CN116038178B - Brazing filler metal for superhard cutter and preparation method and application thereof - Google Patents
Brazing filler metal for superhard cutter and preparation method and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116038178B CN116038178B CN202310183910.7A CN202310183910A CN116038178B CN 116038178 B CN116038178 B CN 116038178B CN 202310183910 A CN202310183910 A CN 202310183910A CN 116038178 B CN116038178 B CN 116038178B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/40—Making wire or rods for soldering or welding
Abstract
The invention provides a brazing filler metal for a superhard cutter, a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of brazing. Specifically, the brazing filler metal comprises copper powder, tin powder, titanium powder and an adhesive; wherein the copper powder comprises dendritic copper powder and spherical copper powder, and the granularity of the spherical copper powder is larger than the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder. According to the invention, the operation requirements of the hard alloy cutter on workers in the assembly process are reduced by optimizing the composition and the particle size of the brazing filler metal; the width unification of the welding seams is realized, the assembly efficiency and the welding success rate are greatly improved, and the quality of the welding seam joint is ensured. Meanwhile, the weld widths are unified, so that the tool nose life of each indexable insert is more consistent, and the quality of a machined tool is more controllable. In addition, the trace high-grain-size spherical copper powder is completely dissolved into the welding seam in the high-temperature brazing process, so that the strength of the welding seam is not affected.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of brazing, in particular to a brazing filler metal for a superhard cutter, and a preparation method and application thereof.
Background
Polycrystalline Cubic Boron Nitride (PCBN) is one of the superhard materials; because of its excellent grinding properties, cubic boron nitride is widely used for grinding tools and other precision workpieces, and cubic boron nitride itself can also be used for tool materials. The through-welded or composite PCBN tool and the coated PCBN tool have application in alloy casting, aerospace, engine and other fields of high hardness parts.
The through-welded or combined PCBN tool has the advantages of low cost, high processing efficiency and the like, and comprises a hard alloy substrate and at least one PCBN tool bit which are welded together. The welding of PCBN and cemented carbide belongs to heterogeneous material welding, which is more difficult than the welding of the same material, is a hot spot for scientific research and engineering application, and numerous applicant has filed a lot of patents, such as an activated diffusion joining method (201610777193.0) of cemented carbide and steel, an active joining agent for the contact reaction of graphite and stainless steel, and a brazing method (201910993573.1), and a method (202210780917.2) for reducing the residual stress of heterogeneous braze joints.
The welding specific operation of the through welding type PCBN cutter is as follows: the operator firstly smears paste solder (soldering paste) on the to-be-welded part of the hard alloy matrix, then assembles the cutter head and the hard alloy matrix coated with the soldering paste together, and then puts the hard alloy matrix into a furnace for welding.
The soldering paste is generally prepared by mechanically mixing simple substance powder and then adding a binder, and has the advantages of low cost, easy obtainment and the like. In actual production operations, in order to ensure the solderability of such solder pastes, ultrafine powders are often formulated. The large-particle powder is assumed to be adopted for preparation, so that the problems of insufficient alloying among the powder, reduced welding strength and the like in the welding process are caused. However, since the powder particles constituting the solder paste are finer, depending on the experience of operators during the assembly process, the situations of excessive extrusion of the solder paste, uneven weld gaps and the like are extremely liable to occur, and further, the abrasion of the cutter head and the service life are adversely affected.
In view of this, the present invention has been made.
Disclosure of Invention
The first aim of the invention is to provide a brazing filler metal for superhard cutters, which can solve the defects of cutter quality caused by welding seams in the use process of low-granularity brazing filler metal, and simultaneously avoid the defects of welding strength and the like possibly caused by high-granularity brazing filler metal. In order to achieve the above object of the present invention, the following technical solutions are specifically adopted:
a brazing filler metal for superhard cutters comprises copper powder, tin powder, titanium powder and an adhesive; wherein the copper powder comprises dendritic copper powder and spherical copper powder, and the granularity of the spherical copper powder is larger than the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder.
Preferably, the brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 50-100 parts of copper powder, 5-30 parts of tin powder, 5-30 parts of titanium powder, 0.5-5 parts of an adhesive and a plurality of solvents.
