CN116041007A - Freeze-resistant early-strength type sprayed concrete for high-altitude and high-cold areas and application method thereof - Google Patents
Freeze-resistant early-strength type sprayed concrete for high-altitude and high-cold areas and application method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116041007A CN116041007A CN202211629123.2A CN202211629123A CN116041007A CN 116041007 A CN116041007 A CN 116041007A CN 202211629123 A CN202211629123 A CN 202211629123A CN 116041007 A CN116041007 A CN 116041007A
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- strength
- early
- sprayed concrete
- freezing
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- 239000011378 shotcrete Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 117
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- -1 aluminum alkoxide Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000002528 anti-freeze Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000004872 foam stabilizing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011398 Portland cement Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Ca] ZFXVRMSLJDYJCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical group C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 4
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000056 polyoxyethylene ether Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229940051841 polyoxyethylene ether Drugs 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010445 mica Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052618 mica group Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium thiocyanate Chemical compound [K+].[S-]C#N ZNNZYHKDIALBAK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 229940116357 potassium thiocyanate Drugs 0.000 claims description 3
- VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium thiocyanate Chemical compound [Na+].[S-]C#N VGTPCRGMBIAPIM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000004381 surface treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M (3-methylphenyl)methyl-triphenylphosphanium;chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CC1=CC=CC(C[P+](C=2C=CC=CC=2)(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 BNGXYYYYKUGPPF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Betaine Natural products C[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O KWIUHFFTVRNATP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004721 Polyphenylene oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CN(CC(C)O)CC(C)O SLINHMUFWFWBMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000003973 alkyl amines Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[OH-].[Al+3] WNROFYMDJYEPJX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium isopropoxide Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-].CC(C)[O-] SMZOGRDCAXLAAR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium triethoxide Chemical compound CCO[Al](OCC)OCC JPUHCPXFQIXLMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229960003237 betaine Drugs 0.000 claims description 2
- ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H bis(4,5-dioxo-1,3,2-dioxalumolan-2-yl) oxalate Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O.[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZCLVNIZJEKLGFA-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 claims description 2
- XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium;oxido(oxo)alumane Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-][Al]=O.[O-][Al]=O XFWJKVMFIVXPKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K diphosphonooxyalumanyl dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [Al+3].OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O.OP(O)([O-])=O RGPUVZXXZFNFBF-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 claims description 2
- SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyldimethylamine N-oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] SYELZBGXAIXKHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- UTTVXKGNTWZECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n-dimethyloctadecan-1-amine oxide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)[O-] UTTVXKGNTWZECK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-dodecyl-n,n-dimethylglycinate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)CC([O-])=O DVEKCXOJTLDBFE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenyl 3-chloropropanoate Chemical compound ClCCC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RAFRTSDUWORDLA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920005646 polycarboxylate Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- MDDPTCUZZASZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris[(2-methylpropan-2-yl)oxy]alumane Chemical compound [Al+3].CC(C)(C)[O-].CC(C)(C)[O-].CC(C)(C)[O-] MDDPTCUZZASZIQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000306 component Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 25
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 21
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000010257 thawing Methods 0.000 description 10
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 6
- YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine atom Chemical compound [F] YCKRFDGAMUMZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000004156 Azodicarbonamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N azodicarbonamide Chemical compound NC(=O)\N=N\C(N)=O XOZUGNYVDXMRKW-AATRIKPKSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019399 azodicarbonamide Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011056 performance test Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910021487 silica fume Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 4
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical group OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000012239 silicon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910021485 fumed silica Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010053481 Antifreeze Proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000013162 Cocos nucifera Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000060011 Cocos nucifera Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009933 burial Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008358 core component Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L lithium sulfate Inorganic materials [Li+].[Li+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O INHCSSUBVCNVSK-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000989 no adverse effect Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M sodium;(1r,4ar,4br,10ar)-1,4a-dimethyl-7-propan-2-yl-2,3,4,4b,5,6,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene-1-carboxylate Chemical compound [Na+].C([C@@H]12)CC(C(C)C)=CC1=CC[C@@H]1[C@]2(C)CCC[C@@]1(C)C([O-])=O ITCAUAYQCALGGV-XTICBAGASA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 1
- RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 3-aminoazetidine-1-carboxylate;hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.CC(C)(C)OC(=O)N1CC(N)C1 RBTVSNLYYIMMKS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008130 triterpenoid saponins Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
- C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
- C04B28/04—Portland cements
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00034—Physico-chemical characteristics of the mixtures
- C04B2111/00146—Sprayable or pumpable mixtures
- C04B2111/00155—Sprayable, i.e. concrete-like, materials able to be shaped by spraying instead of by casting, e.g. gunite
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2201/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values
- C04B2201/50—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/50—Reuse, recycling or recovery technologies
- Y02W30/91—Use of waste materials as fillers for mortars or concrete
Abstract
The invention discloses an anti-freezing early-strength type sprayed concrete for high and cold areas of the sea and a use method thereof. The antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete comprises a cementing material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, a low-pressure air-entraining and foam-stabilizing component, a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator, a liquid composite antifreeze component and water, wherein the cementing material consists of 75-85% of cement by mass and 15-25% of high-dispersion early-strength powder by mass, the liquid composite antifreeze component consists of an antifreeze component, aluminum alkoxide, alkanolamine and water, and the low-pressure air-entraining and foam-stabilizing component is a mixture of an air-entraining agent and a foam-stabilizing agent. According to the invention, through reasonable material configuration and using methods, the sprayed concrete material suitable for high-altitude and high-cold areas is obtained, and the construction efficiency and service strength performance of the sprayed concrete in the high-altitude and high-cold areas are comprehensively improved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel lining concrete, and particularly relates to anti-freezing early-strength type shotcrete for high-altitude and high-cold areas and a use method thereof.
