CN116038373A - Speed reducer shell machining tool and machining process thereof - Google Patents
Speed reducer shell machining tool and machining process thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116038373A CN116038373A CN202211645115.7A CN202211645115A CN116038373A CN 116038373 A CN116038373 A CN 116038373A CN 202211645115 A CN202211645115 A CN 202211645115A CN 116038373 A CN116038373 A CN 116038373A
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- annular plate
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q3/00—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine
- B23Q3/02—Devices holding, supporting, or positioning work or tools, of a kind normally removable from the machine for mounting on a work-table, tool-slide, or analogous part
- B23Q3/06—Work-clamping means
- B23Q3/062—Work-clamping means adapted for holding workpieces having a special form or being made from a special material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
- B23P15/14—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass gear parts, e.g. gear wheels
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Abstract
The application relates to the field of machining of speed reducer shells, and particularly discloses a speed reducer shell machining tool and a machining process thereof, wherein the speed reducer shell machining tool comprises a base, a clamping mechanism, a pressing assembly and a supporting assembly; the base is provided with a containing groove for containing a blank of the shell of the speed reducer; the clamping mechanisms are arranged on the base and used for limiting the axial and radial movements of the annular plates, or used for limiting the radial movements of the annular plates, and a plurality of groups of clamping mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plates; the compressing assembly is detachably arranged on the base and used for limiting the movement of the annular plate in the axial direction; the support component is arranged on the base and used for supporting the end face of the annular plate. The annular plate end face machining device has the effect of improving annular plate end face machining efficiency.
Description
Technical Field
The application relates to the field of machining of speed reducer shells, in particular to a speed reducer shell machining tool and a speed reducer shell machining process.
Background
The reducer casing is a casing for accommodating components such as gears and bearings in the reducer, and is usually formed by casting or forging.
In the related art, referring to fig. 1 and 2, a machining of a planetary gear reducer casing includes two stages of forging and machining, a blank is forged to form a reducer casing blank 5, the reducer casing blank 5 includes a first mounting post 51, an annular plate 52 and a second mounting post 53, the three are coaxial, the annular plate 52 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the first mounting post 51, and the second mounting post 53 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the annular plate 52; when the machining of the blank 5 of the speed reducer housing is finished, a finished speed reducer housing is formed, a first bearing hole 54, a middle hole 55 and a sealing ring mounting hole 56 are machined in the first mounting column 51, a second bearing hole 57 is machined in the second mounting column 53, and the finish machining of the two end faces of the annular plate 52 is finished; good coaxiality needs to be ensured between the first bearing hole 54 and the second bearing hole 57, and good perpendicularity needs to be ensured between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the two end surfaces of the annular plate 52; when working a gear housing blank, a worker generally adopts a numerical control machining center, and when working the gear housing blank, the worker needs to clamp the gear housing blank 5 by using a machining tool to finish the machining.
With respect to the related art in the above, the inventors consider that there are the following drawbacks: because the processing of the first bearing hole, the second bearing hole and the end face of the annular plate are in different processing procedures, when a processing staff processes the blank of the shell of the speed reducer, the processing flows of the different procedures are transferred to processing machine tools of the different procedures for processing, or when the processing is carried out on the same machine tool, the different processing tools are used in the different procedures, so that the annular plate can move; because the first bearing hole is required to be directly or indirectly used as a processing reference when two end faces of the annular plate are processed, when the annular plate is active, the position of the processing reference on a machine tool is moved, so that the processing reference is required to be found again when the end faces of the annular plate are processed later, and the processing efficiency of the end faces of the annular plate is lower.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to improve the machining efficiency of annular plate end face, the application provides a processing tool and processing technology of a speed reducer shell.
The first aspect of the application provides a speed reducer housing processing frock adopts following technical scheme:
a processing tool for a speed reducer shell comprises a base, a clamping mechanism, a pressing assembly and a supporting assembly; the base is provided with a containing groove for containing a blank of the shell of the speed reducer; the clamping mechanisms are arranged on the base and used for limiting the axial and radial movements of the annular plates, or used for limiting the radial movements of the annular plates, and a plurality of groups of clamping mechanisms are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plates; the compressing assembly is detachably arranged on the base and used for limiting the movement of the annular plate in the axial direction; the support component is arranged on the base and used for supporting the end face of the annular plate.
By adopting the technical scheme, when working staff carries out processing on the shell blank of the speed reducer, firstly, the shell blank of the speed reducer is placed into the accommodating groove, the supporting component supports the shell blank of the speed reducer, the first connecting column faces upwards, then the clamping mechanism is used for clamping the axial direction and the radial direction of the annular plate, the upper end face and the side face of the first mounting column are subjected to rough processing, the side face of the first mounting column is used as a rough reference, the center of a first bearing hole is determined, the first bearing hole is roughly processed, the center of a drilling hole is determined by taking the first bearing hole as a reference, and the through hole penetrates through the first mounting column and the second mounting column; sequentially rough machining a middle hole and a sealing ring mounting hole, sequentially finish machining a first bearing hole, the middle hole and the sealing ring mounting hole, extending a pressing assembly into the through hole, mounting the pressing assembly on a base, clamping the axial direction of the annular plate by using the pressing assembly, then releasing the clamping mechanism from clamping the axial direction of the annular plate, clamping the radial direction of the annular plate by using the clamping mechanism, and sequentially rough and finish machining the end face of the annular plate by taking the first bearing hole as a reference;
then, turning over the annular plate, clamping the other end face of the annular plate by using a clamping mechanism, sequentially coarsely and finely machining a second bearing hole by taking a middle hole as a reference, extending a pressing assembly into the middle hole, mounting the pressing assembly on a base, then releasing the clamping mechanism to axially clamp the annular plate, clamping the radial direction of the annular plate by using the clamping mechanism, and sequentially coarsely and finely machining the end face of the annular plate by taking the middle hole as a reference.
