (112), the cathode layer (111) being located between the quarter wave plate (2) and the light emitting layer (12);
the cathode layer (111) is used for reflecting part of the incident circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2), and the other part of the circularly polarized light is transmitted through the cathode layer (111) and the light-emitting layer (12) to be incident on the anode layer (112);
the anode layer (112) is used for reflecting the incident other part of circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2) through the light emitting layer (12).
Thus, the display panel can reflect all circularly polarized light back to the wave plate through the anode layer and the cathode layer respectively, so that the reflectivity of the circularly polarized light can be increased.
As an example of the present application, the polarization beam splitting unit (31) includes a first microstructure unit (311) and a second microstructure unit (312), the polarization beam splitting unit (31) has a birefringence, an optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311) is parallel to an incident direction of the light, and an optical axis of the second microstructure unit (312) is perpendicular to an optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311);
-the first microstructure element (311) comprises a plurality of microstructures, each located between the second microstructure element (312) and the quarter wave plate (2);
the interface between any one microstructure of the plurality of microstructures and the second microstructure unit (312) is used for dividing the incident light into the first polarized light and the second polarized light, the first polarized light is transmitted through the second microstructure unit (312) and the optical coating film (32) to be incident on the linear polarizer (4), the second polarized light is incident on the optical coating film (32) at the first incident angle and reflected by the optical coating film (32) to the other microstructure adjacent to the one microstructure, and the second polarized light is refracted by the other microstructure and then is incident on the quarter wave plate (2).
Therefore, the whole process of converting the second polarized light from the polarization direction to the emergent light can be completed in one microstructure area, so that the second polarized light can be successfully incident into the wave plate, and interference to light in other adjacent microstructure areas can be avoided.
As an example of the present application, the shape of the cross section of the microstructure is an axisymmetric pattern.
In this way, the second polarized light can be converted from polarization direction to emergent in each microstructure area.
As an example of the present application, the shape of the cross section of the microstructure is an isosceles triangle, and the microstructure satisfies the following condition:
L 1 ＝H 2 *cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 )+(H 1 +H 2 )*cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 ) (1)
sinθ 1 /sinθ 2 ＝ne/no (2)
tanθ 1 ＝H 1 /L 1 (3)
wherein the L is 1 Is half the length of the base of the isosceles triangle, the H 1 Is the height of the isosceles triangle, the theta 1 Is the base angle of the isosceles triangle, the theta 2 Is the angle of refraction of the second polarized light within the second microstructure element (312), the H 2 Is the distance from the vertex of the isosceles triangle to the optical coating (32), no is the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the first polarized light, and the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the second polarized light is no, and the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the first polarized light is no, and ne is the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the second polarized light.
Therefore, by designing the microstructure, the first incident angle of the second polarized light can meet the Brewster condition, so that the optical coating can fully reflect the second polarized light.
As one example of the present application, the optical plating film (32) includes a plurality of first plating film layers (321) and a plurality of second plating film layers (322), the plurality of first plating film layers (321) and the plurality of second plating film layers (322) being alternately stacked;
the refractive index of the first coating layer (321) is greater than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 2.3, and the refractive index of the second coating layer (322) is greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.55.
In this way, the Brewster angle of the optical coating is determined by setting the refractive indexes of the first coating layer and the second coating layer, so that the condition required to be met by total reflection is determined, and further, the related parameters of the microstructure can be determined.
As an example of the present application, the optical coating (32) is a polarized-reflection coating.
In a second aspect, a display screen is provided, the display screen comprising the optical module of any one of the first aspects.
In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, the electronic device comprising a display screen, the display screen comprising the optical module of any one of the first aspects. That is, the electronic device includes the display screen described in the second aspect.
The technical effects obtained by the second and third aspects are similar to the technical effects obtained by the corresponding technical means in the first aspect, and are not described in detail herein.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an optical module according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of an optical module according to another exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of an optical module on a light beam according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of a polarizing beam splitting cell according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 5 is a schematic illustration of a brightness enhancing film surface coating according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of an optical module on light of a second polarization according to an exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram showing the effect of an optical module on light of a second polarization according to another exemplary embodiment;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram illustrating parameter calibration within a microstructure area according to an example embodiment;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of parameter calibration within a microstructure area, according to another example embodiment;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of the microstructure of a polarizing beam splitting cell according to another example embodiment;
fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing an effect of an optical module on a light beam according to another exemplary embodiment.