Background
With the deep advancement of ultra-long century tunnel engineering such as a bridge immersed tunnel, a Liutian mountain victory highway tunnel, a Sichuan Tibet railway tribute tunnel and the like of the port of China, the tunnel construction technology of China obtains a breakthrough innovation of milestone type in the aspects of tunnel mileage length, section span, complex tunnel construction or service environment and the like. The drilling and blasting method is used as a common construction mode of mountain tunnel engineering, has the advantages of good adaptability of hard rock, small equipment loss and power requirement, multi-working-procedure segmented tunneling and the like, wherein a typical primary support structure mainly comprises an anchor rod, sprayed concrete and a steel arch or a steel bar net surface, and the sprayed concrete material serving as a core component mainly plays roles of bearing, sealing and stabilizing surrounding rocks in a surrounding rock-support bearing system by directly contacting the surrounding rocks to form an integrated sealed curved surface structure. However, the tunnel construction in southwest areas with mountain and Tibetan plateau as typical mountain features has the characteristics of large day and night temperature difference, high altitude and mountain burial depth, more weak stratum and the like, and the day and night temperature difference can reach more than 30 ℃ during winter construction by taking the current Sichuan railway forest section in construction as an example. Therefore, for tunnel lining concrete in high altitude and high cold areas, the high altitude and low air pressure conditions and the high cold negative temperature environment easily bring the problems of concrete quality such as reduced air entraining performance, aggravated freeze thawing damage, slow setting and hardening, reduced supporting strength and the like, and influence the construction and operation safety of the whole tunnel structure. For the sprayed concrete material directly contacted with surrounding rock, the high and cold environment affects the rapid hardening performance of the sprayed concrete material more easily, so that the spray rebound rate is increased, the alkali-free accelerator is crystallized and precipitated, the early support strength is low, and the control of the surrounding rock excavation settlement deformation performance is not facilitated, so that the method has important significance for improving the freezing resistance and the early support strength of sprayed concrete in high and cold areas at high altitudes and improving the tunnel lining concrete construction performance in the areas.
The existing research is more in the aspects of development of liquid accelerator for anti-freezing and air-entraining component modified sprayed concrete and winter heat preservation construction, but less attention is paid to the anti-freezing performance and early-stage hour strength improvement of sprayed concrete materials, and the air-entraining performance of high-altitude sprayed concrete is not yet involved, and the winter heat preservation construction method is easy to cause the reduction of the transportation working performance, the service strength and the like of concrete mixtures in the actual spraying construction process.
The patent No. CN110002781A discloses a liquid accelerator modified material, which is a special modified material for liquid accelerator with low-temperature stability and early strength functions. Ethylene glycol or propylene glycol antifreezing agent, fumed silica and lithium sulfate early strength agent are doped in the modified material, but the micromolecular alcohol antifreezing agent is easy to cause the decrease of the concrete strength, the lithium salt and the fumed silica are high in market price, and only the liquid accelerator is subjected to freezing resistance and early strength improvement, but the freezing resistance and early strength improvement effect on sprayed concrete is not known.
Patent number CN110734242A "an alkali-free liquid accelerator for sprayed concrete for alpine regions and a preparation method thereof", discloses an alkali-free liquid accelerator for alpine regions, which adopts an accelerator antifreezing component and a concrete antifreezing component to improve the freezing resistance of a system, but the concrete antifreezing component is methanol, has a certain delay hydration effect and is unfavorable for improving the early strength of the system. Meanwhile, azodicarbonamide is doped into the concrete as an air entraining component, but the air entraining effect of the concrete is unknown aiming at the low-pressure environment of part of high-cold high-altitude areas.
