CN116037853A - 一种合金板锤的制备方法 - Google Patents

一种合金板锤的制备方法 Download PDF

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CN116037853A
CN116037853A CN202310160607.5A CN202310160607A CN116037853A CN 116037853 A CN116037853 A CN 116037853A CN 202310160607 A CN202310160607 A CN 202310160607A CN 116037853 A CN116037853 A CN 116037853A
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邵秋莲
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Abstract

本发明涉及板锤制备技术领域,具体公开了一种合金板锤的制备方法,包括以下步骤:步骤1:分别制备高锰钢材质的板锤本体和高碳高铬钢材质的耐磨条;步骤2:利用紧固件将耐磨条装配在板锤本体的易磨损工作面上,本发明结构设计合理,采用分体式设计,当板锤失效时,仅需要更换耐磨条,极大的降低了板锤的更换难度,并且耐磨条采用改良后的高碳高铬钢制作,具有较高的硬度和冲击韧性,有效的提高了耐用性。

Description

一种合金板锤的制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及板锤制备技术领域,尤其涉及一种合金板锤的制备方法。
背景技术
反击式破碎机将打击、反击、离心冲击、剪切、研磨有机结合在一起,具有破碎度高、破碎料粒度平均、易损件少、便于维护以及能耗低等特点,广泛应用于岩石破碎、金属矿石破碎等领域。
板锤是反击式破碎机的易损件,其呈长方体形状,固定安装在破碎机的转子上,板锤的远离破碎机转子轴线的一端即为工作部位,在长时间工作下,板锤边缘会被破坏,其表面形状会发生变化,当板锤边缘的棱角被磨成平滑的圆弧面后,破碎效果将大大降低,板锤磨损亦是破碎机失效的主要形式。
目前板锤普遍采用高锰钢、高铬铸铁等材料铸造成型,铸态高锰钢经过水韧处理后其限位组织为单向奥氏体组织,因此获得很好的冲击韧性和很强的加工硬化,但是工作过程中物理冲击力不够或接触应力小,则不能使高锰钢板锤表面迅速产生加工硬化,因而不能很好的抵抗物料的刺入与划沟引起的犁削式磨损,导致板锤磨损严重;高铬铸铁拥有很高的淬透性、淬硬性和耐磨性,并且还有不错的抗氧化和抗热疲劳型,但由于组织中的碳化物是脆性相,作为板锤材料时容易发生断裂,只能用于冲击力较小的工况条件。
并且,在实际生产中,板锤换边与更换的速度、难以程度是影响破碎机生产效率最重要的因素,不但拆卸旧板锤和装配新板锤需要大量的时间和人力,且还需要做复杂的动平衡检查,通常更换一套板锤至少需要一个班次的时间,这会大大降低生产效率。
发明内容
为解决背景技术中提到的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种合金板锤的制备方法。
为了实现上述目标,本发明的技术方案为:
一种合金板锤的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:分别制备高锰钢材质的板锤本体和高碳高铬钢材质的耐磨条;
步骤2:利用紧固件将耐磨条装配在板锤本体的易磨损工作面上;
所述耐磨条的组分为:C:1.6%、Cr:12%、Mo:1%、V:0.3%、Ti;0.5%、Ni:1.5%、Y:0.3%、Si:0.3%、Mn:0.3%、余量为Fe;所述耐磨条的制备步骤如下:
a:根据耐磨条组分配比取GX160CrMoV12钢、Ti粉、Ni粉以及Y粉作为炉料,在250℃条件下将炉料预热30~60min,并做好砂型模具;
b:利用高频感应炉熔炼干燥后的炉料,炉料完全融化后保温5~7min停止加热,将融化后的炉料浇注进砂型模具中铸形,铸形完毕后切除帽口、修整毛边;
c:退火处理,将铸形后的耐磨条以250℃/h升温至870℃并保温2h,然后以60℃/h降温至740℃并保温6h,然后以30℃/h降温至500℃,最后出炉空冷,目的是降低钢材硬度,软化材料,改善切削性能,并且获得球状珠光体组织,改善热处理工艺性能;
d:淬火处理,将退火后的耐磨条以250℃/h升温至1040℃并保温40min,随后出炉油淬,在铸态下存在大量的网状共晶碳化物,疲劳裂纹容易沿这种应力集中的网状碳化物处萌生和扩展,退火处理后这些网状共晶碳化物依然存在,淬火处理可以使共晶碳化物的网状结构熔断甚至消失,原始共晶碳化物的形态和分布被很好的改善;
e:回火处理,将淬火后的耐磨条在200℃下保温2h,高碳高铬钢经过淬火后获得的组织主要是马氏体、残余奥氏体和碳化物,马氏体和残余奥氏体在室温下处于亚稳定状态,淬火后高碳高铬钢的硬度高,但是脆性大,韧性抵,难以承受变形和冲击,并且高碳高铬钢淬火存在很大的残余应力,回火的目的是提高淬火高碳高铬钢的韧性,消除残余内应力,获得稳定的组织,提高钢的力学性能,板锤的工况一般不会超过200℃,因此不需要采用高温回火获得红硬性。