More preferably, the brazing filler metal comprises, by mass, 60-80 parts of copper powder, 5-20 parts of tin powder, 5-15 parts of titanium powder, 0.5-3 parts of an adhesive and 20-40 parts of water.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the spherical copper powder to the dendritic copper powder is (5-9): (1-5).
More preferably, the brazing filler metal comprises 45-95 parts by weight of dendritic copper powder, 5-10 parts by weight of spherical copper powder, 5-30 parts by weight of tin powder, 5-30 parts by weight of titanium powder, 0.5-5 parts by weight of adhesive and a plurality of solvents.
Preferably, the granularity of the spherical copper powder is-270 meshes to +600 meshes.
Preferably, the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder is less than or equal to minus 600 meshes.
The second aim of the invention is to provide a preparation method of the brazing filler metal for the superhard cutter, which is simple and feasible and is suitable for mass production; specifically, the preparation method comprises the following steps: and fully mixing the copper powder, the tin powder, the titanium powder, the adhesive and the solvent to obtain the paste solder.
A third object of the present invention is to provide the use of the braze for superhard cutters in the field of brazing; superhard cutters prepared by the brazing filler metal or brazing processes comprising the brazing filler metal belong to the application of the invention.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the operation and experience requirements of the hard alloy cutter on workers in the assembly process are reduced by optimizing the composition and particle size parameters of the brazing filler metal; during the use process, an assembler only needs to press the hard alloy matrix and/or the cutter head forcefully, the obtained welding lines are uniform in width, the assembly efficiency and the welding success rate are greatly improved, and the quality of the welding line joint is ensured. Meanwhile, the width of the welding line is uniform, and the service life of each tool tip of the indexable insert is more consistent, so that the quality of the processed tool is more controllable. In addition, by adopting a trace amount of spherical copper powder with high particle size, the copper powder is completely dissolved into the welding seam in the high-temperature brazing process, and the strength of the welding seam is not affected.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings that are needed in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described, and it is obvious that the drawings in the description below are some embodiments of the present invention, and other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without inventive effort for a person skilled in the art.
FIG. 1 is a microscopic electron microscope image of a weld of example 1 of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a microscopic electron microscope image of the weld of example 2 of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a microscopic electron microscope image of a weld of a comparative example of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and detailed description, but it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the examples described below are some, but not all, examples of the present invention, and are intended to be illustrative of the present invention only and should not be construed as limiting the scope of the present invention. All other embodiments, which can be made by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention. The specific conditions are not noted in the examples and are carried out according to conventional conditions or conditions recommended by the manufacturer. The reagents or apparatus used were conventional products commercially available without the manufacturer's attention.
In the brazing process of the hard alloy cutter, an operator is required to smear paste brazing filler metal on a to-be-welded part on a hard alloy substrate, then the cutter head is assembled on the to-be-welded part, and then the to-be-welded part is welded in a furnace. In the process, the width of the welding line is completely manually operated by workers, and considerable errors exist; if the worker forces too much during assembly, the solder in the weld between the substrate and the tool bit can be squeezed out too much, causing the weld to be too narrow and even the solder paste to be squeezed out almost entirely. Meanwhile, if the force is uneven, the gap of the same weld may be caused to be different. This requires that the assembler experience to obtain a consistent weld when performing the assembly; in particular indexable inserts with multiple tips, different widths of weld, and even different tips for the same tool, can result in different service lives.
In addition, the welding seams of the through-welding blades are all welded in a vertical state, the welding seam process is not stressed, the joint filling capability of the liquid brazing filler metal is completely relied on, and when the brazing seam gap is too large, the brazing rate is easily reduced, so that the welding seam strength of the cutter is low.
The paste solder adopted in the current technology is generally prepared by mechanically mixing simple substance powder and then adding a binder, and has the advantages of low cost, easy obtainment and the like. In order to ensure the welding performance of the solder paste, the solder paste is often prepared from superfine powder of 800 meshes; this fine particle process further exacerbates the worker assembly problems described above. Conversely, if large-particle metal powder is used for preparing the soldering paste, the problems of insufficient alloying among the powder, too wide welding line width, reduced soldering rate, greatly reduced welding strength and the like can be caused in the welding process; thus the process of large particle powders is almost eliminated by market iteration.