Patent number CN112479621A "an antifreezing bleed-air type alkali-free liquid accelerator and a preparation method thereof", a liquid alkali-free accelerator is disclosed, the antifreezing bleed-air component is adopted to carry out functional modification on the liquid accelerator, but the bleed-air component is two or three of coconut fatty acid diethanolamide, sodium abietate and triterpenoid saponin, and the antifreezing effect on sprayed concrete under the conditions of high altitude and low air pressure is not related, in addition, a certain amount of fluorine-containing acid is introduced into the accelerator, so that the early strength of the sprayed concrete is easily reduced, and the early support effect is not easily improved.
The patent number CN101619656A is a railway permafrost tunnel supporting method, polypropylene fibers and a composite antifreezing agent are doped to prepare sprayed concrete, and a physical heating liquid accelerator and a mixing water temperature are adopted, but the doping of the concrete composite antifreezing agent has a large influence on the setting time and the later strength of the sprayed concrete, and the strength of the prepared sprayed concrete large plate and drill cores is lower than 30MPa, so that the supporting strength and the quick setting low rebound resilience performance of the sprayed concrete in a high and cold area are not beneficial to improvement.
Patent number CN108947390B "a high and cold area side slope anchor spray supporting heat preservation construction method", disclose anchor spray supporting heat preservation construction method, the said heat preservation construction method adopts antifreeze to prepare the grouting mortar of anchor rod, and adopt the measure of mixing water and sand aggregate to 30-60 deg.C of physical heating to improve the high and cold area anchor spray performance, its antifreeze mixing amount accounts for 3-11% of cementing material of anchor rod mortar, and mix in powder form, may have the uneven dispersion and use the higher problem of mixing amount; in addition, the performance improvement in terms of early strength of hydration of the core concrete material-sprayed concrete itself in the anchor spray structure is not involved.
Therefore, development of a sprayed concrete material which is suitable for high-altitude alpine regions, has excellent air entraining and freezing resistance and high hour support strength is needed to ensure the construction and service performance of the tunnel primary support in high-altitude and alpine environments.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides an anti-freezing early-strength type sprayed concrete for high altitude and high cold areas and a use method thereof, aiming at solving the problems of insufficient air entraining adaptability of sprayed concrete in a high altitude environment, poor freezing resistance of sprayed concrete under high cold conditions, delayed rapid hardening, low early support strength and the like in the prior art and improving the construction and service performance of sprayed concrete materials in the high altitude and high cold environment.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the present invention adopts the following technical scheme:
an anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete for high and cold areas of the sea level comprises a cementing material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, a low-air-pressure air-entraining and foam-stabilizing component, a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator, a liquid composite antifreezing component and water, wherein the contents of the components are calculated by each cubic sprayed concrete:
the dosage of the liquid composite antifreezing component accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the cementing material,
the water-gel ratio is 0.36-0.40;
the cementing material consists of 75-85% of cement by mass fraction and 15-25% of high-dispersion early-strength powder by mass fraction;
the high-dispersion early-strength powder is a mixture of ground superfine cement, calcined calcium magnesium clinker, inorganic aluminum compound and powder dispersing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the ground superfine cement to the calcined calcium magnesium clinker to the inorganic aluminum compound is 1:0.2 to 0.5:0.05 to 0.15, wherein the powder dispersing agent accounts for 0.5 to 1.5 percent of the sum of the mass of the other three components;
the liquid composite antifreezing component consists of an antifreezing component, aluminum alkoxide, alkanolamine and water, wherein the solid content is 25-35%; the mass ratio of the antifreezing component, aluminum alkoxide and alkanolamine in the liquid composite antifreezing component is 1:0.2 to 0.5:0.1 to 0.5;
the antifreezing component is selected from any one of sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, calcium nitrite and urea, and is preferably sodium thiocyanate or potassium thiocyanate; the aluminum alkoxide is any one of aluminum ethoxide, aluminum tert-butoxide and aluminum isopropoxide; the alkanolamine is any one selected from diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine, and is preferably triethanolamine;
the low-pressure air entraining and foam stabilizing component is a mixture of an air entraining agent and a foam stabilizing agent, wherein the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the foam stabilizing agent is 1:0.2-0.5.