本发明利用GX160CrMoV12钢与Ti、Ni以及Y元素结合,Ti能够与C结合,在钢铸造冷却过程中形成TiC,TiC析出相,起钉扎晶界的作用,阻碍钢奥氏体晶粒的长大,细化晶粒,提高钢的强度和韧性,并且,TiC作为碳化物形核的有效异质核心,使共晶碳化物的形态和分布得到改善,可提高钢的抗拉强度和冲击韧度,当Ti添加量为0.5%时,可显著细化GX160CrMoV12钢的共晶碳化物;添加Ni可在马氏体转变或贝氏体转变中能稳定奥氏体,提高组织中的残余奥氏体的量及稳定性来提高钢的塑韧性,同时Ni淬透性好,Ni与Cr、Mo结合,淬透性可大大增高,Ni元素的增加有利于得到更多的残余奥氏,可提高钢的冲击韧性,当Ni元素添加量为1.5%时,铸态基体组织等轴化,二次枝晶臂粗化;添加稀土元素Y可脱硫、脱氧、去除非金属夹杂物,稀土元素Y与O、S等形成的化合物可以使钢液结晶时非自发形核,同时稀土元素Y能够降低钢液的表面张力,降低形核功,提高形核率,Y的加入可以使碳化物分布变得更加均匀分散,同时可以细化奥氏体晶粒,提搞钢的抗拉强度和冲击韧性,当Y添加量为0.3%时,铸态基体组织为等轴晶,晶粒尺寸减小,二次枝晶臂细化,共晶碳化物分布在晶间由连续网状向不连续网状转变,共晶碳化物由粗大快状向细小条状、孤立岛状转变。采用上述工艺,本发明制备的高碳高铬钢耐磨条硬度能够达到61.6HRC,相较于GX160CrMoV12钢,本发明制备的高碳高铬钢的冲击韧度提高了69%,硬度提高9%。
进一步的,所述步骤2中的紧固件为螺母和螺栓,所述板锤本体的工作面的外端预成型有长方体型的安装缺口,所述安装缺口的长边与板锤本体的长边相应,安装缺口的底部预成型有燕尾榫槽,板锤本体背离安装缺口的端面预成型有沉孔,沉孔与燕尾榫槽连通,耐磨条的形状与安装缺口相应,耐磨条的底部预成型有与燕尾榫槽配合的燕尾榫头,燕尾榫头的底部预成型有嵌孔,螺母嵌固在嵌孔内,当燕尾榫头装配在燕尾榫槽内时,螺母抵触在燕尾榫槽的底面且螺母与沉孔对应,螺栓可穿过沉孔并螺纹连接在螺母内。
进一步的,所述燕尾榫槽的轴线与板锤本体的长边平行,所述燕尾榫槽的截面尺寸沿板锤本体的长边逐渐减小,所述嵌孔成型在燕尾榫槽宽度更大的一端。
本发明的有益效果为:板锤本体与耐磨条分体式设计,耐磨条安装在板锤的易磨损部位,相较于传统的一体铸造式板锤,板锤失效后,仅需要替换耐磨条,无需拆卸板锤本体,这大大的降低了更换的难度,省工省时;耐磨条采用GX160CrMoV12钢配以Ti、Ni以及Y元素熔铸,取材方便,且制造的高碳高铬钢相较于GX160CrMoV12钢具有更高的冲击韧度和硬度,可有效提高板锤的耐用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例中板锤本体和耐磨合金条组合后的侧视图;
图2为本发明实施例中板锤本体和耐磨合金条组合后的俯视图;
图3为图1中A-A向剖面示意图;
图4本图2中B-B向剖面示意图。
附图编号说明:1、板锤本体,11、安装缺口,12、燕尾榫槽,13、沉孔,2、耐磨条,21、燕尾榫头,22、嵌孔,3、螺母,4、螺栓。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明的实施例,本领域普通技术人员所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明的保护范围。
一种合金板锤的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:采用砂型铸造法制备高锰钢板锤本体1,包括砂型制作、金属熔炼、浇注、清理;
其中,参考图1~图4,板锤本体1预成型为长方体形状状,其工作面(即破碎机工作时板锤迎向物料的一面)的外端预成型有长方体形状的安装缺口11,安装缺口11的长边与板锤的长边相应,安装缺口11的底部预成型有燕尾榫槽12,燕尾榫槽12的轴线与板锤的长边平行,燕尾榫槽12的截面尺寸沿板锤的长边逐渐减小,板锤本体1背离安装缺口11的端面预成型有沉孔13,沉孔13与燕尾榫槽12连通且沉孔13位于燕尾榫槽12截面尺寸更大的一端;
采用砂型铸造法制备高碳高铬钢耐磨条2;
其中,参考图1~图4,耐磨条2的尺寸与安装缺口11相应,耐磨条2的底部预成型有与燕尾榫槽12配合的燕尾榫头21,燕尾榫头21的底部预成型有嵌孔22,当燕尾榫头21装配在燕尾榫槽12内时,嵌孔22与沉孔13对应;
耐磨条2的组分为:C:1.6%、Cr:12%、Mo:1%、V:0.3%、Ti;0.5%、Ni:1.5%、Y:0.3%、Si:0.3%、Mn:0.3%、余量为Fe;耐磨条2的制备步骤如下:
a:根据耐磨条2组分配比取GX160CrMoV12钢、Ti粉、Ni粉以及Y粉作为炉料,利用烘箱,在250℃条件下将炉料预热30min,目的是去除炉料中的水分,并做好砂型模具;
b:将炉料填入高频感应炉的坩埚中,利用高频感应炉熔炼干燥后的炉料,以10A/min加热速率加热,炉料完全融化后保温5停止加热,将融化后的炉料浇注进砂型模具中铸形,铸形完毕后切除帽口、修整毛边;
c:退火处理,利用箱式马沸炉将铸形后的耐磨条2以250℃/h升温至870℃并保温2h,然后以60℃/h降温至740℃并保温6h,然后以30℃/h降温至500℃,后出炉空冷;
d:淬火处理,利用箱式马沸炉,将退火后的耐磨条2以250℃/h升温至1040℃并保温40min,随后出炉油淬;
e:回火处理,将淬火后的耐磨条2在200℃下保温2h;
步骤2:利用螺栓4和螺母3将耐磨条2固定在板锤本体1的安装缺口11上,具体为,先将螺母3嵌入嵌孔22内,然后通过燕尾榫头21和燕尾榫槽12将耐磨条2与板锤本体1榫卯结合,此时螺母3抵触在燕尾榫槽12的底面,然后利用内六角扳手将螺栓4旋入螺母3内,即完成耐磨条2与板锤本体1的固定。
利用维式显微硬度计测得耐磨条硬度为61.6HRC、GX160CrMoV12钢的硬度为56.1,利用摆锤式冲击试验测试耐磨条的冲击韧度达到11.3J/m2、GX160CrMoV12钢的冲击韧度仅有6.7J/m2,相较于GX160CrMoV12钢,本发明制备的耐磨条硬度提升了9%,冲击韧度提高而69%。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所有的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (3)