In summary, when working the two end faces of the annular plate, the worker uses the pressing component to complete the axial clamping of the annular plate and precompact the annular plate, then the clamping effect of the clamping mechanism on the annular plate is released, and meanwhile, the clamping mechanism is used to complete the radial clamping of the annular plate, in the whole process, the annular plate is not moved, the working reference is not moved, the worker does not need to find the working reference again, and the working efficiency of the end face of the annular plate is improved; in addition, since the processing reference is not moved, the perpendicularity between the first bearing hole axis and the annular plate end face can be improved when the annular plate end face is processed.
Optionally, the clamping mechanism comprises a pull rod, a pressing claw, a driving assembly and a pressing assembly; the pull rod is connected to the base in a sliding manner, the sliding direction of the pull rod is intersected with the top surface of the base, the pressing claw is connected to the top of the pull rod in a rotating manner, the rotating axis of the pressing claw is parallel to the end surface of the annular plate, and the sliding direction of the pressing claw is along the direction facing or far away from the annular plate; the driving assembly is arranged on the pressing claw so as to drive one side of the pressing claw away from the annular plate to be away from or close to the base; the compression assembly is arranged on the pull rod, when the pull rod moves, the pull rod drives the compression assembly to clamp the first mounting column or the second mounting column, and when the compression assembly clamps the first mounting column or the second mounting column, the compression assembly limits the movement of the pull rod.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the staff uses clamping mechanism to press from both sides tight to the speed reducer shell blank, use the drive assembly to drive the side that the claw was kept away from the annular plate and keep away from the base, the claw is close to one side that the annular plate compresses tightly the annular plate, in the claw compresses tightly the annular plate the in-process, the clamping jaw drives the pull rod to the top motion of base, the pull rod drives clamping assembly and presss from both sides tightly the second erection column, after clamping assembly presss from both sides tight second erection column, the pull rod stops moving, the driving piece continues to drive the claw motion and makes the claw compress tightly on the annular plate; the second mounting column can be compressed when the annular plate is compressed in the process of compressing the annular plate, so that the clamping of the shell blank of the speed reducer is efficient and firm.
Optionally, the clamping assembly comprises a linkage rod and a clamping jaw; the linkage rod is fixedly connected to the pull rod, the linkage rod is connected to the base in a sliding manner, and the sliding direction of the linkage rod is parallel to the sliding direction of the pull rod; clamping jaw sliding connection is in on the base and the direction of slip direction along being directed towards or keeping away from first erection column axis, the gangbar is close to one side slope setting of clamping jaw, the cross-sectional area of gangbar is along being close to the direction of pressing the claw reduces gradually, the clamping jaw be close to one side of gangbar with the laminating of the slope side of gangbar.
By adopting the technical scheme, when a worker uses the driving piece to drive the clamping jaw to move, the clamping jaw drives the pull rod to move towards the top of the base, the pull rod drives the linkage rod to move towards the top of the base, the clamping jaw moves close to the second mounting column under the abutting action of the inclined plane of the linkage rod, when the pressing jaw abuts on the second mounting column, the movement of the linkage rod is limited by the pressing jaw, and then the movement of the pull rod is limited, and at the moment, the driving assembly is continuously used to drive the pressing jaw to press on the annular plate; because the gangbar and the clamping jaw support are abutted through the inclined plane, the gangbar is propped against the clamping jaw, and simultaneously, larger friction force exists between the clamping jaw and the gangbar, so that the propping effect of the clamping jaw is better, and the movable clamping jaw is not easy to generate in the processing process.
Optionally, the clamping jaw is kept away from one side of gangbar has seted up the opening, opening direction orientation speed reducer housing blank, the opposite both sides wall of opening is decides the contained angle setting.
By adopting the technical scheme, under the action of the notch, the contact area of the clamping jaw and the speed reducer shell is increased, and the damage of the clamping jaw to the surface of the speed reducer shell blank is reduced; in addition, the notch can adapt to the first connecting column and the second mounting column with different diameters.
Optionally, the compression assembly includes a pull post and a compression plate; one end of the pull column extends into the blank of the speed reducer shell and is connected to the base through threads, and the pressing plate is connected to the other end of the pull column in an anti-falling mode; the pressing plate is abutted against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole or the second bearing hole.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when the staff uses the subassembly that compresses tightly the speed reducer shell blank, will draw in the one end of post stretches into the through-hole, then twists the screw rod and makes the clamp plate compress tightly on the diapire in first bearing hole or second bearing hole, simple structure, and the operation is comparatively convenient and fast.
Optionally, the base corresponds to the position department of drawing the post has seted up the screw hole, it is provided with the bits box to connect to slide on the base, connect the slip direction of bits box along the orientation or keep away from the direction of screw hole.
By adopting the technical scheme, when a worker carries out the processing work of the first bearing hole, the middle hole and the second bearing hole, the scrap receiving box is slid to be positioned above the threaded hole, scrap iron generated in the processing process falls into the scrap receiving box, and the scrap receiving box is pulled out after the processing is finished; on one hand, the blockage of the cutting chip to the threaded hole in the machining process is reduced, and on the other hand, the cleaning of the cutting chip is facilitated.
Optionally, a placement groove for accommodating the pull rod and the pressing plate is formed in the base.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, when staff is not suitable for pull rod and clamp plate, place pull rod and clamp plate in the standing groove, made things convenient for the deposit of pull rod and clamp plate.