According to the anti-freezing early-strength type sprayed concrete material for the high-altitude alpine region, firstly, the air entraining and freezing resistance of sprayed concrete and frost heaving stress generated by freezing free water of the concrete in the high-cold low-temperature environment are improved by designing the liquid composite antifreezing component and the air entraining and foam stabilizing component with good adaptability, and secondly, active high-dispersion early-strength powder with good dispersion adaptability is doped, so that the setting and hardening rate of the sprayed concrete in the low-temperature environment and the quick setting adaptability of an alkali-free accelerator and a gelatinization system are improved, and the early strength development of the sprayed concrete is promoted to control the early deformation, sedimentation and displacement condition of surrounding rocks. Finally, the application method of the sprayed concrete material suitable for the alpine region is developed in a matched mode, and the construction efficiency and the service strength performance of the sprayed concrete in the alpine region at high altitude are comprehensively improved.
Further, the coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone with the grain diameter of 5-16mm, the crushing index value is less than 5%, the water absorption rate is less than 1%, and the loose accumulation void ratio is less than 40%; the fine aggregate is natural river sand, the fineness modulus is 2.7-3.2, the mud content is less than 1%, and the mica content is less than 0.5%.
Further, the cement is selected from any one of ordinary Portland cement, portland cement and composite Portland cement; the cement strength grade is not less than 42.5, preferably 42.5.
Further, the specific surface area of the ground superfine cement in the high-dispersion early strength powder is more than 600m 2 The cement grade is 52.5, and the maximum grain diameter is not more than 0.045mm; the calcined calcium magnesium clinker is calcined calcium oxide or calcined magnesium oxide, wherein the mass fraction of the magnesium oxide or the calcium oxide is more than 92%, and the screen residue of square holes with the diameter of 1.18mm is less than 0.5%; the inorganic aluminumThe compound is selected from any one of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate and amorphous calcium aluminate; the powder dispersing agent is a powder polycarboxylate water reducer, the water reducing rate is more than 30%, and the specific surface area is more than 350m 2 /kg。
Further, the preparation method of the liquid composite antifreezing component comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the antifreezing component with water, stirring and dissolving for 1.5h at 45-60 ℃ to obtain a clear solution;
(2) Slowly adding aluminum alkoxide particles into the solution obtained in the step (1), controlling the charging time to be 1.0h, dripping alkanolamine after the aluminum alkoxide is dissolved at the reaction temperature of 55-65 ℃ for 20-30 min, and finally obtaining a light yellow clear solution, namely the liquid composite antifreezing component.
Further, the air entraining agent in the low-pressure air entraining and foam stabilizing component is alkyl polyether sulfate, preferably sodium dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate or sodium fatty acid alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate; the foam stabilizer is alkyl amine oxide or alkyl betaine, preferably any one of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, octadecyl dimethyl amine oxide and dodecyl dimethyl betaine.
Further, the liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator disclosed by the invention has the advantages that the initial setting time of the clean slurry at 5 ℃ is less than 5min, the final setting time is less than 12min, the liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator is subjected to negative temperature standing for 28d at-18 ℃ without crystallization, the pH value is between 3 and 5, and the fluorine ion content is lower than 0.05%.
The invention also aims to provide a use method of the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Preparation of an anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture: sequentially adding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, high-dispersion early-strength powder and water into a forced horizontal mixer, stirring for 90s, adding a liquid composite antifreezing component and a low-pressure air-entraining foam-stabilizing component, and continuously stirring for 60s to obtain an antifreezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture;
(2) Surrounding rock surface treatment before sprayed concrete construction: alternately flushing the sprayed surrounding rock surface and loose broken stones or clay substances of the tunnel by adopting air pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa and high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃, sequentially erecting a grid arch frame and a prestress expansion shell type anchor rod, flushing the arch frame and the rock surface by using the high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃ again, and ensuring that the temperature of the sprayed surrounding rock surface is higher than 30 ℃;
(3) And (3) construction of sprayed concrete: loading a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator into an accelerator pipeline in wet spraying equipment, and additionally installing a heating unit on a spraying pipeline device to ensure that the spraying temperature of the liquid accelerator is higher than 30 ℃; loading the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete mixture obtained in the step (1), mixing the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete mixture with a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator at a nozzle, spraying the mixture onto a surrounding rock surface, and controlling the spraying parameter to reach the spraying design thickness under the control of the spraying parameter with the spraying distance of 0.8-1.5m and the primary spraying thickness of 75-120 mm;
(4) Curing after spraying construction: and (3) after the spraying in the step (3) is finished, covering the sprayed concrete by adopting double-layer geotextile, and then spraying water for maintenance for 48 hours, wherein the water temperature is not lower than 25 ℃.