Based on the technical defects, the technical scheme of the invention is specially provided to solve all the technical problems. The invention is carried out by the following specific embodiments: a brazing filler metal for superhard cutters comprises copper powder, tin powder, titanium powder and an adhesive; wherein the copper powder comprises dendritic copper powder and spherical copper powder, and the granularity of the spherical copper powder is larger than the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder.
As a preferred embodiment, the superhard tool is a PCBN tool; as a more preferred embodiment, the PCBN tool comprises a flux welding type or a compound type.
As a preferred embodiment, the method for using the brazing filler metal of the present invention comprises the steps of: firstly, coating the brazing filler metal on a hard alloy substrate, and then placing a cutter head at a coating position; and (3) forcefully extruding the matrix and/or the cutter head until the matrix and/or the cutter head are/is extruded, and then performing high-temperature brazing to obtain the hard alloy cutter. As a more preferred embodiment, when the number of bits > 1, the coating and pressing operations are repeated until all the bits are pressed. As a more preferred embodiment, the extrusion may be performed by an operator or by a machine, the force of the extrusion is not particularly limited, and a person skilled in the art may perform an appropriate field operation according to the specific type of cemented carbide tool.
In the invention, the spherical copper powder with high granularity is added to play a role in fixing gaps in welding seams; meanwhile, the welding is preferably carried out in an extrusion mode, and the fixing effect of the welding seam is more remarkable by adopting an external acting force mode, so that the problem of uneven welding seam caused by manual operation in the assembly process is avoided, and the assembly difficulty is effectively reduced. Meanwhile, for the paste-shaped fluid solder, because the spherical copper powder particles with high granularity are fixed in the welding seam, the problem of welding strength reduction caused by reduced brazing rate is avoided because the welding paste is not required to be extruded or flow out based on the bonding effect of the adhesive.
In the invention, a large amount of dendritic copper powder with low granularity is arranged in addition to a small amount of spherical copper powder with high granularity in the brazing filler metal, and the problem of welding strength reduction caused by insufficient alloying in the brazing process is avoided by the cooperation of two copper powders with different morphologies.
As a preferred embodiment, the mass ratio of the spherical copper powder to the dendritic copper powder is (5-9): (1-5).
As a preferred embodiment, the granularity of the spherical copper powder is minus 270 meshes to plus 600 meshes, and the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder is less than or equal to minus 600 meshes. It can be understood that: the particle size of the spherical copper powder is smaller than 270 meshes and larger than 600 meshes, and the particle sizes of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder are smaller than 600 meshes. Alternatively, the spherical copper powder may have a particle size of 600 mesh coarse and 270 mesh fine, meaning that the spherical copper powder may pass through a 270 mesh screen and may not pass through a 600 mesh screen. Similarly to the particle sizes of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder, the particle sizes of the three are independently 600 mesh or finer, which means that the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder can pass through a 600 mesh screen, and in a more preferred case, cannot pass through a 1000 mesh screen. It should be noted that the above only shows the particle size ranges of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder, and the person skilled in the art can select the particle sizes of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder separately, and the particle sizes of the three are not necessarily the same.
As an alternative embodiment, the solder comprises the following components in parts by mass: copper powder includes, but is not limited to, 50, 55, 60, 65, 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 parts; tin powders include, but are not limited to, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 parts; titanium powders include, but are not limited to, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 parts; the adhesive includes, but is not limited to, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, 4, 5 parts and solvent water 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 parts. It should be noted that the given mass fraction of the copper powder should be equal to the sum of the masses of the spherical copper powder and the dendritic copper powder. In addition, it should be noted that the parts by weight of the components used in the present invention are not limited to the above-mentioned parts by weight, and any real value in the numerical range formed by the above-mentioned parts by weight may be used.