Reference numerals: a display panel: 1, metal layer: 11, cathode layer: 111, anode layer: 112, light emitting layer: 12, quarter wave plate: 2, beam deflection unit: 3, a polarization beam splitting unit: 31, first microstructure unit: 311, second microstructure unit: 312, optical coating: 32, first coating layer: 321, second coating layer: 322, linear polarizer: 4, first polarized light: l1, second polarized light: l2, third polarized light: and L3.
Detailed Description
For the purpose of making the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present application more apparent, embodiments of the present application will be described in further detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
It should be understood that references to "a plurality" in this disclosure refer to two or more. In the description of the present application, "/" means or, unless otherwise indicated, for example, A/B may represent A or B; "and/or" herein is merely an association relationship describing an association object, and means that three relationships may exist, for example, a and/or B may mean: a exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, in order to facilitate the clear description of the technical solution of the present application, the words "first", "second", etc. are used to distinguish the same item or similar items having substantially the same function and function. It will be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the words "first," "second," and the like do not limit the amount and order of execution, and that the words "first," "second," and the like do not necessarily differ.
Reference in the specification to "one embodiment" or "some embodiments" or the like means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in one or more embodiments of the application. Thus, appearances of the phrases "in one embodiment," "in some embodiments," "in other embodiments," and the like in the specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment, but mean "one or more but not all embodiments" unless expressly specified otherwise. The terms "comprising," "including," "having," and variations thereof mean "including but not limited to," unless expressly specified otherwise.
Before describing the optical module provided by the embodiment of the present application in detail, related terms related to the embodiment of the present application will be briefly described.
Linearly polarized light: the light whose light vector vibrates only along a certain fixed direction is linearly polarized light, that is, the locus of the electric vector end of the light drawn on a plane perpendicular to the propagation direction is a straight line. The polarized light described below is generally referred to as linearly polarized light.
Circularly polarized light: the light vector endpoint trace is a circle. When two plane polarized lights with the same propagation direction, mutually perpendicular vibration directions and constant phase difference phi= (2 m plus or minus 1/2) pi are overlapped, circularly polarized lights with regularly changed light vectors can be synthesized, and m is an integer. The circularly polarized light includes left circularly polarized light and right circularly polarized light, specifically, left circularly polarized light when the phase difference is Φ= (2m+1/2) pi, and right circularly polarized light when the phase difference is Φ= (2 m-1/2) pi.
Polarizing plate: the polarization effect is exerted on the light beam, so that the light beam in a specific vibration direction passes through, and the light beams in other vibration directions cannot pass through. For example, when natural light passes through the polarizing plate, a light beam having a vibration direction parallel to the optical axis of the polarizing plate passes through, and a light beam having a vibration direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the polarizing plate cannot pass through, or, in other words, a light beam having a vibration direction perpendicular to the optical axis of the polarizing plate is absorbed.
Constructive interference: it is understood that two coherent waves having a phase difference of 0 degrees propagate in the same direction.
Destructive interference: it is understood that two coherent waves having a phase difference of 180 degrees propagate in the same direction.
Brewster angle: also known as the angle of polarization. When natural light is reflected and refracted at a dielectric interface, the reflected light and the refracted light are generally partially polarized light, and the reflected light is polarized light only when the incident angle is a specific angle, and the vibration direction of the reflected light is perpendicular to the incident plane, wherein the specific angle is called brewster angle, and the incident angle of the light beam is called as brewster angle.
A quarter wave plate: the o-light and e-light can be made to produce an optical path difference of λ4, λ being the wavelength of the light beam. After the vibration plane of the polarized light is perpendicular to the optical axis of the quarter wave plate, the light emitted by the quarter wave plate is still polarized light. If the polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate and the included angle between the vibration direction of the polarized light and the optical axis of the quarter wave plate is equal to + -45 degrees, the light emitted from the quarter wave plate is changed into circularly polarized light. Specifically, when the included angle between the polarization direction of the polarizer and the optical axis of the quarter-wave plate is +45 degrees, the light emitted from the quarter-wave plate becomes left-handed circularly polarized light; when the included angle between the polarization direction of the polarizer and the optical axis of the quarter wave plate is-45 degrees, the light emitted by the quarter wave plate is changed into right-handed circularly polarized light. On the contrary, after the circularly polarized light is incident on the quarter wave plate, the light emitted by the quarter wave plate becomes polarized light.