Optionally, the support assembly comprises a plurality of contour blocks; the equal-height blocks are arranged on the base, a plurality of equal-height blocks are distributed along the circumferential direction of the annular plate at intervals, and the top surfaces of the equal-height blocks are flush.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, the top surface parallel and level of a plurality of contour blocks, after the speed reducer shell blank turns over, a plurality of contour blocks support the annular slab terminal surface that has finished for the axis direction in centre bore still can be better keep, and then makes the maintenance of benchmark comparatively good, makes the precision of the second bearing hole in later stage and the other terminal surface of annular slab guarantee more easily.
Optionally, the contour blocks are detachably connected to the base.
Through adopting above-mentioned technical scheme, after the contour block uses a period of wearing and tearing, the contour block can be changed, has prolonged the life of speed reducer shell processing frock.
The processing technology of the speed reducer shell provided in the second aspect of the application adopts the following technical scheme:
a processing technology of a speed reducer shell is based on the speed reducer shell processing tool, and comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a blank: cutting a round steel section bar or a square steel section bar with proper length;
s2, heating the blank: heating the cut section bar to 1000-1500 ℃ to soften the blank;
s3, die forging and heat treatment: forging the blank to form a blank of the shell of the speed reducer, and performing heat treatment to reduce internal stress;
s4, preliminary clamping: the base is fixedly connected to a workbench of processing equipment, a blank piece of the shell of the speed reducer is placed into the accommodating groove, the pressing claw is pulled to enable the pressing claw to be abutted to the annular plate, then the driving assembly is used for driving the pressing claw to be pressed on the annular plate, and meanwhile the clamping claw is clamped on the second mounting column;
s5, rough machining: rough milling is carried out on the top surface and the side surface of the first mounting column, the side surface of the processed first mounting column is used as a reference, the center of a first bearing hole is determined, the first bearing hole is roughly processed, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
determining a drilling center by taking the roughly milled first bearing hole as a reference, drilling a through hole, penetrating the first mounting column and the second mounting column through the through hole, roughly milling an intermediate hole, and reserving a certain aperture allowance;
the center of a seal ring mounting hole is determined by taking the roughly milled first bearing hole as a reference, the seal ring mounting hole is roughly milled, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
s6, finish machining: finish milling is carried out on the first bearing hole, then the finish milling is carried out on the middle hole and the sealing ring mounting hole in sequence by taking the finish-milled first bearing hole as a reference, so that the coaxiality of the first bearing hole and the middle hole is ensured;
s7, rough and fine machining of the end face of the annular plate: the pull column is connected to the base through threads, so that the pressing plate is pressed on the bottom wall of the first bearing hole, the jacking action of the driving assembly is relieved, the pressing claw is pulled away from the annular plate, and the clamping assembly clamps the second mounting column;
sequentially rough and finish machining the end face of the annular plate by taking the first bearing hole as a reference, so that the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate and the axis of the first bearing hole is ensured;
s8, turning over: removing the pull column, overturning a shell blank of the speed reducer, pressing the annular plate by using the pressing claw, and sequentially roughly and finely machining a second bearing hole by taking the middle hole as a reference, so that the coaxiality of the second bearing hole and the first bearing hole is ensured, and the verticality of the end surface of the annular plate and the axis of the first bearing hole is ensured;
and installing a pull-up column, relieving the compression effect of the compression claw, pulling the compression claw away from the annular plate, and enabling the clamping assembly to clamp the first installation column, and sequentially roughly and finely machining the other end face of the annular plate.
In summary, the present application includes at least one of the following beneficial technical effects:
1. through setting up base, clamping mechanism, hold-down subassembly and supporting component, the staff is when handling two terminal surfaces of annular plate, uses hold-down subassembly to accomplish the axial clamp to annular plate and to precompact the annular plate simultaneously, then just release clamping mechanism's clamping action to annular plate, simultaneously uses clamping mechanism to accomplish the radial clamp to annular plate again, and in the whole process, annular plate does not move, and the benchmark of processing does not move, and the staff need to find the processing benchmark again, has improved the machining efficiency of annular plate terminal surface;
2. by arranging the pull rod, the pressing claw, the driving assembly and the pressing assembly, a worker can clamp the axial direction of the annular plate and simultaneously clamp the annular plate in the radial direction, so that the clamping of the shell blank of the speed reducer is more efficient and firm;
3. through setting up a plurality of contour blocks, and the top surface parallel and level of a plurality of contour blocks, after the speed reducer shell blank turns over the activity, a plurality of contour blocks support the annular slab terminal surface that has finished for the axis direction in centre bore still can be better keep, and then makes the maintenance of benchmark comparatively good, makes the precision of the second bearing hole in later stage and the other terminal surface of annular slab guarantee more easily.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a related art speed reducer casing blank;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a finished speed reducer housing in the related art;
fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of a processing tool for a housing of a speed reducer in an embodiment of the application;
FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a first bearing hole, a middle hole and a seal ring mounting hole being processed in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a base in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 6 is an exploded view of the attachment of the jack assembly to the base in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the structure of the pressing claw in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 8 is a schematic view showing a state in which an upper end face of an annular plate is processed in the embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 9 is a schematic illustration of the connection between the medium high block and the base in an embodiment of the present application;
FIG. 10 is a schematic view showing a state in which a second bearing hole is processed in the embodiment of the present application;
fig. 11 is a schematic view showing a state in which the other end face of the annular plate is processed after the second bearing hole is processed in the embodiment of the present application.