As a preferred embodiment, the particle size of the spherical copper powder includes, but is not limited to, 280 mesh, 290 mesh, 300 mesh, 320 mesh, 340 mesh, 360 mesh, 380 mesh, 400 mesh, 450 mesh, 500 mesh, 520 mesh, 540 mesh, 560 mesh, 580 mesh, 590 mesh; the particle sizes of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder, and the titanium powder include, but are not limited to, 610 mesh, 620 mesh, 640 mesh, 660 mesh, 680 mesh, 700 mesh, 720 mesh, 740 mesh, 760 mesh, 780 mesh, 800 mesh, 850 mesh, 900 mesh, 920 mesh, 940 mesh, 960 mesh, 980 mesh, 990 mesh.
As a preferred embodiment, the adhesive includes at least one of propylene glycol, ethylcarbitol, glycerol, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl ether.
As a preferred embodiment, the solvent includes at least one of water or alcohol.
Example 1
Weighing raw material metal powder according to parts by weight: 10 parts of spherical copper powder (-400 meshes to 500 meshes, 38-25 mu m), 80 parts of dendritic copper powder, 20 parts of tin powder, 10 parts of titanium powder (the three are of-800 meshes), 0.2 part of propylene glycol and 10 parts of water. And fully stirring and mixing the raw materials until the raw materials are uniform, and taking the mixture as the solder paste to be used.
The object to be soldered adopts a PCBN cutter with a CCGW060202 type blade, and the cemented carbide substrate is YG8; the to-be-used soldering paste is coated on the hard alloy substrate, and then the cutter head is placed at the position after the soldering paste is coated, and is extruded forcefully until the extrusion is stopped. And then transferring the cutter to a vacuum furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 910 ℃, and the brazing time is 10min.
The weld was scanned by an electron microscope, and a microscopic schematic of the weld of this example was given as shown in fig. 1. From the picture information, it can be seen that: the weld width was 39 μm and was in close proximity to the maximum particle size of the spherical copper powder of 38 μm, the spherical copper powder served to define the weld width, and the weld width was very uniform.
Example 2
Substantially the same as in example 1, the only difference is that: the granularity of the spherical copper powder is-500 meshes to +600 meshes (25 μm to 23 μm). The weld was scanned by an electron microscope, and a microscopic schematic of the weld of this example was given as shown in fig. 2. From the picture information, it can be seen that: the width of the weld was 24.8 μm, which is close to the maximum particle size of 25 μm of the spherical copper powder, which serves to define the width of the weld, and the width of the weld was very uniform.
Example 3
Substantially the same as in example 1, the only difference is that: the spherical copper powder is 5 parts by mass, and 85 parts of dendritic copper powder is added.
Example 4
Substantially the same as in example 2, the only difference is that: 5 parts of spherical copper powder, 90 parts of dendritic copper powder, 5 parts of tin powder and 15 parts of titanium powder.
Example 5
Substantially the same as in example 2, the only difference is that: 5 parts of spherical copper powder, 85 parts of dendritic copper powder, 20 parts of tin powder and 5 parts of titanium powder.
Comparative example 1
The solder paste composition was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the particle size of the spherical copper powder is the same as that of the dendritic copper powder, tin powder and titanium powder.
The object to be soldered is also a PCBN cutter with a VNGA160408 type blade, and the cemented carbide substrate is YG8; firstly, the to-be-used soldering paste is smeared on the hard alloy substrate, and then the tool bit is placed at the position after the soldering paste is smeared, and the manual assembly is carried out by technicians. And then transferring the cutter to a vacuum furnace for brazing, wherein the brazing temperature is 910 ℃, and the brazing time is 10min.
The weld was scanned by an electron microscope, and a microscopic schematic of the weld of this comparative example was given as shown in fig. 3. From the picture information, it can be seen that: the widest part of the welding line reaches 165 mu m, the stress of the welding line is uneven, the welding line gap is unequal, the welding line at one end is overlarge, the gap filling capability of the brazing filler metal is insufficient to fill the welding line, and the brazing defect is caused.
Comparative example 2
The solder paste composition was substantially the same as in example 1, except that: the spherical copper powder content is 0, and 90 parts of dendritic copper powder.