The application scenario related to the embodiment of the present application is briefly described below.
Referring to fig. 1, a conventional display screen generally includes a display panel, which may be, but not limited to, an OLED or the like, and a polarizer, which may be indicated by 00 in fig. 1, and the polarizer 00 may include a pressure sensitive adhesive (Pressure Sensitive Adhesive, PSA), a quarter wave plate (i.e., 1/4 lambda plate), and a linear polarizer disposed from bottom to top, wherein the PSA is used to bond the polarizer to the display panel. Light emitted by the OLED passes through the polaroid to complete emergent. However, due to the polarization of the linear polarizer in the polarizer, only a portion of light (e.g., o-ray) can pass through the polarizer while a portion of light (e.g., e-ray) is absorbed, so that the light efficiency loss is more than half, and the transmittance is less than 45%, thereby resulting in lower brightness of the display. Therefore, the embodiment of the application provides an optical module which can improve the light transmittance, thereby increasing the transmitted brightness of the screen. Specific implementations thereof can be seen in the following examples.
Referring to fig. 2, fig. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an optical module according to an exemplary embodiment, where the optical module mainly includes a display panel 1, a quarter-wave plate (2), a beam deflection unit (3), and a linear polarizer (4), the quarter-wave plate (2) is located between the display panel (1) and the beam deflection unit (3), and the beam deflection unit (3) is located between the quarter-wave plate (2) and the linear polarizer (4).
Light emitted by the display panel (1) is transmitted through the quarter wave plate (2) and is incident on the light beam deflection unit (3), the light beam deflection unit (3) is used for dividing the incident light into first polarized light L1 and second polarized light L2, the first polarized light L1 is incident on the linear polarizer (4), and the second polarized light L2 is incident on the quarter wave plate (2). The vibration direction of the first polarized light L1 is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polarizer (4), the vibration direction of the second polarized light L2 is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the first polarized light L1, or the vibration direction of the first polarized light L1 is parallel to the paper surface, and the vibration direction of the second polarized light L2 is perpendicular to the paper surface. The quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting incident second polarized light L2 into circularly polarized light, and then the circularly polarized light is incident on the display panel (1) and reflected to the quarter wave plate (2) by the display panel (1). The quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting circularly polarized light into third polarized light L3, the third polarized light L3 is transmitted through the light beam deflection unit (3) and is incident on the linear polarizer (4), and the vibration direction of the third polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polarizer (4), or the vibration direction of the third polarized light is parallel to the paper surface.
In one example, the first polarized light L1 is o light, the second polarized light L2 is e light, and the third polarized light L3 is o light.
By way of example and not limitation, the display panel (1) is an OLED. The light emitted by the display panel (1) is natural light, including red light, green light and blue light. After light emitted by the display panel (1) passes through the quarter wave plate (2), the light is normally incident to the light beam deflection unit (3). The beam deflection unit (3) has the function of decomposing natural light into o light and e light, and the o light can directly pass through the linear polaroid (4) because the vibration direction of the o light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polaroid (4), so that the o light can be emitted. For the e-light obtained after the decomposition, the beam deflection unit (3) deflects the e-light so that the e-light is incident on the quarter wave plate (2). As an example of the present application, the angle between the vibration direction of the second polarized light L2 and the optical axis of the quarter wave plate (2) is equal to ±45 degrees, and thus, after the second polarized light L2 is incident on the quarter wave plate (2), the light exiting from the quarter wave plate (2) becomes circularly polarized light. The circularly polarized light continues to propagate forward and is incident on the display panel (1) positioned below the quarter wave plate (2), and the display panel (1) reflects the incident circularly polarized light so that the circularly polarized light is incident on the quarter wave plate (2) again. The circularly polarized light changes in the rotation direction after being reflected by the display panel (1), for example, if the circularly polarized light emitted from the quarter wave plate (2) is right circularly polarized light, the circularly polarized light becomes left circularly polarized light after being reflected by the display panel (1), and if the circularly polarized light emitted from the quarter wave plate (2) is left circularly polarized light, the circularly polarized light becomes right circularly polarized light after being reflected by the display panel (1). When the circularly polarized light reflected by the display panel (1) is transmitted through the quarter wave plate (2) again, the circularly polarized light is changed into linearly polarized light again, and meanwhile the polarization direction of the polarized light is changed, namely, the circularly polarized light is changed into o light after passing through the quarter wave plate (2), so that part of light can be transmitted through the linear polarizing plate (4), and emergent is completed.