Reference numerals: 1. a base; 11. a receiving groove; 12. a first sliding hole; 13. a second sliding hole; 14. a threaded hole; 15. a chip receiving box; 16. a placement groove; 2. a clamping mechanism; 21. a pull rod; 211. a connecting rod; 22. a pressing claw; 221. a slit hole; 23. a drive assembly; 231. a stud; 232. a top block; 233. a driving rod; 24. a clamping assembly; 241. a linkage rod; 242. a clamping jaw; 2421. a notch; 3. a compression assembly; 31. pulling a column; 32. a pressing plate; 4. a support assembly; 41. a contour block; 5. speed reducer shell blank; 51. a first mounting post; 52. an annular plate; 53. a second mounting post; 54. a first bearing hole; 55. a middle hole; 56. a seal ring mounting hole; 57. a second bearing hole; 58. and a through hole.
Detailed Description
The present application is described in further detail below in conjunction with figures 3-11.
The embodiment of the application discloses a processing tool and a processing technology for a speed reducer shell.
Referring to fig. 3 and 4, the processing tool for the speed reducer shell and the processing technology thereof comprise a base 1, a clamping mechanism 2, a compressing assembly 3 and a supporting assembly 4; the middle part of the top of the base 1 is provided with a containing groove 11 for placing a speed reducer shell blank 5, the clamping mechanism 2 is arranged on the base 1 and is positioned in the containing groove 11, and a plurality of groups of clamping mechanisms 2 are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate 52 and used for limiting the axial and radial movement of the annular plate 52; the pressing component 3 is detachably arranged on the base 1 and used for limiting the movement of the first mounting column 51 or the second mounting column 53 in the axial direction; the support assembly 4 is provided on the base 1 for supporting an end face of the annular plate 52.
When working the blank 5 of the reducer casing, the worker fixedly connects the base 1 to the workbench of the numerical control machining center, and first processes the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55 and the seal ring mounting hole 56 on the first mounting column 51, and clamps the annular plate 52 and the second mounting column 53 at this time.
With reference to fig. 3 and 4, in the embodiment of the present application, two sets of clamping mechanisms 2 are provided, and in other embodiments, three sets, four sets, or more of clamping mechanisms 2 may be provided; specifically, the clamping mechanism 2 includes a pull rod 21, a pressing claw 22, a driving assembly 23, and a clamping assembly 24; the pull rod 21 and the driving assembly 23 cooperate to press the clamping jaw 242 towards the end face of the annular plate 52, and in the process of movement of the pressing jaw 22, the pull rod 21 drives the clamping assembly 24 to clamp the second mounting post 53, when the clamping assembly 24 clamps the second mounting post 53, the pull rod 21 stops moving, and the driving assembly 23 drives the pressing jaw 22 to press the end face of the annular plate 52.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, two first sliding holes 12 are formed in the top of the base 1, the two first sliding holes 12 are located at two sides of the accommodating groove 11, and the extending direction of the first sliding holes 12 is along the vertical direction; the pull rod 21 is connected to the base 1 in a sliding manner along the vertical direction through the first sliding hole 12; the top fixedly connected with along horizontal direction's connecting rod 211, the rectangular hole 221 of pressing claw 22 adaptation is seted up at the middle part of pressing claw 22, two tip of rectangular hole 221 are stretched out respectively to the both ends of connecting rod 211, the length direction of rectangular hole 221 is along the length direction of pressing claw 22, pressing claw 22 can slide along the extending direction of rectangular hole 221 through the cooperation of rectangular hole 221 and connecting rod 211, can rotate around the axis of connecting rod 211 again, drive assembly 23 sets up on base 1 and corresponds with the one side that pressing claw 22 kept away from annular plate 52, drive assembly 23 is used for keeping away from annular plate 52 to pressing claw 22 one side to rise or descend.
When a worker presses the end face of the annular plate 52 with the pressing claw 22, the driving assembly 23 is used to drive the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to descend, and then one end of the pressing claw 22 is pulled in the extending direction of the elongated hole 221 to be located above the annular plate 52; next, the driving assembly 23 is used for pushing the pressing claw 22 to ascend away from one side of the annular plate 52, the pressing claw 22 pulls the pull rod 21 to move upwards through the connecting rod 211, the connecting rod 211 drives the clamping assembly 24 to clamp the second mounting post 53, and when the clamping assembly 24 clamps the second mounting post 53, the ascending of the pull rod 21 is limited; at this time, the driving assembly 23 continues to drive the side, away from the annular plate 52, of the pressing claw 22 to ascend, and the side, close to the annular plate 52, of the pressing claw 22 descends until the pressing action of the driving assembly 23 is stopped against the annular plate 52; when the worker releases the pressing action of the pressing claw 22, the driving unit 23 is used to drive the side of the pressing claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 to descend, and the side of the pressing claw 22 close to the annular plate 52 to ascend, so that the clamping action of the clamping unit 24 is released.
Referring to fig. 4 and 6, the driving assembly 23 includes a stud 231, a top block 232, and a driving rod 233; the stud 231 is positioned on one side of the pressing claw 22, the bottom end of the stud 231 is connected to the base 1 through threads, and two planes are arranged on the side wall of the top end of the stud 231; one side of the jacking block 232 close to the stud 231 is sleeved at the top end of the stud 231, and the driving rod 233 is fixedly connected to one side of the jacking block 232 close to the pressing claw 22 and extends into the strip hole 221; when a worker uses the driving assembly 23 to drive the pressing claw 22 to move, the top end of the stud 231 is screwed by using a wrench, and when the top end of the stud 231 is lifted, the driving rod 233 is lifted, thereby driving the pressing claw 22 to lift away from the side of the annular plate 52; when the worker screws the stud 231 in the opposite direction, the tip of the stud 231 descends, and the side of the presser claw 22 away from the annular plate 52 descends under the action of gravity, and the presser claw 22 presses the tie rod 21 to descend.