Weld width statistics for each example and comparative example
| Width of weld | Whether or not to pass | |
| Example 1 | 39 μm, and the weld width is uniform | Qualified product |
| Example 2 | 24.8 μm and consistent weld width | Qualified product |
| Example 3 | 38 mu m and consistent weld width | Qualified product |
| Example 4 | 24 μm and uniform weld width | Qualified product |
| Example 5 | 24 μm and uniform weld width | Qualified product |
| Comparative example 1 | The widest part is 165 mu m, and the narrowest part is less than 20 mu m | Failure to pass |
| Comparative example 2 | The widest part is 30 μm, and the narrowest part is less than 18 μm | Failure to pass |
While the invention has been illustrated and described with reference to specific embodiments, it is to be understood that the above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical aspects of the invention and not restrictive thereof; those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that: modifications may be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalents may be substituted for some or all of the technical features thereof, without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit of the corresponding technical solutions; it is therefore intended to cover in the appended claims all such alternatives and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
Claims (4)
1. The brazing filler metal for the superhard cutter is characterized by comprising the following raw materials in parts by weight: 45-95 parts of dendritic copper powder, 5-10 parts of spherical copper powder, 5-30 parts of tin powder, 5-30 parts of titanium powder, 0.5-5 parts of adhesive and 20-40 parts of water; wherein the particle size of the spherical copper powder is larger than the particle sizes of the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder;
the mass ratio of the spherical copper powder to the dendritic copper powder is (1-5): (5-9);
the granularity of the spherical copper powder is-270 meshes to +600 meshes, and the granularity of the dendritic copper powder, the granularity of the tin powder and the granularity of the titanium powder are less than or equal to-600 meshes.
2. The brazing filler metal for superhard cutters according to claim 1, wherein the dendritic copper powder, the tin powder and the titanium powder have a particle size of-600 mesh to +1000 mesh.
3. A method of preparing a braze for a superhard cutter according to claim 1 or claim 2, comprising the steps of: and fully mixing the copper powder, the tin powder, the titanium powder, the adhesive and the solvent to obtain the paste solder.
4. Use of a braze according to claim 1 or 2 in the field of brazing for superhard cutters.
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| CN105921739A (en) * | 2016-05-19 | 2016-09-07 | 江阴天恬精密工具有限公司 | High-precision ultrathin diamond cutting disk and preparation method therefor |
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| JP3061309B2 (en) * | 1991-11-28 | 2000-07-10 | 株式会社トクヤマ | Curable conductive composition |
| JP2514516B2 (en) * | 1992-02-05 | 1996-07-10 | タツタ電線株式会社 | Solderable conductive paste |
| JPH0768562B2 (en) * | 1992-11-25 | 1995-07-26 | 三井金属鉱業株式会社 | Method for producing solderable copper powder for conductive paint |
| JP4650220B2 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2011-03-16 | パナソニック株式会社 | Electronic component soldering method and electronic component soldering structure |
| DE102007053277A1 (en) * | 2007-11-08 | 2009-05-14 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Method for increasing viscosity of a metal melt in a composition, comprises adding a powder from a material to the metal melt, where the powder has a melting point for superficially alloying with components of the metal melt |
| CN103635284B (en) * | 2011-03-23 | 2017-03-29 | 思高博塔公司 | The particulate nickel-base alloy split for stress corrosion resistant and its method for designing |
| JP2017071820A (en) * | 2015-10-06 | 2017-04-13 | 住友金属鉱山株式会社 | Sn-COATED COPPER POWDER AND CONDUCTIVE PASTE USING THE SAME, AND PRODUCTION PROCESS FOR Sn-COATED COPPER POWDER |
| CN108655524B (en) * | 2018-03-23 | 2020-12-01 | 华侨大学 | Method for low-temperature brazing of cubic boron nitride abrasive particles |
| CN110303269A (en) * | 2019-07-02 | 2019-10-08 | 华侨大学 | For the Sn-Cu-Ti solder of low temperature brazing diamond and application |
| CN113084392A (en) * | 2021-03-29 | 2021-07-09 | 华南理工大学 | Ag-Cu-Ti-Sn-Ni active alloy solder and preparation method thereof |
| CN115283664A (en) * | 2022-07-13 | 2022-11-04 | 哈尔滨工业大学（深圳） | Cu-Al 2 O 3 Cold spraying composite powder and preparation method and application thereof |
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