The beneficial technical effects of the invention are as follows:
(1) Through reasonable material configuration and application method, the sprayed concrete material suitable for high-altitude alpine regions is obtained. In terms of material configuration, the free water freezing point of concrete in a high-cold environment is reduced by designing a liquid composite antifreezing component with good negative temperature adaptability, frost heaving stress generated by water freezing is relieved, and the antifreezing performance of sprayed concrete in a high-altitude area is improved by introducing proper amount of stable micro bubbles by doping an air entraining and foam stabilizing component with good low air pressure adaptability; secondly, aiming at the performance requirements of slow setting and hardening of sprayed concrete, slow development of early strength and the like in a low-temperature environment, high-dispersion early-strength active powder is doped, so that the setting and hardening rate of the sprayed concrete in the low-temperature environment is obviously improved, and the quick setting adaptability of an alkali-free accelerator and a gelation system is improved;
(2) In the aspect of the construction method, by proper physical treatment such as surrounding rock heating treatment and accelerator pipeline heat preservation, the good effect of sprayed concrete and accelerator and the bonding effect with surrounding rock are promoted, so that the spraying construction efficiency and the construction quality are improved, and the application method is good in adaptability and low in cost.
(3) The invention combines the improvement of material performance and the improvement of a matched application method, and comprehensively realizes the reduction of the construction period of the tunnel lining concrete structure in a low outdoor temperature environment, especially in winter or extremely cold areas; the high-performance sprayed concrete is protected against freeze thawing damage environment, and the whole service life of the tunnel lining structure in the alpine region is prolonged. The frost resistance of the frost resistant early strength type sprayed concrete is more than F300, the quality of freeze thawing damage is less than 1.0%, the space coefficient of air bubbles of the hardened concrete is less than 150mm, the strength of the hardened concrete at-5 ℃ for 6h is more than 6.0MPa, the strength of the hardened concrete at 1d is more than 15.0MPa, the strength of a 28d drill core test piece is more than 40.0MPa, and the spray rebound rate is less than 10%.
Detailed Description
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail. This invention may, however, be embodied in many different forms and should not be construed as limited to the specific embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided to explain the principles of the invention and its practical application so that others skilled in the art will be able to understand the invention for various embodiments and with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.
Hereinafter, an anti-freeze early-strength type shotcrete provided by the present invention will be described by way of specific examples, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the following examples are only specific examples of the shotcrete of the present invention and are not intended to limit the entirety thereof.
The following table 1 shows the components and proportioning parameters of an anti-freezing early-strength type shotcrete material for high altitude and high cold areas provided in examples 1-5;
selection of ground ultra-fine cement in each example: specific surface area 650m 2 Per kg, cement grade 52.5, maximum particle size 0.02mm; selecting coarse aggregate: continuous graded crushed stone with the grain diameter of 5-16mm, crushing index value of 4.2, water absorption rate of 0.6 percent and loose accumulation void ratio of 36.5 percent; fine aggregate selection: natural river sand with fineness modulus of 2.9, mud content of 0.4% and mica content of 0.3%; the initial setting time of the liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator paste at 5 ℃ is less than 5min, the final setting time is less than 12min, and the negative temperature is 18 ℃ below zeroStanding for 28d without crystallization, wherein the pH value is between 3 and 5, and the fluoride ion content is lower than 0.05 percent.
TABLE 1 Components of shotcrete for each Tunnel in examples 1 to 5
Units: kg/cube tunnel sprayed concrete
In the tunnel sprayed concrete, the high-dispersion early strength powder, the liquid composite antifreezing component, the air-entraining foam-stabilizing component and the fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator are key components which can realize the antifreezing early strength performance of the sprayed concrete in high-altitude alpine regions, and the following comparative tests are carried out for verifying the important roles of the components.
Referring to the compositions of the sprayed concretes provided in each of the examples in the above table 1, the following table 2 shows the compositions of each of the comparative sprayed concretes provided in comparative examples 1 to 4.
Table 2 comparative examples 1 to 4 are differences between the components of the comparative shotcrete and the examples
That is, the components of the sprayed concrete provided by the invention, namely, the highly dispersed active powder, the liquid composite antifreeze component, the air entraining and foam stabilizing component and the fluorine-free and alkali-free accelerator, are not used in comparative examples 1 to 4, respectively, and correspondingly, the component configuration schemes of 100% pure silica fume, polyalcohol glycerol, azodicarbonamide air entraining agent and fluorine-containing liquid accelerator described in CN112479621A are adopted for replacement, respectively.