It should be noted that, in the embodiment of the present application, when the pressing claw 22 presses the annular plate 52, the distance from the end of the pressing claw 22, which is far away from the annular plate 52, to the connecting rod 211 is greater than the distance from the end of the pressing claw 22, which is near the annular plate 52, to the connecting rod 211; according to the lever principle, the vertical distance from the pressing point of the driving rod 233 to the pressing claw 22 to the axis of the connecting rod 211 is larger than the vertical distance from the pressing point of the annular plate 52 to the pressing claw 22 to the axis of the connecting rod 211, so that labor is saved when a worker screws the stud 231.
In other embodiments, the driving assembly 23 may further include an air cylinder and a driving rod 233, wherein the outer shell of the air cylinder is fixedly connected to the base 1, the output shaft of the air cylinder stretches in the vertical direction, and the driving rod 233 is fixedly connected to the end of the output shaft of the air cylinder and stretches into the elongated hole 221; the pressing claw 22 presses the annular plate 52 when the output shaft of the cylinder is extended, and the pressing claw 22 releases the pressing of the annular plate 52 when the output shaft of the cylinder is retracted.
Referring to fig. 4 and 5, the clamping assembly 24 includes a linkage rod 241 and a jaw 242; the linkage rod 241 is fixedly connected to the bottom of the pull rod 21, and the linkage rod 241 is positioned in the first sliding hole 12; a second sliding hole 13 is formed in the base 1 at a position corresponding to the first sliding hole 12, the extending direction of the second sliding hole 13 is along the horizontal direction, and two ends of the second sliding hole 13 are respectively communicated with the first sliding hole 12 and the accommodating groove 11; the clamping jaw 242 is slidably connected to the base 1 through the second sliding hole 13, the sliding direction is along the horizontal direction, one side, close to the clamping jaw 242, of the linkage rod 241 is obliquely arranged, the cross section area of the top of the linkage rod 241 is smaller than that of the bottom of the linkage rod, and one side, close to the linkage rod 241, of the clamping jaw 242 is attached to the oblique side face of the linkage rod 241.
When the worker screws the stud 231 to rise, the clamping jaw 242 drives the pull rod 21 to rise, the pull rod 21 drives the linkage rod 241 to rise, under the abutting action of the inclined surface of the linkage rod 241, the clamping jaw 242 moves close to the second mounting post 53, when the pressing claw 22 abuts on the second mounting post 53, the movement of the linkage rod 241 is limited by the pressing claw 22, and further, the movement of the pull rod 21 is limited, at the moment, the stud 231 is continuously screwed, and the pressing claw 22 is pressed on the annular plate 52; when the worker screws the stud 231 down, the abutting action between the link lever 241 and the holding jaw 242 is eliminated, and the clamping action of the holding jaw 242 on the second mounting post 53 is eliminated.
In other embodiments, the clamping assembly 24 may further include a link with one end hinged to the bottom of the pull rod 21 and the other end hinged to the side of the jaw 242 near the pull rod 21, and a jaw 242; when the clamping jaw 242 does not clamp the second mounting post 53, the connecting rod is in an inclined state and one end connected with the clamping jaw 242 is higher than the other end; when the driving assembly 23 drives the pressing claw 22 to press the annular plate 52, the pull rod 21 is lifted, the end, connected with the pull rod 21, of the connecting rod, and the connecting rod pushes the clamping claw 242 to move close to the second mounting post 53.
Referring to fig. 4 and 7, a gap 2421 is formed on a side, away from the linkage rod 241, of the clamping jaw 242, the gap 2421 is in a V shape overall, the opening direction of the gap 2421 faces the second mounting column 53, an included angle between two opposite side walls of the gap 2421 is an obtuse angle, the opening of the included angle faces the second mounting column 53, and the degrees of the included angle can be 120 degrees, 150 degrees, 170 degrees and other degrees; under the action of the gap 2421, the contact area of the clamping jaw 242 and the speed reducer shell is increased, and the damage of the clamping jaw 242 to the surface of the speed reducer shell blank 5 is reduced; in addition, the gap 2421 can accommodate first and second mounting posts 53 of different diameters.
When working staff processes the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55 and the sealing ring mounting hole 56, referring to fig. 4, the screw bolt 231 is screwed up to enable the pressing claw 22 to press the annular plate 52, the clamping claw 242 clamps the second mounting column 53, the numerical control machining center is used for sequentially processing the first bearing hole 54, the through hole 58 and the middle hole 55, and coaxiality between the first bearing hole 54 and the through hole 58 is ensured by taking the first bearing hole 54 as a reference in the machining process; when the first bearing hole 54 and the intermediate hole 55 are machined, the upper end face of the annular plate 52 needs to be machined, and because the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54 is required to be high, the axis of the first bearing hole 54 needs to be taken as a reference for machining the end face of the annular plate 52, when the compression claw 22 is removed from compressing the end face of the annular plate 52, the speed reducer housing blank 5 needs to be in a compressed state to keep the reference of the first bearing hole 54; referring to fig. 8, before the pressing action of the pressing claw 22 on the annular plate 52 is removed, the pressing assembly 3 is put into the speed reducer housing blank 5 through the first bearing hole 54 and the through hole 58, the pre-clamping of the annular plate 52 is achieved while the limiting of the axial direction movement of the annular plate 52 is achieved, then the pressing claw 22 is removed from pressing the annular plate 52, and then the second mounting post 53 is clamped by the pressing claw 22 and the driving clamping jaw 242 of the pull rod 21 to limit the radial direction movement of the annular plate 52.