It should be noted that natural light is decomposed into two kinds of light with mutually perpendicular vibration directions through the beam deflection unit (3), namely o light and e light, the o light is transmitted through the linear polaroid (4), and the e light is also converted into o light capable of being transmitted through the linear polaroid (4) under the action of the beam deflection unit (3), the quarter wave plate (2) and the display panel (1), so that the phenomenon of light efficiency loss can be avoided, and the brightness of a screen is further increased.
In the present embodiment, the display panel (1) is an OLED. In another embodiment, the display panel (1) may also be other devices, and illustratively, the display panel (1) may also be, but is not limited to, an active-matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) or an active-matrix organic light emitting diode (active-matrix organic light emitting diode), a flex light-emitting diode (FLED), a mini, a Micro led, a Micro-oLed, a quantum dot light emitting diode (quantum dot light emitting diodes, QLED), which is not limited by the embodiments of the present application.
As an example of the present application, referring to fig. 3, the beam deflection unit (3) includes a polarization componentA beam unit (31) and an optical coating (32), the optical coating (32) being located between the polarizing beam-splitting unit (31) and the linear polarizer (4). The polarization beam splitting unit (31) is used for splitting the incident light into first polarized light L1 and second polarized light L2, the first polarized light L1 is incident to the linear polarizer (4) through the optical coating film (32), and the second polarized light L2 is incident at a first incident angle theta 3 Incident on the optical coating film (32), a first incident angle theta 3 Is greater than or equal to the Brewster angle of the optical coating (32). The optical coating film (32) is used for reflecting the second polarized light L2, and the second polarized light L2 is transmitted to the quarter wave plate (2) through the polarization beam splitting unit (31).
By way of example and not limitation, the polarizing beam splitting unit (31) may be fabricated using a birefringent material such as quartz or a polymer.
In one example, referring to fig. 4, the polarization beam splitting unit (31) includes a first microstructure unit (311) (including all triangular portions in fig. 4) and a second microstructure unit (312), the polarization beam splitting unit (31) has a birefringence, an optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311) is parallel to an incident direction of light, and an optical axis of the second microstructure unit (312) is perpendicular to an optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311). The first microstructure element (311) is located between the second microstructure element (312) and the quarter wave plate (2), and the first microstructure element (311) comprises a plurality of microstructures. The interface between any one microstructure of the plurality of microstructures and the second microstructure unit (312) is used for dividing the incident light into first polarized light L1 and second polarized light L2, the first polarized light L1 is incident on the linear polarizer (4) through the second microstructure unit (312) and the optical coating film (32), the second polarized light L2 is incident on the optical coating film (32) at a first incident angle and reflected by the optical coating film (32) to the other microstructure adjacent to the one microstructure, and the second polarized light is refracted by the other microstructure and then is incident on the quarter wave plate (2).
Illustratively, the birefringence of the polarizing beam splitting cell (31) includes ne and no, where ne > no. In one example, after light emitted from the display panel (1) is normally incident to the beam deflection unit (3) through the quarter wave plate (2), since the polarization beam splitting unit (31) is a material having a birefringence, the optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311) and the optical axis of the second microstructure unit (312) are orthogonal to each other, the optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311) is parallel to the incident direction of the incident light, and the optical axis of the second microstructure unit (312) is perpendicular to the incident direction of the incident light. In the first microstructure element (311), light is normally incident, propagates along the optical axis of the first microstructure element (311), does not undergo birefringence, and both a component vibrating parallel to the paper surface and a component vibrating perpendicular to the paper surface can be regarded as o-rays, and the propagation direction is not deflected. The component of vibration perpendicular to the paper surface becomes e light, and as ne > no, the e light is refracted in the polarization beam splitting unit (31), the optical path is deflected, and the e light is incident to the quarter wave plate (2) under the action of the polarization beam splitting unit (31) and the optical coating film (32). The component of vibration parallel to the paper surface is still o light, the refractive index is unchanged, and the o light is transmitted through the optical coating film (32) along the original incident direction without bias and is incident on the linear polarizer (4).