In order to verify that the above examples of the present invention provide the anti-freezing early strength performance of sprayed concrete, test blocks were prepared using the following construction method.
(1) preparing an anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture, namely sequentially adding coarse and fine aggregate, cement, high-dispersion early-strength powder, water and other materials into a forced horizontal mixer according to the mixing ratio of the sprayed concrete in the table 1, stirring for 90 seconds, adding a liquid composite anti-freezing component and a low-pressure air-entraining foam-stabilizing component, and continuously stirring for 60 seconds to obtain the anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture;
(2) Surrounding rock surface treatment before sprayed concrete construction: alternately flushing the sprayed surrounding rock surface and loose broken stones or clay substances of the tunnel by adopting air pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa and high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃, sequentially erecting a grid arch frame and a prestress expansion shell type anchor rod, flushing the arch frame and the rock surface by using the high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃ again, and ensuring that the temperature of the sprayed rock surface is higher than 30 ℃;
(3) And (3) spray concrete construction: loading a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator into an accelerator pipeline in wet spraying equipment, and additionally installing a heating unit on a spraying pipeline device to ensure that the spraying temperature of the liquid accelerator is higher than 30 ℃; loading the antifreeze early-strength type sprayed concrete mixture obtained in the step (1), mixing the antifreeze early-strength type sprayed concrete mixture with an accelerator at a nozzle, spraying the mixture to a rock surface, and controlling the spraying parameter with the spraying distance of 0.8-1.5m and the primary spraying thickness of 75-120mm to reach the spraying design thickness.
(4) Curing after spraying construction: after S2 spraying is completed, covering sprayed concrete by adopting double-layer geotextile, and then sprinkling water for curing for 48 hours, wherein the water temperature is not lower than 25 ℃.
Meanwhile, the comparative shotcrete of each of comparative examples 1 to 4 was also prepared into comparative test pieces by the same construction method.
The above examples 1 to 5 and comparative examples 1 to 4 were sprayed, and at the same time, wet spraying was used to form the number and size of test blocks required for mechanical properties, freezing resistance tests and other tests, with reference to annex L in GBT 50086-2015 technical Specification for support engineering for rock and soil Anchor and shotcrete. The freeze-thawing resistance such as freeze-thawing cycle times, freeze-thawing quality loss and the like of sprayed concrete are evaluated by referring to a freeze-thawing test-quick freezing method in GBT50082-2009 test method for long-term performance and durability of ordinary concrete; the method comprises the steps of evaluating the air content and the air bubble loss of an sprayed concrete mixture with reference to a GBT50080-2016 common concrete mixture performance test method standard, wherein a test environment is selected from a tunnel work area with an altitude above 4000 m in Sichuan Gaizhou, the atmospheric pressure is 60.4kPa, and the temperature of the work area is below 10 ℃; and analyzing the bubble parameters such as the bubble content, the bubble spacing coefficient and the like of the hardened concrete in the hardened sprayed concrete by referring to the bubble parameter test of the hardened concrete in the hydraulic concrete test procedure SL 352-2006. The strength of the sprayed concrete test piece in the curing environment at-5 ℃ is tested by referring to GBT 50081-2019 'test method for physical and mechanical properties of concrete'.
The results of the performance tests of the shotcrete in examples 1 to 5 and the comparative shotcrete in comparative examples 1 to 4 are shown in the following table 3.
Table 3 results of Performance test of the shotcrete in examples 1 to 5 and the comparative shotcrete in comparative examples 1 to 4
The components of the sprayed concrete provided by the invention, namely the high-dispersion active powder, the liquid composite antifreezing component, the air entraining and foam stabilizing component and the fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator, are not used in comparative examples 1 to 4, and correspondingly, 100% of pure silica fume, polyalcohol glycerol, azodicarbonamide air entraining agent and the fluorine-containing liquid accelerator described in CN112479621A are respectively adopted for replacing the components.