Referring to fig. 8, the compressing assembly 3 includes a pull column 31 and a compressing plate 32; one end of the pull column 31 extends into the through hole 58 and is in threaded connection with the base 1, a threaded hole 14 is formed in the position, corresponding to the Yu Lazhu position, of the base 1, a mounting hole is formed in the middle of the pressing plate 32, the other end of the pull column 31 penetrates through the mounting hole and is in threaded connection with a nut, and therefore the pressing plate 32 is connected to the pull column 31 in an anti-falling mode.
When a worker needs to process the upper end face of the annular plate 52, the pressing plate 32 is arranged at one end of the pull column 31, the other end of the pull column 31 is connected to the base 1 in a threaded manner, and then nuts are screwed to enable the pressing plate 32 to be pressed on the bottom wall of the first bearing hole 54, so that pre-clamping of the shell blank 5 of the speed reducer is completed; when the screw bolt 231 is screwed down, the pressing claw 22 is pulled to be separated from the top surface of the annular plate 52, the screw bolt 231 is screwed up along the direction, one side of the pressing claw 22, which is close to the annular plate 52, is abutted against the top of the base 1, and the pull rod 21 is lifted to drive the clamping jaw 242 to clamp the second mounting post 53 so as to limit the movement of the annular plate 52 in the radial direction; after the clamping is completed, the machining of the upper end face of the annular plate 52 is completed with the axis of the first bearing hole 54 as a reference.
Since the through hole 58 is required to be machined in the previous process of machining the upper end surface of the annular plate 52, chips generated when the through hole 58 is machined fall into the screw hole 14, so that the pull column 31 is affected when being mounted on the base 1; to solve this problem, referring to fig. 4, the chip receiving box 15 is slidably connected to the base 1, and the sliding direction of the chip receiving box 15 is in a direction toward or away from the threaded hole 14; when working staff processes the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55 and the through hole 58, pushing the chip receiving box 15 to be positioned above the threaded hole 14, and when the upper end surface of the annular plate 52 needs to be processed, extracting the chip receiving box 15, and installing the pull column 31; on the one hand, the blockage of the thread hole 14 by the cutting scraps in the machining process is reduced, and on the other hand, the cleaning of the cutting scraps is facilitated.
In order to facilitate the prevention of the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 when the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 are not used, the base 1 is provided with a placement groove 16 for accommodating the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32, as shown in fig. 3 and 4.
When the worker finishes the processing of the upper end face of the annular plate 52, the turnover work is required, and the second bearing holes 57 and the other end face of the annular plate 52 are sequentially processed; the coaxiality requirement between the second bearing hole 57 and the first bearing hole 54 is higher, so that after the turning work is required, the parallelism between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the Z axis of the numerical control machining center is required to be ensured, and the parallelism between the axis of the first bearing hole 54 and the Z axis of the numerical control machining center is indirectly ensured after the parallelism between the end surface of the machined annular plate 52 and the X axis of the numerical control machining center is ensured due to the higher verticality between the upper end surface of the machined annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54; in view of the above, the support assembly 4 needs to ensure parallelism between the end face of the processed annular plate 52 and the X axis of the processing center when supporting the end face of the processed annular plate 52.
Referring to fig. 9, the support assembly 4 includes a plurality of contour blocks 41, in this embodiment, three contour blocks 41 are uniformly spaced along the circumferential direction of the accommodating groove 11, and in other embodiments, four, five, etc. contour blocks 41 may be provided, so as to achieve stable support for the annular plate 52, and the contour blocks 41 are disposed on the base 1, and top surfaces of the three contour blocks 41 are flush; in this application, in order to ensure the coplanarity accuracy of the top surfaces of the three contour blocks 41, in the process of actual use, after the base 1 is fixedly connected to the workbench of the numerical control machining center, the numerical control machining center is used to machine the three contour blocks 41, and because the machining of the three contour blocks is completed by one-step machining, the coplanarity accuracy is higher, and meanwhile, the parallelism between the top surfaces and the X axis of the numerical control machining center is higher.
After the worker turns over, referring to fig. 10, the processed end face of the annular plate 52 is placed on the three contour blocks 41, then the stud 231 is screwed up to complete the clamping work of the pressing claw 22 and the clamping jaw 242, the through hole 58 is gradually reamed, and after the diameter of the through hole 58 is larger than that of the middle hole 55, the second bearing hole 57 is processed by taking the axis of the middle hole 55 as a processing reference; referring to fig. 11, next, the pre-clamping of the speed reducer housing blank 5 is completed by using the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32, the screw bolt 231 is screwed down, the pressing of the pressing claw 22 is released, the pressing claw 22 is made to abut against the top of the base 1, the screw bolt 231 is screwed up to complete the clamping jaw 242, and the second bearing hole 57 is used as a machining reference, so that the machining of the other end face of the annular plate 52 is completed.
In the use process, the contour blocks 41 are damaged to a certain extent, and in order to facilitate replacement of the contour blocks 41, referring to fig. 9, the contour blocks 41 are detachably connected to the base 1 by screws.