In one example, referring to fig. 5, the optical coating (32) includes a plurality of first coating layers (321) and a plurality of second coating layers (322), and the plurality of first coating layers (321) and the plurality of second coating layers (322) are alternately stacked. The refractive index of the first coating layer (321) is greater than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 2.3, and the refractive index of the second coating layer (322) is greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.55. The plurality of first coating layers (321) can be made of the same material or different materials; the plurality of second coating layers (322) may be made of the same material or different materials.
That is, the optical coating film (32) is formed by alternately forming a plurality of first coating layers with high refractive index and a plurality of second coating layers with low refractive index. By way of example and not limitation, the material of the first plating layer (321) may be any of niobium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, silicon nitride, zirconium dioxide. The material of the second coating layer (322) may be, but is not limited to, silicon oxide or magnesium fluoride. The material of the plurality of coating layers may be any one of the high refractive material or the low refractive material.
As an example of the present application, the optical coating (32) is a polarized reflective coating that selectively reflects only the second polarized light L2, i.e., does not reflect the first polarized light L1.
As an example of the present application, in the optical plating film (32), the optical path difference of light vibrating in a direction perpendicular to the incident surface of the optical plating film (32) is lambda i Integer times of/2, the optical path difference of the light vibrating parallel to the incident plane direction is lambda i Odd multiple of/4, lambda i Is the wavelength of light.
It is noted that the optical path difference is set to lambda for vibration in the normal incidence plane direction by the film system design i By the integral multiple of/2, constructive interference of the reflected light in the direction can be realized, and total reflection of the light vibrating in the direction can be realized, so that after the second polarized light L2 enters the optical coating film (32), the optical coating film (32) can perform total reflection on the second polarized light L2. For vibration parallel to the incident plane, the optical path difference is set as lambda by the film system design i And/4, so that the total transmission of the light vibrating in the direction can be realized, and therefore, the first polarized light L1 (i.e. o light) can be incident on the linear polarizer (4) through the optical coating film (32).
As an example of the present application, since the light beam includes red light, green light and blue light, when designing the film system of the optical plating film (32), designs are respectively made for different types of light, specifically, lambda i May include lambda 1 、λ 2 、λ 3 Wherein lambda is 1 The wavelength of the red light is represented, and the value range is generally 7800-6200 angstroms; lambda (lambda) 2 The wavelength of green light is represented, and the value range is generally 6000-4800 angstroms; lambda (lambda) 3 The wavelength of blue light is generally 4800 angstrom to 3800 angstrom. That is, the optical path difference of the light vibrating in the direction perpendicular to the incident surface includes the optical path difference lambda of the red light 1 Optical path difference lambda of/2 and green light 2 Optical path difference lambda of/2 and blue light 3 2, the optical path difference of the light vibrating parallel to the incident plane direction includes the optical path difference lambda of the red light 1 Optical path difference lambda of/4 and green light 2 Optical path difference lambda of/4 and blue light 3 /4。
As an example of the present application, in any one of the microstructure areas (the microstructure area is shown by a dashed line box in fig. 4) in the polarization beam splitting unit (31), the total reflection of the second polarized light L2 can be completed in the microstructure area for any one of the second polarized light L2 in the microstructure area, so that the second polarized light L2 is perpendicularly incident into the quarter wave plate (2) without interfering with the light in the adjacent microstructure area. For example, referring to fig. 4, the second polarized light L2 can be converted from polarization direction to exit in each microstructure area. For example, referring to fig. 6, for the second polarized light L2 decomposed by the light beam 71, the second polarized light L2 can be vertically incident on the quarter wave plate (2) according to the optical path shown in fig. 7. As shown in fig. 7, for the second polarized light L2 decomposed by the light beam 71, the second polarized light L2 can be vertically incident on the quarter wave plate (2) according to the optical path shown in fig. 7.
As described above, in order to enable total reflection of the second polarized light L2, in addition to the optical plating film (32) satisfying the above-described optical path difference condition, on the other hand, the first incident angle θ of the second polarized light L2 is required 3 Satisfy Brewster's condition, i.e., first incident angle θ 3 And the angle is larger than or equal to the Brewster angle, so that after the second polarized light L2 is incident to the optical coating film (32), the optical coating film (32) can perform total reflection on the second polarized light L2. Wherein, the Brewster angle can be determined according to the refractive index of the first coating layer (321) in the optical coating (32), the refractive index of the second coating layer (322) and the coating thickness.