As shown by the performance test results in Table 3, compared with comparative examples 1-4, the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete has 6h compressive strength under a negative temperature environment, is more than 6.0MPa, has 1d compressive strength of more than 15.0MPa, has a core drilling strength of more than 40.0MPa at a temperature of-10 ℃ of a solid body, has an antifreeze cycle number of more than F300, has a freeze thawing damage quality of less than 1.0%, has a bubble spacing coefficient of less than 150mm, has a spray rebound rate of less than 10%, and can better improve the problems of slow setting and hardening of sprayed concrete under high-altitude and high-cold environments, higher construction rebound rate, difficult and unstable air entraining under low-pressure environments, weaker antifreeze damage capability and the like. The comparative sprayed concrete prepared by pure silica fume in comparative example 1 has the 6h strength of only 2.3MPa, which is obviously lower than the sprayed concrete prepared by high-dispersion early strength powder under the same mixing amount, and the effect of the high-dispersion early strength powder on promoting the early strength of the sprayed concrete in the negative temperature environment in the hour is better than that of the silica fume admixture with higher price; the comparative example 2 adopts the polyalcohol glycerol substance to improve the low-temperature antifreezing property of the sprayed concrete, but obviously causes the strength of the sprayed concrete to be reduced to 4.1MPa for 6 hours, and the freeze thawing mass loss rate is 2.7 percent, which is obviously higher than that of the sprayed concrete prepared by adopting the liquid composite antifreezing component under the same mixing amount, so that the liquid composite antifreezing component has no adverse effect on the early strength while improving the freeze thawing damage performance of the sprayed concrete under the negative temperature environment, which is superior to the conventional polyalcohol antifreezing agent sold in the market; in the comparative example 3, the azodicarbonamide air entraining agent is adopted to improve the air bubble performance of the sprayed concrete mixture in the high-altitude low-pressure environment, so that the frost resistance of the sprayed concrete mixture is improved, but the 1h air bubble of the sprayed concrete mixture has large loss with time and large negative influence on the hour strength, the comprehensive performance is obviously inferior to that of the air entraining and air stabilizing component in the same mixing amount, and the introduction and the stabilization of the air entraining and air stabilizing component to the air bubble of the sprayed concrete mixture under the low-pressure environment are superior to those of a single air entraining agent; the early-hour strength of the sprayed concrete prepared by adopting the fluorine-containing liquid accelerator described in CN112479621A in comparative example 4 is obviously lower than that of the sprayed concrete prepared by adopting the fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator, and the compressive strength of the sprayed concrete in 6 hours is only 1.8MPa, which proves that the early-hour strength of the sprayed concrete prepared by adopting the fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator is better than that of the fluorine-containing alkali-free accelerator.
While the invention has been shown and described with reference to certain embodiments, those skilled in the art will appreciate that: various changes in form and details may be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (10)
1. The freezing-resistant early-strength sprayed concrete for the alpine region of the sea level is characterized by comprising a cementing material, coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, a low-pressure air-entraining and foam-stabilizing component, a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator, a liquid composite freezing-proof component and water, wherein the contents of the components are calculated according to each cubic sprayed concrete:
the dosage of the liquid composite antifreezing component accounts for 1-5% of the mass of the cementing material,
the water-gel ratio is 0.36-0.40;
the cementing material consists of 75-85% of cement by mass fraction and 15-25% of high-dispersion early-strength powder by mass fraction;
the cement strength grade is not lower than 42.5;
the liquid composite antifreezing component consists of an antifreezing component, aluminum alkoxide, alkanolamine and water;
the low-pressure air-entraining and foam-stabilizing component is a mixture of an air-entraining agent and a foam-stabilizing agent.
2. The freezing-resistant early-strength sprayed concrete for the alpine region of the sea level according to claim 1, wherein the high-dispersion early-strength powder is a mixture of ground superfine cement, calcined calcium magnesium clinker, inorganic aluminum compound and powder dispersing agent, and the mass ratio of the ground superfine cement to the calcined calcium magnesium clinker to the inorganic aluminum compound is 1:0.2 to 0.5:0.05 to 0.15 percent, and the powder dispersing agent accounts for 0.5 to 1.5 percent of the sum of the mass of the other three components.
3. The anti-freezing early-strength type shotcrete for the alpine region of the sea level, according to claim 1, is characterized in that the solid content of the liquid composite anti-freezing component is 25-35%, and the mass ratio of the anti-freezing component, aluminum alkoxide and alkanolamine in the liquid composite anti-freezing component is 1:0.2 to 0.5:0.1 to 0.5;
the mass ratio of the air entraining agent to the foam stabilizing agent in the low-pressure air entraining and foam stabilizing component is 1:0.2-0.5.
4. The freezing-resistant early-strength sprayed concrete for the alpine region of the sea level according to claim 2, wherein the freezing-resistant component is any one selected from sodium thiocyanate, potassium thiocyanate, calcium nitrite and urea; the aluminum alkoxide is any one of aluminum ethoxide, aluminum tert-butoxide and aluminum isopropoxide; the alkanolamine is any one selected from diethanolamine, triethanolamine and triisopropanolamine.