The embodiment of the application also discloses a processing technology of the speed reducer shell, which is based on the processing tool of the speed reducer shell and comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a blank: cutting round steel sections or square steel sections with proper lengths by using a band sawing machine;
s2, heating the blank: heating the cut section bar to 1000-1500 ℃ by using a heating furnace to soften the blank;
s3, die forging and heat treatment: forging the blank to form a blank 5 of the speed reducer housing, and performing heat treatment to reduce internal stress;
s4, preliminary clamping: the base 1 is fixedly connected to a workbench of a numerical control machining center, a speed reducer shell blank 5 is placed into the accommodating groove 11, the pressing claw 22 is pulled to enable the pressing claw 22 to be abutted to the annular plate 52, then the screw bolt 231 is screwed to rise to enable the pressing claw 22 to be pressed on the annular plate 52, and meanwhile the clamping jaw 242 is clamped on the second mounting column 53;
s5, rough machining: rough milling is carried out on the top surface and the side surface of the first mounting column 51, the center of the first bearing hole 54 is determined by taking the side surface of the processed first mounting column 51 as a reference, the first bearing hole 54 is rough machined, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
determining a drilling center by taking the roughly milled first bearing hole 54 as a reference, drilling a through hole 58, penetrating the through hole 58 through the first mounting column 51 and the second mounting column 53, roughly milling an intermediate hole 55, and leaving a certain aperture allowance;
the center of the seal ring mounting hole 56 is determined by taking the roughly milled first bearing hole 54 as a reference, the seal ring mounting hole 56 is roughly milled, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
s6, finish machining: finish milling is carried out on the first bearing hole 54, then the finish milling is carried out on the middle hole 55 and the sealing ring mounting hole 56 in sequence by taking the finish-milled first bearing hole 54 as a reference, so that the coaxiality of the first bearing hole 54 and the middle hole 55 is ensured;
s7, rough and fine machining of the end face of the annular plate 52: the pull column 31 is connected to the base 1 in a threaded manner, the pressing plate 32 is pressed on the bottom wall of the first bearing hole 54, the screw bolt 231 is screwed down, and the dynamic pressure claw 22 is pulled away from the annular plate 52;
sequentially rough and finish machining the end face of the annular plate 52 by taking the first bearing hole 54 as a reference, so that the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the first bearing hole 54 is ensured;
s8, turning over: removing the pull column 31, turning over the blank 5 of the speed reducer housing, placing the annular plate 52 on the contour block 41, pressing the annular plate 52 by using the pressing claw 22, and sequentially roughly and finely machining the second bearing hole 57 by taking the middle hole 55 as a reference, so as to ensure the coaxiality of the second bearing hole 57 and the first bearing hole 54;
the pull rod 21 is installed, the compression effect of the compression claw 22 is relieved, the compression claw 22 is pulled away from the annular plate 52, the other end face of the annular plate 52 is sequentially roughly and finely machined, and the perpendicularity of the end face of the annular plate 52 and the axis of the second bearing hole 57 is guaranteed.
The embodiment of the application provides a processing tool for a speed reducer shell and a processing technology thereof, wherein the implementation principle is as follows: the base 1 is fixedly connected to a workbench of a numerical control machining center, the annular plate 52 is placed on the contour block 41, the annular plate 52 is compressed by using the compression claw 22, the second mounting column 53 is clamped by the clamping claw, and the machining of the first bearing hole 54, the middle hole 55 and the sealing ring mounting hole 56 is completed; then, the pull column 31 and the pressing plate 32 are used for pre-clamping the blank 5 of the speed reducer shell, the compression of the annular plate 52 by the pressing claw 22 is released, the clamping claw 242 clamps the second mounting column 53, and the processing of the upper end face of the annular plate 52 is completed; next, the turning work is performed, the annular plate 52 is placed on the contour block 41, the annular plate 52 is pressed by the pressing claw 22, the claw clamps the first mounting post 51, the processing of the second bearing hole 57 is completed, and next, the other end face of the annular plate 52 is processed in the same way as the upper end face of the annular plate 52.
The foregoing are all preferred embodiments of the present application, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present application in any way, therefore: all equivalent changes in structure, shape and principle of this application should be covered in the protection scope of this application.
Claims (10)
1. The utility model provides a speed reducer shell processing frock which characterized in that: comprises a base (1), a clamping mechanism (2), a compressing component (3) and a supporting component (4);
the base (1) is provided with a containing groove (11) for containing a shell blank (5) of the speed reducer;
the clamping mechanism (2) is arranged on the base (1), the clamping mechanism (2) is used for limiting the axial and radial movement of the annular plate (52), or the clamping mechanism (2) is used for limiting the radial movement of the annular plate (52), and a plurality of groups of clamping mechanisms (2) are arranged at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate (52);
the compressing assembly (3) is detachably arranged on the base (1) and used for limiting the movement of the annular plate (52) in the axial direction;
the support assembly (4) is arranged on the base (1) and is used for supporting the end face of the annular plate (52).
2. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the clamping mechanism (2) comprises a pull rod (21), a pressing claw (22), a driving assembly (23) and a clamping assembly (24);
the pull rod (21) is connected to the base (1) in a sliding manner, the sliding direction of the pull rod is intersected with the top surface of the base (1), the pressing claw (22) is connected to the top of the pull rod (21) in a rotating manner, the rotating axis of the pressing claw (22) is parallel to the end surface of the annular plate (52), and the sliding direction of the pressing claw (22) is along the direction facing to or away from the annular plate (52);
the driving assembly (23) is arranged on the pressing claw (22) to drive one side of the pressing claw (22) away from the annular plate (52) to be away from or close to the base (1);
the clamping assembly (24) is arranged on the pull rod (21), when the pull rod (21) moves, the pull rod (21) drives the clamping assembly (24) to clamp the first mounting column (51) or the second mounting column (53), and when the clamping assembly (24) clamps the first mounting column (51) or the second mounting column (53), the clamping assembly (24) limits the pull rod (21) to move.
3. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 2, wherein: the clamping assembly (24) comprises a linkage rod (241) and a clamping jaw (242);
the linkage rod (241) is fixedly connected to the pull rod (21), the linkage rod (241) is slidably connected to the base (1) and the sliding direction is parallel to the sliding direction of the pull rod (21);
clamping jaw (242) sliding connection is in on base (1) and slip direction along the direction towards or keep away from first erection column (51) axis, gangbar (241) are close to one side slope setting of clamping jaw (242), the cross-sectional area of gangbar (241) is along being close to the direction of pressing claw (22) reduces gradually, clamping jaw (242) are close to one side of gangbar (241) with the slope side laminating of gangbar (241).
4. A reducer casing machining tool according to claim 3, wherein: one side of the clamping jaw (242) far away from the linkage rod (241) is provided with a gap (2421), the opening direction of the gap (2421) faces to the shell blank (5) of the speed reducer, and two opposite side walls of the gap (2421) are arranged in an included angle mode.
5. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 1, wherein: the compression assembly (3) comprises a pull column (31) and a pressing plate (32);
one end of the pull column (31) extends into the reducer casing blank (5) and is connected to the base (1) in a threaded manner, and the pressing plate (32) is connected to the other end of the pull column (31) in an anti-falling manner;
the pressure plate (32) is abutted against the bottom wall of the first bearing hole (54) or the second bearing hole (57).
6. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 5, wherein: screw holes (14) are formed in positions, corresponding to the pull columns (31), of the base (1), chip receiving boxes (15) are arranged on the base (1) in a sliding mode, and the sliding direction of the chip receiving boxes (15) is along the direction towards or away from the screw holes (14).
7. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 5, wherein: the base (1) is provided with a placing groove (16) for accommodating the pull column (31) and the pressing plate (32).
8. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 1, wherein: -the support assembly (4) comprises a plurality of contour blocks (41);
the equal-height blocks (41) are arranged on the base (1), the equal-height blocks (41) are distributed at intervals along the circumferential direction of the annular plate (52), and the top surfaces of the equal-height blocks (41) are flush.
9. The reducer casing machining tool of claim 8, wherein: the contour block (41) is detachably connected to the base (1).
10. A processing technology of a speed reducer casing, using the speed reducer casing processing tool according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting a blank: cutting a round steel section bar or a square steel section bar with proper length;
s2, heating the blank: heating the cut section bar to 1000-1500 ℃ to soften the blank;
s3, die forging and heat treatment: forging the blank to form a blank (5) of the shell of the speed reducer, and performing heat treatment to reduce internal stress;
s4, preliminary clamping: fixedly connecting the base (1) to a workbench of processing equipment, placing a speed reducer shell blank (5) into the accommodating groove (11), pulling the pressing claw (22) to enable the pressing claw (22) to be abutted to the annular plate (52), then driving the pressing claw (22) to be pressed on the annular plate (52) by using the driving assembly (23), and simultaneously clamping the clamping claw (242) to be clamped on the second mounting column (53);
s5, rough machining: rough milling is carried out on the top surface and the side surface of the first mounting column (51), the side surface of the processed first mounting column (51) is used as a reference, the center of a first bearing hole (54) is determined, the first bearing hole (54) is rough machined, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
determining a drilling center by taking a rough-milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, drilling a through hole (58), penetrating the through hole (58) through the first mounting column (51) and the second mounting column (53), and then rough-milling an intermediate hole (55) and leaving a certain aperture allowance;
the center of a seal ring mounting hole (56) is determined by taking a rough-milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, the seal ring mounting hole (56) is rough-milled, and a certain aperture allowance is reserved;
s6, finish machining: finish milling is carried out on the first bearing hole (54), and then a middle hole (55) and a sealing ring mounting hole (56) are sequentially finish-milled by taking the finish-milled first bearing hole (54) as a reference, so that coaxiality of the first bearing hole (54) and the middle hole (55) is ensured;
s7, rough and fine machining of the end face of the annular plate (52): the pull column (31) is connected to the base (1) through threads, the pressing plate (32) is pressed on the bottom wall of the first bearing hole (54), the jacking action of the driving assembly (23) is released, the pressing claw (22) is pulled away from the annular plate (52), and the clamping assembly (24) clamps the second mounting column (53);
sequentially rough and finish machining the end face of the annular plate (52) by taking the first bearing hole (54) as a reference, so that the perpendicularity between the end face of the annular plate (52) and the axis of the first bearing hole (54) is ensured;
s8, turning over: removing the pull column (31), overturning the blank (5) of the shell of the speed reducer, compacting the annular plate (52) by using the pressing claw (22), and sequentially roughly and finely machining the second bearing hole (57) by taking the middle hole (55) as a reference, so as to ensure the coaxiality of the second bearing hole (57) and the first bearing hole (54) and ensure the verticality of the end surface of the annular plate (52) and the axis of the first bearing hole (54);
and installing a pull-up column (31), releasing the compression action of the compression claw (22), and pulling the compression claw (22) away from the annular plate (52) to enable the clamping assembly (24) to clamp the first installation column (51), and sequentially rough and finish machining the other end face of the annular plate (52).
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211645115.7A CN116038373A (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Speed reducer shell machining tool and machining process thereof |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211645115.7A CN116038373A (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Speed reducer shell machining tool and machining process thereof |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN116038373A true CN116038373A (en) | 2023-05-02 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202211645115.7A Pending CN116038373A (en) | 2022-12-21 | 2022-12-21 | Speed reducer shell machining tool and machining process thereof |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116809986A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-29 | 青岛旺升源金属科技有限公司 | Positioning tool for turning outer circle of special-shaped automobile part |
-
2022
- 2022-12-21 CN CN202211645115.7A patent/CN116038373A/en active Pending
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN116809986A (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2023-09-29 | 青岛旺升源金属科技有限公司 | Positioning tool for turning outer circle of special-shaped automobile part |
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