In order to make the first incident angle theta 3 Greater than or equal to the brewster angle can be achieved by designing the structure of the first microstructure element (311). As an example of the present application, the first microstructure (311) includes a cross-section of each microstructure of the plurality of microstructures that is an axisymmetric pattern, such as the shape of the cross-section of the microstructure that is an isosceles triangle as shown in fig. 4. The distance from the vertex of the isosceles triangle to the optical coating (32) is not zero. In this way, the second polarized light L2 is incident at a certain angle (i.e. the first incident angle θ 3 ) Incident on the optical coating film (32).
As one example of the present application, the shape of the cross section of the microstructure is an isosceles triangle, and when the microstructure satisfies the following condition:
L 1 ＝H 2 *cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 )+(H 1 +H 2 )*cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 ) (1)
sinθ 1 /sinθ 2 ＝ne/no (2)
tanθ 1 ＝H 1 /L 1 (3)
please refer to fig. 8 and 9, l 1 Is half the length of the base of an isosceles triangle; h 1 Is isosceles triangle high; θ 1 Is the base angle of an isosceles triangle, namely the normal angle between the incident light and the microstructure interface, wherein the microstructure interface refers to the interface between the microstructure of the first microstructure unit (311) and the second microstructure unit (312); θ 2 Is the angle of refraction of the second polarized light in the second microstructure element (312), i.e. the angle between the second polarized light L2 and the normal of the isosceles triangle waist, H 2 Is the distance from the vertex of the isosceles triangle to the optical coating film (32); no is the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the first polarized light L1, and the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the second polarized light L2 is also no, and the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the first polarized light L1 is also no; ne is the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the second polarized light L2.
As an example of the present application, θ 1 And H 1 May be a preset value, θ 1 And H 1 May be determined empirically.
It will be appreciated that since no and ne are known amounts, θ 1 And H 1 Is a preset value, namely theta 1 And H 1 Also of known quantity, the half length L of the base of the isosceles triangle can be determined according to formula (3) 1 And the angle theta between the second polarized light L2 and the normal line of the waist of the isosceles triangle can be determined according to the formula (2) 2 Then, the distance H from the vertex of the isosceles triangle to the optical coating film (32) can be determined according to the formula (1) 2 . Thus, the polarization beam splitting unit can be designed according to the above parameters(31) A first microstructure element (311) and a second microstructure element (312) such that a first angle of incidence θ 3 Can be greater than or equal to the Brewster angle, where the first angle of incidence θ 3 Can be according to theta 1 And theta 2 Determination, i.e. θ 3 ＝θ 1 -θ 2 。
It should be noted that, the cross section of each microstructure of the plurality of microstructures included in the first microstructure unit (311) is described as an isosceles triangle, and in another embodiment, each microstructure of the plurality of microstructures included in the first microstructure unit (311) may also be other structures, so long as the whole process of converting the polarization direction of the second polarized light L2 to the outgoing light can be completed in each microstructure area. Illustratively, as shown in fig. 10, the cross section of each microstructure of the plurality of microstructures included in the first microstructure element (311) may also be shaped similar to a normal distribution diagram, where the portion shown by the dashed box is a microstructure area, which is not limited by the embodiment of the present application.
The second polarized light L2 can vertically enter the quarter wave plate (2) under the action of the light beam deflection unit (3), the second polarized light L2 is converted into circularly polarized light after passing through the quarter wave plate (2), and the circularly polarized light enters the display panel (1). Referring to fig. 11, in some examples, the display panel (1) includes a metal layer (11) and a light emitting layer (12), the metal layer (11) includes a cathode layer (111) and an anode layer (112), the light emitting layer (12) is located between the cathode layer (111) and the anode layer (112), and the cathode layer (111) is located between the quarter wave plate (2) and the light emitting layer (12). The cathode layer (111) is used for reflecting part of the incident circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2), and the other part of the circularly polarized light is incident to the anode layer (112) through the cathode layer (111) and the light-emitting layer (12). The anode layer (112) is used for reflecting the incident other part of circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2) through the light-emitting layer (12).