5. The anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete for the alpine region of the sea level according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the coarse aggregate is continuous graded broken stone with the grain diameter of 5-16mm, the crushing index value is less than 5%, the water absorption rate is less than 1%, and the loose accumulation void ratio is less than 40%;
the fine aggregate is natural river sand, the fineness modulus is 2.7-3.2, the mud content is less than 1%, and the mica content is less than 0.5%;
the cement is selected from any one of ordinary Portland cement, portland cement and composite Portland cement;
the liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator has the advantages that the initial setting time of the clean slurry at the temperature of 5 ℃ is less than 5min, the final setting time is less than 12min, the liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator is left for 28 days at the negative temperature of 18 ℃ below zero for no crystallization, the pH value is between 3 and 5, and the fluorine ion content is lower than 0.05 percent.
6. The freezing-resistant early-strength sprayed concrete for high-cold areas of the sea level according to claim 2, wherein the specific surface area of the ground superfine cement in the high-dispersion early-strength powder is more than 600m 2 The cement grade is 52.5, and the maximum grain diameter is not more than 0.045mm;
the calcined calcium magnesium clinker is calcined calcium oxide or calcined magnesium oxide, wherein the mass fraction of the magnesium oxide or the calcium oxide is more than 92%, and the screen residue of square holes with the diameter of 1.18mm is less than 0.5%;
the inorganic aluminum compound is selected from any one of aluminum hydroxide, aluminum nitrate, aluminum sulfate, aluminum oxalate, aluminum dihydrogen phosphate and amorphous calcium aluminate;
the powder dispersing agent is a powder polycarboxylate water reducer, the water reducing rate is more than 30%, and the specific surface area is more than 350m 2 /kg。
7. The freezing-resistant early-strength type shotcrete for high and cold areas of the sea level according to claim 3, wherein the preparation method of the liquid composite freezing-proof component comprises the following steps:
(1) Mixing the antifreezing component with water, stirring and dissolving for 1.5h at 45-60 ℃ to obtain a clear solution;
(2) Slowly adding aluminum alkoxide particles into the solution obtained in the step (1), controlling the charging time to be 1.0h, dripping alkanolamine after the aluminum alkoxide is dissolved at the reaction temperature of 55-65 ℃ for 20-30 min, and finally obtaining a light yellow clear solution, namely the liquid composite antifreezing component.
8. The anti-freezing early-strength shotcrete for high and cold areas of the sea level according to claim 2, wherein the air entraining agent in the low air pressure air entraining and foam stabilizing component is alkyl polyether sulfate;
the foam stabilizer is alkyl amine oxide or alkyl betaine.
9. The anti-freezing early-strength shotcrete for alpine regions of the sea level according to claim 2, wherein the air entraining agent is sodium dodecyl alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate or sodium fatty acid alcohol polyoxyethylene ether sulfate;
the foam stabilizer is selected from any one of dodecyl dimethyl amine oxide, octadecyl dimethyl amine oxide and dodecyl dimethyl betaine.
10. The method for using the anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete for the alpine region of the sea according to any one of claims 1 to 9, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Preparation of an anti-freezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture: sequentially adding coarse aggregate, fine aggregate, cement, high-dispersion early-strength powder and water into a forced horizontal mixer, stirring for 90s, adding a liquid composite antifreezing component and a low-pressure air-entraining foam-stabilizing component, and continuously stirring for 60s to obtain an antifreezing early-strength sprayed concrete mixture;
(2) Surrounding rock surface treatment before sprayed concrete construction: alternately flushing the sprayed surrounding rock surface and loose broken stones or clay substances of the tunnel by adopting air pressure of 0.6-1.0MPa and high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃, sequentially erecting a grid arch frame and a prestress expansion shell type anchor rod, flushing the arch frame and the rock surface by using the high-pressure water of 30-50 ℃ again, and ensuring that the temperature of the sprayed surrounding rock surface is higher than 30 ℃;
(3) And (3) construction of sprayed concrete: loading a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator into an accelerator pipeline in wet spraying equipment, and additionally installing a heating unit on a spraying pipeline device to ensure that the spraying temperature of the liquid accelerator is higher than 30 ℃; loading the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete mixture obtained in the step (1), mixing the antifreeze early-strength sprayed concrete mixture with a liquid fluorine-free alkali-free accelerator at a nozzle, spraying the mixture onto a surrounding rock surface, and controlling the spraying parameter to reach the spraying design thickness under the control of the spraying parameter with the spraying distance of 0.8-1.5m and the primary spraying thickness of 75-120 mm;
(4) Curing after spraying construction: and (3) after the spraying in the step (3) is finished, covering the sprayed concrete by adopting double-layer geotextile, and then spraying water for maintenance for 48 hours, wherein the water temperature is not lower than 25 ℃.
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