1.一种合金板锤的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1:分别制备高锰钢材质的板锤本体和高碳高铬钢材质的耐磨条;
步骤2:利用紧固件将耐磨条装配在板锤本体的易磨损工作面上;
所述耐磨条的组分为:C:1.6%、Cr:12%、Mo:1%、V:0.3%、Ti;0.5%、Ni:1.5%、Y:0.3%、Si:0.3%、Mn:0.3%、余量为Fe;所述耐磨条的制备步骤如下:
a:根据耐磨条组分配比取GX160CrMoV12钢、Ti粉、Ni粉以及Y粉作为炉料,在250℃条件下将炉料预热30~60min,并做好砂型模具;
b:利用高频感应炉熔炼干燥后的炉料,炉料完全融化后保温5~7min停止加热,将融化后的炉料浇注进砂型模具中铸形,铸形完毕后切除帽口、修整毛边;
c:退火处理,将铸形后的耐磨条以250℃/h升温至870℃并保温2h,然后以60℃/h降温至740℃并保温6h,然后以30℃/h降温至500℃,最后出炉空冷;
d:淬火处理,将退火后的耐磨条以250℃/h升温至1040℃并保温40min,随后出炉油淬;
e:回火处理,将淬火后的耐磨条在200℃下保温2h。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种合金板锤的制备方法,其特征在于,所述步骤2中的紧固件为螺母和螺栓,所述板锤本体的工作面的外端预成型有长方体型的安装缺口,所述安装缺口的长边与板锤本体的长边相应,安装缺口的底部预成型有燕尾榫槽,板锤本体背离安装缺口的端面预成型有沉孔,沉孔与燕尾榫槽连通,耐磨条的形状与安装缺口相应,耐磨条的底部预成型有与燕尾榫槽配合的燕尾榫头,燕尾榫头的底部预成型有嵌孔,螺母嵌固在嵌孔内,当燕尾榫头装配在燕尾榫槽内时,螺母抵触在燕尾榫槽的底面且螺母与沉孔对应,螺栓可穿过沉孔并螺纹连接在螺母内。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种合金板锤的制备方法,其特征在于,所述燕尾榫槽的轴线与板锤本体的长边平行,所述燕尾榫槽的截面尺寸沿板锤本体的长边逐渐减小,所述嵌孔成型在燕尾榫槽宽度更大的一端。
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