Wherein the cathode layer (111) has a semi-transmissive property, and is capable of reflecting a part of light and transmitting another part of light; the anode layer (112) has a total reflection layer characteristic and is capable of totally reflecting light. Therefore, after the circularly polarized light is incident on the metal layer (11), the circularly polarized light is firstly incident on the cathode layer (111), part of the circularly polarized light is reflected by the cathode layer (111) and then enters the quarter wave plate (2), and the other part of the circularly polarized light is transmitted from the cathode layer (111) and then enters the anode layer (112). The circularly polarized light entering the anode layer (112) is totally reflected by the anode layer (112) and then enters the quarter wave plate (2). After the circularly polarized light reflected by the cathode layer (111) and the anode layer (112) passes through the quarter wave plate (2), the light emitted by the quarter wave plate (2) is third polarized light L3, such as o light.
Referring to fig. 11, the light emitting layer (12) may be disposed in a pixel defining layer (Pixel Definition Layer, PDL) of the display panel (1), the PDL layer being located between a planarization layer 2 (Planarization layer, PLN) and a spacer control material (PS) layer. In one example, the metal layer (11) includes a cathode layer (111) in a PS layer of the display panel (1), the metal layer (11) includes an anode layer (112) in a PDL layer, and the light emitting layer (12) is between the cathode layer (111) and the anode layer (112).
By way of example and not limitation, as shown in fig. 11, the quarter wave plate (2) and the display panel (1) may be bonded by PSA glue, i.e. the optical module further comprises PSA glue.
It should be noted that the drawings in the present application are only for illustrating the structure of the optical module, and are not for illustrating the actual thickness of each structure (such as each layer).
After that, the third polarized light L3 is emitted according to the light path of the first polarized light L1, that is, the third polarized light L3 sequentially passes through the polarization beam splitting unit (31), the optical coating film (32), and the linear polarizer (4), thereby completing the emission.
It should be noted that, the embodiment of the present application is only described by taking the example that the display panel (1) includes the PS layer, the PDL layer and the PLN2 layer, but the components of the display panel (1) are not limited. In another embodiment, the display panel (1) may further include other structural layers, which are not particularly limited in the embodiment of the present application.
In an embodiment of the application, an optical module is provided, which includes a display panel, a quarter wave plate, a beam deflection unit and a linear polarizer, wherein the quarter wave plate is located between the display panel and the beam deflection unit, and the beam deflection unit is located between the quarter wave plate and the linear polarizer. Light emitted from the display panel is incident to the beam deflection unit through the quarter wave plate. The beam deflection unit divides incident light into first polarized light and second polarized light, the first polarized light is incident to the linear polarizer, the second polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate, the vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polarizer, and the vibration direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the first polarized light. The quarter wave plate converts the second polarized light into circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light is incident to the display panel and reflected to the quarter wave plate by the display panel. The quarter wave plate converts the circularly polarized light into third polarized light, the third polarized light is incident to the linear polarizer through the beam deflection unit, and the vibration direction of the third polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polarizer. That is, after the incident light is decomposed by the beam deflection unit, the decomposed second polarized light is respectively acted with the quarter wave plate and the display panel, so that the finally obtained third polarized light is the same type as the first polarized light, and the third polarized light can be transmitted through the linear polaroid, so that the third polarized light is prevented from being filtered, the light transmittance is increased, and the brightness of a screen can be improved.
The above embodiments are not intended to limit the present application, and any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc. within the technical scope of the present application should be included in the scope of the present application.
Claims (8)
1. An optical module, characterized in that the optical module comprises a display panel (1), a quarter wave plate (2), a beam deflection unit (3) and a linear polarizer (4), the quarter wave plate (2) is located between the display panel (1) and the beam deflection unit (3), the beam deflection unit (3) is located between the quarter wave plate (2) and the linear polarizer (4), the beam deflection unit (3) comprises a polarization beam splitting unit (31) and an optical coating film (32), the optical coating film (32) is positioned between the polarization beam splitting unit (31) and the linear polaroid (4), the polarization beam splitting unit (31) has a double refractive index, the polarization beam splitting unit (31) comprises a first microstructure unit (311) and a second microstructure unit (312), the optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311) is parallel to the incidence direction of light, the optical axis of the second microstructure unit (312) is perpendicular to the optical axis of the first microstructure unit (311), the first microstructure element (311) comprises a plurality of microstructures, each of which is located between the second microstructure element (312) and the quarter wave plate (2), the distance from the tip of each microstructure of the plurality of microstructures to the optical coating (32) is not zero;
light emitted by the display panel (1) is incident to the beam deflection unit (3) through the quarter wave plate (2);
the interface between any one microstructure of the plurality of microstructures of the polarization beam splitting unit (31) and the second microstructure unit (312) is used for splitting incident light into first polarized light and second polarized light, the first polarized light is transmitted through the second microstructure unit (312) and the optical coating film (32) and is incident to the linear polarizer (4), the second polarized light is incident to the optical coating film (32) at a first incident angle and is totally reflected by the optical coating film (32) to another microstructure adjacent to the one microstructure, the second polarized light is incident to the quarter wave plate (2) after being refracted by the other microstructure, the first incident angle is larger than or equal to the brewster angle of the optical coating film (32), the vibration direction of the first polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polarizer (4), and the vibration direction of the second polarized light is perpendicular to the vibration direction of the first polarized light;
the quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting the second polarized light into circularly polarized light, and the circularly polarized light is incident to the display panel (1) and reflected to the quarter wave plate (2) by the display panel (1);
the quarter wave plate (2) is used for converting the circularly polarized light into third polarized light, the third polarized light is transmitted through the light beam deflection unit (3) and is incident to the linear polaroid (4), and the vibration direction of the third polarized light is parallel to the polarization direction of the linear polaroid (4).
2. An optical module according to claim 1, wherein the display panel (1) comprises a metal layer (11) and a light emitting layer (12), the metal layer (11) comprising a cathode layer (111) and an anode layer (112), the light emitting layer (12) being located between the cathode layer (111) and the anode layer (112), the cathode layer (111) being located between the quarter wave plate (2) and the light emitting layer (12);
the cathode layer (111) is used for reflecting part of the incident circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2), and the other part of the circularly polarized light is transmitted through the cathode layer (111) and the light-emitting layer (12) to be incident on the anode layer (112);
the anode layer (112) is used for reflecting the incident other part of circularly polarized light to the quarter wave plate (2) through the light emitting layer (12).
3. The optical module of claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the microstructure is in the shape of an axisymmetric pattern.
4. An optical module as claimed in claim 3, wherein the cross-section of the microstructure is in the shape of an isosceles triangle, the microstructure satisfying the following conditions:
L 1 ＝H 2 *cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 )+(H 1 +H 2 )*cot(90°-θ 1 +θ 2 ) (1)
sinθ 1 /sinθ 2 ＝ne/no (2)
tanθ 1 ＝H 1 /L 1 (3)
wherein the L is 1 Is half the length of the base of the isosceles triangle, the H 1 Is the height of the isosceles triangle, the theta 1 Is the base angle of the isosceles triangle, the theta 2 Is the angle of refraction of the second polarized light within the second microstructure element (312), the H 2 Is the isosceles triangle roof-the distance of the spot to the optical coating (32), the no being the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the first polarized light, and the refractive index of the first microstructure element (311) for the second polarized light being the no, and the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the first polarized light being the no, the ne being the refractive index of the second microstructure element (312) for the second polarized light.
5. The optical module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical coating (32) comprises a plurality of first coating layers (321) and a plurality of second coating layers (322), the plurality of first coating layers (321) and the plurality of second coating layers (322) being alternately stacked;
the refractive index of the first coating layer (321) is greater than or equal to 1.7 and less than or equal to 2.3, and the refractive index of the second coating layer (322) is greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.55.
6. The optical module according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the optical coating (32) is a polarizing reflective coating.
7. A display screen comprising an optical module as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6.
8. An electronic device comprising the display screen of claim 7.
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| US5712694A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1998-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | LCD comprising a light separating element including a cholesteric liquid crystal sheet |
| CN106405933A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Backlight module and liquid crystal display device |
| CN110161699A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 上海视涯信息科技有限公司 | A kind of virtual reality display equipment |
| CN110426859A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of optical diaphragm, display component and display device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5712694A (en) * | 1994-09-16 | 1998-01-27 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | LCD comprising a light separating element including a cholesteric liquid crystal sheet |
| CN106405933A (en) * | 2016-10-31 | 2017-02-15 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | Backlight module and liquid crystal display device |
| CN110161699A (en) * | 2019-06-14 | 2019-08-23 | 上海视涯信息科技有限公司 | A kind of virtual reality display equipment |
| CN110426859A (en) * | 2019-07-31 | 2019-11-08 | 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 | A kind of optical diaphragm, display component and display device |
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